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Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Xiong Y. Sailing in complex nutrient signaling networks: Where I am, where to go, and how to go? MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1635-1660. [PMID: 37740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
To ensure survival and promote growth, sessile plants have developed intricate internal signaling networks tailored in diverse cells and organs with both shared and specialized functions that respond to various internal and external cues. A fascinating question arises: how can a plant cell or organ diagnose the spatial and temporal information it is experiencing to know "where I am," and then is able to make the accurate specific responses to decide "where to go" and "how to go," despite the absence of neuronal systems found in mammals. Drawing inspiration from recent comprehensive investigations into diverse nutrient signaling pathways in plants, this review focuses on the interactive nutrient signaling networks mediated by various nutrient sensors and transducers. We assess and illustrate examples of how cells and organs exhibit specific responses to changing spatial and temporal information within these interactive plant nutrient networks. In addition, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which plants employ posttranslational modification codes to integrate different upstream nutrient signals, thereby conferring response specificities to the signaling hub proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent breakthrough studies that demonstrate the potential of modulating nutrient sensing and signaling as promising strategies to enhance crop yield, even with reduced fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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2
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Pavlovic T, Margarit E, Müller GL, Saenz E, Ruzzo AI, Drincovich MF, Borrás L, Saigo M, Wheeler MCG. Differential metabolic reprogramming in developing soybean embryos in response to nutritional conditions and abscisic acid. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:89-103. [PMID: 37702897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed storage compound deposition is influenced by both maternal and filial tissues. Within this framework, we analyzed strategies that operate during the development and filling of soybean embryos, using in vitro culture systems combined with metabolomics and proteomics approaches. The carbon:nitrogen ratio (C:N) of the maternal supply and the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are specific and interacting signals inducing differential metabolic reprogrammings linked to changes in the accumulation of storage macromolecules like proteins or oils. Differences in the abundance of sugars, amino acids, enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in signaling were detected. Embryos adapted to the nutritional status by enhancing the metabolism of both carbon and nitrogen under lower C:N ratio condition or only carbon under higher C:N ratio condition. ABA turned off multiple pathways especially in high availability of amino acids, prioritizing the storage compounds biosynthesis. Common responses induced by ABA involved increased sucrose uptake (to increase the sink force) and oleosin (oil body structural component) accumulation. In turn, ABA differentially promoted protein degradation under lower nitrogen supply in order to sustain the metabolic demands. Further, the operation of a citrate shuttle was suggested by transcript quantification and enzymatic activity measurements. The results obtained are useful to help define biotechnological tools and technological approaches to improve oil and protein yields, with direct impact on human and animal nutrition as well as in green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pavlovic
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Leticia Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Saenz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Iván Ruzzo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Fabiana Drincovich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucas Borrás
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino CC14, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Saigo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Mariel Claudia Gerrard Wheeler
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 570, S2000LRJ, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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3
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Pacheco JM, Song L, Kuběnová L, Ovečka M, Berdion Gabarain V, Peralta JM, Lehuedé TU, Ibeas MA, Ricardi MM, Zhu S, Shen Y, Schepetilnikov M, Ryabova LA, Alvarez JM, Gutierrez RA, Grossmann G, Šamaj J, Yu F, Estevez JM. Cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA linked to nutrient sensor TORC signaling controls root hair growth at low temperature linked to low nitrate in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:169-185. [PMID: 36716782 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RH) are excellent model systems for studying cell size and polarity since they elongate several hundred-fold their original size. Their tip growth is determined both by intrinsic and environmental signals. Although nutrient availability and temperature are key factors for a sustained plant growth, the molecular mechanisms underlying their sensing and downstream signaling pathways remain unclear. We use genetics to address the roles of the cell surface receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) and the nutrient sensing TOR Complex 1 (TORC) in RH growth. We identified that low temperature (10°C) triggers a strong RH elongation response in Arabidopsis thaliana involving FER and TORC. We found that FER is required to perceive limited nutrient availability caused by low temperature. FERONIA interacts with and activates TORC-downstream components to trigger RH growth. In addition, the small GTPase Rho of plants 2 (ROP2) is also involved in this RH growth response linking FER and TOR. We also found that limited nitrogen nutrient availability can mimic the RH growth response at 10°C in a NRT1.1-dependent manner. These results uncover a molecular mechanism by which a central hub composed by FER-ROP2-TORC is involved in the control of RH elongation under low temperature and nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Limei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Laborarory of Species Interaction and Biological Invasion, School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Lenka Kuběnová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Victoria Berdion Gabarain
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Tomás Urzúa Lehuedé
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Ibeas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martiniano M Ricardi
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mikhail Schepetilnikov
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lyubov A Ryabova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - José M Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), 7500000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Gutierrez
- ANID - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), 7500000, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation, 6904411, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence in Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), 8331150, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), 7500000, Santiago, Chile
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Khandaker MM, Jamaludin R, Majrashi A, Rashid ZM, Karim SMR, Al-Yasi HM, Badaluddin NA, Alenazi MM, Mohd KS. Enhancing Rubisco gene expression and metabolites accumulation for better plant growth in Ficus deltoidea under drought stress using hydrogen peroxide. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:965765. [PMID: 36247640 PMCID: PMC9562100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.965765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growth improvement of the medicinal plant, Ficus deltoidea (Mas Cotek) under drought conditions is a vital issue in Malaysia since it is a slow-growing plant and disposed to leaf damage under the stresses of drought. Therefore, investigation was done to examine the outcomes of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application on Rubisco gene expression and metabolites accumulation of stressed F. deltoidea plants, and thereby to record the changes in leaf histology, photosynthesis, biochemical properties, and the growth of the plant. H2O2 at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mM were foliar sprayed biweekly on the drought stressed plants using a hand sprayer. The application of 20 mM H2O2 amplified leaf number, tallness, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic yield by 143, 24, 88, and 18%, respectively, over the control plant. A reduced transpiration rate and improved chlorophyll fluorescence were also noted in H2O2-treated plants. The treatment produced a greater amount of chlorophyll a, total phenols, total flavonoids, sugar content, and antioxidant activities by 1.61-, 1.30-, 1.98-, 1.92-, and 1.53-fold, respectively. Application of 15 mM H2O2 enhanced net photosynthetic rate and internal CO2 concentrations by 1.05- and 1.25-fold, respectively. Additionally, H2O2 treatments promoted stomatal closure, increased stomata size, the number of stomata, improved vein structure, and reduced the damage of the leaf margin and mesophyll cells of drought stressed plants. The application of H2O2 also accumulated significantly higher contents of sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg+), and iron (Fe2+) in stressed plants. Although the amount of Arsenic (As+) and Antimony (Sb3+) increased to some extent, the increases were not at a toxic level. The use of H2O2 enhanced the Rubisco gene expression to a greater level and the ratio of Rubisco expression increased up to 16-fold. Finally, thirteen (13) identified and five (5) unmatched volatile compounds with a quality score above 70% were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The GCMS analysis showed that the foliar application of H2O2 accumulates a higher percentage of volatile components in plants which helps to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress. It is concluded that under drought stressed conditions the F. deltoidea plants should be treated with 10-15 mM of H2O2 twice a week to improve leaf histology, photosynthesis, the level of Rubisco gene expression and volatile compounds accumulation, and plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Jamaludin
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zalilawati Mat Rashid
- School of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Hatim M. Al-Yasi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Afiza Badaluddin
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Mekhled Mutiran Alenazi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khamsah Suryati Mohd
- School of Agriculture Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
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5
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Qureshi MK, Gawroński P, Munir S, Jindal S, Kerchev P. Hydrogen peroxide-induced stress acclimation in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:129. [PMID: 35141765 PMCID: PMC11073338 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Among all reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) takes a central role in regulating plant development and responses to the environment. The diverse role of H2O2 is achieved through its compartmentalized synthesis, temporal control exerted by the antioxidant machinery, and ability to oxidize specific residues of target proteins. Here, we examine the role of H2O2 in stress acclimation beyond the well-studied transcriptional reprogramming, modulation of plant hormonal networks and long-distance signalling waves by highlighting its global impact on the transcriptional regulation and translational machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran Qureshi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sana Munir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sunita Jindal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kerchev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Xie X, Wang Y, Datla R, Ren M. Auxin and Target of Rapamycin Spatiotemporally Regulate Root Organogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111357. [PMID: 34768785 PMCID: PMC8583787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The programs associated with embryonic roots (ERs), primary roots (PRs), lateral roots (LRs), and adventitious roots (ARs) play crucial roles in the growth and development of roots in plants. The root functions are involved in diverse processes such as water and nutrient absorption and their utilization, the storage of photosynthetic products, and stress tolerance. Hormones and signaling pathways play regulatory roles during root development. Among these, auxin is the most important hormone regulating root development. The target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway has also been shown to play a key role in root developmental programs. In this article, the milestones and influential progress of studying crosstalk between auxin and TOR during the development of ERs, PRs, LRs and ARs, as well as their functional implications in root morphogenesis, development, and architecture, are systematically summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan Xie
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Raju Datla
- Global Institute for Food Security in Saskatoon, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Labarotary of Space Biology, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; (X.X.); (Y.W.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (M.R.)
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7
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Zhigailov AV, Stanbekova GE, Beisenov DK, Nizkorodova AS, Polimbetova NS, Iskakov BK. Constructing the constitutively active ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtRPS6K2) and testing its activity in vitro. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:233-238. [PMID: 33659803 PMCID: PMC7904244 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.39-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) is the only phosphorylatable protein of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit. Ribosomes with phosphorylated RPS6 can selectively translate 5'TOP-(5'-terminal oligopyrimidine)-containing mRNAs that encode most proteins of the translation apparatus. The study of translational control of 5'TOP-mRNAs, which are preferentially translated when RPS6 is phosphorylated and cease to be translated when RPS6 is de-phosphorylated, is particularly important. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtRPS6 is phosphorylated by kinase AtRPS6K2, which should in turn be phosphorylated by upper level kinases (AtPDK1 - at serine (S) 296, AtTOR - at threonine (T) 455 and S437) for full activation. We have cloned AtRPS6K2 cDNA gene and carried out in vitro mutagenesis replacing codons encoding S296, S437 and T455 by triplets of phosphomimetic glutamic acid (E). After the expression of both natural and mutated cDNAs in Escherichia coli cells, two recombinant proteins were isolated: native AtRPS6K2 and presumably constitutively active AtRPS6K2(S296E, S437E, T455E). The activity of these variants was tested in vitro. Both kinases could phosphorylate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaRPS6 as part of 40S ribosomal subunits isolated from wheat embryos, though the non-mutated variant had less activity than phosphomimetic one. The ability of recombinant non-mutated kinase to phosphorylate TaRPS6 can be explained by its phosphorylation by bacterial kinases during the expression and isolation steps. The phosphomimetically mutated AtRPS6K2(S296E, S437E, T455E) can serve as a tool to investigate preferential translation of 5'TOP-mRNAs in wheat germ cell-free system, in which most of 40S ribosomal subunits have phosphorylated TaRPS6. Besides, such an approach has a biotechnological application in producing genetically modified plants with increased biomass and productivity through stimulation of cell growth and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Zhigailov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - G E Stanbekova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - D K Beisenov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - A S Nizkorodova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - N S Polimbetova
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - B K Iskakov
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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8
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Autophagy and Its Regulators in Response to Stress in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238889. [PMID: 33255241 PMCID: PMC7727659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To survive in stressful conditions, plants have developed multiple strategies to relieve damage. One of the strategies is to clear the damaged protein and organelles. Autophagy is a highly conservative degradation process, which refers to the recycling of damaged protein and organelles. Over the past decades, increasing evidence has revealed the important roles of autophagy in response to stress conditions, and many factors have been revealed involved in the sophisticated regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway. However, the accurate regulation pathway of the autophagy pathway is largely unknown. The current review proposes how stress-response factors respond to stress conditions involved in regulating the autophagy signaling pathway. In short, clarifying the regulating pathway of autophagy in response to stress conditions is beneficial to plant breeding.
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9
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Pereyra CM, Aznar NR, Rodriguez MS, Salerno GL, Martínez-Noël GMA. Target of rapamycin signaling is tightly and differently regulated in the plant response under distinct abiotic stresses. PLANTA 2019; 251:21. [PMID: 31781934 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
TOR signaling is finely regulated under diverse abiotic stresses and may be required for the plant response with a different time-course depending on the duration and nature of the stress. Target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling is a central regulator of growth and development in eukaryotic organisms. However, its regulation under stress conditions has not yet been elucidated. In Arabidopsis, we show that TOR transcripts and activity in planta are finely regulated within hours after the onset of salt, osmotic, cold and oxidative stress. The expression of genes encoding the partner proteins of the TOR complex, RAPTOR3G and LST8-1, is also regulated. Besides, the data indicate that TOR activity increases at some time during the adverse condition. Interestingly, in oxidative stress, the major TOR activity increment occurred transiently at the early phase of treatment, while in salt, osmotic and cold stress, it was around 1 day after the unfavorable condition was applied. Those results suggest that the TOR signaling has an important role in the plant response to an exposure to stress. Moreover, basal ROS (H2O2) levels and their modification under abiotic stresses were altered in TOR complex mutants. On the other hand, the root phenotypic analysis of the effects caused by the diverse abiotic stresses on TOR complex mutants revealed that they were differently affected, being in some cases less sensitive, than wild-type plants to long-term unfavorable conditions. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that TOR signaling is tightly regulated under abiotic stresses, at transcript and activity level, with different and specific time-course patterns according to the type of abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Taking our results together, we propose that TOR signaling should be necessary during the plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia M Pereyra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET) and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor R Aznar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET) and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marianela S Rodriguez
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Camino 60 cuadras km 5.5 X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA- CONICET), Camino 60 cuadras km 5.5 X5020ICA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela L Salerno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET) and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - Giselle M A Martínez-Noël
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET) and Fundación para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, Mar Del Plata, Argentina.
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10
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Upadhyaya S, Rao BJ. Reciprocal regulation of photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration by TOR kinase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00184. [PMID: 31832599 PMCID: PMC6854518 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While the role of TOR kinase in the chloroplast biogenesis and transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis is well documented in Arabidopsis, the functional relevance of this metabolic sensor kinase in chloroplast-mitochondria cross talk is unknown. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as the model system, we demonstrate the role of TOR kinase in the regulation of chloroplast and mitochondrial functions: We show that TOR kinase inhibition impairs the maintenance of high ETR associated with PSII and low NPQ and inhibits efficient state transitions between PSII and PSI. While compromised photosynthetic functions are observed in TOR kinase inhibited cells, same conditions lead to augmentation in mitochondrial basal respiration rate by twofold and concomitantly a rise in ATP production. Interestingly, such upregulated mitochondrial functions in TOR-inhibited cells are mediated by fragmented mitochondria via upregulating COXIIb and downregulating Hxk1 and AOX1 protein levels. We propose that TOR kinase may act as a sensor that counter-regulates chloroplast versus mitochondrial functions in a normal C. reinhardtii cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological SciencesTata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)MumbaiIndia
| | - Basuthkar Jagadeeshwar Rao
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) TirupatiTransit Campus: Sree Rama Engineering CollegeTirupatiIndia
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11
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Corona-Sánchez I, Peña-Uribe CA, González-López O, Villegas J, Campos-Garcia J, Reyes de la Cruz H. Cyclodipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa modulate the maize ( Zea mays L.) root system and promote S6 ribosomal protein kinase activation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7494. [PMID: 31523498 PMCID: PMC6717507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic and pathogenic bacterium with the ability to produce cyclodipeptides (CDPs), which belong to a large family of molecules with important biological activities. Excessive amounts of CDPs produced by Pseudomonas strains can activate an auxin response in Arabidopsis thaliana and promote plant growth. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein kinase that coordinates cell growth and metabolic processes in response to environmental and nutritional signals. Target of rapamycin kinase phosphorylates various substrates, of which S6 ribosomal protein kinase (S6K) is particularly well known. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway has been studied extensively in mammals because of its association with fundamental biological processes including cell differentiation. However, evidences suggest that this pathway also has specific and conserved functions in plants and may thus be conserved, as are several of its components like TOR complex 1 and S6K proteins. In plants, TOR-S6K signaling has been shown to be modulated in response to plant growth promoters or stressors. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of P. aeruginosa CDPs on the growth and root development of maize plants (Zea mays L.) by adding different CDPs concentrations on culture plant media, as well as the effect on the phosphorylation of the maize S6K protein (ZmS6K) by protein electrophoresis and western blot. Results Our results showed that P. aeruginosa CDPs promoted maize growth and development, including modifications in the root system architecture, correlating with the increased ZmS6K phosphorylation and changes induced in electrophoretic mobility, suggesting post-translational modifications on ZmS6K. These findings suggest that the plant growth-promoting effect of the Pseudomonas genus, associated with the CDPs production, involves the TOR/S6K signaling pathway as a mechanism of plant growth and root development in plant–microorganism interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Corona-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Cesar Arturo Peña-Uribe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Omar González-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Javier Villegas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Agroecología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Jesus Campos-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Microbiana, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Homero Reyes de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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