1
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Chen S, Huang B, Tian J, Zhang W. Advancements of Porphyrin-Derived Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy and Biofilm Eradication. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401211. [PMID: 39073000 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The threat posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the challenge of biofilm formation has highlighted the inadequacies of conventional antibacterial therapies, leading to increased interest in antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in recent years. This approach offers advantages such as minimal invasiveness, low systemic toxicity, and notable effectiveness against drug-resistant bacterial strains. Porphyrins and their derivatives, known for their high molar extinction coefficients and singlet oxygen quantum yields, have emerged as crucial photosensitizers in aPDT. However, their practical application is hindered by challenges such as poor water solubility and aggregation-induced quenching. To address these limitations, extensive research has focused on the development of porphyrin-based nanomaterials for aPDT, enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic sterilization and broadening the range of antimicrobial activity. This review provides an overview of various porphyrin-based nanomaterials utilized in aPDT and biofilm eradication in recent years, including porphyrin-loaded inorganic nanoparticles, porphyrin-based polymer assemblies, supramolecular assemblies, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Additionally, insights into the prospects of aPDT is offered, highlighting its potential for practical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Baoxuan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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2
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Upoma N, Akter N, Ferdousi FK, Sultan MZ, Rahman S, Alodhayb A, Alibrahim KA, Habib A. Interactions of Co(II)- and Zn(II)porphyrin of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin with DNA in Aqueous Solution and Their Antimicrobial Activities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:22325-22335. [PMID: 38799349 PMCID: PMC11112571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently used to treat, prevent, or control bacterial infections, but in recent years, infections resistant to all known classes of conventional antibiotics have significantly grown. The development of novel, nontoxic, and nonincursive antimicrobial methods that work more quickly and efficiently than the present antibiotics is required to combat this growing public health issue. Here, Co(II) and Zn(II) derivatives of tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4yl)porphyrin [H2TMPyP]4+ as a tetra(ρ-toluenesulfonate) were synthesized and purified to investigate their interactions with DNA (pH 7.40, 25 °C) using UV-vis, fluorescence techniques, and antimicrobial activity. UV-vis results showed that [H2TMPyP]4+ had a high hypochromicity (∼64%) and a substantial bathochromic shift (Δλ, 14 nm), while [Co(II)TMPyP]4+ and [Zn(II)TMPyP]4+ showed little hypochromicity (∼37%) and a small bathochromic shift (Δλ, 3-6 nm). Results reveal that [H2TMPyP]4+ interacts with DNA via intercalation, while Co(II)- and [Zn(II)TMPyP]4+ interact with DNA via outside self-stacking. Fluorescence results also confirmed the interaction of [H2TMPyP]4+ and the metalloporphyrins with DNA. Results of the antimicrobial activity assay revealed that the metalloporphyrins showed inhibitory effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, but that neither the counterions nor [H2TMPyP]4+ exhibited any inhibitory effects. Mechanism of antimicrobial activities of metalloporphyrins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazmin Akter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Zakir Sultan
- Centre
for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Biological
and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for
Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alodhayb
- Biological
and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for
Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khuloud A. Alibrahim
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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3
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Bourbour S, Darbandi A, Bostanghadiri N, Ghanavati R, Taheri B, Bahador A. Effects of Antimicrobial Photosensitizers of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) to Treat Periodontitis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1209-1229. [PMID: 37475551 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230720104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or aPDT is an alternative therapeutic approach in which lasers and different photosensitizing agents are used to eradicate periodontopathic bacteria in periodontitis. Periodontitis is a localized infectious disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria and can destroy bones and tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. The aPDT system has been shown by in vitro studies to have high bactericidal efficacy. It was demonstrated that aPDT has low local toxicity, can speed up dental therapy, and is cost-effective. Several photosensitizers (PSs) are available for each type of light source which did not induce any damage to the patient and are safe. In recent years, significant advances have been made in aPDT as a non-invasive treatment method, especially in treating infections and cancers. Besides, aPDT can be perfectly combined with other treatments. Hence, this survey focused on the effectiveness and mechanism of aPDT of periodontitis by using lasers and the most frequently used antimicrobial PSs such as methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue ortho (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG), malachite green (MG) (Triarylmethanes), erythrosine dyes (ERY) (Xanthenes dyes), rose bengal (RB) (Xanthenes dyes), eosin-Y (Xanthenes dyes), radachlorin group and curcumin. The aPDT with these PSs can reduce pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontitis. Therefore, it is clear that there is a bright future for using aPDT to fight microorganisms causing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bourbour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- Department of Microbiology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Savelyeva IO, Zhdanova KA, Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Bragina NA. Cationic Porphyrins as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9793-9822. [PMID: 38132458 PMCID: PMC10741785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has received a great deal of attention due to its unique ability to kill all currently known classes of microorganisms. To date, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are one of the main sources of high mortality, mass epidemics and global pandemics among humans. Every year, the emergence of three to four previously unknown species of viruses dangerous to humans is recorded, totaling more than 2/3 of all newly discovered human pathogens. The emergence of bacteria with multidrug resistance leads to the rapid obsolescence of antibiotics and the need to create new types of antibiotics. From this point of view, photodynamic inactivation of viruses and bacteria is of particular interest. This review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial action of APDT, molecular targets and correlation between the structure of cationic porphyrins and their photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga O. Savelyeva
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Margarita A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Natal’ya A. Bragina
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
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5
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Aghili SS, Jahangirnia A, Alam M, Oskouei AB, Golkar M, Badkoobeh A, Abbasi K, Mohammadikhah M, Karami S, Soufdoost RS, Namanloo RA, Talebi S, Amookhteh S, Hemmat M, Sadeghi S. The effect of photodynamic therapy in controlling the oral biofilm: A comprehensive overview. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1319-1347. [PMID: 37726220 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Several resistance mechanisms are involved in dental caries, including oral biofilms. An accumulation of bacteria on the surface of teeth is called plaque. Periodontitis and gingivitis are caused by dental plaque. In this review article, we aimed to review the studies associated with the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to prevent and treat various microbial biofilm-caused oral diseases in recent decades. There are several studies published in PubMed that have described antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) effects on microorganisms. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential of APDT for treating endodontic, periodontal, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria as biofilms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are activated in the presence of oxygen by integrating a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) with appropriate wavelength visible light. By causing irreversible damage to microorganisms, ROS induces some biological and photochemical events. Testing several wavelengths has been conducted to identify potential PS for APDT. A standard protocol is not yet available, and the current review summarizes findings from dental studies on APDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Sara Aghili
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Bagherzadeh Oskouei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Golkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Badkoobeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mohammadikhah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Talebi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Amookhteh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmat
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Akbar A, Khan S, Chatterjee T, Ghosh M. Unleashing the power of porphyrin photosensitizers: Illuminating breakthroughs in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112796. [PMID: 37804542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review provides the current trends and recent developments of porphyrin-based photosensitizers. We discuss their evolution from first-generation to third-generation compounds, including cutting-edge nanoparticle-integrated derivatives, and explores their pivotal role in advancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for enhanced cancer treatment. Integrating porphyrins with nanoparticles represents a promising avenue, offering improved selectivity, reduced toxicity, and heightened biocompatibility. By elucidating recent breakthroughs, innovative methodologies, and emerging applications, this review provides a panoramic snapshot of the dynamic field, addressing challenges and charting prospects. With a focus on harnessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through light activation, PDT serves as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. This article offers a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and PDT enthusiasts, highlighting the potential of porphyrin photosensitizers to improve the future of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibasha Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Syamantak Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mihir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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7
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Gogde K, Paul S, Pujari AK, Yadav AK, Bhaumik J. Synthesis of Metallo-Chromone Porphyrin Nano-Starch Sensitizers as Photodynamic Therapeutics for the Eradication of Enterococci Dental Pathogens. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13058-13071. [PMID: 37671975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an advanced, alternative, and promising treatment, can inhibit dental pathogens. PDT employs the activation of photosensitizers via the light of a particular wavelength and molecular oxygen to inhibit dental pathogens. Herein, we present a comprehensive study on the synthesis and characterization of three chromone-porphyrins [Zn(II)-5-[4-chromone]-15-(4-phenyl)porphyrin (ZnCP), 5-[4-chromone]-15-(4-12 phenyl)porphyrin (DMCP), and Pd(II)-5-[4-chromone]-15-(4-phenyl)porphyrin (PdCP)]. Next, the computational study was also performed to establish the correlation between photophysical properties and theoretical calculations for those chromone-porphyrins using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, chromone-porphyrins were encapsulated in starch nanoparticles to develop soluble nano-starch sensitizers (ZnCP-SNPs, DMCP-SNPs, and PdCP-SNPs) via the nanoprecipitation technique. Upon green light exposure, these nano-starch sensitizers exhibited excellent singlet oxygen generation ability. Moreover, final nanoformulations have been explored for pH responsiveness. Based on our intriguing findings, the chromone-porphyrin-loaded nano-starch sensitizers displayed great potential as prospective PDT to treat enterococci dental pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Gogde
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Dept. of Biotechnology (Govt. of India), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shatabdi Paul
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Dept. of Biotechnology (Govt. of India), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pujari
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Dept. of Biotechnology (Govt. of India), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Dept. of Biotechnology (Govt. of India), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
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8
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Saghebasl S, Amini H, Nobakht A, Haiaty S, Bagheri HS, Hasanpour P, Milani M, Saghati S, Naturi O, Farhadi M, Rahbarghazi R. Polyurethane-based nanofibrous mat containing porphyrin with photosensitivity and bactericidal properties can promote cutaneous tissue healing in rats. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:313. [PMID: 37661273 PMCID: PMC10476421 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of cutaneous tissue is one of the most challenging issues in human regenerative medicine. To date, several studies have been done to promote cutaneous tissue healing with minimum side effects. The healing potential of polyurethane (PU)/Poly (caprolactone)-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (caprolactone) (PCEC)/chitosan (CS) (PCS) nanofibrous mat with cationic photosensitizer meso tetrakis (N-methyl pyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin tetratosylate salt (TMP) was examined. The CS tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared and loaded by TMP to provide an efficient drug release system (TMPNPs) for delivery of TMP to promote wound healing. In in vitro setting, parameters such as bactericidal effects, cytocompatibility, and hemolytic effects were examined. The healing potential of prepared nanofibrous mats was investigated in a rat model of full-thickness cutaneous injury. PCS/TMP/TMPNPs nanofibers can efficiently release porphyrin in the aqueous phase. The addition of TMPNPs and CS to the PU backbone increased the hydrophilicity, degradation, and reduced mechanical properties. The culture of human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2) on PCS/TMP/TMPNPs scaffold led to an increased survival rate and morphological adaptation analyzed by MTT and SEM images. Irradiation with a red laser (635 nm, 3 J/cm2) for the 30 s reduced viability of S. aureus and E. Coli bacteria plated on PCS/TMP and PCS/TMP/TMPNPs nanofibrous mats compared to PU/PCEC (PC) and PU/PCEC/CS (PCS) groups, indicating prominent antibacterial effects of PCS/TMP and PCS/TMP/TMPNPs nanofibrous (p < 0.05). Data indicated that PCS/TMP/TMPNPs mat enhanced healing of the full-thickness excisional wound in a rat model by the reduction of inflammatory response and fibrotic changes compared to the PC, and PCS groups (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence imaging indicated that levels of Desmoglein were increased in rats that received PCS/TMP/TMPNPs compared to the other groups. It is found that a PU-based nanofibrous mat is an appropriate scaffold to accelerate the healing of injured skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Saghebasl
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Amini
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Nobakht
- Research Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Hasanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Saghati
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ozra Naturi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Farhadi
- Department of Anatomical and Clinical Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1020995. [PMID: 36687594 PMCID: PMC9850114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as a promising and non-invasive local and adjuvant treatment in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy for elimination of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and key pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis have been investigated by many invitro and clinical studies. Researchers have also investigated methods of increasing the efficacy of such treatment modalities by amazing developments in the production of natural, nano based, and targeted photosensitizers. As clinical studies have an important role in paving the way towards evidence-based applications in oral infection treatment by this method, the current review aimed to provide an overall view of potential clinical applications in this field and summarize the data of available randomized controlled clinical studies conducted on the applications of aPDT in dentistry and investigate its future horizons in the dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2022 to retrieve related clinical studies. There are several clinical studies reporting aPDT as an effective adjunctive treatment modality capable of reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal and peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence also reveals a therapeutic potential for aPDT in prevention and reduction of cariogenic organisms and treatment of infections with fungal or viral origins, however, the number of randomized clinical studies in these groups are much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers have been used and it is still not possible to recommend specific irradiation parameters due to heterogenicity among studies. Reaching effective clinical protocols and parameters of this treatment is difficult and requires further high quality randomized controlled trials focusing on specific PS and irradiation parameters that have shown to have clinical efficacy and are able to reduce pathogenic bacterial loads with sufficient follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Reza Fekrazad,
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10
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Urquhart CG, Pinheiro TDR, da Silva JLG, Leal DBR, Burgo TAL, Iglesias BA, Santos RCV. Antimicrobial activity of water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 42:103266. [PMID: 36587859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript presents the cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm preliminary properties, and associated therapy with commercial drugs using water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two commercial tetra-cationic porphyrins were tested against a standard strain of P. aeruginosa 01 (PA01) in antibacterial activity assays under dark conditions and irradiated with white light for 120 min. Porphyrin 4-H2TMePor showed better antimicrobial activity and was chosen for further tests. Increased minimum inhibitory concentration was observed in the presence of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that photooxidation was mediated by the singlet oxygen production. In the time-kill curve assay, 4-H2TMePor inhibited bacterial growth in 90 min of irradiation. The checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactions. Biofilms of the standard PA01 strain and three clinical isolates were formed. The biofilm destruction assay was more efficient for PA01, significantly reducing the biofilm biomass formed compared to the positive control. The associated treatment to destroy the biofilm potentiated a significant decrease in the biofilm biomass compared to the positive control. The photosensitizer did not damage human keratinocytes or mouse fibroblasts in the cytotoxicity assays, demonstrating the safety of using 4-H2TMePor. Atomic force microscopy indicated lower adhesion force, higher cell wall deformation, and higher dissipation energy in the treated control compared to untreated PA01. Given our findings, it is evident that water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins have excellent antimicrobial and a preliminary antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria, proving to be a potential photosensitizer for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez Urquhart
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (LAPEMICRO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ticiane da Rosa Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (LAPEMICRO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto Lima Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Cristovao Colombo, 2265, S. J. Rio Preto, SP 15014-100, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos (LBMP), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia (LAPEMICRO), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Musolino S, Shatila F, Tieman GM, Masarsky AC, Thibodeau MC, Wulff JE, Buckley HL. Light-Induced Anti-Bacterial Effect Against Staphylococcus aureus of Porphyrin Covalently Bonded to a Polyethylene Terephthalate Surface. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29517-29525. [PMID: 36033695 PMCID: PMC9404523 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation represents a promising and potentially greener alternative to conventional antimicrobials, and a solution for multidrug-resistant strains. The current study reports the development and characterization of tetra-substituted diazirine porphyrin covalently bonded to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and its use as an antimicrobial surface. The diazirine moiety on the porphyrin was activated using a temperature of 120 °C, which initiated a C-H insertion mechanism that irreversibly functionalized the PET surface. Activation of the surface with white LED light in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) led to singlet oxygen generation, which was detected via the degradation of 9,10-anthracenediylbis(methylene)dimalonic acid (ADMA) over time. The bactericidal effect of the 1O2-producing surface against Staphylococcus aureus was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The growth of the pathogen beneath porphyrin-functionalized PET coupons was reduced; moreover, the PET coupons resulted in a 1.76-log reduction in cell counts after exposure to white LED light for 6 h. This is a promising material and platform for the development of safer antimicrobial surfaces, with applications in healthcare, food packaging, marine surfaces, and other surfaces in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania
F. Musolino
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Fatima Shatila
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Grace M.O. Tieman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Institute
for Integrated Energy Systems (IESVic), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Anna C. Masarsky
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Matthew C. Thibodeau
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Heather L. Buckley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P
5C2, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Institute
for Integrated Energy Systems (IESVic), University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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12
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Effect of the technique of photodynamic therapy against the main microorganisms responsible for periodontitis: A systematic review of in-vitro studies. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 138:105425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Polmickaitė-Smirnova E, Buchovec I, Bagdonas S, Sužiedėlienė E, Ramanavičius A, Anusevičius Ž. Photoinactivation of Salmonella enterica exposed to 5-aminolevulinic acid: Impact of sensitization conditions and irradiation time. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 231:112446. [PMID: 35487120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) represents the potential alternative to traditional antibiotic therapy, and can be applied to treat various bacterial infections, including those caused by Gram-negative bacterial strains. One of the treatment modalities is based on the capacity of bacterial cells to synthesize the excess amounts of porphyrins after exposure to an externally applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which makes them photosensitive and leads to reduced survival after irradiation with an appropriately selected light source. This study focuses on the sensitization and the photoinduced inactivation of Salmonella enterica cells in PBS containing 0.5 mM 5-ALA, incubated at 37 °C for 4 h or for 20 h and afterwards irradiated with violet LED light (11.1 mW/cm2, a peak at 400 nm). It has been found that both amounts and composition of endogenous porphyrins not only depended on the incubation duration, but also were affected by externally induced photo- and chemo-oxidation reactions. The application of different sensitization conditions has revealed that the increasing amounts of endogenously produced porphyrins do not ensure the proportional reduction of bacterial cell survival numbers. The comparative investigations also demonstrated that the presence of endogenously produced porphyrins in the medium results in secondary sensitization of bacterial cells and causes a notably stronger photoinactivation effect in comparison to their externally applied standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Polmickaitė-Smirnova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Saulius Bagdonas
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 9, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edita Sužiedėlienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Ramanavičius
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Žilvinas Anusevičius
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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14
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Sengupta D, Rai M, Hoque Mazumdar Z, Sharma D, Malabika Singha K, Pandey P, Gaur R. Two cationic meso-thiophenium porphyrins and their zinc-complexes as anti-HIV-1 and antibacterial agents under non-photodynamic therapy (PDT) conditions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 65:128699. [PMID: 35341921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The anti-HIV-1 and antimicrobial activities of novel cationic meso-thiophenium porphyrins and their zinc-complex are reported under in vitro non-photodynamic (PDT) conditions. While all the cationic porphyrins led to the inhibition of de novo virus infection, the Zn(II)-complexes of T2(OH)2M (A2B2-type) and T(OH)3M (AB3-type) displayed potent inhibition of HIV-1 entry with T2(OH)2MZn displaying maximal anti-HIV activity. The Zinc complex of both the thiophenium porphyrins T2(OH)2M and T(OH)3M also depicted antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and more prominently against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Again, the antibacterial activity was more potent for T2(OH)2MZn. Our study highlighted that the presence of two thiophenium groups at the meso-positions of the A2B2-type porphyrins along with zinc strongly enhanced anti-HIV and antimicrobial properties of these novel thiophenium porphyrins under non-PDT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
| | - Madhu Rai
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | | | - Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - K Malabika Singha
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India.
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India.
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15
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Yin X, Fang Z, Fang Y, Zhu L, Pang J, Liu T, Zhao Z, Zhao J. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Involving a Novel Photosensitizer Combined With an Antibiotic in the Treatment of Rabbit Tibial Osteomyelitis Caused by Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876166. [PMID: 35531297 PMCID: PMC9073078 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is deep tissue inflammation caused by bacterial infection. If such an infection persists, it can lead to dissolution and necrosis of the bone tissue. As a result of the extensive use of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacteria are an increasingly common cause of osteomyelitis, limiting the treatment options available to surgeons. Photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy has attracted increasing attention as a potential alternative treatment. Its advantages are a broad antibacterial spectrum, lack of drug resistance, and lack of toxic side effects. In this study, we explored the impact of the new photosensitizer LD4 in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), both alone and in combination with an antibiotic, on osteomyelitis. A rabbit tibial osteomyelitis model was employed and microbiological, histological, and radiological studies were performed. New Zealand white rabbits (n = 36) were randomly divided into a control group, antibiotic group, PACT group and PACT + antibiotic group for treatment. In microbiological analysis, a reduction in bacterial numbers of more than 99.9% was recorded in the PACT group and the PACT + antibiotic group 5 weeks after treatment (p < 0.01). In histological analysis, repair of the damaged bone tissue was observed in the PACT group, and bone repair in the PACT + antibiotic group was even more significant. In radiological analysis, the X-ray Norden score showed that the severity of bone tissue defects or destruction followed the pattern: PACT + antibiotic group < PACT group < antibiotic group < control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ziyuan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Fang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinwen Pang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanjuan Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianxi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
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16
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Evaluation of a Luminometric Cell Counting System in Context of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050950. [PMID: 35630394 PMCID: PMC9147394 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance belongs to the most demanding medical challenges, and antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is considered a promising alternative to classical antibiotics. However, the pharmacologic characterization of novel compounds suitable for aPDI is a tedious and time-consuming task that usually requires preparation of bacterial cultures and counting of bacterial colonies. In this study, we established and utilized a luminescence-based microbial cell viability assay to analyze the aPDI effects of two porphyrin-based photosensitizers (TMPyP and THPTS) on several bacterial strains with antimicrobial resistance. We demonstrate that after adaptation of the protocol and initial calibration to every specific bacterial strain and photosensitizer, the luminometric method can be used to reliably quantify aPDI effects in most of the analyzed bacterial strains. The interference of photosensitizers with the luminometric readout and the bioluminescence of some bacterial strains were identified as possible confounders. Using this method, we could confirm the susceptibility of several bacterial strains to photodynamic treatment, including extensively drug-resistant pathogens (XDR). In contrast to the conventional culture-based determination of bacterial density, the luminometric assay allowed for a much more time-effective analysis of various treatment conditions. We recommend this luminometric method for high-throughput tasks requiring measurements of bacterial viability in the context of photodynamic treatment approaches.
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17
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Dalvi S, Benedicenti S, Hanna R. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy an effective treatment modality for aggressive periodontitis? A systematic review of in vivo human randomized controlled clinical trials. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102314. [PMID: 33932563 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations of scaling and root planing (SRP) have directed research to utilize additional therapies to enhance conventional techniques. The present systematic review was conducted to evaluate and present a comprehensive overview on effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the management of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). METHODOLOGY The PRISMA statement guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations were followed to conduct this systematic review. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42019143316). A structured electronic and manual search strategy was implied to gather the relevant published data on in vivo human RCTs from their earliest records until 31st October 2019. Relevant data was extracted from the eligible studies, analysed and impartially appraised for its quality. RESULTS Eleven papers met the eligibility criteria and included in this review. The data on standardized study protocol, ideal photosensitizer (PS) dye-wavelength combination, optimal parameters was inconclusive and a high risk of bias in majority of the studies noted, which are fundamental in establishing a standardized and replicable protocol. CONCLUSION Ultimately researchers should conduct well-designed and robust RCTs performed by trained clinicians in order to determine the effectiveness of aPDT, if any, after acknowledging the drawbacks highlighted in this systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Reem Hanna
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Laser Therapy Centre, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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18
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Oyim J, Omolo CA, Amuhaya EK. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Advancements in Porphyrin-Based Photosensitize Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:635344. [PMID: 33898388 PMCID: PMC8058465 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.635344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of available drugs with effectiveness against microbes is worsening with the current global crisis of antimicrobial resistance. This calls for innovative strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) is a relatively new method that utilizes the combined action of light, oxygen, and a photosensitizer to bring about the destruction of microorganisms. This technique has been found to be effective against a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Of greater interest is their ability to destroy resistant strains of microorganisms and in effect help in combating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This manuscript reviews porphyrins and porphyrin-type photosensitizers that have been studied in the recent past with a focus on their structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Oyim
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Calvin A. Omolo
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Edith K. Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
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19
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Le Guern F, Ouk TS, Yerzhan I, Nurlykyz Y, Arnoux P, Frochot C, Leroy-Lhez S, Sol V. Photophysical and Bactericidal Properties of Pyridinium and Imidazolium Porphyrins for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041122. [PMID: 33672630 PMCID: PMC7924203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances achieved over the last decade, infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains are increasingly becoming important societal issues that need to be addressed. New approaches have already been developed in order to overcome this problem. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) could provide an alternative to fight infectious bacteria. Many studies have highlighted the value of cationic photosensitizers in order to improve this approach. This study reports the synthesis and the characterization of cationic porphyrins derived from methylimidazolium and phenylimidazolium porphyrins, along with a comparison of their photophysical properties with the well-known N-methylpyridyl (pyridinium) porphyrin family. PACT tests conducted with the tetracationic porphyrins of these three families showed that these new photosensitizers may offer a good alternative to the classical pyridinium porphyrins, especially against S.aureus and E.coli. In addition, they pave the way to new cationic photosensitizers by the means of derivatization through amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, 78035 Versailles, France;
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Issabayev Yerzhan
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Yesmurzayeva Nurlykyz
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Yang G, Xia L, Yu F, Chen C, Zhang L, Cao H. A pH/H 2O 2 dual triggered nanoplatform for enhanced photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5076-5082. [PMID: 34120155 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection and biofilms cause non-healing chronic wounds and threaten human health. Although antibiotics still play an irreplaceable role to treat infectious diseases in clinics, increasing attention has been paid to the problem of multidrug resistance (MDR). As a novel strategy to deal with bacterial infection, photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) has shown promising potential to reduce bacterial infection, and stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have been shown to enhance the antibacterial efficiency and postpone the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. In this work, we developed a bacterial microenvironment-responsive nanoplatform to eliminate bacteria and bacterial biofilms under 650 nm laser irradiation. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was applied to synthesize an H2O2 responsive block copolymer of POEGMA-b-PBMA, and the antibacterial drug of porphyrin TAPP was loaded to form nanoparticles (PT) by a co-assembled approach. At the infection area with overexpressed peroxide, nanoparticles were disintegrated due to the cleaved boronic ester leading to the release of TAPP. Furthermore, the released TAPP became protonated in the acidic infection area (pH = 5.5) and then enhanced its photodynamic antibacterial efficacy by producing higher singlet oxygen (1O2) levels under light irradiation. Both in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial and biofilm elimination experiments demonstrated that the responsive nanoplatform combined with PDAT has tremendous potential for the treatment of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Guoliang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lei Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hongliang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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21
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Zhao ZJ, Xu ZP, Ma YY, Ma JD, Hong G. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected wounds. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237851. [PMID: 32877414 PMCID: PMC7467278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the antibacterial effect of protoporphyrin IX–ethylenediamine derivative (PPIX-ED)–mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PPIX-ED-PACT) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. PPIX-ED potently inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inducing reactive oxygen species production via photoactivation. Atomic force microscopy revealed that PPIX-ED-PACT induced the leakage of bacterial content by degrading the bacterial membrane and wall. As revealed using acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, PPIX-ED-PACT altered the permeability of the bacterial membrane. In addition, the antibacterial effect of PPIX-ED-PACT was demonstrated in an in vivo model of P. aeruginosa-infected wounds. PPIX-ED (100 μM) decreased the number of P. aeruginosa colony-forming units by 4.2 log10. Moreover, histological analysis illustrated that the wound healing rate was 98% on day 14 after treatment, which was 10% higher than that in the control group. According to the present findings, PPIX-ED-PACT can effectively inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Juan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zeng-Ping Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Duo Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Pang X, Li D, Zhu J, Cheng J, Liu G. Beyond Antibiotics: Photo/Sonodynamic Approaches for Bacterial Theranostics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:144. [PMID: 34138184 PMCID: PMC7770670 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid evolution and propagation of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) provides an excellent alternative. This treatment depends on the interaction between light and photoactivated sensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly cytotoxic to induce apoptosis in virtually all microorganisms without resistance concern. When replacing light with low-frequency ultrasonic wave to activate sensitizer, a novel ultrasound-driven treatment emerges as antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT). Recent advances in aPDT and aSDT reveal golden opportunities for the management of multidrug resistant bacterial infections, especially in the theranostic application where imaging diagnosis can be accomplished facilely with the inherent optical characteristics of sensitizers, and the generated ROS by aPDT/SDT cause broad-spectrum oxidative damage for sterilization. In this review, we systemically outline the mechanisms, targets, and current progress of aPDT/SDT for bacterial theranostic application. Furthermore, potential limitations and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- Amoy Hopeful Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 361027, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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Ziganshyna S, Guttenberger A, Lippmann N, Schulz S, Bercker S, Kahnt A, Rüffer T, Voigt A, Gerlach K, Werdehausen R. Tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylate (THPTS)-based photodynamic inactivation of critical multidrug-resistant bacteria in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105976. [PMID: 32325201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach to treat multidrug-resistant infections. However, effectiveness of PDI is limited, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria. The use of photosensitizer (PS) 3,3',3'',3'''-(7,8,17,18-tetrahydro-21H,23H-porphyrine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrakis[1-methyl-pyridinium]tetratosylate (THPTS) and laser light has led to very promising results. This study focuses on the effects of THPTS in various critical multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and explores the possibility of light-emitting diode (LED)-based activation as a clinically more feasible alternative to laser light. METHODS THPTS was further chemically characterized and in vitro testing of PDI of different multidrug-resistant bacterial strains was performed under various experimental conditions, including varying drug concentration, incubation time, light source (laser and LED) and light intensity, by determination of viable bacteria after treatment. The effect of hyaluronic acid as an adjuvant for medical applications was also evaluated. RESULTS Bacterial density of all investigated bacterial strains was reduced by several orders of magnitude, irrespective of multidrug-resistance or hyaluronic acid addition. The effect was less intense in Gram-negative strains (disinfection), and more pronounced in Gram-positive strains (sterilization), even at reduced THPTS concentrations or decreased light treatment intensity. Controls without THPTS or without light treatment did not indicate reduced bacterial density. CONCLUSIONS PDI with THPTS and laser light was effective in all investigated bacterial strains. Gram-negative strains were less, but sufficiently, susceptible to PDI. Adding hyaluronic acid did not reduce the antibacterial treatment effect. LED-based PDI is equally effective when illumination duration is increased to compensate for reduced light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Ziganshyna
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Guttenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norman Lippmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Bercker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Voigt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Khrystyna Gerlach
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Robert Werdehausen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany.
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Mantareva V, Gol C, Kussovski V, Durmuş M, Angelov I. Impact of water-soluble zwitterionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines against pathogenic bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 74:183-191. [PMID: 31194695 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1-4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1-4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1-3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (-) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1-4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1-4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Phone: +35 9 9606 181
| | - Cem Gol
- Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Innovative Food Technologies Development Application and Research Center, Gölköy, Bolu, 14300, Turkey
| | - Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., Bld. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., Bld. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sułek A, Pucelik B, Kuncewicz J, Dubin G, Dąbrowski JM. Sensitization of TiO2 by halogenated porphyrin derivatives for visible light biomedical and environmental photocatalysis. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Aggarwal A, Samaroo D, Jovanovic IR, Singh S, Tuz MP, Mackiewicz MR. Porphyrinoid-based photosensitizers for diagnostic and therapeutic applications: An update. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based molecules are actively studied as dual function theranostics: fluorescence-based imaging for diagnostics and fluorescence-guided therapeutic treatment of cancers. The intrinsic fluorescent and photodynamic properties of the bimodal molecules allows for these theranostic approaches. Several porphyrinoids bearing both hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic units at their periphery have been developed for the aforementioned applications, but better tumor selectivity and high efficacy to destroy tumor cells is always a key setback for their use. Another issue related to their effective clinical use is that, most of these chromophores form aggregates under physiological conditions. Nanomaterials that are known to possess incredible properties that cannot be achieved from their bulk systems can serve as carriers for these chromophores. Porphyrinoids, when conjugated with nanomaterials, can be enabled to perform as multifunctional nanomedicine devices. The integrated properties of these porphyrinoid-nanomaterial conjugated systems make them useful for selective drug delivery, theranostic capabilities, and multimodal bioimaging. This review highlights the use of porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines as well as their multifunctional nanodevices in various biomedical theranostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Diana Samaroo
- New York City College of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 285 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
- Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Sunaina Singh
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
| | - Michelle Paola Tuz
- LaGuardia Community College, 31-10 Thomson Ave., Long Island City, NY 11101, USA
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Kussovski V, Mantareva V, Durmuş M, Angelov I. Quaternized Zn(II) phthalocyanines for photodynamic strategy against resistant periodontal bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:221-228. [PMID: 29306935 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been featured as an effective strategy in the treatment of acute drug-resistant infections. The efficiency of PDI was evaluated against three periodontal pathogenic bacteria that were tested as drug-resistant strains. In vitro studies were performed with four water-soluble cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc1-4) and irradiation of a specific light source (light-emitting diode, 665 nm) with three doses (15, 36 and 60 J/cm2). The well detectable fluorescence of ZnPcs allowed the cellular imaging, which suggested relatively high uptakes of ZnPcs into bacterial species. Complete photoinactivation was achieved with all studied ZnPc1-4 for Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) at a light dose of 15 J/cm2. The photodynamic response was high for Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) after the application of 6 μM of ZnPc1 and a light dose of 36 J/cm2 and for 6 μM of ZnPc2 at 60 J/cm2. P. intermedia was inactivated with ZnPc3 (4 log) and ZnPc4 (2 log) with irradiation at an optimal dose of 60 J/cm2. Similar photoinactivation results (2 log) were achieved for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) treated with 6 μM ZnPc1 and ZnPc2 at a light dose of 60 J/cm2. The study suggested that PDI with quaternized Zn(II) phthalocyanines and specific light irradiation appears to be a very useful antimicrobial strategy for effective inactivation of drug-resistant periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesselin Kussovski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, str., Bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vanya Mantareva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, Tel.: +35-92-9606-181
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41 400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ivan Angelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Amos-Tautua BM, Songca SP, Oluwafemi OS. Application of Porphyrins in Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:E2456. [PMID: 31277423 PMCID: PMC6650910 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used to control, treat, or prevent bacterial infections, however bacterial resistance to all known classes of traditional antibiotics has greatly increased in the past years especially in hospitals rendering certain therapies ineffective. To limit this emerging public health problem, there is a need to develop non-incursive, non-toxic, and new antimicrobial techniques that act more effectively and quicker than the current antibiotics. One of these effective techniques is antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). This review focuses on the application of porphyrins in the photo-inactivation of bacteria. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance and some of the current 'greener' methods of synthesis of meso-phenyl porphyrins are discussed. In addition, significance and limitations of aPDT are also discussed. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the current clinical applications and the future perspectives and directions of this non-antibiotic therapeutic strategy in combating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele M Amos-Tautua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Sandile P Songca
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Oluwatobi S Oluwafemi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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Thakur NS, Patel G, Kushwah V, Jain S, Banerjee UC. Facile development of biodegradable polymer-based nanotheranostics: Hydrophobic photosensitizers delivery, fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Adarsh N, Babu PSS, Avirah RR, Viji M, Nair SA, Ramaiah D. Aza-BODIPY nanomicelles as versatile agents for the in vitro and in vivo singlet oxygen-triggered apoptosis of human breast cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:2372-2377. [PMID: 32254685 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesised four aza-BODIPY dyes (1-4) with the singlet oxygen generation quantum yield values of ca. 65-85%. Furthermore, we formulated a nanomedicine by encapsulating these dyes into an amphiphilic micelle, DSPE. The spherical nanomicelles formed were characterized using photophysical and morphological analyses, and their in vitro and in vivo photodynamic efficacies were investigated. One of the conjugates, DSPE-1, showed the lowest IC50 value of 2 μM against a human breast cancer cell line (MDA MB 231). The mechanism of photodynamic activity has been evaluated by employing different biophysical and morphological assays, which confirmed apoptotic cell death (ca. 80-90%) predominantly through the involvement of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, we observed that 2 mg kg-1DSPE-1 induced enhanced apoptosis and efficient inhibition of the growth of breast tumor xenografts in NOD/SCID mice models. Herein, we demonstrated the application of aza-BODIPY nanomicelles in photodynamic therapy for the first time, and our results revealed that the DSPE-BODIPY nanomicelles enhanced the cellular uptake as well as the photodynamic activity, thereby demonstrating the use of these nanomicelles as efficient sensitizers in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagappanpillai Adarsh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 019, Kerala, India
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Antimicrobial activity and safety applications of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)platinum(II) porphyrin. Microb Pathog 2018; 128:47-54. [PMID: 30579946 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-platinated(II) porphyrin hexafluorophosphate compound (4-PtTPyPor) was synthetized and along 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (4-TPyPor), evaluated about the antimicrobial activity and safety. The effect was evaluated with and without light exposition. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by microdilution and growth curve method. The assays showed an increase of antimicrobial potential caused by porphyrins with light exposition comparing the treatment without light irradiation. The biocompatibility was tested by MTT, ROS production, dsDNA on culture medium and hemolysis. All platinum porphyrin concentrations showed hemolytic activity under light exposition. The ROS measurement doesn't showed statistic difference between treatments and control. The picogreen assay demonstrates a reduction of dsDNA on culture medium with cells treated with porphyrins under light irradiation. The study demonstrated that the platinated porphyrins might be promising microbial photodynamic inactivation with potential applications in wastewater treatment, biofilm control and bioremediation.
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Paul AK, Jayaram DT, Babu PSS, Adarsh N, Thurakkal S, Nair AS, Ramaiah D. Synthesis and in vitro photobiological studies of porphyrin capped gold nanoparticles
$$^{\S }$$
§. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hu X, Huang YY, Wang Y, Wang X, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Control Clinically Relevant Biofilm Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1299. [PMID: 29997579 PMCID: PMC6030385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial biofilms account for up to 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections in humans. Biofilm-associated pathogens are particularly resistant to antibiotic treatment, and thus novel antibiofilm approaches needed to be developed. Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT) had been recently proposed to combat clinically relevant biofilms such as dental biofilms, ventilator associated pneumonia, chronic wound infections, oral candidiasis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. aPDT uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS), which can be excited by harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). aPDT is a multi-stage process including topical PS administration, light irradiation, and interaction of the excited state with ambient oxygen. Numerous in vitro and in vivo aPDT studies have demonstrated biofilm-eradication or substantial reduction. ROS are produced upon photo-activation and attack adjacent targets, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix, on the cell surface and inside the microbial cells. Damage to non-specific targets leads to the destruction of both planktonic cells and biofilms. The review aims to summarize the progress of aPDT in destroying biofilms and the mechanisms mediated by ROS. Finally, a brief section provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuguang Wang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. An in vivo evaluation of microbial diversity before and after the photo-activated disinfection in primary endodontic infections: Traditional phenotypic and molecular approaches. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Thurakkal S, Soman A, Unni KN, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Simple solution processable carbazole-oxadiazole hybrids for un-doped deep-blue OLEDs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kumari R, Khan MI, Bhowmick S, Sinha KK, Das N, Das P. Self-assembly of DNA-porphyrin hybrid molecules for the creation of antimicrobial nanonetwork. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 172:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Al Awak MM, Wang P, Wang S, Tang Y, Sun YP, Yang L. Correlation of Carbon Dots' Light-Activated Antimicrobial Activities and Fluorescence Quantum Yield. RSC Adv 2017; 7:30177-30184. [PMID: 29177045 PMCID: PMC5697777 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05397e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the photo-activated antibacterial function of a series of specifically prepared carbon dots with 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) as the surface functionalization molecule (EDA-CDots), whose fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) ranged from 7.5% to 27%. The results revealed that the effectiveness of CDots' photo-activated bactericidal function was correlated with their observed ΦF values. The antimicrobial activities of these EDA-CDots against both Gram negative and Gram positive model bacterial species (E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively) were also evaluated under conditions of varying other experimental parameters including dot concentrations and treatment times. Optimization of the bactericidal effect of the EDA-CDots by a combination of the selected ΦF, concentration and treatment time was explored, and mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad M. Al Awak
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRTIE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRTIE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yongan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRTIE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Investigation of the antimicrobial effect of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as solvents in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 171:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Yuan Y, Liu ZQ, Jin H, Sun S, Liu TJ, Wang X, Fan HJ, Hou SK, Ding H. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy with the novel amino acid-porphyrin conjugate 4I: In vitro and in vivo studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176529. [PMID: 28493985 PMCID: PMC5426629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), as a novel and effective therapeutic modality to eradicate drug resistant bacteria without provoking multidrug resistance, has attracted increasing attention. This study examined the antimicrobial efficacy of the novel cationic amino acid-porphyrin conjugate 4I with four lysine groups against two different clinical isolated strains (drug sensitive and multidrug resistant) of the Acinetobacter baumannii species and its toxicity on murine dermal fibroblasts in vitro, as well as the therapeutic effect of PACT on acute, potentially lethal multidrug resistant strain excisional wound infections in vivo. The PACT protocol exposed 4I to illumination, exhibiting high antimicrobial efficacy on two different strains due to a high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and non-selectivity to microorganisms. The photoinactivation effects of 4I against two different strains were dose-dependent. At 3.9 μM and 7.8 μM, PACT induced 6 log units of inactivation of sensitive and multidrug resistant strains. In contrast, 4I alone and illumination alone treatments had no visibly antimicrobial effect. Moreover, cytotoxicity tests revealed the great safety of the photosensitizer 4I in mice. In the in vivo study, we found 4I-mediated PACT was not only able to kill bacteria but also accelerated wound recovery. Compared with non-treated mice, over 2.89 log reduction of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain was reached in PACT treat mice at 24 h post-treatment. These results imply that 4I-mediated PACT therapy is an effective and safe alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy and has clinical potential for superficial drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP), Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Quan Liu
- Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP), Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian-Jun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College – Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP), Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Jun Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP), Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Ke Hou
- Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP), Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Institute of Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Logistic University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force (PAP), Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Miyata S, Miyaji H, Kawasaki H, Yamamoto M, Nishida E, Takita H, Akasaka T, Ushijima N, Iwanaga T, Sugaya T. Antimicrobial photodynamic activity and cytocompatibility of Au 25(Capt) 18 clusters photoexcited by blue LED light irradiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2703-2716. [PMID: 28435253 PMCID: PMC5388257 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s131602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has beneficial effects in dental treatment. We applied captopril-protected gold (Au25(Capt)18) clusters as a novel photosensitizer for aPDT. Photoexcited Au clusters under light irradiation generated singlet oxygen (1O2). Accordingly, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of Au25(Capt)18 clusters under dental blue light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation were evaluated. 1O2 generation of Au25(Capt)18 clusters under blue LED irradiation (420–460 nm) was detected by a methotrexate (MTX) probe. The antimicrobial effects of photoexcited Au clusters (0, 5, 50, and 500 μg/mL) on oral bacterial cells, such as Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were assessed by morphological observations and bacterial growth experiments. Cytotoxicity testing of Au clusters and blue LED irradiation was then performed against NIH3T3 and MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, the biological performance of Au clusters (500 μg/mL) was compared to an organic dye photosensitizer, methylene blue (MB; 10 and 100 μg/mL). We confirmed the 1O2 generation ability of Au25(Capt)18 clusters through the fluorescence spectra of oxidized MTX. Successful application of photoexcited Au clusters to aPDT was demonstrated by dose-dependent decreases in the turbidity of oral bacterial cells. Morphological observation revealed that application of Au clusters stimulated destruction of bacterial cell walls and inhibited biofilm formation. Aggregation of Au clusters around bacterial cells was fluorescently observed. However, photoexcited Au clusters did not negatively affect the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of mammalian cells, particularly at lower doses. In addition, application of Au clusters demonstrated significantly better cytocompatibility compared to MB. We found that a combination of Au25(Capt)18 clusters and blue LED irradiation exhibited good antimicrobial effects through 1O2 generation and biosafe characteristics, which is desirable for aPDT in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Miyata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
| | - Hirofumi Miyaji
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka
| | - Erika Nishida
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
| | - Hiroko Takita
- Support Section for Education and Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine
| | - Tsukasa Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Natsumi Ushijima
- Support Section for Education and Research, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo
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42
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Malatesti N, Munitic I, Jurak I. Porphyrin-based cationic amphiphilic photosensitisers as potential anticancer, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:149-168. [PMID: 28510089 PMCID: PMC5425819 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitiser, light and molecular oxygen to induce oxidative stress that can be used to kill pathogens, cancer cells and other highly proliferative cells. There is a growing number of clinically approved photosensitisers and applications of PDT, whose main advantages include the possibility of selective targeting, localised action and stimulation of the immune responses. Further improvements and broader use of PDT could be accomplished by designing new photosensitisers with increased selectivity and bioavailability. Porphyrin-based photosensitisers with amphiphilic properties, bearing one or more positive charges, are an effective tool in PDT against cancers, microbial infections and, most recently, autoimmune skin disorders. The aim of the review is to present some of the recent examples of the applications and research that employ this specific group of photosensitisers. Furthermore, we will highlight the link between their structural characteristics and PDT efficiency, which will be helpful as guidelines for rational design and evaluation of new PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Munitic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Igor Jurak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000, Rijeka, Croatia
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43
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Skwor TA, Klemm S, Zhang H, Schardt B, Blaszczyk S, Bork MA. Photodynamic inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli: A metalloporphyrin comparison. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 165:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Gardella L, Colonna S, Fina A, Monticelli O. A Novel Electrostimulated Drug Delivery System Based on PLLA Composites Exploiting the Multiple Functions of Graphite Nanoplatelets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24909-17. [PMID: 27581486 PMCID: PMC5084066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel drug delivery system based on poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), graphite, and porphyrin was developed. In particular, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) was chosen because, besides its potential as codispersing agent of graphite, it is a pharmacologically active molecule. Graphite nanoplatelets, homogeneously dispersed in both the neat PLLA and the PLLA/porphyrin films, which were prepared by solution casting, turned out to improve the crystallinity of the polymer. Moreover, IR measurements demonstrated that unlike PLLA/porphyrin film, where the porphyrin was prone to aggregate causing variable concentration throughout the sample, the system containing also GNP was characterized by a homogeneous dispersion of the above molecule. The effect of graphite nanoplatelets on the thermal stabilization, electrical conductivity, and improvement of mechanical properties of the polymer resulted to be increased by the addition of the porphyrin to the system, thus demonstrating the role of the molecule in ameliorating the filler dispersion in PLLA. The porphyrin release from the composite film, occurring both naturally and with the application of an electrical field, was measured using an UV-vis spectrophotometer. Indeed, voltage application turned out to improve significantly the kinetic of drug release. The biocompatibility of the polymer matrix as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite together with its electrical response makes the developed material extremely promising in biological applications, particularly in the drug delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Gardella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso,
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuele Colonna
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso,
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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45
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Wikene KO, Rukke HV, Bruzell E, Tønnesen HH. Physicochemical characterisation and antimicrobial phototoxicity of an anionic porphyrin in natural deep eutectic solvents. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 105:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with lutetium (III) acetate phthalocyanines and specific light irradiation. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1591-1598. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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47
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Xu Z, Gao Y, Meng S, Yang B, Pang L, Wang C, Liu T. Mechanism and In Vivo Evaluation: Photodynamic Antibacterial Chemotherapy of Lysine-Porphyrin Conjugate. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:242. [PMID: 26973620 PMCID: PMC4774361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-porphyrin conjugate 4i has potent photosensitive antibacterial effect on clinical isolated bacterial strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanism of photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy of 4i (4i-PACT) in vitro and the treatment effect in vivo was investigated in this paper. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that 4i-PACT can effectively destroy membrane and wall of bacteria, resulting in leakage of its content. This was confirmed by dual fluorescent staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and measuring materials absorption at 260 nm. Agarose gel electrophoresis measurement showed that 4i-PACT can damage genomic DNA. Healing of wound in rat infected by mixed bacteria showed that the efficiency of 4i-PACT is dependent on the dose of light. These results showed that 4i-PACT has promising bactericidal effect both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengping Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiang Gao
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjin, China; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Baochen Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
| | - Liyun Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital Tianjin, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College - Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin, China
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48
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Rangasamy S, Ju H, Um S, Oh DC, Song JM. Mitochondria and DNA Targeting of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(7-sulfonatobenzo[b]thiophene) Porphyrin-Induced Photodynamic Therapy via Intrinsic and Extrinsic Apoptotic Cell Death. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6864-74. [PMID: 26295496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) selectively targets subcellular organelles and promises an excellent therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we report the synthesis of a new water-soluble photosensitizer, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (7-sulfonatobenzo[b]thiophene) porphyrin (SBTP). Rational design of the porphyrinic molecule containing benzo[b]thiophene moiety at the meso-position led to selective accumulation in both mitochondria and nucleus of MCF-7 cells. This multitarget ability of SBTP can cause damage to mitochondria as well as DNA simultaneously. FACS analysis showed rapid cellular uptake of SBTP. High-content cell-based assay was executed to concurrently monitor increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), and caspase-3/7/8 activation in MCF-7 cells under the pathological condition caused by PDT action of SBTP. The study of cell death dynamics showed that PDT action of SBTP caused an increase in the MPT followed by an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) level. The localization of SBTP in the mitochondria activated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additionally, localization of SBTP in the nucleus led to DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. The DNA fragmentation that occurred by PDT action of SBTP was thought to be responsible for extrinsic apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. SBTP demonstrated effective PDT activity of 5 μM IC50 value to MCF-7 cells by bitargeting mitochondria and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hee Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Um
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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49
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Improved antibacterial phototoxicity of a neutral porphyrin in natural deep eutectic solvents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:188-196. [PMID: 25966307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutral porphyrins for antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have received little attention due to their tendency to aggregate in aqueous media and reports of low phototoxic effect. These compounds may be less toxic to cells than positively and negatively charged photosensitisers. The preparation of highly bacterial phototoxic formulations of neutral porphyrins remains an open field of research with great potential if achievable. The purpose of this study was to develop novel hydrophilic formulations of the neutral porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (THPP) by use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Physical and photochemical stability and in vitro photoinactivation of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli were investigated. Two of the 15 NADES investigated demonstrated superior solubilising properties of THPP. The photostability of THPP was higher in NADES than in methanol. A 100-fold dilution of the preparations with buffer to a final concentration of 0.5-5 nM THPP resulted in complete photoinactivation of E. faecalis and E. coli both in their exponential and stationary phase. THPP demonstrated significantly higher phototoxicity when formulated in NADES than in other aqueous preparations like phosphate buffered saline. NADES as a formulation concept for photosensitisers shows a great potential in aPDT.
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50
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Zhang L, Wang A, Lu S, Zhou L, Zhou J, Lin Y, Wei S. The influences of the number of the ammonium groups and their arrangement manner on the photophysical properties of the quaternized zinc phthalocyanines. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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