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Chaudhary R, Rohilla M, Chauhan S, Saini M, Aman S, Singla H, bibi A, Ahmed S, Shriwastav S, Kaur N, Dev J, Chalotra R, Singh TG, Mehta S. The pandemic's unseen wounds: COVID-19's profound effects on mental health. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:4954-4963. [PMID: 37811101 PMCID: PMC10552974 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, with a focus on the physiological and psychological consequences, including comorbidities. The goal is to understand the direct and indirect populations affected by mental distress and identify potential interventions. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases, including Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, PubMed, PLoS One, and Web of Science. The search utilized relevant keywords to investigate the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on mental health. The selected articles were critically evaluated and analyzed to identify key findings and insights. Main findings Mental health, being an intrinsic component of overall well-being, plays a vital role in physiological functioning. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a devastating global impact. Beyond the respiratory symptoms, individuals recovering from COVID-19 commonly experience additional ailments, such as arrhythmia, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. Healthcare professionals on the frontlines face an elevated risk of mental illness. However, it is crucial to recognize that the general population also grapples with comparable levels of mental distress. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of addressing mental health concerns. Various strategies can help mitigate the impact, including counselling, fostering open lines of communication, providing mental support, ensuring comprehensive patient care, and administering appropriate medications. In severe cases, treatment may involve the supplementation of essential vitamins and antidepressant therapy. By understanding the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on mental health, healthcare providers and policymakers can develop targeted interventions to support individuals and communities affected by the pandemic. Continued research and collaborative efforts are essential to address this pervasive issue effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manni Rohilla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Punjab
| | | | - Monika Saini
- M.M. College of Pharmacy
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Rajpura, Punjab
| | - Shahbaz Aman
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | | | | | | | - Shalini Shriwastav
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Narinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Jai Dev
- Department of Microbiology, M.M. Institute of Medical Science and Research, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana
| | - Rishabh Chalotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Sachin Mehta
- Birat Medical college Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu University, Nepal
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2
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Luo Y, Feng X, Wang D, Zheng M, Reinhardt JD. Understanding early experiences of Chinese frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A text mining and thematic analysis of social media information. Nurs Health Sci 2023; 25:389-401. [PMID: 37503817 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the early experiences of frontline nurses at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in China as expressed through social media posts. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. Text mining was used for sentiment analysis. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the composition ratio of sentiment classification of posts in different months. Word frequency was statistically analyzed. Further thematic analysis was also performed. The primary sentiments of the posts were discovered to be positive and neutral. The number of posts containing positive emotions was the lowest in January, peaked in March, and gradually declined in April 2020. The following nurse-oriented narrative themes were developed: "To see and be seen," "Moving forward amid adversity and support," and "Returning to everyday life and constructing meaning." The sentiments of Chinese nurses in response to the pandemic fluctuated, with positive emotions in the early stage, but it could not be sustained. This study recommends nurses could be encouraged to engage in expressive writing while adhering to ethical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Luo
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianqiong Feng
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jan D Reinhardt
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Jiangsu Province Hospital/Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
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3
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Nazari A, Hosseinnia M, Torkian S, Garmaroudi G. Social media and mental health in students: a cross-sectional study during the Covid-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:458. [PMID: 37349682 PMCID: PMC10286331 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media causes increased use and problems due to their attractions. Hence, it can affect mental health, especially in students. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the use of social media and the mental health of students. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 781 university students in Lorestan province, who were selected by the Convenience Sampling method. The data was collected using a questionnaire on demographic characteristics, social media, problematic use of social media, and mental health (DASS-21). Data were analyzed in SPSS-26 software. RESULTS Shows that marital status, major, and household income are significantly associated with lower DASS21 scores (a lower DASS21 score means better mental health status). Also, problematic use of social media (β = 3.54, 95% CI: (3.23, 3.85)) was significantly associated with higher mental health scores (a higher DASS21 score means worse mental health status). Income and social media use (β = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.25) were significantly associated with higher DASS21 scores (a higher DASS21 score means worse mental health status). Major was significantly associated with lower DASS21 scores (a lower DASS21 score means better mental health status). CONCLUSION This study indicated that social media had a direct relationship with mental health. Despite the large amount of evidence suggesting that social media harms mental health, more research is still necessary to determine the cause and how social media can be used without harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Nazari
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151 Iran
| | - Maede Hosseinnia
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Torkian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151 Iran
| | - Gholamreza Garmaroudi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151 Iran
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4
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Gjoneska B, Potenza MN, Jones J, Sales CM, Hranov G, Demetrovics Z. Problematic use of the Internet in low- and middle-income countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022; 48:101208. [PMID: 35919788 PMCID: PMC9334935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
People from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) represent large portions of the world population, often occupy less favorable living conditions, and typically suffer greater health risks, yet frequently receive little research and global health attention. The present study reviews emerging evidence on problematic use of the Internet (PUI) in LMICs prior/during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzed studies mainly focused on general properties of PUI in university students, problematic gaming in youth, or problematic use of social media in adults, registering higher prevalence estimates, as compared with earlier reports. Research mainly focused on initially affected regions and COVID-exposed populations. Overall, unfavorable circumstances, including poor social support, family relationships, and lifestyle tendencies/habits, may present potential risk for PUI in LMICs, likely exacerbated during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Gjoneska
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Krste Misirkov 2, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Connecticut Mental Health Centre, New Haven, CT 06519, United States
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, United States
| | - Julia Jones
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Célia Md Sales
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Chudzicka-Czupała A, Chiang SK, Grabowski D, Żywiołek-Szeja M, Quek M, Pudełek B, Teopiz K, Ho R, McIntyre RS. Predictors of Psychological Distress across Three Time Periods during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215405. [PMID: 36430126 PMCID: PMC9690834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the onset of COVID-19, public health policies and public opinions changed from stringent preventive measures against spread of COVID-19 to policies accommodating life with continued, diminished risk for contracting COVID-19. Poland is a country that demonstrated severe psychological impact and negative mental health. The study aims to examine psychological impact and changes in levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among three cross-sectional samples of Polish people and COVID-19-related factors associated with adverse mental health. METHODS In total, 2324 Polish persons participated in repeated cross-sectional studies across three surveys: Survey 1 (22 to 26 March 2020), Survey 2 (21 October to 3 December 2020), and Survey 3 (3 November to 10 December 2021). Participants completed an online survey, including Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), demographics, knowledge, and concerns of COVID-19 and precautionary measures. RESULTS A significant reduction of IES-R scores was seen across surveys, while DASS-21 scores were significantly higher in Survey 2. There was significant reduction in the frequency of following COVID-19 news, recent COVID-19 testing, and home isolation from Survey 1 to 3. Being emale was significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores in Surveys 1 and 2. Student status was significantly associated with higher DASS-21 across surveys. Chills, myalgia, and fatigue were significantly associated with high IES-R or DASS-21 scores across surveys. Frequency of wearing masks and perception that mask could reduce risk of COVID-19 were significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The aforementioned findings indicate a reduction in the level of the measured subjective distress andin the frequency of checking COVID-19 news-related information across three periods during the pandemic in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Soon-Kiat Chiang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Damian Grabowski
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Żywiołek-Szeja
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Matthew Quek
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bartosz Pudełek
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kayla Teopiz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M4W 3W4, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M4W 3W4, Canada
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6
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Cleofas JV, Dayrit JCS, Albao BT. Problematic versus reflective use: Types of social media use as determinants of mental health among young Filipino undergraduates. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 12:85-91. [PMID: 35854847 PMCID: PMC9277285 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The link between problematic social media use (SMU) and mental health among youth has been established. However, there is insufficient information on how mental health is influenced by COVID-19 pandemic-related changes and positive aspects of SMU. This study aims to determine the relationship of pandemic-related changes in SMU, and two types of SMU (problematic and reflective use) with mental health among young Filipino undergraduates. Methods: A total of 1087 Filipino undergraduates aged 18 to 30 years old participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection via online survey was conducted in August 2021. Results: Findings indicate the significant association between the perceived changes in SMU and mental health among respondents (P <0.001). In terms of type of use, results suggest that students who demonstrate lower problematic SMU (B=-0.608, P <0.001, 95% CI=-0.955 - -0.259) and higher reflective SMU (B=3.524, P <0.001, 95% CI=2.051- 4.895) had higher mental wellbeing. Moreover, poorer mental wellbeing was observed among females and LGBTQ+ respondents with poorer internet quality (P <0.05). Conclusion: Mental health among young Filipino undergraduates is influenced by pandemic-related changes and types of SMU. With the increasing necessity of social media amid the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health practitioners and advocates can increase their visibility online to promote reflective SMU as a protective factor against mental health decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Visperas Cleofas
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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7
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Fukushima H, Imai H, Miyakoshi C, Miyai H, Otani K, Aoyama S, Matsuishi K. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital workers in Kobe: A cross-sectional survey. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e8. [PMID: 37522091 PMCID: PMC9088612 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aim Many health-care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are psychologically distressed. This study aimed to investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital workers under the emergency declaration in Japan. Methods This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected sociodemographic data and responses to 19 stress-related questions and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), which measures post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, from all 3217 staff members at Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital from April 16, 2020 to June 8, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to the 19 stress-related questions. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the association of personal characteristics with each score of the four factors and the IES-R. Results We received 951 valid responses; 640 of these were by females, and 311 were by respondents aged in their 20s. Nurses accounted for the largest percentage of the job category. Women, those aged in their 30s-50s, nurses, and frontline workers had a high risk of experiencing stress. The prevalence of stress (IES-R ≥ 25) was 16.7%. The psychological impact was significantly greater for those aged in their 30s-50s and those who were not medical doctors. Conclusions This is the first study to examine the stress of hospital workers, as measured by the IES-R, under the emergency declaration in Japan. It showed that women, those aged in their 30s-50s, nurses, and frontline workers have a high risk of experiencing stress. Health and medical institutions should pay particular attention to the physical and psychological health of these staff members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Fukushima
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Hissei Imai
- Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public HealthKyoto University, Kyoto, and Ohashi ClinicKyotoJapan
| | - Chisato Miyakoshi
- Department of Research Support, Center for Clinical Research and InnovationKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyai
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Kyohei Otani
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
| | - Shinsuke Aoyama
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Kunitaka Matsuishi
- Department of PsychiatryKobe City Medical Center General HospitalKobeJapan
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8
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Chen J, Yang K, Cao Y, Du Y, Wang N, Qu M. Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870346. [PMID: 35463512 PMCID: PMC9023859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacts mental health. Some published studies have investigated the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in China during the pandemic. However, the results vary widely. We aimed to systematically analyze and estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and attempted to reveal the reasons for prevalence variety in previous studies. Methods Published studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database), China National Knowledge database (CNKI), and the WanFang database from December 2019 to May 2021. The quality of all included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and the American Agency for Health Care Quality and Research's (AHRQ) cross-sectional study quality evaluation items. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling. Results Of the 1,708 references screened, 13 related reports that involve 41,729 participants were included. The results suggested that the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic was 28.6%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence was highest among the studies using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 (46.8%) and lowest among these using Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) (11.4%). All studies using PHQ-9 set the cutoff at 5 points instead of 10. The pooled prevalence of studies that include primary school students was lower (16.5%) than that of studies excluding primary school students (39.1%). Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that depressive symptoms were relatively prevalent among Chinese children and adolescents during COVID-19, especially among the secondary school students. The suitable screening tools and cutoff should be carefully chosen in the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yun Du
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Ho YCL, Chew MSL, Mahirah D, Thumboo J. Family Resilience and Psychological Responses to COVID-19: A Study of Concordance and Dyadic Effects in Singapore Households. Front Psychol 2022; 13:770927. [PMID: 35300159 PMCID: PMC8923423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.770927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of COVID-19 may be magnified in a shared environment like the household, especially with people spending extended time at home during the pandemic. Family resilience is the ability of a family to adapt to crisis and can be a protective factor against stress and negative affect. While there have been calls to address family resilience during the pandemic, there is a lack of empirical study on its benefit. In this dyadic observational study, we sought to investigate the concordance of family members’ psychological responses to COVID-19, whether dyad members’ risk factors (COVID-19 exposure and financial impact) mutually affected each other’s psychological responses, and importantly, whether family resilience was a significant factor in these responses. A total of 200 family dyads from the same household completed the Family Resilience Assessment Scale and questionnaires on COVID-19 threat perception, impacts, and exposure. We found concordant dyad responses for COVID-19 threat perception, but not for psychological impact. Using the Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model framework, we found that one’s psychological impact was affected by the financial impact from both dyad members. After controlling for risk factors and demographic covariates, we found that family resilience significantly associated with lower COVID-19 psychological impact, though not with threat perception. The findings suggest that both family and individual factors need to be addressed and there may be benefit in addressing multilevel risk and protective factors using an ecological systems approach, which may help prepare the population for future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lynn Ho
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore.,Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mary Su-Lynn Chew
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhiya Mahirah
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, Singapore Health Service, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Lee Y, Lui LM, Brietzke E, Liao Y, Lu C, Ho R, Subramaniapillai M, Mansur RB, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. Comparing mortality from covid-19 to mortality due to overdose: A micromort analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:514-521. [PMID: 34656039 PMCID: PMC8461265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the mortality risk due to covid-19 with death due to overdose in British Columbia, Canada. The opioid epidemic was declared a public health emergency in 2016. METHODS Mortality risk was calculated in micromorts with covid-19 data for January-October 2020, derived from the BC center for Disease Control, and illicit drug toxicity deaths for January 2010-September 2020, derived from the BC Coroners Service. Age-stratified covid-19 incidence and deaths per 100,000 population and age-stratified illicit drug toxicity death rates per 100,000 population were calculated. A micromort is a unit of risk equivalent to a one-in-a-million chance of death. RESULTS During the covid-19 pandemic, illicit drug toxicity deaths reached 1.0 micromorts per day, representing an increase of 0.5 micromorts per day relative to 2019 rates. In comparison, covid-19 mortality risk was 0.05 micromorts per day among individuals from the general population living in British Columbia and 21.1 micromorts per day among those infected with covid-19. Covid-related mortality risk was significantly lower among individuals aged <60 years, relative to older adults, whereas drug toxicity-related mortality was highest for individuals aged 30-59 years. CONCLUSIONS The mortality associated with covid-19 is apparent and distributed unevenly across subpopulations. The mortality due to overdose has increased during covid-19 and exceeds mortality due to covid-19. Our results instantiate the triple threat caused by covid-19 (i.e., public health crisis, economic crisis and mental health crisis) and quantitatively highlight the externality of increased mortality due to deaths of despair in response to public health efforts to reduce covid-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8.
| | - Leanna M.W. Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore.
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8.
| | - Rodrigo B. Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Joshua D. Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5T 2S8,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
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11
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Wilkialis L, Rodrigues NB, Cha DS, Siegel A, Majeed A, Lui LMW, Tamura JK, Gill B, Teopiz K, McIntyre RS. Social Isolation, Loneliness and Generalized Anxiety: Implications and Associations during the COVID-19 Quarantine. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1620. [PMID: 34942920 PMCID: PMC8699379 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a predominantly global quarantine response that has been associated with social isolation, loneliness, and anxiety. The foregoing experiences have been amply documented to have profound impacts on health, morbidity, and mortality. This narrative review uses the extant neurobiological and theoretical literature to explore the association between social isolation, loneliness, and anxiety in the context of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging evidence suggests that distinct health issues (e.g., a sedentary lifestyle, a diminished overall sense of well-being) are associated with social isolation and loneliness. The health implications of social isolation and loneliness during quarantine have a heterogenous and comorbid nature and, as a result, form a link to anxiety. The limbic system plays a role in fear and anxiety response; the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, HPA axis, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, insula, and locus coeruleus have an impact in a prolonged anxious state. In the conclusion, possible solutions are considered and remarks are made on future areas of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linas Wilkialis
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Nelson B. Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Danielle S. Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Ashley Siegel
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Amna Majeed
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Leanna M. W. Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Jocelyn K. Tamura
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Kayla Teopiz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (L.W.); (N.B.R.); (D.S.C.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (L.M.W.L.); (J.K.T.); (B.G.); (K.T.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M4W 3W4, Canada
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12
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Li M, Xu Z, He X, Zhang J, Song R, Duan W, Liu T, Yang H. Sense of Coherence and Mental Health in College Students After Returning to School During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Media Exposure. Front Psychol 2021; 12:687928. [PMID: 34367012 PMCID: PMC8339212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic not only threatens people's physical health, but also affects their mental health in the long term. Although people had returned to work and school, they are closely monitoring the development of the epidemic and taking preventive measures. This study attempted to examine the relationship between media exposure, sense of coherence (SOC) and mental health, and the moderating effect of media exposure in college students after returning to school. In the present study, we conducted a cross sectional survey on 424 college students returning to school around May 2020. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess media exposure scale, SOC, depression, anxiety and stress. Correlation and moderation analysis was conducted. The results showed that (1) negative epidemic information exposure, rather than positive epidemic information exposure, was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. (2) SOC was also associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. (3) The effect of SOC on depression was modified by negative epidemic information exposure. With the increase of negative epidemic information exposure, the predictive effect of SOC on depression is increasing gradually. These findings demonstrated that negative epidemic information exposure was associated with an increased psychological distress in the sample. A high SOC played a certain protective role in the adaptation of college students in the post-epidemic period. It is important to find more ways to increase the colleges' SOC level and avoid negative information exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’ Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhansheng Xu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’ Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue He
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Song
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjin Duan
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tour Liu
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’ Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Normal University, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin, China,Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China,Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’ Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Haibo Yang,
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13
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Lee Y, Lui LM, Chen-Li D, Liao Y, Mansur RB, Brietzke E, Rosenblat JD, Ho R, Rodrigues NB, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Cao B, Subramaniapillai M, Gill H, Lu C, McIntyre RS. Government response moderates the mental health impact of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of depression outcomes across countries. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:364-377. [PMID: 34052584 PMCID: PMC8159271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic represents a public health, economic and mental health crisis. We hypothesized that timely government implementation of stringent measures to reduce viral transmission would benefit mental health, as evidenced by reduced rates of depressive symptoms (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ]-9≥10, PHQ-2≥3). METHODS The systematic review herein (PROSPERO CRD42020200647) evaluated to what extent differences in government-imposed stringency and timeliness of response to COVID-19 moderate the prevalence of depressive symptoms across 33 countries (k=114, N=640,037). We included data from six lower-middle-income countries, nine upper-middle-income countries, and 18 higher-income countries. Government-imposed stringency and timeliness in response were operationalized using the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response ("Stringency") Index. RESULTS The overall proportion of study participants with clinically significant depressive symptoms was 21.39% (95% CI 19.37-23.47). The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was significantly lower in countries wherein governments implemented stringent policies promptly. The moderating effect of government response remained significant after including the national frequency of COVID cases at the time of study commencement, Healthcare Access and Quality index, and the inclusion of COVID patients in the study. LIMITATIONS Factors that may have confounded our results include, for example, differences in lockdown duration, lack of study participant and outcome assessor blinding, and retrospective assessment of depressive symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Governments that enacted stringent measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 benefited not only the physical, but also the mental health of their population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8.
| | - Leanna M.W. Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - David Chen-Li
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo B. Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D. Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Nelson B. Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
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14
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Ho RC, Tran BX, McIntyre RS. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on global mental health: From the general public to healthcare workers. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2021. [PMID: 33855314 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Jiang Y. Problematic Social Media Usage and Anxiety Among University Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and the Moderating Role of Academic Burnout. Front Psychol 2021; 12:612007. [PMID: 33613391 PMCID: PMC7892454 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has greatly affected university students' studies and life. This study aimed to examine the possible mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of academic burnout in the relationship between problematic social media usage and anxiety among university students during COVID-19. A total of 3,123 undergraduates from universities in Shanghai participated in an online survey from March to April 2020. The results showed that problematic social media usage among university students predicted their levels of anxiety. Mediation analysis indicated that psychological capital mediated the relationship between problematic social media usage and anxiety. Furthermore, for university students whose academic performance had been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of both problematic social media usage and the psychological capital on anxiety were moderated by academic burnout. For university students whose academic performance was not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, academic burnout moderated the effects of psychological capital but not the effects of problematic social media usage on anxiety. The results highlighted the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between problematic social media usage and anxiety. These findings provide practical insights into the development and implementation of psychological interventions when facing a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- School of Humanities, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ide K, Asami T, Suda A, Yoshimi A, Fujita J, Nomoto M, Roppongi T, Hino K, Takahashi Y, Watanabe K, Shimada T, Hamasaki T, Endo E, Kaneko T, Suzuki M, Kubota K, Saigusa Y, Kato H, Odawara T, Nakajima H, Takeuchi I, Goto T, Aihara M, Hishimoto A. The psychological effects of COVID-19 on hospital workers at the beginning of the outbreak with a large disease cluster on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245294. [PMID: 33428676 PMCID: PMC7799779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and associated factors on hospital workers at the beginning of the outbreak with a large disease cluster on the Diamond Princess cruise ship. This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected demographic data, mental health measurements, and stress-related questionnaires from workers in 2 hospitals in Yokohama, Japan, from March 23, 2020, to April 6, 2020. The prevalence rates of general psychological distress and event-related distress were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the 26-item stress-related questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes for workers both at high- and low-risk for infection of COVID-19. A questionnaire was distributed to 4133 hospital workers, and 2697 (65.3%) valid questionnaires were used for analyses. Overall, 536 (20.0%) were high-risk workers, 944 (35.0%) of all hospital workers showed general distress, and 189 (7.0%) demonstrated event-related distress. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that 'Feeling of being isolated and discriminated' was associated with both the general and event-related distress for both the high- and low-risk workers. In this survey, not only high-risk workers but also low-risk workers in the hospitals admitting COVID-19 patients reported experiencing psychological distress at the beginning of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Health Management Office, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Asami
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asuka Yoshimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munetaka Nomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohide Roppongi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Psychiatric Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kousuke Hino
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Advanced Emergency Medical Service Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Yokohama East Area Habilitation Center for Children, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Nursing Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimada
- Patient Care and Safety Management Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toyoko Hamasaki
- Patient Care and Safety Management Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Emi Endo
- Nursing Department, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kaneko
- Nursing Department, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiko Suzuki
- Nursing Department, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kubota
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Advanced Emergency Medical Service Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Advanced Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahisa Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiko Aihara
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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17
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Wang Y, Kala MP, Jafar TH. Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244630. [PMID: 33370404 PMCID: PMC7769562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has escalated the burden of psychological distress. We aimed to evaluate factors associated with psychological distress among the predominantly general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and World Health Organization COVID-19 databases (Dec 2019-15 July 2020). We included cross-sectional studies that reported factors associated with psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary outcomes were self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression. Random-effects models were used to pool odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42020186735). FINDINGS We included 68 studies comprising 288,830 participants from 19 countries. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 33% (95% CI: 28%-39%) and 30% (26%-36%). Women versus men (OR: 1.48 [95% CI: 1.29-1.71; I2 = 90.8%]), younger versus older (< versus ≥35 years) adults (1.20 [1.13-1.26]; I2 = 91.7%), living in rural versus urban areas (1.13 [1.00-1.29]; I2 = 82.9%), lower versus higher socioeconomic status (e.g. lower versus higher income: 1.45 [1.24-1.69; I2 = 82.3%]) were associated with higher anxiety odds. These factors (except for residential area) were also associated with higher depression odds. Furthermore, higher COVID-19 infection risk (suspected/confirmed cases, living in hard-hit areas, having pre-existing physical or mental conditions) and longer media exposure were associated with higher odds of anxiety and depression. INTERPRETATION One in three adults in the predominantly general population have COVID-19 related psychological distress. Concerted efforts are urgently needed for interventions in high-risk populations to reduce urban-rural, socioeconomic and gender disparities in COVID-19 related psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tazeen H. Jafar
- Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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