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Tsers I, Parfirova O, Moruzhenkova V, Petrova O, Gogoleva N, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. A Switch from Latent to Typical Infection during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Tobacco Interactions: Predicted and True Molecular Players. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13283. [PMID: 37686094 PMCID: PMC10487725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic microorganisms, being able to cause plant diseases, usually interact with hosts asymptomatically, resulting in the development of latent infections. Knowledge of the mechanisms that trigger a switch from latent to typical, symptomatic infection is of great importance from the perspectives of both fundamental science and disease management. No studies to date have compared, at the systemic molecular level, the physiological portraits of plants when different infection types (typical and latent) are developed. The only phytopathogenic bacterium for which latent infections were not only widely described but also at least fluently characterized at the molecular level is Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba). The present study aimed at the comparison of plant transcriptome responses during typical and latent infections caused by Pba in order to identify and then experimentally verify the key molecular players that act as switchers, turning peaceful plant-Pba coexistence into a typical infection. Based on RNA-Seq, we predicted plant cell wall-, secondary metabolism-, and phytohormone-related genes whose products contributed to the development of the disease or provided asymptomatic plant-Pba interactions. By treatment tests, we confirmed that a switch from latent to typical Pba-caused infection is determined by the plant susceptible responses mediated by the joint action of ethylene and jasmonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Varvara Moruzhenkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.P.); (V.M.); (O.P.); (N.G.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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2
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Host plant physiological transformation and microbial population heterogeneity as important determinants of the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae-plant interactions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 148-149:33-41. [PMID: 36621443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pectobacterium and Dickeya species belonging to the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) are one of the most devastating phytopathogens. They degrade plant tissues by producing an arsenal of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. However, SRP-plant interactions are not restricted to the production of these "brute force" weapons. Additionally, these bacteria apply stealth behavior related to (1) manipulation of the host plant via induction of susceptible responses and (2) formation of heterogeneous populations with functionally specialized cells. Our review aims to summarize current knowledge on SRP-induced plant susceptible responses and on the heterogeneity of SRP populations. The review shows that SRP are capable of adjusting the host's hormonal balance, inducing host-mediated plant cell wall modification, promoting iron assimilation by the host, stimulating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and host cell death, and activating the synthesis of secondary metabolites that are ineffective in limiting disease progression. By this means, SRP facilitate host plant susceptibility. During host colonization, SRP populations produce various functionally specialized cells adapted for enhanced virulence, increased resistance, motility, vegetative growth, or colonization of the vascular system. This enables SRP to perform self-contradictory tasks, which benefits a population's overall fitness in various environments, including host plants. Such stealthy tactical actions facilitate plant-SRP interactions and disease progression.
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Islamov B, Petrova O, Mikshina P, Kadyirov A, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. The Role of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Exopolysaccharides in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12781. [PMID: 34884586 PMCID: PMC8657720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), one of the members of the soft rot Pectobacteriaceae, forms biofilm-like structures known as bacterial emboli when colonizing the primary xylem vessels of the host plants. The initial extracellular matrix of the bacterial emboli is composed of the host plant's pectic polysaccharides, which are gradually substituted by the Pba-produced exopolysaccharides (Pba EPS) as the bacterial emboli "mature". No information about the properties of Pba EPS and their possible roles in Pba-plant interactions has so far been obtained. We have shown that Pba EPS possess physical properties that can promote the maintenance of the structural integrity of bacterial emboli. These polymers increase the viscosity of liquids and form large supramolecular aggregates. The formation of Pba EPS aggregates is provided (at least partly) by the acetyl groups of the Pba EPS molecules. Besides, Pba EPS scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of which is known to be associated with the formation of bacterial emboli. In addition, Pba EPS act as suppressors of the quantitative immunity of plants, repressing PAMP-induced reactions; this property is partly lost in the deacetylated form of Pba EPS. Overall, our study shows that Pba EPS play structural, protective, and immunosuppressive roles during Pba-plant interactions and thus should be considered as virulence factors of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Aidar Kadyirov
- Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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Zhang Z, Long Y, Yin X, Yang S. Sulfur-Induced Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via Triggering Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312710. [PMID: 34884527 PMCID: PMC8657834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur has been previously reported to modulate plant growth and exhibit significant anti-microbial activities. However, the mechanism underlying its diverse effects on plant pathogens has not been elucidated completely. The present study conducted the two-year field experiment of sulfur application to control kiwifruit canker from 2017 to 2018. For the first time, our study uncovered activation of plant disease resistance by salicylic acid after sulfur application in kiwifruit. The results indicated that when the sulfur concentration was 1.5–2.0 kg m−3, the induced effect of kiwifruit canker reached more than 70%. Meanwhile, a salicylic acid high lever was accompanied by the decline of jasmonic acid. Further analysis revealed the high expression of the defense gene, especially AcPR-1, which is a marker of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, AcICS1, another critical gene of salicylic acid synthesis, was also highly expressed. All contributed to the synthesis of increasing salicylic acid content in kiwifruit leaves. Moreover, the first key lignin biosynthetic AcPAL gene was marked up-regulated. Thereafter, accumulation of lignin content in the kiwifruit stem and the higher deposition of lignin were visible in histochemical analysis. Moreover, the activity of the endochitinase activity of kiwifruit leaves increased significantly. We suggest that the sulfur-induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via salicylic activates systemic acquired resistance to enhance plant immune response in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Youhua Long
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianhui Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Sen Yang
- Kiwifruit Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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Petrova O, Parfirova O, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. Stringent Response in Bacteria and Plants with Infection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1811-1817. [PMID: 34296953 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0510-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stringent response (SR), a primary stress reaction in bacteria and plant chloroplasts, is a molecular switch that provides operational stress-induced reprogramming of transcription under conditions of abiotic and biotic stress. Because the infection is a stressful situation for both partners (the host plant and the pathogen), we analyzed the expression of bacterial and plastid SR-related genes during plant-microbial interaction. In the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum, SpoT-dependent SR was induced after contact with potato or tobacco plants. In plants, two different scenarios of molecular events developed under bacterial infection. Plastid SR was not induced in the host plant potato Solanum tuberosum, which co-evolved with the pathogen for a long time. In this case, the salicylic acid defense pathway was activated and plants were more resistant to bacterial infection. SR was activated in the tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (experimental host) along with activation of jasmonic acid-related genes, resulting in plant death. These results are important to more fully understand the evolutionary interactions between plants and symbionts/pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
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Gorshkov V, Tsers I. Plant susceptible responses: the underestimated side of plant-pathogen interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:45-66. [PMID: 34435443 PMCID: PMC9291929 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant susceptibility to pathogens is usually considered from the perspective of the loss of resistance. However, susceptibility cannot be equated with plant passivity since active host cooperation may be required for the pathogen to propagate and cause disease. This cooperation consists of the induction of reactions called susceptible responses that transform a plant from an autonomous biological unit into a component of a pathosystem. Induced susceptibility is scarcely discussed in the literature (at least compared to induced resistance) although this phenomenon has a fundamental impact on plant-pathogen interactions and disease progression. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on plant susceptible responses and their regulation. We highlight two main categories of susceptible responses according to their consequences and indicate the relevance of susceptible response-related studies to agricultural practice. We hope that this review will generate interest in this underestimated aspect of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia.,Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Ivan Tsers
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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Gorshkov V, Tsers I, Islamov B, Ageeva M, Gogoleva N, Mikshina P, Parfirova O, Gogoleva O, Petrova O, Gorshkova T, Gogolev Y. The Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Potato Plants during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Caused Infection. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071407. [PMID: 34371610 PMCID: PMC8309280 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our study is the first to consider the changes in the entire set of matrix plant cell wall (PCW) polysaccharides in the course of a plant infectious disease. We compared the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide content, and the epitope distribution of pectic compounds and cross-linking glycans in non-infected potato plants and plants infected with Pectobacterium atrosepticum at the initial and advanced stages of plant colonization by the pathogen. To predict the gene products involved in the modification of the PCW polysaccharide skeleton during the infection, the expression profiles of potato and P. atrosepticum PCW-related genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq along with phylogenetic analysis. The assemblage of P. atrosepticum biofilm-like structures—the bacterial emboli—and the accumulation of specific fragments of pectic compounds that prime the formation of these structures were demonstrated within potato plants (a natural host of P. atrosepticum). Collenchyma was shown to be the most “vulnerable” tissue to P. atrosepticum among the potato stem tissues. The infection caused by the representative of the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae was shown to affect not only pectic compounds but also cross-linking glycans; the content of the latter was increased in the infected plants compared to the non-infected ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Tsers
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (M.A.); (N.G.); (P.M.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (T.G.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (I.T.); (O.G.)
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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Bourigault Y, Chane A, Barbey C, Jafra S, Czajkowski R, Latour X. Biosensors Used for Epifluorescence and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopies to Study Dickeya and Pectobacterium Virulence and Biocontrol. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020295. [PMID: 33535657 PMCID: PMC7912877 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter-probe vectors carrying fluorescent protein-reporter genes are powerful tools used to study microbial ecology, epidemiology, and etiology. In addition, they provide direct visual evidence of molecular interactions related to cell physiology and metabolism. Knowledge and advances carried out thanks to the construction of soft-rot Pectobacteriaceae biosensors, often inoculated in potato Solanum tuberosum, are discussed in this review. Under epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopies, Dickeya and Pectobacterium-tagged strains managed to monitor in situ bacterial viability, microcolony and biofilm formation, and colonization of infected plant organs, as well as disease symptoms, such as cell-wall lysis and their suppression by biocontrol antagonists. The use of dual-colored reporters encoding the first fluorophore expressed from a constitutive promoter as a cell tag, while a second was used as a regulator-based reporter system, was also used to simultaneously visualize bacterial spread and activity. This revealed the chronology of events leading to tuber maceration and quorum-sensing communication, in addition to the disruption of the latter by biocontrol agents. The promising potential of these fluorescent biosensors should make it possible to apprehend other activities, such as subcellular localization of key proteins involved in bacterial virulence in planta, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvann Bourigault
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Andrea Chane
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Corinne Barbey
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Division of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, ul. A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- Division of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, ul. A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +48-58-523-63-33 (R.C.); +33-235-146-000 (X.L.)
| | - Xavier Latour
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +48-58-523-63-33 (R.C.); +33-235-146-000 (X.L.)
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Tsers I, Gorshkov V, Gogoleva N, Parfirova O, Petrova O, Gogolev Y. Plant Soft Rot Development and Regulation from the Viewpoint of Transcriptomic Profiling. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091176. [PMID: 32927917 PMCID: PMC7570247 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium species is a devastating plant disease poorly characterized in terms of host plant responses. In this study, changes in the transcriptome of tobacco plants after infection with Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba) were analyzed using RNA-Seq. To draw a comprehensive and nontrivially itemized picture of physiological events in Pba-infected plants and to reveal novel potential molecular "players" in plant-Pba interactions, an original functional gene classification was performed. The classifications present in various databases were merged, enriched by "missed" genes, and divided into subcategories. Particular changes in plant cell wall-related processes, perturbations in hormonal and other regulatory systems, and alterations in primary, secondary, and redox metabolism were elucidated in terms of gene expression. Special attention was paid to the prediction of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the disease's development. Herewith, gene expression was analyzed within the predicted TF regulons assembled at the whole-genome level based on the presence of particular cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in gene promoters. Several TFs, whose regulons were enriched by differentially expressed genes, were considered to be potential master regulators of Pba-induced plant responses. Differential regulation of genes belonging to a particular multigene family and encoding cognate proteins was explained by the presence/absence of the particular CRE in gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Tsers
- Laboratory of plant infectious diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Laboratory of plant infectious diseases, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (Y.G.)
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (N.G.); (O.P.); (O.P.); (Y.G.)
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10
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Tovar-Herrera OE, Rodríguez M, Olarte-Lozano M, Sampedro-Guerrero JA, Guerrero A, Pinto-Cámara R, Alvarado-Affantranger X, Wood CD, Moran-Mirabal JM, Pastor N, Segovia L, Martínez-Anaya C. Analysis of the Binding of Expansin Exl1, from Pectobacterium carotovorum, to Plant Xylem and Comparison to EXLX1 from Bacillus subtilis. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7008-7018. [PMID: 30221235 PMCID: PMC6130903 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The plant xylem is a preferred niche for some important bacterial phytopathogens, some of them encoding expansin proteins, which bind plant cell walls. Yet, the identity of the substrate for bacterial expansins within the plant cell wall and the nature of its interaction with it are poorly known. Here, we determined the localization of two bacterial expansins with differing isoelectric points (and with differing binding patterns to cell wall extracts) on plant tissue through in vitro fluorophore labeling and confocal imaging. Differential localization was observed, in which Exl1 from Pectobacterium carotovorum located into the intercellular spaces between xylem vessels and adjacent cells of the plant xylem, whereas EXLX1 from Bacillus subtilis bound cell walls of most cell types. In isolated vascular tissue, however, both PcExl1 and BsEXLX1 preferentially bound to tracheary elements over the xylem fibers, even though both are composed of secondary cell walls. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, employed to analyze the interaction of expansins with isolated xylem, indicates that binding is governed by more than one factor, which could include interaction with more than one type of polymer in the fibers, such as cellulose and hemicellulose or pectin. Binding to different polysaccharides could explain the observed reduction of cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities in the presence of expansin, possibly because of competition for the substrate. Our findings are relevant for the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis by P. carotovorum during xylem invasion, a process in which Exl1 might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Tovar-Herrera
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mabel Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Centro
de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Miguel Olarte-Lozano
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jimmy Andrés Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Adán Guerrero
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Raúl Pinto-Cámara
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Xóchitl Alvarado-Affantranger
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Christopher D. Wood
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jose M. Moran-Mirabal
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster
University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro
de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad
Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Segovia
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Claudia Martínez-Anaya
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis,
Instituto de Biotecnología, and Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía
Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Mexico
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11
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Gorshkov V, Tarasova N, Gogoleva N, Osipova E, Petrova O, Kovtunov E, Gogolev Y. Polyphenol oxidase from Pectobacterium atrosepticum: identification and cloning of gene and characteristics of the enzyme. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:998-1009. [PMID: 29067700 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we attempted to elucidate if the harmful phytopathogenic bacteria of Pectobacterium genus (P. atrosepticum) possess the enzymes for oxidation of phenolic compounds. Polyphenol oxidase (laccase) activity was revealed in P. atrosepticum cell lysates. Using bioinformatic analysis, an ORF encoding a putative copper-containing polyphenol oxidase of 241 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 25.9 kDa was found. This protein (named Pal1) shares significant level of identity with laccases of a new type described for several bacterial species. Cloning and expression of the pal1 gene and the analysis of corresponding recombinant protein confirmed that Pal1 possessed laccase activity. The recombinant Pal1 protein was characterized in terms of substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, pH and temperature optimum, sensitivity to inhibitors and metal content. Pal1 demonstrated alkali- and thermo-tolerance. The kinetic parameters Km and kcat for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol were 0.353 ± 0.062 mM and 98.79 ± 4.9 s-1 , respectively. The protein displayed high tolerance to sodium azide, sodium fluoride, NaCl, SDS and cinnamic acid. The transcript level of the pal1 gene in P. atrosepticum was shown to be induced by plant-derived phenolic compound (ferulic acid) and copper sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Tarasova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Osipova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kovtunov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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12
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Gorshkov V, Islamov B, Mikshina P, Petrova O, Burygin G, Sigida E, Shashkov A, Daminova A, Ageeva M, Idiyatullin B, Salnikov V, Zuev Y, Gorshkova T, Gogolev Y. Pectobacterium atrosepticum exopolysaccharides: identification, molecular structure, formation under stress and in planta conditions. Glycobiology 2017; 27:1016-1026. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Burygin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov, 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena Sigida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov, 13, 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Shashkov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amina Daminova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Bulat Idiyatullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lobachevsky Str. 2/31, P.O. Box 30, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street,18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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