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Kumari P, Deepa N, Trivedi PK, Singh BK, Srivastava V, Singh A. Plants and endophytes interaction: a "secret wedlock" for sustainable biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:226. [PMID: 37925404 PMCID: PMC10625306 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plants possess immense pharmacological properties because of the presence of various therapeutic bioactive secondary metabolites that are of great importance in many pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, to strike a balance between meeting industry demands and conserving natural habitats, medicinal plants are being cultivated on a large scale. However, to enhance the yield and simultaneously manage the various pest infestations, agrochemicals are being routinely used that have a detrimental impact on the whole ecosystem, ranging from biodiversity loss to water pollution, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and enormous health hazards to both consumers and agricultural workers. To address the challenges, biological eco-friendly alternatives are being looked upon with high hopes where endophytes pitch in as key players due to their tight association with the host plants. The intricate interplay between plants and endophytic microorganisms has emerged as a captivating subject of scientific investigation, with profound implications for the sustainable biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. This review delves into the hidden world of the "secret wedlock" between plants and endophytes, elucidating their multifaceted interactions that underpin the synthesis of bioactive compounds with medicinal significance in their plant hosts. Here, we briefly review endophytic diversity association with medicinal plants and highlight the potential role of core endomicrobiome. We also propose that successful implementation of in situ microbiome manipulation through high-end techniques can pave the way towards a more sustainable and pharmaceutically enriched future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Kumari
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Nikky Deepa
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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2
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Watts D, Palombo EA, Jaimes Castillo A, Zaferanloo B. Endophytes in Agriculture: Potential to Improve Yields and Tolerances of Agricultural Crops. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1276. [PMID: 37317250 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi and bacteria live asymptomatically within plant tissues. In recent decades, research on endophytes has revealed that their significant role in promoting plants as endophytes has been shown to enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and disease resistance in the host plants, resulting in improved crop yields. Evidence shows that endophytes can provide improved tolerances to salinity, moisture, and drought conditions, highlighting the capacity to farm them in marginal land with the use of endophyte-based strategies. Furthermore, endophytes offer a sustainable alternative to traditional agricultural practices, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and in turn reducing the risks associated with chemical treatments. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on endophytes in agriculture, highlighting their potential as a sustainable solution for improving crop productivity and general plant health. This review outlines key nutrient, environmental, and biotic stressors, providing examples of endophytes mitigating the effects of stress. We also discuss the challenges associated with the use of endophytes in agriculture and the need for further research to fully realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Alex Jaimes Castillo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Bita Zaferanloo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
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3
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Wu Y, Xiao S, Qi J, Gong Y, Li K. Pseudomonas fluorescens BsEB-1: an endophytic bacterium isolated from the root of Bletilla striata that can promote its growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2100626. [PMID: 35922084 PMCID: PMC9354766 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens (BsEB-1) was obtained from the roots of Bletilla striata. We investigated its growth-promoting properties and observed the impact of its inoculation on both the growth and polysaccharide content of Bletilla striata tubers. It was found that BsEB-1 possessed three growth-promoting activities: phosphate-solubilizing, produced indoleacetic acid (IAA) and siderophores, but had no nitrogen-fixing activity. BsEB-1 could rapidly attach to the root hairs of Bletilla striata tissue culture seedlings and endophytically colonize the region of maturation in the roots. It also significantly promoted the rooting and transplant survival rate of the seedlings, as well as the growth and expansion of the tubers, but did not increase their polysaccharide content. Pseudomonas fluorescens BsEB-1 exhibits potential for applications in the artificial planting of Bletilla striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Suhui Xiao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Jiaseng Qi
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yongchang Gong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Kunzhi Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
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4
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Guo X, Li Q, Yan B, Wang Y, Wang S, Xiong F, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Guo L. Mild shading promotes sesquiterpenoid synthesis and accumulation in Atractylodes lancea by regulating photosynthesis and phytohormones. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21648. [PMID: 36522369 PMCID: PMC9755305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea rhizome (AR) has high medicinal and economic value. A previous study has reported that the accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in AR has obvious advantages under bamboo canopy. A concrete shade value to promote the cultivation of high-quality AR has not been established. In this study, 80% shading was screened at six different light intensities (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 7%), and the mechanism was explored in terms of photosynthetic efficiency and phytohormones levels. The results indicated that the total sesquiterpenoid content of 80% mild shading increased by 58%, 52%, and 35%, respectively, compared to 100% strong light in seedling, expansion, and harvest stages and increased by 144%, 178%, and 94%, respectively, compared with 7% low light. The sesquiterpenoids hinesol and β-eudesmol contributed approximately 70% to the differential contribution ratio between mild shading and strong light (100%) or between mild shading and low light (7%). Furthermore, HMGR, DXR, and FPPS genes, which regulate sesquiterpenoid synthesis, were significantly upregulated in 80% mild shading. Transpiration rate; the intercellular CO2 concentration; net photosynthetic rate; and levels of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were strongly correlated (r > 0.85) with sesquiterpenoid accumulation. Cis-acting elements responding to light and phytohormones were present within the promoter regions of HMGR, DXR, and FPPS. Therefore, 80% shading promotes the synthesis and accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in AR by regulating photosynthetic efficiency and phytohormone production, thereby promoting transcriptional expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Guo
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Binbin Yan
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Feng Xiong
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Chengcai Zhang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yan Zhang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lanping Guo
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory and Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
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5
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Wang H, Wang Y, Kang C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Yang G, Zhou L, Xiang Z, Huang L, Liu D, Guo L. Drought stress modifies the community structure of root-associated microbes that improve Atractylodes lancea growth and medicinal compound accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032480. [PMID: 36531372 PMCID: PMC9756954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea is an important medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine, its rhizome is rich of volatile secondary metabolites with medicinal values and is largely demanded in modern markets. Currently, supply of high-yield, high-quality A. lancea is mainly achieved via cultivation. Certain soil microbes can benefit plant growth, secondary metabolism and induce resistance to environmental stresses. Hence, studies on the effects of soil microbe communities and isolates microorganisms on A. lancea is extremely meaningful for future application of microbes on cultivation. Here we investigated the effects of the inoculation with an entire soil microbial community on the growth, resistance to drought, and accumulation of major medicinal compounds (hinesol, β-eudesmol, atractylon and atractylodin) of A. lancea. We analyzed the interaction between A. lancea and the soil microbes at the phylum and genus levels under drought stress of different severities (inflicted by 0%, 10% and 25% PEG6000 treatments). Our results showed that inoculation with soil microbes promoted the growth, root biomass yield, medicinal compound accumulation, and rendered drought-resistant traits of A. lancea, including relatively high root:shoot ratio and high root water content under drought. Moreover, our results suggested drought stress was more powerful than the selectivity of A. lancea in shaping the root-associated microbial communities; also, the fungal communities had a stronger role than the bacterial communities in protecting A. lancea from drought. Specific microbial clades that might have a role in protecting A. lancea from drought stress were identified: at the genus level, the rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus, Dylla and Actinomadura, and rhizospheric fungi Chaetomium, Acrophialophora, Trichoderma and Thielava, the root endophytic bacteria Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium, Dylla and Actinomadura, and the root endophytic fungus Fusarium were closely associated with A. lancea under drought stress. Additionally, we acquired several endophytic Paenibacillus, Paraburkholderia and Fusarium strains and verified they had differential promoting effects on the medicinal compound accumulation in A. lancea root. This study reports the interaction between A. lancea and soil microbe communities under drought stress, and provides insights for improving the outcomes in A. lancea farming via applying microbe inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Zengxu Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahui Liu
- Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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6
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Oviedo-Pereira DG, López-Meyer M, Evangelista-Lozano S, Sarmiento-López LG, Sepúlveda-Jiménez G, Rodríguez-Monroy M. Enhanced specialized metabolite, trichome density, and biosynthetic gene expression in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13675. [PMID: 35782100 PMCID: PMC9248782 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni is a plant of economic interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due its steviol glycosides (SG), which are rich in metabolites that are 300 times sweeter than sucrose. In addition, S. rebaudiana plants contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids with antioxidant activity. Endophytic bacteria promote the growth and development and modulate the metabolism of the host plant. However, little is known regarding the role of endophytic bacteria in the growth; synthesis of SG, flavonoids and phenolic compounds; and the relationship between trichome development and specialized metabolites in S. rebaudiana, which was the subject of this study. The 12 bacteria tested did not increase the growth of S. rebaudiana plants; however, the content of SG increased with inoculation with the bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2. The SG content in leaves paralleled an increase in the density of glandular, short, and large trichome. The image analysis of S. rebaudiana leaves showed the presence of SG, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids principally in glandular and short trichomes. The increase in the transcript levels of the KO, KAH, UGT74G1, and UGT76G1 genes was related to the SG concentration in plants of S. rebaudiana inoculated with E. hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2. In conclusion, inoculation with the stimulating endophytes E. hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2 increased SG synthesis, flavonoid content and flavonoid accumulation in the trichomes of S. rebaudiana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumas G. Oviedo-Pereira
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Melina López-Meyer
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Silvia Evangelista-Lozano
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Fu WQ, Xu M, Zhang AY, Sun K, Dai CC, Jia Y. Remediation of phenanthrene phytotoxicity by the interaction of rice and endophytic fungus P. liquidambaris in practice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 235:113415. [PMID: 35306213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene cannot be effectively degraded in the agricultural production systems and it is greatly hazardous for food safety and human health. In our study, the remediation ability and mechanism of rice and endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris interaction on phenanthrene in the rice-growing environment were explored using laboratory and pot experiments. The results showed that plant-endophyte interaction had the potential to enhance remediation on phenanthrene contamination in the rice-growing environment. The content of phenanthrene in soil and rice (including leaves, roots, and grains) of the plant-endophyte interaction system was about 42% and 27% lower than of the non-inoculated treatment under 100 mg kg-1 treatment. The mechanism may be related to the improvement of plant growth, root activity, chlorophyll content, ATP energy supply, and antagonistic ability of rice to promote the absorption of phenanthrene in the rice-growing environment, and then the phenanthrene absorbed into the rice was degraded by improving the phenanthrene degrading enzyme activities and gene relative expression levels of P. liquidambaris during plant-endophyte interaction. Moreover, the plant-endophyte interaction system could also promote rice growth and increase rice yield by over 20% more than the control under 50 mg kg-1 treatment. This study indicated a promising potential of the plant-endophyte interaction system for pollution remediation in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Man Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Ai-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Zhu J, Tang X, Sun Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Shao H, Yong B, Li H, Tao X. Comparative Metabolomic Profiling of Compatible and Incompatible Interactions Between Potato and Phytophthora infestans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:857160. [PMID: 35464908 PMCID: PMC9024415 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.857160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late blight is one of the main biological stresses limiting the potato yield; however, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the infection process of Phytophthora infestans remain unrevealed. In this study, the late blight-resistant potato cultivar Ziyun No.1 (R) and the susceptible cultivar Favorita (S) were inoculated with P. infestans. Untargeted metabolomics was used to study the changes of metabolites in the compatible and incompatible interactions of the two cultivars and the pathogen at 0, 48, and 96 h postinoculation (hpi). A total of 819 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic differences mainly emerged after 48 hpi. There were 198 and 115 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the compatible and incompatible interactions. These included 147 and 100 upregulated metabolites during the compatible and incompatible interactions, respectively. Among them, 73 metabolites were identified as the P. infestans-responsive DEMs. Furthermore, the comparisons between the two cultivars identified 57 resistance-related metabolites. Resistant potato cultivar had higher levels of salicylic acid and several upstream phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolites, triterpenoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, such as sakuranetin, ferulic acid, ganoderic acid Mi, lucidenic acid D2, and caffeoylmalic acid. These metabolites play crucial roles in cell wall thickening and have antibacterial and antifungal activities. This study reports the time-course metabolomic responses of potatoes to P. infestans. The findings reveal the responses involved in the compatible and incompatible interactions of potatoes and P. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yining Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusong Jiang
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yong
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Institute of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Honghao Li,
| | - Xiang Tao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Xiang Tao,
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9
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Wang D, Chen F, Wang CY, Han X, Dai CC. Early stem growth mutation alters metabolic flux changes enhance sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis in Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2022; 149:467-483. [PMID: 35125570 PMCID: PMC8806136 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-022-02240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a well-known medicinal herb in China, containing abundant active components, including a variety of sesquiterpenoids. Owing to a shortage of wild resources, artificial cultivation has become the main breeding mode, leading to the germplasm degradation. In preliminary research, our research group found that a mutant tissue culture seedling of A. lancea is an excellent germplasm resource, characterized by early stem growth and higher sesquiterpenoid content than that of the wild type. In this study, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying efficient sesquiterpenoids synthesis by this mutant A. lancea were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the photosynthetic efficiency, central carbon metabolism efficiency, and energy metabolism efficiency were significantly improved in mutant A. lancea compared with the wild type, and the content of endogenous hormones, such as gibberellin and jasmonic acid, changed significantly. In addition, levels of key metabolites and the expression level of key genes in the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways were significantly higher in mutant type than in wild type, resulting in elevated sesquiterpenoid synthesis in the mutant. These physiological and biochemical properties explain the rapid growth and high sesquiterpenoid content of mutant A. lancea. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-022-02240-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Functional Components Development of Featured Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Functional Components Development of Featured Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Functional Components Development of Featured Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Functional Components Development of Featured Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023 China
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Khaleghnezhad V, Yousefi AR, Tavakoli A, Farajmand B, Mastinu A. Concentrations-dependent effect of exogenous abscisic acid on photosynthesis, growth and phenolic content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under drought stress. PLANTA 2021; 253:127. [PMID: 34036415 PMCID: PMC8149364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The drought conditions and the application of ABA reduce the photosynthetic activity, and the processes related to the transpiration of Dracocephalum moldavica L. At the same time, the plant increases the production of phenolic compounds and essential oil as a response to stress conditions. In the semi-arid regions, drought stress is the most important environmental limitations for crop production. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the reactions of plants towards environmental stress such as drought. Field experiments for two consecutive years in 2016 and 2017 were conducted to evaluate the effect of three watering regimes (well-watered, moderate and severe drought) and five exogenous ABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) on growth, photosynthesis, total phenolic and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Without ABA application, the highest photosynthetic rate (6.1 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was obtained under well-watered condition and, moderate and severe drought stress decreased photosynthesis rate by 26.39% and 34.43%, respectively. Some growth parameters such as stem height, leaf area, leaf dry weight and biological yield were also reduced by drought stress. ABA application showed a decreasing trend in photosynthesis rate and mentioned plant growth parameters under all moisture regimes. The highest seed yield (1243.56 kg ha-1) was obtained under well-watered condition without ABA application. Increasing ABA concentration decreased seed yield in all moisture regimes. The highest total phenolic content (8.9 mg g-1 FW) and essential oil yield (20.58 kg ha-1) were obtained from 20 and 5 μM ABA concentration, respectively, under moderate drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Afshin Tavakoli
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahman Farajmand
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Zhang WJ, Zhao ZY, Chang LK, Cao Y, Wang S, Kang CZ, Wang HY, Zhou L, Huang LQ, Guo LP. Atractylodis Rhizoma: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113415. [PMID: 32987126 PMCID: PMC7521906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR), mainly includes Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea) and Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. (A. chinensis) is widely used in East Asia as a diuretic and stomachic drug, for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza as it contains a variety of sesquiterpenoids and other components of medicinal importance. AIM OF THE REVIEW A systematic summary on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control of AR was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential and scientific potential of this plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was performed by consulting scientific databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, etc. Plant taxonomy was confirmed to the database "The Plant List". RESULTS Over 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from AR, notably sesquiterpenoids and alkynes. Various pharmacological activities have been demonstrated, especially improving gastrointestinal function and thus allowed to assert most of the traditional uses of AR. CONCLUSIONS The researches on AR are extensive, but gaps still remain. The molecular mechanism, structure-activity relationship, potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of these components need to be further elucidated. It is suggested that further studies should be carried out in the aspects of comprehensive evaluation of the quality of medicinal materials, understanding of the "effective forms" and "additive effects" of the pharmacodynamic substances based on the same pharmacophore of TCM, and its long-term toxicity in vivo and clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Kun Chang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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12
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Li J, Liu B, Li X, Li D, Han J, Zhang Y, Ma C, Xu W, Wang L, Jiu S, Zhang C, Wang S. Exogenous Abscisic Acid Mediates Berry Quality Improvement by Altered Endogenous Plant Hormones Level in "Ruiduhongyu" Grapevine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:739964. [PMID: 34659307 PMCID: PMC8519001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.739964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in fruit development and ripening in non-climacteric fruit. A variety of metabolites such as sugars, anthocyanins, fatty acids, and several antioxidants, which are regulated by various phytohormones, are important components of fruit quality in grape. Here, grape cultivar "Ruiduhongyu" was used to investigate the relationship between endogenous phytohormones and metabolites associated to grape berry quality under exogenous ABA treatment. 500 mg/L ABA significantly improved the appearance parameters and the content of many metabolites including sugar, anthocyanin, and other compounds. Exogenous ABA also increased the contents of ABA, auxin (IAA), and cytokinins (CTKs), and transcription level of ABA biosynthesis and signaling related genes in fruit. Furthermore, a series of genes involved in biosynthesis and the metabolite pathway of sugars, anthocyanins, and fatty acids were shown to be significantly up-regulated under 500 mg/L ABA treatment. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that there existed relatively strong cooperativities in the ABA/kinetin (KT)-appearance parameters, ABA/IAA/KT-sugars, ABA/indolepopionic acid (IPA)/zeatin riboside (ZR)-anthocyanins, and gibberellin 3 (GA3)/methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-fatty acids, indicating that 13 kinds of endogenous phytohormones induced by ABA had different contributions to the accumulation of quality-related metabolites, while all of them were involved in regulating the overall improvement of grape fruit quality. These results laid a primary foundation for better understanding that exogenous ABA improves fruit quality by mediating the endogenous phytohormones level in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyi Li,
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Han
- Grape and Wine Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Grape and Wine Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Lei Wang,
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Li H, Ren L, Xie M, Gao Y, He M, Hassan B, Lu Y, Cheng D. Egg-Surface Bacteria Are Indirectly Associated with Oviposition Aversion in Bactrocera dorsalis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4432-4440.e4. [PMID: 32946751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Finding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female fly, because the hatched maggots have limited mobility, making it difficult to find an alternative host. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, oviposits on many types of fruits. Maggots hatching in a fruit that is already occupied by conspecific worms will face food competition. Here, we showed that maggot-occupied fruits deter B. dorsalis oviposition and that this deterrence is based on the increased β-caryophyllene concentration in fruits. Using a combination of bacterial identification, volatile content quantification, and behavioral analyses, we demonstrated that the egg-surface bacteria of B. dorsalis, including Providencia sp. and Klebsiella sp., are responsible for this increase in the β-caryophyllene contents of host fruits. Our research shows a type of tritrophic interaction between micro-organisms, insects, and insect hosts, which will provide considerable insight into the evolution of insect behavioral responses to volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingxue Xie
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Muyang He
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Babar Hassan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Daifeng Cheng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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14
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Xu M, Bai HY, Fu WQ, Sun K, Wang HW, Xu DL, Dai CC, Jia Y. Endophytic bacteria promote the quality of Lyophyllum decastes by improving non-volatile taste components of mycelia. Food Chem 2020; 336:127672. [PMID: 32771899 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are always related to the host different traits, including the secondary metabolites production. However, the effect and mechanism of endophytic bacteria in the mushrooms fruit body on mycelia are still not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of endophytic bacterial metabolites on the quality of Lyophyllum decastes mycelia. Soluble sugars, starch, protein, free amino acids, 5'-Nucleotides, EUC, and organic acids contents of mycelia were analyzed. We found that endophytic bacterial metabolites significantly increased the contents of soluble sugars, starch, protein, free amino acids, organic acids, and EUC. The present study thus suggests that endophytic bacteria could promote the quality of Lyophyllum decastes by improving non-volatile taste components of mycelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hong-Yan Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - De-Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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15
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Liu Z, Zhou J, Li Y, Wen J, Wang R. Bacterial endophytes from Lycoris radiata promote the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126501. [PMID: 32585579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lycoris radiata is the major source of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, having various medicinal activities. However, the low content of these alkaloids in planta limits their pharmaceutical development and utilization. In this study, the ability of bacterial endophytes to enhance the accumulation of five important Amaryllidaceae alkaloids was investigated. A total of 188 bacterial endophytes were isolated from L. radiata and their composition and diversity were analyzed. Fourteen ones were demonstrated to significantly increase the concentration of the alkaloids of interest in different organs, up to 11.1-fold over the control level, with no adverse influence on the plant growth. An additional 3 bacterial endophytes were found to significantly increase the dry weight of L. radiata with no adverse influence on the concentration of the alkaloids in planta, so the total yield of alkaloids in planta was increased up to 2.4-fold over the control level. Considering the plant growth-promoting abilities of these bacterial endophytes, it is speculated that the indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore secreted by them, combined with their nitrogen fixation ability, may contribute to the enhanced plant growth and the increased alkaloid accumulation in L. radiata. To our knowledge, this work is firstly defining the diversity of culturable bacterial endophytes in L. radiata and determining which species promoted the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. It provides several valuable bacterial inoculants that can be further applied to improve alkaloid production in L. radiata and broadens our understanding of the interactions between a medicinal plant and the bacterial endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yikui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Tsusaka T, Makino B, Ohsawa R, Ezura H. Evaluation of heritability of β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in Atractylodes lancea De Candolle. Hereditas 2020; 157:7. [PMID: 32160928 PMCID: PMC7066747 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atractylodes lancea De Candolle is a medicinal plant distributed in East Asia. Its rhizome has been used as an important crude drug in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines for the treatment of numerous diseases and disorders. In recent years, the demand for mass production of the crude drug with a stable quality has increased. Its major active compounds are sesquiterpenoids, such as β-eudesmol and hinesol that have closely related chemical structures with each other. As the criteria for evaluating the quality of A. lancea, the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio is considered important. In A. lancea, the ratio could be considered to be influenced by genetic factors, geographical environment factors and these interactions. Few studies of a detail genetic analyses for β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio have been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the heritability and genotype–environment interaction on the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in A. lancea using clonal lines propagated with division of rhizome. Results The heritability of the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in A. lancea was evaluated through the cultivation of clonal lines of A. lancea in both different years (2016, 2017) and locations (Hokkaido, Ibaraki). Correlations between β-eudesmol and hinesol contents were identified in all clonal lines, with high correlation coefficients (r = 0.73–0.99). The broad-sense heritability of the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio was revealed to be high at 0.92. The effects of cultivation year were smaller than that of genotype, and few genotype–environment interactions were observed. In addition, the influence of cultivation location was also smaller than that of genotype, and the correlation between the two cultivation locations on the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio was high. The results suggested that the β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio in A. lancea is highly dependent on genetic factors. Conclusion We demonstrate that the heritability of β-eudesmol/hinesol content ratio is high and that the effects of genetic factors were stronger than that of environmental factors such as cultivation location and year. Our findings suggested that selective breeding and clonal propagation are effective strategies for the production of A. lancea with stable qualities for use in the production of crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsusaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. .,Botanical Raw Materials Production Department 2, Tsumura & Co., Ami Town, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Bunsho Makino
- Botanical Raw Materials Research Laboratories , Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Ibashiki-gun, Ami Town, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohsawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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17
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Fu WQ, Xu M, Sun K, Chen XL, Dai CC, Jia Y. Remediation mechanism of endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris on phenanthrene in vivo. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125305. [PMID: 31733539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene can easily be absorbed into the plant from the soil and cannot be effectively degraded in it. Thus, it is greatly hazardous for food safety and human health. In our study, the biodegradability and remediation mechanism of endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris on phenanthrene in vivo of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was detected. The results showed that the fungus could successfully establish a symbiotic relationship with rice, thus had the potential to degrade phenanthrene absorbed into the plant. Changes of phenanthrene-degrading genes of fungus in the combined system were consistent with the trends of their corresponding enzymatic activities, and the phenanthrene-degrading enzyme activities and gene expression levels in roots of rice were higher than those in the shoot. Moreover, the combined system can enhance bioremediation by increasing root viability, chlorophyll content, and energy supply. The combined system had also significantly increased the PPO activity and SOD activity in shoot compared with the control treatment, while decreased the content of MDA when remediation in vivo. The study on the degradation mechanism of the combined system will help us to increase the practical application potential of endophyte to effectively repair contamination absorbed into plant seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Qiu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Man Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang-Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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18
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Liu C, Peng H, Li X, Liu C, Lv X, Wei X, Zou A, Zhang J, Fan G, Ma G, Ma L, Sun X. Genome-wide analysis of NDR1/HIN1-like genes in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) and functional characterization of CaNHL4 under biotic and abiotic stresses. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:93. [PMID: 32528705 PMCID: PMC7261774 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant NDR1/HIN1-like (NHL) genes play an important role in triggering plant defenses in response to biotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the NHL genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and characterized the functional roles of these CaNHL genes in response to abiotic stresses and infection by different pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaNHLs can be classified into five distinct subgroups, with each group containing generic and specific motifs. Regulatory element analysis showed that the majority of the promoter regions of the identified CaNHLs contain jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive and salicylic acid (SA)-responsive elements, and transcriptomic analysis revealed that CaNHL genes are expressed in all the examined tissues of pepper. The CaNHL1, CaNHL4, CaNHL6, CaNHL10, CaNHL11, and CaNHL12 genes were significantly upregulated under abiotic stress as well as in response to different pathogens, such as TMV, Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, we found that CaNHL4 localizes to the plasma membrane. CaNHL4-silenced pepper plants display significantly increased susceptibility to TMV, Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonas syringae, exhibiting reduced expression of JA-related and SA-related genes and reduced ROS production. However, transient overexpression of CaNHL4 in pepper increases the expression of JA-related and SA-related genes, enhances the accumulation of ROS, and inhibits the infection of these three pathogens. Collectively, for the first time, we identified the NHL genes in pepper and demonstrated that CaNHL4 is involved in the production of ROS and that it also regulates the expression of JA-related and SA-related genes in response to different pathogens, suggesting that members of the CaNHL family play an essential role in the disease resistance of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Liu
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Peng
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Li
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wei
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Aihong Zou
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhua Ma
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Laboratory of plant immunity and ecological control of plant disease, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
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Tsusaka T, Makino B, Ohsawa R, Ezura H. Genetic and environmental factors influencing the contents of essential oil compounds in Atractylodes lancea. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217522. [PMID: 31136627 PMCID: PMC6538177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea are used in traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo) and Chinese medicine to treat numerous diseases and disorders because they contain many pharmacologically active compounds. The major active compounds in A. lancea are essential oil compounds such as β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin. The contents of the compounds in A. lancea exhibit high variability depending on their habitat. We cultivated clonal lines of A. lancea in different years (2016, 2017) and different locations (Hokkaido, Ibaraki) to investigate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the contents of major compounds, namely, β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin. Broad sense heritability of β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin contents were 0.84, 0.77, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. The effects of interannual variability on the contents of the compounds were lower than those of genotype. In addition, the cultivated environmental factors were assessed by different locations, and the correlations between Hokkaido and Ibaraki grown plants based on β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin contents were 0.94, 0.94, 1.00, and 0.83, respectively. The results suggest that the contents of β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin in A. lancea are largely influenced by genetic factors, and clonal propagation could be an effective strategy for obtaining populations with high contents of essential oil compounds. Furthermore, the contents of β-eudesmol, hinesol, atractylon, and atractylodin in A. lancea exhibited few correlations with rhizome yields. A. lancea cultivars with not only high contents of essential oil compounds but also high rhizome yield could be developed through selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tsusaka
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Botanical Raw Materials Production Department 2, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (HE)
| | - Bunsho Makino
- Botanical Raw Materials Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohsawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail: (TT); (HE)
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20
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Yuan J, Zhang W, Sun K, Tang MJ, Chen PX, Li X, Dai CC. Comparative Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Atractylodes lancea in Response to Endophytic Fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 Reveals Regulation in Plant Metabolism. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1208. [PMID: 31191508 PMCID: PMC6546907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal endophyte Gilmaniella sp. AL12 can establish a beneficial association with the medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea, and improve plant growth and sesquiterpenoids accumulation, which is termed “double promotion.” Our previous studies have uncovered the underling primary mechanism based on some physiological evidences. However, a global understanding of gene or protein expression regulation in primary and secondary metabolism and related regulatory processes is still lacking. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and proteomics of Gilmaniella sp. AL12-inoculated and Gilmaniella sp. AL12-free plants to study the impact of endophyte inoculation at the transcriptional and translational levels. The results showed that plant genes involved in plant immunity and signaling were suppressed, similar to the plant response caused by some endophytic fungi and biotroph pathogen. The downregulated plant immunity may contribute to plant-endophyte beneficial interaction. Additionally, genes and proteins related to primary metabolism (carbon fixation, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism) tended to be upregulated after Gilmaniella sp. AL12 inoculation, which was consistent with our previous physiological evidences. And, Gilmaniella sp. AL12 upregulated genes involved in terpene skeleton biosynthesis, and upregulated genes annotated as β-farnesene synthase and β-caryophyllene synthase. Based on the above results, we proposed that endophyte-plant associations may improve production (biomass and sesquiterpenoids accumulation) by increasing the source (photosynthesis), expanding the sink (glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle), and enhancing the metabolic flux (sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis pathway) in A. lancea. And, this study will help to further clarify plant-endophyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Piao-Xue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of Chinese National Center Rice Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Xu Y, Charles MT, Luo Z, Mimee B, Tong Z, Véronneau PY, Roussel D, Rolland D. Ultraviolet-C priming of strawberry leaves against subsequent Mycosphaerella fragariae infection involves the action of reactive oxygen species, plant hormones, and terpenes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:815-831. [PMID: 30481398 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation has been reported to induce defence responses to pathogens in growing crops and described as a new environmentally friendly method for disease control. However, whether the effect of the induced defence mechanisms will persist after the stress imposed by UV-C is alleviated and how these mechanisms interact with pathogen elicitors upon infection have not yet been investigated. Thus, we inoculated strawberry plants with Mycosphaerella fragariae, the causal agent of leaf spot disease, after 5 weeks of repeated UV-C irradiation treatment (cumulative dose of 10.2 kJ m-2 ) and investigated the alteration of gene expression and biochemical phenotypes. The results revealed that UV-C treatment had a significant impact on gene expression in strawberry leaves and led to the overexpression of a set of genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction. UV-C-treated leaves displayed a stronger response to infection after inoculation, with reduced symptoms and increases in accumulation of total phenolics and volatile terpenes, higher expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and the activity of several defence enzymes. This study presumptively describe, for the first time, the involvement of terpenes, reactive oxygen species, and abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and their transduction factors, in the network underpinning UV-C priming of growing crops for improved protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - Marie Thérèse Charles
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Benjamin Mimee
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - Zhichao Tong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Pierre-Yves Véronneau
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - Dominique Roussel
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - Daniel Rolland
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
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22
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Zhou JY, Sun K, Chen F, Yuan J, Li X, Dai CC. Endophytic Pseudomonas induces metabolic flux changes that enhance medicinal sesquiterpenoid accumulation in Atractylodes lancea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:473-481. [PMID: 30081324 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas fluorescens ALEB7B significantly enhances photosynthate accumulations in Atractylodes lancea. These carbohydrates are preferentially used by the host plant to synthesize secondary metabolites, rather than to increase plant biomass accumulation. Mechanisms underlying the allocation of endophyte-increased carbohydrate in different plant metabolic processes are largely unknown. We have studied how P. fluorescens ALEB7B enhances photosynthate accumulation and how bacterial elicitors regulate metabolic flux and increase medicinal sesquiterpenoid formation in A. lancea using the sterile tissue culture plantlets. P. fluorescens ALEB7B enhances plant photosynthate accumulation by synthesizing and secreting indole-3-acetic acid, which has been demonstrated using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid promotes plant root development and then assimilation. Increased carbohydrates provide the material basis for the formations of terpenoid hydrocarbon scaffolds, which has been proved using gas chromatography analysis. Further, protein and polysaccharide elicitors secreted by P. fluorescens ALEB7B have been separated and purified from the bacterial fermentation broth, which have been applied to A. lancea plantlets. Both elicitors can stimulate the conversions of terpenoid hydrocarbon scaffolds to oxygenous sesquiterpenoids, the active medicinal ingredients in A. lancea, by triggering the oxidative burst in planta. Moreover, this study separates an ABC transporter substrate-binding protein from protein elicitors secreted by P. fluorescens ALEB7B with an ÄKTA Prime Plus Purifier System and firstly shows that this protein is essential to induce oxygenous sesquiterpenoid accumulation in A. lancea. This study provides new perspectives for mechanisms of medicinal oxygenous terpenoid synthesis, which has important reference values to the cultivation of medicinal plants that have terpenoids as their active ingredients, such as Artemisia annua and Taxus chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Fu W, Xu M, Sun K, Hu L, Cao W, Dai C, Jia Y. Biodegradation of phenanthrene by endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari in vitro and in vivo. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:160-169. [PMID: 29614409 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene, as a widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminant in vitro and in vivo of plant, has the characteristics of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity. This work aimed to explore the phenanthrene metabolic mechanism by Phomopsis liquidambari in vitro, as well as the bioremediation ability through P. liquidambari-rice combination. This strain was able to use phenanthrene as source of carbon and energy to grow, more than 77% of added 50 mg L-1 phenanthrene was removed after 10 d in MSM. We identified the metabolic products via HPLC-MS and proposed two possible degradation pathways. Phenanthrene was firstly combined with oxygen to become phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, and then degraded to 9-phenanthrol, followed by oxidization to 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene. In addition, that epoxide (phenanthrene 9,10-oxide) was also hydrolyzed to phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, and then dehydrogenized to 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene, which was further degraded to 9,10-phenanthrenequinone; during this metabolic pathway, the changes of P450 monooxygenase, epoxide hydrolase, dehydrogenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities and their corresponding gene transcription levels were closely related. What's more, P. liquidambari could combine with rice to eliminate phenanthrene accumulated in vivo of rice seedlings, and the removal rate in inoculation treatment represented a significant difference (increased 25.68%) compared with uninoculation treatment after cultivation 30 d. Therefore, we concluded that P. liquidambari could not only respond to phenanthrene pollution stress in vitro but also exert a mitigation effect on plants accumulated phenanthrene. This work provides a foundation for applying endophytic fungi to PAHs bioremediation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Man Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyan Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuanchao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Liu R, Cao P, Ren A, Wang S, Yang T, Zhu T, Shi L, Zhu J, Jiang AL, Zhao MW. SA inhibits complex III activity to generate reactive oxygen species and thereby induces GA overproduction in Ganoderma lucidum. Redox Biol 2018; 16:388-400. [PMID: 29631100 PMCID: PMC5953243 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has high commercial value because it produces many active compounds, such as ganoderic acids (GAs). Salicylic acid (SA) was previously reported to induce the biosynthesis of GA in G. lucidum. In this study, we found that SA induces GA biosynthesis by increasing ROS production, and further research found that NADPH oxidase-silenced strains exhibited a partial reduction in the response to SA, resulting in the induction of increased ROS production. Furthermore, the localization of ROS shows that mitochondria are sources of ROS production in response to SA treatment. An additional analysis focused on the relationship between SA-induced ROS production and mitochondrial functions, and the results showed that inhibitors of mitochondrial complexes I and II exert approximately 40–50% superimposed inhibitory effects on the respiration rate and H2O2 content when co-administered with SA. However, no obvious superimposed inhibition effects were observed in the sample co-treated with mitochondrial complex III inhibitor and SA, implying that the inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III and SA might act on the same site in mitochondria. Additional experiments revealed that complex III activity was decreased 51%, 62% and 75% after treatment with 100, 200, and 400 µM SA, respectively. Our results highlight the finding that SA inhibits mitochondrial complex III activity to increase ROS generation. In addition, inhibition of mitochondrial complex III caused ROS accumulation, which plays an essential role in SA-mediated GA biosynthesis in G. lucidum. This conclusion was also demonstrated in complex III-silenced strains. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first demonstration that SA inhibits complex III activity to increase the ROS levels and thereby regulate secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Mitochondria as a source of salicylic acid (SA) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Ganoderma lucidum. SA induces the accumulation of ganoderic acids in Ganoderma lucidum by mitochondria ROS overproduction. SA inhibits mitochondrial complex III activity to increase ROS and thereby induces ganoderic acids biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Wen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture; Microbiology Department, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Quambusch M, Winkelmann T. Bacterial Endophytes in Plant Tissue Culture: Mode of Action, Detection, and Control. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1815:69-88. [PMID: 29981114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria have been increasingly in the focus of research projects during the last decade. This has changed the view on bacteria in plant tissue culture and led to the differentiation between artificially introduced contaminations and naturally occurring endophytes with neutral, negative, or positive impact on the plant propagation process. This review chapter gives an overview on recent findings about the impact that bacteria have on the plant physiology in general and during micropropagation. Additionally, methods for the detection and identification of bacteria in plant tissue are described and, finally, suggestions of how to deal with bacterial endophytes in in vitro culture are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Quambusch
- Abteilung Waldgenressourcen, Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Hann. Münden, Germany.
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Xu Y, Luo Z, Charles MT, Rolland D, Roussel D. Pre-harvest UV-C irradiation triggers VOCs accumulation with alteration of antioxidant enzymes and phytohormones in strawberry leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:265-274. [PMID: 28918122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the biological and physiological effects of pre-harvest ultraviolet (UV)-C treatment on growing plants. However, little is known about the involvement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their response to this treatment. In this study, strawberry plants were exposed to three different doses of UV-C radiation for seven weeks (a low dose: 9.6kJm-2; a medium dose: 15kJm-2; and a high-dose: 29.4kJm-2). Changes in VOC profiles were investigated and an attempt was made to identify factors that may be involved in the regulation of these alterations. Principle compounds analysis revealed that VOC profiles of UV-C treated samples were significantly altered with 26 VOCs being the major contributors to segregation. Among them, 18 fatty acid-derived VOCs accumulated in plants that received high and medium dose of UV-C treatments with higher lipoxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities. In treated samples, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase was inhibited, resulting in a reduced antioxidant capacity and higher lipid peroxidation. Simultaneously, jasmonic acid level was 74% higher in the high-dose group while abscisic acid content was more than 12% lower in both the medium and high-dose UV-C treated samples. These results indicated that pre-harvest UV-C treatment stimulated the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived VOCs in strawberry leaf tissue by upregulating the activity of enzymes of the LOX biosynthetic pathway and downregulating antioxidant enzyme activities. It is further suggested that the mechanisms underlying fatty acid-derived VOCs biosynthesis in UV-C treated strawberry leaves are associated with UV-C-induced changes in phytohormone profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Xu
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Marie Thérèse Charles
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada.
| | - Daniel Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada
| | - Dominique Roussel
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre,430 Boulevard Gouin, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3 B 3E6, Canada
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27
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Wicaksono WA, Sansom CE, Eirian Jones E, Perry NB, Monk J, Ridgway HJ. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka): effects on plant growth and essential oil content. Symbiosis 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-017-0506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Cui JL, Wang YN, Jiao J, Gong Y, Wang JH, Wang ML. Fungal endophyte-induced salidroside and tyrosol biosynthesis combined with signal cross-talk and the mechanism of enzyme gene expression in Rhodiola crenulata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12540. [PMID: 28970519 PMCID: PMC5624951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophyte is a factor that affects the physiology and metabolism of plant. However, limited information is available on the mechanism of interaction between endophyte and plant. To investigate the effects of endophytic fungus ZPRs-R11, that is, Trimmatostroma sp., on salidroside and tyrosol accumulations in Rhodiola crenulata, signal transduction, enzyme gene expression, and metabolic pathway were investigated. Results showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and salicylic acid (SA) involved in fungus-induced salidroside and tyrosol accumulations. NO acted as an upstream signal of H2O2 and SA. No up- or down-stream relationship was observed, but mutual coordination existed between H2O2 and SA. Rate-limiting enzyme genes with the maximum expression activities were UDP-glucosyltransferase, tyrosine decarboxylase (TYDC), monoamine oxidase, phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), and cinnamic-4-hydroxylase sequentially. Nevertheless, the genes of tyrosine transaminase and pyruvate decarboxylase only indicated slightly higher activities than those in control. Thus, TYDC and PAL branches were the preferential pathways in ZPRs-R11-induced salidroside and tyrosol accumulation. Trimmatostroma sp. was a potential fungus for promoting salidroside and tyrosol accumulations. The present data also provided scientific basis for understanding complex interaction between endophytic fungus and R. crenulata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jin Jiao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Cao X, Guo X, Yang X, Wang H, Hua W, He Y, Kang J, Wang Z. Transcriptional Responses and Gentiopicroside Biosynthesis in Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Gentiana macrophylla Seedlings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166493. [PMID: 27851826 PMCID: PMC5112864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana macrophylla, a medicinal plant with significant pharmacological properties, contains the bioactive compound gentiopicroside. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an effective elicitor for enhancing the production of such compounds. However, little is known about MeJA-mediated biosynthesis of gentiopicroside. We investigated this phenomenon as well as gene expression profiles to determine the molecular mechanisms for MeJA-mediated gentiopicroside biosynthesis and regulation in G. macrophylla. Our HPLC results showed that Gentiana macrophylla seedlings exposed to MeJA had significantly higher concentrations of gentiopicroside when compared with control plants. We used RNA sequencing to compare transcriptional profiles in seedlings treated for 5 d with either 0 μmol L-1 MeJA (C) or 250 μmol L-1 MeJA (M5) and detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In total, 77,482 unique sequences were obtained from approximately 34 million reads. Of these, 48,466 (57.46%) sequences were annotated based on BLASTs performed against public databases. We identified 5,206 DEGs between the C and M5 samples, including genes related to the α-lenolenic acid degradation pathway, JA signaling pathway, and gentiopicroside biosynthesis. Expression of numerous enzyme genes in the glycolysis pathway was significantly up-regulated. Many genes encoding transcription factors (e.g. ERF, bHLH, MYB, and WRKY) also responded to MeJA elicitation. Rapid acceleration of the glycolysis pathway that supplies precursors for IPP biosynthesis and up-regulates the expression of enzyme genes in that IPP pathway are probably most responsible for MeJA stimulation of gentiopicroside synthesis. Our qRT-PCR results showed that the expression profiles of 12 gentiopicroside biosynthesis genes were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. These results increase our understanding about how the gentiopicroside biosynthesis pathway in G. macrophylla responds to MeJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huaiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenping Hua
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Shaanxi XueQian Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yihan He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JK); (ZW)
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JK); (ZW)
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Chen F, Ren CG, Zhou T, Wei YJ, Dai CC. A novel exopolysaccharide elicitor from endophytic fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 on volatile oils accumulation in Atractylodes lancea. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34735. [PMID: 27703209 PMCID: PMC5050437 DOI: 10.1038/srep34735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes and plants can establish specific long-term symbiosis through the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Previous studies have shown that the endophytic fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 can stimulate Atractylodes lancea to produce volatile oils. The purpose of this report is to investigate key factors involved in the stimulation of A. lancea by AL12 and reveal the mechanism. We identified the active component from AL12 as an extracellular mannan with a polymerization degree of 26–42. Differential membrane proteomics of A. lancea was performed by 2D electrophoresis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the expression of 83 proteins. Based on these results, we conclude that AL12 secreted mannan contributes to the antagonistic balance seen in interactions between AL12 and A. lancea. One portion of the mannan was degraded to mannose for hexokinase activation, promoting photosynthesis and energy metabolism, with a potential metabolic fluxes flowing towards terpenoid biosynthesis. The other portion of the mannan directly enhanced autoimmunity of A. lancea through G protein-mediated signal transduction and the mannan-binding lectin pathway. Volatile oil accumulation was ultimately promoted in subsequent defense reactions. This study provides a new perspective on the regulation of secondary metabolites by endophytic fungal elicitors in medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhou JY, Li X, Zhao D, Deng-Wang MY, Dai CC. Reactive oxygen species and hormone signaling cascades in endophytic bacterium induced essential oil accumulation in Atractylodes lancea. PLANTA 2016; 244:699-712. [PMID: 27125387 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens induces gibberellin and ethylene signaling via hydrogen peroxide in planta . Ethylene activates abscisic acid signaling. Hormones increase sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis gene expression and enzyme activity, inducing essential oil accumulation. Atractylodes lancea is a famous Chinese medicinal plant, whose main active components are essential oils. Wild A. lancea has become endangered due to habitat destruction and over-exploitation. Although cultivation can ensure production of the medicinal material, the essential oil content in cultivated A. lancea is significantly lower than that in the wild herb. The application of microbes as elicitors has become an effective strategy to increase essential oil accumulation in cultivated A. lancea. Our previous study identified an endophytic bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens ALEB7B, which can increase essential oil accumulation in A. lancea more efficiently than other endophytes; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown (Physiol Plantarum 153:30-42, 2015; Appl Environ Microb 82:1577-1585, 2016). This study demonstrates that P. fluorescens ALEB7B firstly induces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling in A. lancea, which then simultaneously activates gibberellin (GA) and ethylene (ET) signaling. Subsequently, ET activates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. GA and ABA signaling increase expression of HMGR and DXR, which encode key enzymes involved in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, leading to increased levels of the corresponding enzymes and then an accumulation of essential oils. Specific reactive oxygen species and hormone signaling cascades induced by P. fluorescens ALEB7B may contribute to high-efficiency essential oil accumulation in A. lancea. Illustrating the regulation mechanisms underlying P. fluorescens ALEB7B-induced essential oil accumulation not only provides the theoretical basis for the inducible synthesis of terpenoids in many medicinal plants, but also further reveals the complex and diverse interactions among different plants and their endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center Rice Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-Yao Deng-Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhou JY, Li X, Zheng JY, Dai CC. Volatiles released by endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens promoting the growth and volatile oil accumulation in Atractylodes lancea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:132-140. [PMID: 26874622 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atractylodes lancea is a well-known, but endangered, Chinese medicinal plant whose volatile oils are its main active components. As the volatile oil content in cultivated A. lancea is much lower than that in the wild herb, the application of microbes or related elicitors to promote growth and volatile oil accumulation in the cultivated herb is an important area of research. This study demonstrates that the endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens ALEB7B isolated from the geo-authentic A. lancea can release several nitrogenous volatiles, such as formamide and N,N-dimethyl-formamide, which significantly promote the growth of non-infected A. lancea. Moreover, the main bacterial volatile benzaldehyde significantly promotes volatile oil accumulation in non-infected A. lancea via activating plant defense responses. Notably, the bacterial nitrogenous volatiles cannot be detected in the A. lancea - Pseudomonas fluorescens symbiont while the benzaldehyde can be detected, indicating the nitrogenous volatiles or their precursors may have been consumed by the host plant. This study firstly demonstrates that the interaction between plant and endophytic bacterium is not limited to the commonly known physical contact, extending the ecological functions of endophyte in the phytosphere and deepening the understandings about the symbiotic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center Rice Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210014, China
| | - Jiao-Yan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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Yuan J, Sun K, Deng-Wang MY, Dai CC. The Mechanism of Ethylene Signaling Induced by Endophytic Fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 Mediating Sesquiterpenoids Biosynthesis in Atractylodes lancea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:361. [PMID: 27047528 PMCID: PMC4804159 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, the first known gaseous phytohormone, is involved in plant growth, development as well as responses to environmental signals. However, limited information is available on the role of ethylene in endophytic fungi induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Atractylodes lancea is a traditional Chinese herb, and its quality depends on the main active compounds sesquiterpenoids. This work showed that the endophytic fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 induced ethylene production in Atractylodes lancea. Pre-treatment of plantlets with ethylene inhibiter aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) suppressed endophytic fungi induced accumulation of ethylene and sesquiterpenoids. Plantlets were further treated with AOA, salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC), jasmonic acid inhibitor ibuprofen (IBU), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO)-specific scavenger 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO). With endophytic fungi inoculation, IBU or PAC did not inhibit ethylene production, and JA and SA generation were suppressed by AOA, showing that ethylene may act as an upstream signal of JA and SA pathway. With endophytic fungi inoculation, CAT or cPTIO suppressed ethylene production, and H2O2 or NO generation was not affected by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), showing that ethylene may act as a downstream signal of H2O2 and NO pathway. Then, plantlets were treated with ethylene donor ACC, JA, SA, H2O2, NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Exogenous ACC could trigger JA and SA generation, whereas exogenous JA or SA did not affect ethylene production, and the induced sesquiterpenoids accumulation triggered by ACC was partly suppressed by IBU and PAC, showing that ethylene acted as an upstream signal of JA and SA pathway. Exogenous ACC did not affect H2O2 or NO generation, whereas exogenous H2O2 and SNP induced ethylene production, and the induced sesquiterpenoids accumulation triggered by SNP or H2O2 was partly suppressed by ACC, showing that ethylene acted as a downstream signal of NO and H2O2 pathway. Taken together, this study demonstrated that ethylene is an upstream signal of JA and SA, and a downstream signal of NO and H2O2 signaling pathways, and acts as an important signal mediating sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis of Atractylodes lancea induced by the endophytic fungus.
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Zhou JY, Yuan J, Li X, Ning YF, Dai CC. Endophytic Bacterium-Triggered Reactive Oxygen Species Directly Increase Oxygenous Sesquiterpenoid Content and Diversity in Atractylodes lancea. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:1577-1585. [PMID: 26712554 PMCID: PMC4771314 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03434-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenous terpenoids are active components of many medicinal plants. However, current studies that have focused on enzymatic oxidation reactions cannot comprehensively clarify the mechanisms of oxygenous terpenoid synthesis and diversity. This study shows that an endophytic bacterium can trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly increase oxygenous sesquiterpenoid content and diversity in Atractylodes lancea. A. lancea is a famous but endangered Chinese medicinal plant that contains abundant oxygenous sesquiterpenoids. Geo-authentic A. lancea produces a wider range and a greater abundance of oxygenous sesquiterpenoids than the cultivated herb. Our previous studies have shown the mechanisms behind endophytic promotion of the production of sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbon scaffolds; however, how endophytes promote the formation of oxygenous sesquiterpenoids and their diversity is unclear. After colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens ALEB7B, oxidative burst and oxygenous sesquiterpenoid accumulation in A. lancea occur synchronously. Treatment with exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or singlet oxygen induces oxidative burst and promotes oxygenous sesquiterpenoid accumulation in planta. Conversely, pretreatment of plantlets with the ROS scavenger ascorbic acid significantly inhibits the oxidative burst and oxygenous sesquiterpenoid accumulation induced by P. fluorescens ALEB7B. Further in vitro oxidation experiments show that several oxygenous sesquiterpenoids can be obtained from direct oxidation caused by H2O2 or singlet oxygen. In summary, this study demonstrates that endophytic bacterium-triggered ROS can directly oxidize oxygen-free sesquiterpenoids and increase the oxygenous sesquiterpenoid content and diversity in A. lancea, providing a novel explanation of the mechanisms of oxygenous terpenoid synthesis in planta and an essential complementarity to enzymatic oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center Rice Improvement, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ning
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Teng Y, Wang X, Li L, Li Z, Luo Y. Rhizobia and their bio-partners as novel drivers for functional remediation in contaminated soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:32. [PMID: 25699064 PMCID: PMC4318275 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants have received considerable attention due to their serious effects on human health. There are physical, chemical, and biological means to remediate pollution; among them, bioremediation has become increasingly popular. The nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are widely distributed in the soil and root ecosystems and can increase legume growth and production by supplying nitrogen, resulting in the reduced need for fertilizer applications. Rhizobia also possess the biochemical and ecological capacity to degrade organic pollutants and are resistant to heavy metals, making them useful for rehabilitating contaminated soils. Moreover, rhizobia stimulate the survival and action of other biodegrading bacteria, thereby lowering the concentration of pollutants. The synergistic action of multiple rhizobial strains enhances both plant growth and the availability of pollutants ranging from heavy metals to persistent organic pollutants. Because phytoremediation has some restrictions, the beneficial interaction between plants and rhizobia provides a promising option for remediation. This review describes recent advances in the exploitation of rhizobia for the rehabilitation of contaminated soil and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved, thereby promoting further development of this novel bioremediation strategy into a widely accepted technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Teng, Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China e-mail:
| | - Xiaomi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Lina Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Zhengao Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
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Yang T, Ma S, Dai CC. Drought degree constrains the beneficial effects of a fungal endophyte on Atractylodes lancea. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1435-49. [PMID: 25080260 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Plants, fungal endophytes (FEs) and the changing environment interact with each other forming an interlaced network. This study evaluates nonadditive and interactive effects of the FE Acremonium strictum and drought treatment on Atractylodes lancea plantlets. METHODS AND RESULTS By applying FEs (meristem cultures of At. lancea, fungal inoculation of Ac. strictum and plantlet acclimatization) and drought treatment (regular watering, mild drought, severe drought), a research system of At. lancea ramets under different treatments was established. During 12 days of drought treatment, the plantlets' physiological responses and basic growth traits were measured and analysed. Although drought and FE presence affected plantlet traits to differing degrees, the interactive effects of the two were more pronounced. In particular under mild drought treatment, the FE conferred drought tolerance to plantlets by enhancing leaf soluble sugars, proteins, proline and antioxidant enzyme activity; decreasing the degree of plasmalemma oxidation; and increasing the host's abscisic acid level and root:shoot ratio. When exposed to regular watering or severe drought, these effects were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Plant traits plasticity was conferred by dual effects of drought stress and FEs, and these factors are interactive. Although FEs can help plants cope with drought stress, the beneficial effects are strictly constrained by drought degree. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY During finite environmental stress, FEs can benefit plants, and for this reason, they may alleviate the effects of climate change on plants. However, because the benefits of FEs are highly context dependent, the role of FEs in a changing background should be re-assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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