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Greenspan LJ, Cisneros I, Weinstein BM. Dermal Dive: An Overview of Cutaneous Wounding Techniques in Zebrafish. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1430-1439. [PMID: 38752940 PMCID: PMC11218931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds are common injuries that affect millions of people around the world. In vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with diabetes, defects in wound healing can lead to the development of chronic open wounds. Although mammalian models are commonly used to study cutaneous wound healing, the challenges of in vivo imaging in mammals have hampered detailed observation of cell coordination and cell signaling during wound healing. The zebrafish is becoming increasingly popular for studying cutaneous wound healing owing to its genetic accessibility, suitability for experimental manipulation, and the ability to perform live, in vivo imaging with cellular or even subcellular resolution. In this paper, we review some of the techniques that have been developed for eliciting cutaneous wounds in the zebrafish, including an economical method we recently developed using a rotary tool that generates consistent and reproducible full-thickness wounds. Combined with the thousands of transgenic lines and experimental assays available in zebrafish, the ability to generate reproducible cutaneous wounds makes it possible to study key cellular and molecular events during wound healing using this powerful experimental model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Greenspan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella Cisneros
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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2
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Cao Y, Lv J, Tan Y, Chen R, Jiang X, Meng D, Zou K, Pan M, Tang L. Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117673. [PMID: 38158096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tribuloside, a natural flavonoid extracted from Chinese medicine Tribulus terrestris L., has shown potent efficacy in treating various diseases. In China, the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. have long been utilized for relieving headache, dizziness, itchiness, and vitiligo. Water-based extract derived from Tribulus terrestris L. can enhance melanogenesis in mouse hair follicle melanocytes by elevating the expression of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and melanocortin-1 recepter (MC-1R). Nevertheless, there is a lack of information regarding the impact of tribuloside on pigmentation in both laboratory settings and living organisms. AIM OF THE STUDY The present research aimed to examine the impact of tribuloside on pigmentation, and delve into the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the administration of tribuloside in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMCs), we utilized microplate reader, Masson-Fontana ammoniacal silver stain, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to measure melanin contents, dendrite lengths, melanosome counts; L-DOPA oxidation assay to indicate tyrosinase activity, Western blotting to evaluate the expression of melanogenic and associated phosphodiesterase (PDE)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway proteins. A PDE-Glo assay to verify the inhibitory effect of tribuloside on PDE was also conducted. Additionally, we examined the impact of tribuloside on the pigmentation in both zebrafish model and human skin samples. RESULTS Tribuloside had a notable impact on the production of melanin in melanocytes, zebrafish, and human skin samples. These functions might be attributed to the inhibitory effect of tribuloside on PDE, which could increase the intracellular level of cAMP to stimulate the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding (CREB). Once activated, it induced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and increased the expression of tyrosinase, Rab27a and cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42), ultimately facilitating melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity, and melanin transport. CONCLUSION Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity, and melanosome transport; meanwhile, tribuloside does not have any toxic effects on cells and may be introduced into clinical prescriptions to promote pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Duo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Lv J, Zhang X, An X, Cao Y, Meng D, Zou K, Gao R, Zhang R. The inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization promotes pigmentation through the CaMK-CRTCs/CREB-MITF pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113874. [PMID: 38070860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) forms an oligomeric structure on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which plays critical roles in many physiological processes. Research studies have demonstrated that the knockout of VDAC1 increases pigment content and up-regulates the expression of melanogenic genes. Due to its involvement in various physiological processes, the depletion of VDAC1 has significant detrimental effects on cellular functions and the inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization has recently emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of several diseases. In this study, we found that VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitors, VBIT-12 and NSC-15364, promote melanogenesis, dendrite formation and melanosome transport in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMCs). Mechanistically, treatment of HEMCs with an oligomerization inhibitor increased the level of cytoplasmic calcium ions, which activated calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and led to the phosphorylation of CREB and the nuclear translocation of CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs). Subsequently, CRTCs, p-CREB and CREB-binding protein (CBP) in the nucleus cooperatively recruit the transcription machinery to initiate the transcription of MITF thus promoting pigmentation. Importantly, our study also demonstrates that VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitors increase pigmentation in zebrafish and in human skin explants, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for skin pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China; Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Duo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Kun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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4
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He Q, He Y, Li C, Wang J, Xia T, Xiong X, Xu J, Liu L. Downregulated BIRC5 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of melanoma through the β-catenin/HIF-1α/VEGF/MMPs pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16797-16809. [PMID: 37728702 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma is a malignant skin tumor caused by melanocytes and associated with high mortality rates. This study aims to investigate the specific mechanism of ZWZ-3 in melanoma proliferation and metastasis. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to identify the effect of ZWZ-3 on gene expression. siRNA was used to inhibit BIRC5 gene expression in the B16F10 cell line. A zebrafish tumor model was used to assess the therapeutic effect of ZWZ-3 in vivo. Mechanistic insights into the inhibition of tumor metastasis by ZWZ-3 were obtained through analysis of tumor tissue sections in mice. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that ZWZ-3 suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and migration. We performed RNA sequencing in melanoma cells after the treatment with ZWZ-3 and found that Birc5, which is closely associated with tumor metastasis, was significantly down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis and the immuno-histochemical results of tissue chips for melanoma further confirmed the high expression of BIRC5 in melanoma and its effect on disease progression. Moreover, Birc5 knock-down significantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation and metastasis, which was correlated with the β-catenin/HIF-1α/VEGF/MMPs pathway. Additionally, ZWZ-3 significantly inhibited tumor growth in the zebrafish tumor model without any evident side effects. Histological and immuno-histochemical analyses revealed that ZWZ-3 inhibited tumor cell metastasis by down-regulating HIF-1α, VEGF, and MMP9. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that ZWZ-3 could downregulate BIRC5 and inhibit melanoma proliferation and metastasis through the β-catenin/HIF-1α/VEGF/MMPs pathway. Therefore, BIRC5 represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing He
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yijing He
- Department of Science and Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Changqiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jixiang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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5
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Bian WP, Xie SL, Wang C, Martinovich GG, Ma YB, Jia PP, Pei DS. mitfa deficiency promotes immune vigor and potentiates antitumor effects in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109130. [PMID: 37777099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The mitfa gene is a well-known transcription factor associated with microphthalmia and is essential for early melanophore development. However, little is known about how mitfa affects the immune system. Here, we generated a novel mitfa knock-out zebrafish line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The mitfa-/- zebrafish exhibited reduced melanin levels compared to the nacre mutant. We investigated the impact on the immune system after exposure to Edwardsiella tarda and bifenazate in zebrafish larvae, and observed that the macrophage numbers were reduced in both treated groups. Remarkably, the expression levels of immune-related genes exhibited significant increases after bacterial challenge or bifenazate exposure in the mitfa-/- zebrafish, except for tlr4 and rela. Furthermore, we conducted xenograft experiments using mouse B16 melanoma cells. Notably, the cancer cells didn't show a high cell migration ratio, implying that the immune system was highly activated after the loss of mifta. Taken together, our findings suggest that mitfa-/- zebrafish serve as a valuable model for investigating the relationship between the immune system and melanocytes, providing new insights into the role of mitfa in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Bian
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shao-Lin Xie
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | | | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Sun C, Wang J, Xia T, Sun Q, He Y, Wang H, He Q, Liu L. Mitochondrion-Targeted NIR Therapeutic Agent Suppresses Melanoma by Inducing Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via E2F/Cyclin/CDK Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121589. [PMID: 36559040 PMCID: PMC9786161 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer worldwide, and earlier diagnosis and more effective therapies are required to improve prognosis. As a possible solution, near-infrared fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dyes have been shown to be useful for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Here, we synthesized a novel theranostic agent, IR-817, a multifunctional bioactive small-molecule that has near-infrared emission, targets mitochondria in cancer cells, and has selective anti-cancer effects. In in vitro experiments, IR-817 preferentially accumulated in melanoma cells through organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters but also selectively inhibited the growth of tumor cells by inducing mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptosis. Mechanistically, IR-817 caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by targeting the E2F/Cyclin/CDK pathway. Finally, IR-817 significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in zebrafish and mice. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that IR-817 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation without notable side effects. Therefore, mitochondrial-targeting theranostic agent IR-817 may be promising for accurate tumor diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and safe anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
| | - Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
| | - Yijing He
- Department of Science and Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hailan Wang
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
| | - Qizhou He
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646610, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-159-0836-2735 (Q.H.); +86-193-3860-9127 (L.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-159-0836-2735 (Q.H.); +86-193-3860-9127 (L.L.)
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7
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Cakan-Akdogan G, Ersoz E, Sozer SC, Gelinci E. An in vivo zebrafish model reveals circulating tumor cell targeting capacity of serum albumin nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Pardo-Sánchez I, García-Moreno D, Mulero V. Zebrafish Models to Study the Crosstalk between Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase-Derived Oxidative Stress in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071277. [PMID: 35883768 PMCID: PMC9311651 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to increase. In the early stages of melanoma, when the malignant cells have not spread to lymph nodes, they can be removed by simple surgery and there is usually low recurrence. Melanoma has a high mortality rate due to its ability to metastasize; once melanoma has spread, it becomes a major health complication. For these reasons, it is important to study how healthy melanocytes transform into melanoma cells, how they interact with the immune system, which mechanisms they use to escape immunosurveillance, and, finally, how they spread and colonize other tissues, metastasizing. Inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma, but it is not yet clear under which conditions they are beneficial or detrimental. Models capable of studying the relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the early steps of melanocyte transformation are urgently needed, as they are expected to help recognize premetastatic lesions in patients by improving both early detection and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Pardo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Méndez-Maldonado K, Velasco I, Aybar MJ. The crucial role of model systems in understanding the complexity of cell signaling in human neurocristopathies. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1537. [PMID: 35023327 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful to study the molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development. Cell-based study models have emerged as an alternative approach to study many aspects of human embryonic development and disease. The neural crest (NC) is a transient, multipotent, and migratory embryonic cell population that generates a diverse group of cell types that arises during vertebrate development. The abnormal formation or development of the NC results in neurocristopathies (NCPs), which are characterized by a broad spectrum of functional and morphological alterations. The impaired molecular mechanisms that give rise to these multiphenotypic diseases are not entirely clear yet. This fact, added to the high incidence of these disorders in the newborn population, has led to the development of systematic approaches for their understanding. In this article, we have systematically reviewed the ways in which experimentation with different animal and cell model systems has improved our knowledge of NCPs, and how these advances might contribute to the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the treatment of these pathologies. This article is categorized under: Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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10
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Bauer B, Mally A, Liedtke D. Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13417. [PMID: 34948215 PMCID: PMC8707050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Angela Mally
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Daniel Liedtke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Kim GHJ, Melgoza A, Jiang F, Guo S. The effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on organ-specific ace2 expression in zebrafish and its implications for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23670. [PMID: 34880395 PMCID: PMC8655050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections that result in serious conditions or death, many have pre-existing conditions such as hypertension and are on renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors. The angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE2), a key protein of the RAAS pathway, also mediates cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. RAAS inhibitors might affect the expression levels of ace2, which could impact patient susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. However, multi-organ-specific information is currently lacking and no species other than rodents have been examined. To address this knowledge gap, we treated adult zebrafish with the RAAS inhibitors aliskiren, olmesartan, and captopril for 7 consecutive days and performed qRT-PCR analysis of major RAAS pathway genes in the brain, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, and liver. Both olmesartan and captopril significantly increased ace2 expression in the heart, gill, and kidney. Olmesartan also increased ace2 expression in the intestine. Conversely, aliskiren significantly decreased ace2 expression in the heart. Discontinuation of compound treatments for 7 days did not return ace2 expression to baseline levels. While potential risks or benefits of antihypertensive RAAS inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remain uncertain, this study provides new insights regarding the impact of RAAS inhibitors on organ-specific ace2 expression in another vertebrate model, thereby providing comparative data and laying scientific groundwork for future clinical decisions of RAAS inhibitor use in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha-Hyun J Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Adam Melgoza
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in Biological Sciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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12
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Wang C, Liu S, Tang KFJ, Zhang Q. Natural infection of covert mortality nodavirus affects Zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1315-1324. [PMID: 34101847 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV), a novel aquatic pathogen, causes viral covert mortality disease (VCMD) in shrimps and also known to infect farmed marine fish. To date, there has no report regarding the ability of this virus to infect freshwater fish. In this study, we screened and discovered CMNV-positive freshwater zebrafish individuals by reverse transcription-nested PCR (RT-nPCR). The sequence of CMNV amplicons from zebrafish was found to share 99% identity with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of the original CMNV isolate. Histopathological examination of the CMNV-positive zebrafish samples revealed extensive vacuolation and karyopyknosis lesions in the retina of the eye and the midbrain mesencephalon. CMNV-like virus particles were visualized in these tissues under transmission electron microscope. Different degrees of pathological damages were also found in muscle, gills, thymus and ovarian tissues. Strong positive signals of CMNV probe were observed in these infected tissues by in situ hybridization. Overall, all results indicated that zebrafish, an acknowledged model organism, could be infected naturally by CMNV. Thus, it is needed to pay close attention to the possible interference of CMNV whether in assessment of toxic substances, or in studying the developmental characterization and the nerval function, when zebrafish was used as model animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kathy F J Tang
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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13
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Allouche J, Rachmin I, Adhikari K, Pardo LM, Lee JH, McConnell AM, Kato S, Fan S, Kawakami A, Suita Y, Wakamatsu K, Igras V, Zhang J, Navarro PP, Lugo CM, Noonan HR, Christie KA, Itin K, Mujahid N, Lo JA, Won CH, Evans CL, Weng QY, Wang H, Osseiran S, Lovas A, Németh I, Cozzio A, Navarini AA, Hsiao JJ, Nguyen N, Kemény LV, Iliopoulos O, Berking C, Ruzicka T, Gonzalez-José R, Bortolini MC, Canizales-Quinteros S, Acuna-Alonso V, Gallo C, Poletti G, Bedoya G, Rothhammer F, Ito S, Schiaffino MV, Chao LH, Kleinstiver BP, Tishkoff S, Zon LI, Nijsten T, Ruiz-Linares A, Fisher DE, Roider E. NNT mediates redox-dependent pigmentation via a UVB- and MITF-independent mechanism. Cell 2021; 184:4268-4283.e20. [PMID: 34233163 PMCID: PMC8349839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light and incompletely understood genetic and epigenetic variations determine skin color. Here we describe an UV- and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-independent mechanism of skin pigmentation. Targeting the mitochondrial redox-regulating enzyme nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) resulted in cellular redox changes that affect tyrosinase degradation. These changes regulate melanosome maturation and, consequently, eumelanin levels and pigmentation. Topical application of small-molecule inhibitors yielded skin darkening in human skin, and mice with decreased NNT function displayed increased pigmentation. Additionally, genetic modification of NNT in zebrafish alters melanocytic pigmentation. Analysis of four diverse human cohorts revealed significant associations of skin color, tanning, and sun protection use with various single-nucleotide polymorphisms within NNT. NNT levels were independent of UVB irradiation and redox modulation. Individuals with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation or lentigines displayed decreased skin NNT levels, suggesting an NNT-driven, redox-dependent pigmentation mechanism that can be targeted with NNT-modifying topical drugs for medical and cosmetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Allouche
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Inbal Rachmin
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kaustubh Adhikari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luba M Pardo
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Korea
| | - Alicia M McConnell
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shinichiro Kato
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Immunology, Center for 5D Cell Dynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shaohua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yusuke Suita
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Vivien Igras
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jianming Zhang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Paula P Navarro
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Camila Makhlouta Lugo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haley R Noonan
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen A Christie
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaspar Itin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nisma Mujahid
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; University of Utah, Department of Dermatology, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lo
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 05505 Seoul, Korea
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Qing Yu Weng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hequn Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Sam Osseiran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alyssa Lovas
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - István Németh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antonio Cozzio
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer J Hsiao
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruzicka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolando Gonzalez-José
- Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas-Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn U912OACD, Argentina
| | - Maria-Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Carla Gallo
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Giovanni Poletti
- Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 5001000, Colombia
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000009, Chile; Programa de Genetica Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 1027, Chile
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Maria Vittoria Schiaffino
- Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Luke H Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Tishkoff
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tamar Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; UMR 7268, CNRS-EFS-ADES, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13005, France
| | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Roider
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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14
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Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. While clinical developments have significantly improved patient prognosis, effective treatment is often obstructed by limited response rates, intrinsic or acquired resistance to therapy, and adverse events. Melanoma initiation and progression are associated with transcriptional reprogramming of melanocytes to a cell state that resembles the lineage from which the cells are specified during development, that is the neural crest. Convergence to a neural crest cell (NCC)-like state revealed the therapeutic potential of targeting developmental pathways for the treatment of melanoma. Neural crest cells have a unique sensitivity to metabolic dysregulation, especially nucleotide depletion. Mutations in the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) particularly affect neural crest-derived tissues and cause Miller syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations in patients. The developmental susceptibility of the neural crest to nucleotide deficiency is conserved in melanoma and provides a metabolic vulnerability that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. We review the current knowledge on nucleotide stress responses in neural crest and melanoma and discuss how the recent scientific advances that have improved our understanding of transcriptional regulation during nucleotide depletion can impact melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sporrij
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Badrock AP, Hurlstone A. Dissecting Oncogenic RAS Signaling in Melanoma Development in Genetically Engineered Zebrafish Models. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2262:411-422. [PMID: 33977492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1190-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-activation of RAS signaling pathways causes cancer, including melanoma, and RAS signaling pathways have been successfully targeted using drugs for patient benefit. The available drugs alone cannot cure cancer, however, and so investigation continues into RAS signaling pathways, with the goal of identifying further actionable targets. The zebrafish can be used to model human malignancies, and genetic modification of zebrafish to incorporate selective disease-associated genetic alterations is practicable. The following article describes the methods we are using to genetically modify zebrafish in order to dissect oncogenic RAS signaling in melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Badrock
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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16
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Patton EE, Mueller KL, Adams DJ, Anandasabapathy N, Aplin AE, Bertolotto C, Bosenberg M, Ceol CJ, Burd CE, Chi P, Herlyn M, Holmen SL, Karreth FA, Kaufman CK, Khan S, Kobold S, Leucci E, Levy C, Lombard DB, Lund AW, Marie KL, Marine JC, Marais R, McMahon M, Robles-Espinoza CD, Ronai ZA, Samuels Y, Soengas MS, Villanueva J, Weeraratna AT, White RM, Yeh I, Zhu J, Zon LI, Hurlbert MS, Merlino G. Melanoma models for the next generation of therapies. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:610-631. [PMID: 33545064 PMCID: PMC8378471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of appropriate melanoma models that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic modalities. Here, we discuss the current state of the art of melanoma models including genetically engineered mouse, patient-derived xenograft, zebrafish, and ex vivo and in vitro models. We also identify five major challenges that can be addressed using such models, including metastasis and tumor dormancy, drug resistance, the melanoma immune response, and the impact of aging and environmental exposures on melanoma progression and drug resistance. Additionally, we discuss the opportunity for building models for rare subtypes of melanomas, which represent an unmet critical need. Finally, we identify key recommendations for melanoma models that may improve accuracy of preclinical testing and predict efficacy in clinical trials, to help usher in the next generation of melanoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit and Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Kristen L Mueller
- Melanoma Research Alliance, 730 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Department of Dermatology, Meyer Cancer Center, Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10026, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team 1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Pathology, and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Craig J Ceol
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Christin E Burd
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology, and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Biomedical Research Tower, Room 918, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sheri L Holmen
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Florian A Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Department of Developmental Biology, McDonnell Science Building, 4518 McKinley Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, LKI, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Trace, Department of Oncology, LKI, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmit Levy
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Gerontology, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amanda W Lund
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Marais
- CRUK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Martin McMahon
- Department of Dermatology & Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maria S Soengas
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessie Villanueva
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard M White
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiyue Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc S Hurlbert
- Melanoma Research Alliance, 730 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Bergo V, Trompouki E. New tools for 'ZEBRA-FISHING'. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab001. [PMID: 33605988 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has been established as a classical model for developmental studies, yet in the past years, with the explosion of novel technological methods, the use of zebrafish as a model has expanded. One of the prominent fields that took advantage of zebrafish as a model organism early on is hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell generation from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In zebrafish, HSPCs are born early during development in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and then translocate to the caudal hematopoietic tissue, where they expand and finally take residence in the kidney marrow. This journey is tightly regulated at multiple levels from extracellular signals to chromatin. In order to delineate the mechanistic underpinnings of this process, next-generation sequencing techniques could be an important ally. Here, we describe genome-wide approaches that have been undertaken to delineate zebrafish hematopoiesis.
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18
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Sun L. COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma: an oncogene that accelerates the malignant development of tumor cells and predicts poor prognosis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:242-250. [PMID: 33604618 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the roles of COP9 signalosome subunit 8 (COPS8) and its underlying mechanism in cutaneous melanoma. Bioinformatics tools were utilized to analyze the expression of COPS8 in cutaneous melanoma, while Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed to assess the correlation between COPS8 and patients' overall survival. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were estimated by CCK8, colony formation, and Transwell assays. Western blot was used to check the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Results showed that COPS8 was up-regulated and predicted a poor clinical outcome for cutaneous melanoma patients. Knockdown of COPS8 inhibited cutaneous melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of COPS8 resulted in the opposite outcomes. The up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail were caused by silencing COPS8 while their expression showed contrary trends in cells with overexpressed COPS8. Collectively, COPS8 is up-regulated and promotes cutaneous melanoma progression via regulating EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, No. 9 ZhongKang street, Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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19
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Fazio M, van Rooijen E, Dang M, van de Hoek G, Ablain J, Mito JK, Yang S, Thomas A, Michael J, Fabo T, Modhurima R, Pessina P, Kaufman CK, Zhou Y, White RM, Zon LI. SATB2 induction of a neural crest mesenchyme-like program drives melanoma invasion and drug resistance. eLife 2021; 10:64370. [PMID: 33527896 PMCID: PMC7880683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genomic and scRNA-seq analyses of melanoma demonstrated a lack of recurrent genetic drivers of metastasis, while identifying common transcriptional states correlating with invasion or drug resistance. To test whether transcriptional adaptation can drive melanoma progression, we made use of a zebrafish mitfa:BRAFV600E;tp53-/- model, in which malignant progression is characterized by minimal genetic evolution. We undertook an overexpression-screen of 80 epigenetic/transcriptional regulators and found neural crest-mesenchyme developmental regulator SATB2 to accelerate aggressive melanoma development. Its overexpression induces invadopodia formation and invasion in zebrafish tumors and human melanoma cell lines. SATB2 binds and activates neural crest-regulators, including pdgfab and snai2. The transcriptional program induced by SATB2 overlaps with known MITFlowAXLhigh and AQP1+NGFR1high drug-resistant states and functionally drives enhanced tumor propagation and resistance to Vemurafenib in vivo. In summary, we show that melanoma transcriptional rewiring by SATB2 to a neural crest mesenchyme-like program can drive invasion and drug resistance in autochthonous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Fazio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michelle Dang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Glenn van de Hoek
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Julien Ablain
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jeffrey K Mito
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Pathology, Boston, United States
| | - Song Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew Thomas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jonathan Michael
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Tania Fabo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Rodsy Modhurima
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Patrizia Pessina
- Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Charles K Kaufman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, United States
| | - Yi Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
| | - Richard M White
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, United States
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20
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Gurung S, Dubansky B, Virgen CA, Verbeck GF, Murphy DW. Effects of crude oil vapors on the cardiovascular flow of embryonic Gulf killifish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141627. [PMID: 33181982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Direct contact with toxicants in crude oil during embryogenesis causes cardiovascular defects, but the effects of exposure to airborne volatile organic compounds released from spilled oil are not well understood. The effects of crude oil-derived airborne toxicants on peripheral blood flow were examined in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) since this model completes embryogenesis in the air. Particle image velocimetry was used to measure in vivo blood flow in intersegmental arteries of control and oil-exposed embryos. Significant effects in oil-exposed embryos included increased pulse rate, reduced mean blood flow speed and volumetric flow rate, and decreased pulsatility, demonstrating that normal-appearing oil-exposed embryos retain underlying cardiovascular defects. Further, hematocrit moderately increased in oil-exposed embryos. This study highlights the potential for fine-scale physiological measurement techniques to better understand the sub-lethal effects of oil exposure and demonstrates the efficacy of Gulf killifish as a unique teleost model for aerial toxicant exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Gurung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Benjamin Dubansky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Camila A Virgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - David W Murphy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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21
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Minnoye L, Taskiran II, Mauduit D, Fazio M, Van Aerschot L, Hulselmans G, Christiaens V, Makhzami S, Seltenhammer M, Karras P, Primot A, Cadieu E, van Rooijen E, Marine JC, Egidy G, Ghanem GE, Zon L, Wouters J, Aerts S. Cross-species analysis of enhancer logic using deep learning. Genome Res 2020; 30:1815-1834. [PMID: 32732264 PMCID: PMC7706731 DOI: 10.1101/gr.260844.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the genomic regulatory code of enhancers is a key challenge in biology because this code underlies cellular identity. A better understanding of how enhancers work will improve the interpretation of noncoding genome variation and empower the generation of cell type-specific drivers for gene therapy. Here, we explore the combination of deep learning and cross-species chromatin accessibility profiling to build explainable enhancer models. We apply this strategy to decipher the enhancer code in melanoma, a relevant case study owing to the presence of distinct melanoma cell states. We trained and validated a deep learning model, called DeepMEL, using chromatin accessibility data of 26 melanoma samples across six different species. We show the accuracy of DeepMEL predictions on the CAGI5 challenge, where it significantly outperforms existing models on the melanoma enhancer of IRF4 Next, we exploit DeepMEL to analyze enhancer architectures and identify accurate transcription factor binding sites for the core regulatory complexes in the two different melanoma states, with distinct roles for each transcription factor, in terms of nucleosome displacement or enhancer activation. Finally, DeepMEL identifies orthologous enhancers across distantly related species, where sequence alignment fails, and the model highlights specific nucleotide substitutions that underlie enhancer turnover. DeepMEL can be used from the Kipoi database to predict and optimize candidate enhancers and to prioritize enhancer mutations. In addition, our computational strategy can be applied to other cancer or normal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Minnoye
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim Ihsan Taskiran
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Mauduit
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurizio Fazio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Linde Van Aerschot
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Hulselmans
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Christiaens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samira Makhzami
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monika Seltenhammer
- Center for Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Livestock Sciences (NUWI) - BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Panagiotis Karras
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aline Primot
- CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Faculty of Medicine, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Edouard Cadieu
- CNRS-University of Rennes 1, UMR6290, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Faculty of Medicine, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ellen van Rooijen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Egidy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRA, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ghanem-Elias Ghanem
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leonard Zon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stem Cell Program and the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jasper Wouters
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Ma Y, Duan J, Hao X. Down-regulated HDAC3 elevates microRNA-495-3p to restrain epithelial-mesenchymal transition and oncogenicity of melanoma cells via reducing TRAF5. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12933-12944. [PMID: 33048450 PMCID: PMC7701519 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers in biological processes and the role of miR‐495‐3p has been identified in melanoma, while the detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be further explored. We aim to explore the effect of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and miR‐495‐3p on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and oncogenicity of melanoma cells by regulating tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 5 (TRAF5). Levels of HDAC3, miR‐495‐3p and TRAF5 in melanoma tissues and pigmented nevus tissues were determined, and the predictive roles of HDAC3 and miR‐495‐3p in prognosis of melanoma patients were measured. The melanoma cells were screened and transfected with relative oligonucleotides and plasmids, and the expression of HDAC3, miR‐495‐3p and TRAF5, and phenotypes of melanoma cells were gauged by a series of assays. The relations between HDAC3 and miR‐495‐3p, and between miR‐495‐3p and TRAF5 were confirmed. HDAC3 and TRAF5 were increased while miR‐495‐3p was decreased in melanoma cells and tissues, and the low expression of miR‐495‐3p as well as high expression of HDAC3 indicated a poor prognosis of melanoma patients. Inhibited HDAC3 elevated miR‐495‐3p to suppress EMT and oncogenicity of melanoma cells by reducing TRAF5. HDAC3 particularly bound to miR‐495‐3p and TRAF5 was the target gene of miR‐495‐3p. Our results revealed that down‐regulated HDAC3 elevates miR‐495‐3p to suppress malignant phenotypes of melanoma cells by inhibiting TRAF5, thereby repressing EMT progression of melanoma cells. This study may provide novel targets for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Ma
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jincheng Duan
- Department of stomatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiuyan Hao
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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23
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Li D, Liu Y, Hao S, Chen B, Li A. Mining database for the clinical significance and prognostic value of CBX family in skin cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23537. [PMID: 32860274 PMCID: PMC7755763 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with high invasiveness. Chromobox (CBX) family are involved in the regulation of the tumorigenesis, progression, invasion, and apoptosis of many malignancies. METHODS The clinical significance and prognostic value of CBX family in SKCM were analyzed via a series of databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER, GSCALite, DAVID 6.8, GeneMANIA, and LinkedOmics. RESULTS We found that the level of CBX2, CBX3, CBX5, and CBX6 was upregulated while the level of CBX7 and CBX8 was downregulated in tumor tissues in SKCM. Moreover, the mRNA expression of CBX1 and CBX2 was significantly associated with the pathological stage in SKCM. Prognosis analysis revealed that SKCM patients with high CBX5 level and low CBX7 level had a poor prognosis. Immune infiltrations analysis revealed that the expression of CBX family was associated with the abundance of certain immune cells in SKCM. We also found that CBX family were associated with the activation of cell cycle pathway and DNA damage response, and the inhibition of apoptosis pathway. Moreover, enrichment analysis revealed that CBX family and correlated genes were enriched in chromatin modification, PcG protein complex, transcription coactivator activity, protein binding, and RNA splicing. Several Kinase targets (ATM, CDK1, and PLK1) and miRNA targets (MIR-331, MIR-296, and MIR-496) of CBX family were also identified. CONCLUSION Our study may uncover CBX family-associated molecular mechanisms involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of SKCM and provide additional choice for the prognosis and therapy biomarker for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Center, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - YiRan Liu
- The Third Institute of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - AnHai Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
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24
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Johansson JA, Marie KL, Lu Y, Brombin A, Santoriello C, Zeng Z, Zich J, Gautier P, von Kriegsheim A, Brunsdon H, Wheeler AP, Dreger M, Houston DR, Dooley CM, Sims AH, Busch-Nentwich EM, Zon LI, Illingworth RS, Patton EE. PRL3-DDX21 Transcriptional Control of Endolysosomal Genes Restricts Melanocyte Stem Cell Differentiation. Dev Cell 2020; 54:317-332.e9. [PMID: 32652076 PMCID: PMC7435699 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanocytes, replenished throughout life by melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), play a critical role in pigmentation and melanoma. Here, we reveal a function for the metastasis-associated phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) in MSC regeneration. We show that PRL3 binds to the RNA helicase DDX21, thereby restricting productive transcription by RNAPII at master transcription factor (MITF)-regulated endolysosomal vesicle genes. In zebrafish, this mechanism controls premature melanoblast expansion and differentiation from MSCs. In melanoma patients, restricted transcription of this endolysosomal vesicle pathway is a hallmark of PRL3-high melanomas. Our work presents the conceptual advance that PRL3-mediated control of transcriptional elongation is a differentiation checkpoint mechanism for activated MSCs and has clinical relevance for the activity of PRL3 in regenerating tissue and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Johansson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kerrie L Marie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuting Lu
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Cristina Santoriello
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology, Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Judith Zich
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ann P Wheeler
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marcel Dreger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Douglas R Houston
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Waddington Building, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Christopher M Dooley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, Department ECNV, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology, Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Robert S Illingworth
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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25
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Cao HH, Liu DY, Lai YC, Chen YY, Yu LZ, Shao M, Liu JS. Inhibition of the STAT3 Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Anti-Melanoma Activities of Shikonin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:748. [PMID: 32536866 PMCID: PMC7267064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant melanoma is an extremely aggressive and metastatic cancer, and highly resistant to conventional therapies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling promotes melanoma development and progression, which has been validated as an effective target in melanoma treatment. Natural naphthoquinone shikonin is reported to exert anti-melanoma effects. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Purpose This study aims to evaluate the anti-melanoma activities of shikonin and explore the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. Methods Zebrafish tumor model was established to evaluate the anti-human melanoma effects of shikonin in vivo. MTT assay and colony formation assay were employed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of shikonin on human melanoma A375 and A2058 cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis induction. Wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay were conducted to examine the cell migratory and invasive abilities. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe F-actin, Tubulin, and STAT3 localization. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and key proteins in the STAT3 signaling pathway. Immunoblotting was performed in DSS cross-linked cells to determine the homo-dimerization of STAT3. Gelatin zymography was employed to evaluate the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Transient transfection was used to overexpress STAT3 in cell models. Results Shikonin suppressed melanoma growth in cultured cells and in zebrafish xenograft models. Shikonin induced melanoma cells apoptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic study indicated that shikonin inhibited the phosphorylation and homo-dimerization of STAT3, thus reduced its nuclear localization. Further study showed that shikonin decreased the levels of STAT3-targeted genes Mcl-1, Bcl-2, MMP-2, vimentin, and Twist, which are involved in melanoma survival, migration, and invasion. More importantly, overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 partially abolished the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, and anti-invasive effects of shikonin. Conclusion The anti-melanoma activity of shikonin is at least partially attributed to the inhibition on STAT3 signaling. These findings provide new insights into the anti-melanoma molecular mechanisms of shikonin, suggesting its potential in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Cao
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Yi Liu
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Cai Lai
- Guangzhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical General Factory, Guangzhou BaiYunShan Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yao Chen
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Zhong Yu
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Shao
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Shan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Pharmacological, Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Salhi A, Jordan AC, Bochaca II, Izsak A, Darvishian F, Houvras Y, Giles KM, Osman I. Oxidative Phosphorylation Promotes Primary Melanoma Invasion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1108-1117. [PMID: 32142731 PMCID: PMC7237828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dermal invasion is a hallmark of malignant melanoma. Although the molecular alterations that drive the progression of primary melanoma to metastatic disease have been studied extensively, the early progression of noninvasive primary melanoma to an invasive state is poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the transition from radial to vertical growth, the first step in melanoma invasion, we developed a zebrafish melanoma model in which constitutive activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1 drives tumor invasion. Transcriptomic analysis of ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1-activated tumors identified metabolic changes, including up-regulation of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation. Vertical growth phase human melanoma cells show higher oxygen consumption and preferential utilization of glutamine compared to radial growth phase melanoma cells. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, has been proposed as a master regulator of tumor oxidative phosphorylation. In human primary melanoma specimens, PGC1α protein expression was found to be positively associated with increased tumor thickness and expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 and the reactive oxygen species scavenger receptor class A member 3. PGC1α depletion modulated cellular processes associated with primary melanoma growth and invasion, including oxidative stress. These results support a role for PGC1α in mediating glutamine-driven oxidative phosphorylation to facilitate the invasive growth of primary melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Salhi
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alexander C Jordan
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Irineu I Bochaca
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Allison Izsak
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Keith M Giles
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Iman Osman
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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27
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Ferrero G, Gomez E, Lyer S, Rovira M, Miserocchi M, Langenau DM, Bertrand JY, Wittamer V. The macrophage-expressed gene (mpeg) 1 identifies a subpopulation of B cells in the adult zebrafish. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:431-443. [PMID: 31909502 PMCID: PMC7064944 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a1119-223r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocytic system consists of many cells, in particular macrophages, scattered throughout the body. However, there is increasing evidence for the heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages, leading to a pressing need for new tools to discriminate mononuclear phagocytic system subsets from other hematopoietic lineages. Macrophage-expressed gene (Mpeg)1.1 is an evolutionary conserved gene encoding perforin-2, a pore-forming protein associated with host defense against pathogens. Zebrafish mpeg1.1:GFP and mpeg1.1:mCherry reporters were originally established to specifically label macrophages. Since then more than 100 peer-reviewed publications have made use of mpeg1.1-driven transgenics for in vivo studies, providing new insights into key aspects of macrophage ontogeny, activation, and function. Whereas the macrophage-specific expression pattern of the mpeg1.1 promoter has been firmly established in the zebrafish embryo, it is currently not known whether this specificity is maintained through adulthood. Here we report direct evidence that beside macrophages, a subpopulation of B-lymphocytes is marked by mpeg1.1 reporters in most adult zebrafish organs. These mpeg1.1+ lymphoid cells endogenously express mpeg1.1 and can be separated from mpeg1.1+ macrophages by virtue of their light-scatter characteristics using FACS. Remarkably, our analyses also revealed that B-lymphocytes, rather than mononuclear phagocytes, constitute the main mpeg1.1-positive population in irf8null myeloid-defective mutants, which were previously reported to recover tissue-resident macrophages in adulthood. One notable exception is skin macrophages, whose development and maintenance appear to be independent from irf8, similar to mammals. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that irf8 functions in myelopoiesis are evolutionary conserved and highlight the need for alternative macrophage-specific markers to study the mononuclear phagocytic system in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Ferrero
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Gomez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sowmya Lyer
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mireia Rovira
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Miserocchi
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David M Langenau
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julien Y Bertrand
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Wittamer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,ULB Institute of Neuroscience (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Gómez-Abenza E, Ibáñez-Molero S, García-Moreno D, Fuentes I, Zon LI, Mione MC, Cayuela ML, Gabellini C, Mulero V. Zebrafish modeling reveals that SPINT1 regulates the aggressiveness of skin cutaneous melanoma and its crosstalk with tumor immune microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:405. [PMID: 31519199 PMCID: PMC6743187 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the most lethal form of skin cancer and while incidence rates are declining for most cancers, they have been steadily rising for SKCM. Serine protease inhibitor, kunitz-type, 1 (SPINT1) is a type II transmembrane serine protease inhibitor that has been shown to be involved in the development of several types of cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. METHODS We used the unique advantages of the zebrafish to model the impact of Spint1a deficiency in early transformation, progression and metastatic invasion of SKCM together with in silico analysis of the occurrence and relevance of SPINT1 genetic alterations of the SKCM TCGA cohort. RESULTS We report here a high prevalence of SPINT1 genetic alterations in SKCM patients and their association with altered tumor immune microenvironment and poor patient survival. The zebrafish model reveals that Spint1a deficiency facilitates oncogenic transformation, regulates the tumor immune microenvironment crosstalk, accelerates the onset of SKCM and promotes metastatic invasion. Notably, Spint1a deficiency is required at both cell autonomous and non-autonomous levels to enhance invasiveness of SKCM. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a novel therapeutic target for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gómez-Abenza
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sofía Ibáñez-Molero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fuentes
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA USA
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maria C. Mione
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Biology, Cibio, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - María L. Cayuela
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Present Address: Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, S.S. 12 Abetone e Brennero 4, Pisa, Italy
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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29
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Lee GH, Chang CL, Chiu WT, Hsiao TH, Chen PY, Wang KC, Kuo CH, Chen BH, Shi GY, Wu HL, Fu TF. A thrombomodulin-like gene is crucial to the collective migration of epibolic blastomeres during germ layer formation and organogenesis in zebrafish. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:60. [PMID: 31451113 PMCID: PMC6709559 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane protein, has long been known for its anticoagulant activity. Recent studies showed that TM displays multifaceted activities, including the involvement in cell adhesion and collective cell migration in vitro. However, whether TM contributes similarly to these biological processes in vivo remains elusive. Methods We adapted zebrafish, a prominent animal model for studying molecular/cellular activity, embryonic development, diseases mechanism and drug discovery, to examine how TM functions in modulating cell migration during germ layer formation, a normal and crucial physiological process involving massive cell movement in the very early stages of life. In addition, an in vivo assay was developed to examine the anti-hemostatic activity of TM in zebrafish larva. Results We found that zebrafish TM-b, a zebrafish TM-like protein, was expressed mainly in vasculatures and displayed anti-hemostatic activity. Knocking-down TM-b led to malformation of multiple organs, including vessels, heart, blood cells and neural tissues. Delayed epiboly and incoherent movement of yolk syncytial layer were also observed in early TM-b morphants. Whole mount immunostaining revealed the co-localization of TM-b with both actin and microtubules in epibolic blastomeres. Single-cell tracking revealed impeded migration of blastomeres during epiboly in TM-b-deficient embryos. Conclusion Our results showed that TM-b is crucial to the collective migration of blastomeres during germ layer formation. The structural and functional compatibility and conservation between zebrafish TM-b and mammalian TM support the properness of using zebrafish as an in vivo platform for studying the biological significance and medical use of TM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12929-019-0549-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Hui Lee
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chieh Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Safety/ Hygiene and Risk Management College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Yueh Shi
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Research Center College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.
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30
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Expression Signatures of Cisplatin- and Trametinib-Treated Early-Stage Medaka Melanomas. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2267-2276. [PMID: 31101653 PMCID: PMC6643878 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small aquarium fish models provide useful systems not only for a better understanding of the molecular basis of many human diseases, but also for first-line screening to identify new drug candidates. For testing new chemical substances, current strategies mostly rely on easy to perform and efficient embryonic screens. Cancer, however, is a disease that develops mainly during juvenile and adult stage. Long-term treatment and the challenge to monitor changes in tumor phenotype make testing of large chemical libraries in juvenile and adult animals cost prohibitive. We hypothesized that changes in the gene expression profile should occur early during anti-tumor treatment, and the disease-associated transcriptional change should provide a reliable readout that can be utilized to evaluate drug-induced effects. For the current study, we used a previously established medaka melanoma model. As proof of principle, we showed that exposure of melanoma developing fish to the drugs cisplatin or trametinib, known cancer therapies, for a period of seven days is sufficient to detect treatment-induced changes in gene expression. By examining whole body transcriptome responses we provide a novel route toward gene panels that recapitulate anti-tumor outcomes thus allowing a screening of thousands of drugs using a whole-body vertebrate model. Our results suggest that using disease-associated transcriptional change to screen therapeutic molecules in small fish model is viable and may be applied to pre-clinical research and development stages in new drug discovery.
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31
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Etchevers HC, Dupin E, Le Douarin NM. The diverse neural crest: from embryology to human pathology. Development 2019; 146:146/5/dev169821. [PMID: 30858200 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We review here some of the historical highlights in exploratory studies of the vertebrate embryonic structure known as the neural crest. The study of the molecular properties of the cells that it produces, their migratory capacities and plasticity, and the still-growing list of tissues that depend on their presence for form and function, continue to enrich our understanding of congenital malformations, paediatric cancers and evolutionary biology. Developmental biology has been key to our understanding of the neural crest, starting with the early days of experimental embryology and through to today, when increasingly powerful technologies contribute to further insight into this fascinating vertebrate cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Dupin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicole M Le Douarin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
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32
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Klotz B, Kneitz S, Regensburger M, Hahn L, Dannemann M, Kelso J, Nickel B, Lu Y, Boswell W, Postlethwait J, Warren W, Kunz M, Walter RB, Schartl M. Expression signatures of early-stage and advanced medaka melanomas. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 208:20-28. [PMID: 29162497 PMCID: PMC5936653 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive tumors with a very low survival rate once metastasized. The incidence of newly detected cases increases every year suggesting the necessity of development and application of innovative treatment strategies. Human melanoma develops from melanocytes localized in the epidermis of the skin to malignant tumors because of deregulated effectors influencing several molecular pathways. Despite many advances in describing the molecular changes accompanying melanoma formation, many critical and clinically relevant molecular features of the transformed pigment cells and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular processes of melanoma formation, we use a transgenic medaka melanoma model that is well suited for the investigation of melanoma tumor development because fish and human melanocytes are both localized in the epidermis. The purpose of our study was to gain insights into melanoma development from the first steps of tumor formation up to melanoma progression and to identify gene expression patterns that will be useful for monitoring treatment effects in drug screening approaches. Comparing transcriptomes from juvenile fish at the tumor initiating stage with nevi and advanced melanoma of adults, we identified stage specific expression signatures and pathways that are characteristic for the development of medaka melanoma, and are also found in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Klotz
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Regensburger
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Lena Hahn
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Janet Kelso
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Birgit Nickel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Yuan Lu
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - William Boswell
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, OR 97401, USA
| | - Wesley Warren
- Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd., St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald B. Walter
- The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 419 Centennial Hall, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Manfred Schartl, Tel.: +49 931 31 84148; fax: +49 931 31 84150. (M. Schartl)
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Meyers
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Colgate University; Hamilton New York
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34
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Drummond BE, Wingert RA. Scaling up to study brca2: the zeppelin zebrafish mutant reveals a role for brca2 in embryonic development of kidney mesoderm. CANCER CELL & MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 5:e1630. [PMID: 29707605 PMCID: PMC5922780 DOI: 10.14800/ccm.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Specialized renal epithelial cells known as podocytes are essential components of the filtering structures within the kidney that coordinate the process of removing waste from the bloodstream. Podocyte loss initiates many human kidney diseases as it triggers subsequent damage to the kidney, leading to progressive loss of function that culminates with end stage renal failure. Podocyte morphology, function and gene expression profiles are well conserved between zebrafish and humans, making the former a relevant model to study podocyte development and model kidney diseases. Recently, we reported that whole genome sequencing of the zeppelin (zep) zebrafish mutant, which exhibits podocyte abrogation, revealed that the causative lesion for this defect was a splicing mutation in the breast cancer 2, early onset (brca2) gene. This was a surprising and novel discovery, as previous research on brca2/BRCA2 in a number of vertebrate animal models had not implicated an explicit role for this gene in kidney mesoderm development. Interestingly, the abrogation of the podocyte lineage in zep mutants was also accompanied by the formation of a larger interrenal (IR) gland, which is analogous to the adrenal gland in mammals, and suggested a fate switch between the renal and inter renal mesodermal derivatives. Mirroring these findings, knockdown of brca2 also recapitulated the loss of podocytes and increased IR population. In addition, brca2 overexpression was sufficient to partially rescue podocytes in zep mutants, and induced ectopic podocyte formation in wild-type embryos. Interestingly, immunofluorescence studies indicated that zep mutants had elevated P-h2A.X levels, suggesting that DNA repair is dysfunctional in these animals and contributes to the zep phenotype. Moving forward, this unique zebrafish mutant provides a new model to further explore how brca2 contributes to the development of tissues including the kidney mesoderm-roles which may have implications for renal diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette E Drummond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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35
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Gutiérrez-Lovera C, Vázquez-Ríos AJ, Guerra-Varela J, Sánchez L, de la Fuente M. The Potential of Zebrafish as a Model Organism for Improving the Translation of Genetic Anticancer Nanomedicines. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E349. [PMID: 29182542 PMCID: PMC5748667 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the field of nanomedicine applied to cancer has revolutionized cancer treatment: several nanoformulations have already reached the market and are routinely being used in the clinical practice. In the case of genetic nanomedicines, i.e., designed to deliver gene therapies to cancer cells for therapeutic purposes, advances have been less impressive. This is because of the many barriers that limit the access of the therapeutic nucleic acids to their target site, and the lack of models that would allow for an improvement in the understanding of how nanocarriers can be tailored to overcome them. Zebrafish has important advantages as a model species for the study of anticancer therapies, and have a lot to offer regarding the rational development of efficient delivery of genetic nanomedicines, and hence increasing the chances of their successful translation. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the development of genetic anticancer nanomedicines, and of the zebrafish models that stand as promising tools to shed light on their mechanisms of action and overall potential in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gutiérrez-Lovera
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - A J Vázquez-Ríos
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - J Guerra-Varela
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
- Geneaqua S.L., Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - L Sánchez
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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36
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Matsuzaki Y, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Saya H. Establishment of pten knockout medaka with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) as a model of PTEN deficiency disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186878. [PMID: 29053747 PMCID: PMC5650176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a lipid and protein phosphatase that antagonizes signaling by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT signaling pathway. The PTEN gene is a major tumor suppressor, with mutations of this gene occurring frequently in tumors of humans and mice. We have now developed mutant medaka deficient in PTEN with the use of transcription activator–like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology. Medaka possesses two pten genes, ptena and ptenb, similar to zebrafish. We established 16 ptena mutant lines and two ptenb mutant lines. Homozygous single pten mutants were found to be viable and fertile. In contrast, pten double-knockout (dko) embryos manifested severe abnormalities in vasculogenesis, eye size, and tail development at 72 hours post fertilization(hpf) and died before hatching. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the ratio of phosphorylated to total forms of AKT (pAKT/AKT) in pten dko embryos was four times that in wild-type embryos, indicative of up-regulation of signaling by the PI3K-AKT pathway. Treatment of pten dko embryos with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reduced the pAKT/AKT ratio by about one-half and partially rescued the defect in vasculogenesis. Additional inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT pathway, including rapamycin and N-α-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, also partially restored vasculogenesis in the dko embryos. Our model system thus allows pten dko embryos to be readily distinguished from wild-type embryos at an early stage of development and is suitable for the screening of drugs able to compensate for PTEN deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Matsuzaki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zebrafish in Translational Cancer Research: Insight into Leukemia, Melanoma, Glioma and Endocrine Tumor Biology. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8090236. [PMID: 28930163 PMCID: PMC5615369 DOI: 10.3390/genes8090236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, zebrafish have emerged as a powerful tool for studying human cancers. Transgenic techniques have been employed to model different types of tumors, including leukemia, melanoma, glioblastoma and endocrine tumors. These models present histopathological and molecular conservation with their human cancer counterparts and have been fundamental for understanding mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, xenotransplantation of human cancer cells in embryos or adult zebrafish offers the advantage of studying the behavior of human cancer cells in a live organism. Chemical-genetic screens using zebrafish embryos have uncovered novel druggable pathways and new therapeutic strategies, some of which are now tested in clinical trials. In this review, we will report on recent advances in using zebrafish as a model in cancer studies—with specific focus on four cancer types—where zebrafish has contributed to novel discoveries or approaches to novel therapies.
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Cooper CD. Insights from zebrafish on human pigment cell disease and treatment. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:889-896. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D. Cooper
- School of Molecular Biosciences; Washington State University Vancouver; Vancouver Washington
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Schimmenti
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Genomics, Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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