1
|
Yan W, Sharif R, Sohail H, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xu X. Surviving a Double-Edged Sword: Response of Horticultural Crops to Multiple Abiotic Stressors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5199. [PMID: 38791235 PMCID: PMC11121501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced weather events, such as extreme temperatures, prolonged drought spells, or flooding, pose an enormous risk to crop productivity. Studies on the implications of multiple stresses may vary from those on a single stress. Usually, these stresses coincide, amplifying the extent of collateral damage and contributing to significant financial losses. The breadth of investigations focusing on the response of horticultural crops to a single abiotic stress is immense. However, the tolerance mechanisms of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. In this review, we described the most prevalent types of abiotic stresses that occur simultaneously and discussed them in in-depth detail regarding the physiological and molecular responses of horticultural crops. In particular, we discussed the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and metabolic responses of horticultural crops to multiple abiotic stresses. Strategies to breed multi-stress-resilient lines have been presented. Our manuscript presents an interesting amount of proposed knowledge that could be valuable in generating resilient genotypes for multiple stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Rahat Sharif
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hamza Sohail
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xuehao Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.Y.); (R.S.); (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu Y, Zhang S, Xiang P, Yin Y, Yu C, Hua J, Shi Q, Chen T, Zhou Z, Yu W, Creech DL, Lu Z. Integrated small RNA, transcriptome and physiological approaches provide insight into Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' roots in acclimation to prolonged flooding. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae031. [PMID: 38498333 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Although Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' 406 (Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum; Taxodium 406) is an extremely flooding-tolerant woody plant, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying acclimation of its roots to long-term flooding remain largely unknown. Thus, we exposed saplings of Taxodium 406 to either non-flooding (control) or flooding for 2 months. Flooding resulted in reduced root biomass, which is in line with lower concentrations of citrate, α-ketoglutaric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in Taxodium 406 roots. Flooding led to elevated activities of pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, which is consistent with higher lactate concentration in the roots of Taxodium 406. Flooding brought about stimulated activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and GSH/oxidized glutathione, which is in agreement with reduced concentrations of O2- and H2O2 in Taxodium 406 roots. The levels of starch, soluble protein, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin A4 and jasmonate were decreased, whereas the concentrations of glucose, total non-structural carbohydrates, most amino acids and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) were improved in the roots of flooding-treated Taxodium 406. Underlying these changes in growth and physiological characteristics, 12,420 mRNAs and 42 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, and 886 miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified in the roots of flooding-exposed Taxodium 406. For instance, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 8 (ACS8) was a target of Th-miR162-3p and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4 (ACO4) was a target of Th-miR166i, and the downregulation of Th-miR162-3p and Th-miR166i results in the upregulation of ACS8 and ACO4, probably bringing about higher ACC content in flooding-treated roots. Overall, these results indicate that differentially expressed mRNA and miRNAs are involved in regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle, ATP production, fermentation, and metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and phytohormones, as well as reactive oxygen species detoxification of Taxodium 406 roots. These processes play pivotal roles in acclimation to flooding stress. These results will improve our understanding of the molecular and physiological bases underlying woody plant flooding acclimation and provide valuable insights into breeding-flooding tolerant trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - David L Creech
- Department of Agriculture, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, 1936 North St, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-3000, USA
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
- Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen, No. 1 Qianhu Houcun, Zhongshanmen Wai, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu Y, Xiang P, Zhang S, Lu Z, Zhou Z, Yin Y, Hua J, Shi Q, Yu W, Yu C. Physiological and transcriptional regulation in Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' leaves in acclimation to prolonged partial submergence. PLANTA 2023; 258:66. [PMID: 37592053 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Taxodium 703 leaves activate fermentation, amino acids metabolism and ROS detoxification, and reduce TCA cycle and ABA biosynthesis in acclimation to prolonged partial submergence stress. Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 703' (T. mucronatum × T. distichum; Taxodium 703) is a highly flooding-tolerant woody plant. To investigate the physiological and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying its leaves in acclimation to long-term flooding, we exposed cuttings of Taxodium 703 to either non-flooding (control) or partial submergence for 2 months. The leaf tissues above (AL) and below (BL) flooding-water were separately harvested. Partial submergence decreased concentrations of chlorophyll (a + b) and dehydroascorbate (DHA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in AL, and reduced biomass, concentrations of succinic acid, fumaric acid and malic acid, and transcript levels of genes involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in BL. Under partial submergence, concentrations of starch, malondialdehyde and abscisic acid (ABA) decreased, and also mRNA levels of nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases that are involved in ABA biosynthesis in AL and BL of Taxodium 703. Partial submergence increased O2- content in AL, and improved concentrations of pyruvate and soluble sugars and activities of LDH and peroxidase in BL. In addition, partial submergence increased concentrations of ethanol, lactate, alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid, total amino acids and ascorbic acid (ASA), and ASA/DHA, activities of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as transcript levels of ADH1A, ADH1B and genes involved in alanine biosynthesis and starch degradation in AL and BL of Taxodium 703. Overall, these results suggest that Taxodium 703 leaves activate fermentation, amino acids metabolism and reactive oxygen species detoxification, and maintain a steady supply of sugars, and reduce TCA cycle and ABA biosynthesis in acclimation to prolonged partial submergence stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wanwen Yu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qiao K, Lv J, Chen L, Wang Y, Ma L, Wang J, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma Q, Fan S. GhSTP18, a member of sugar transport proteins family, negatively regulates salt stress in cotton. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13982. [PMID: 37616007 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter protein (STP) family has been shown to play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, it has not been studied in cotton compared to other major crops. In this study, we identified 90 STP genes from four cotton species, performed bioinformatic analysis, and focused on the role of GhSTP18 in salt stress. According to our results, cotton STP proteins were divided into four subgroups according to the phylogenetic tree. A synteny analysis suggested that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication were key drivers in the expansion of the STP gene family. The transcriptomic data analysis showed that 29 GhSTP genes exhibited sink-specific expression. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses revealed that expression of GhSTP18 was induced by salt treatment, heat treatment, cold treatment, and drought treatment, and continuously increased during a salt stress time course. Notably, GhSTP18 encodes a plasma membrane-localized galactose transporter. Suppression of GhSTP18 transcription by a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay reduced sensitivity to salt stress in cotton, indicating that GhSTP18 negatively regulates plant salt tolerance. These results provide an important reference and resource for further studying and deploying STP genes for cotton improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Base of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Base of National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qifeng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Guo W, Lu Y, Zhou T, Wang Y, Tang X, Zhang J. Genome-wide characterization of the inositol transporters gene family in Populus and functional characterization of PtINT1b in response to salt stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:197-206. [PMID: 36572075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inositol transporters (INTs) can mediate the transmembrane transport of inositol, and play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress resistance. However, the INT gene family in Populus has not been reported. Herein, nine INT genes were identified in the Populus trichocarpa genome and divided into three clades. Tandem duplication and whole-genome duplication events could induce the expansion of PtINT gene family. It was worth noting that PtINT1c* and 1d* formed by twice tandem gene duplication events of PtINT1b, but both had undergone partial structural loss during evolution. PtINT2_p1* and PtINT2_p2* might be originated from one INT2 gene by stop codon- and start codon-gain variants. Different members of PtINTs were localized to the plasma membrane or vacuolar membrane. PtINTs had diversified tissue expression profiles, and many members were significantly induced or suppressed after salt and drought treatments. PtINT1b was induced by drought and salinity stresses, and encoded a vacuolar inositol transporter. Overexpression of PtINT1b rendered the transgenic Arabidopsis plants more resistant to salt stress. In conclusion, this study provides valuable clues for future research on the function of PtINTs, and PtINT1b was identified as a candidate gene for genetic engineering to enhance salinity tolerance in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze Uninversity, Heze, Shandong 274015, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Yizeng Lu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest and Grass Germplasm Resources, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze Uninversity, Heze, Shandong 274015, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze Uninversity, Heze, Shandong 274015, China
| | - Xin Tang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze Uninversity, Heze, Shandong 274015, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Li X, Zhang J, Li D, Yan L, You M, Zhang J, Lei X, Chang D, Ji X, An J, Li M, Bai S, Yan J. Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Contrasting Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Varieties to High Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:753011. [PMID: 34956258 PMCID: PMC8695758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.753011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) is an important factor for limiting global plant distribution and agricultural production. As the global temperature continues to rise, it is essential to clarify the physiological and molecular mechanisms of alfalfa responding the high temperature, which will contribute to the improvement of heat resistance in leguminous crops. In this study, the physiological and proteomic responses of two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties contrasting in heat tolerance, MS30 (heat-tolerant) and MS37 (heat-sensitive), were comparatively analyzed under the treatments of continuously rising temperatures for 42 days. The results showed that under the HT stress, the chlorophyll content and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter (Fv/Fm) of alfalfa were significant reduced and some key photosynthesis-related proteins showed a down-regulated trend. Moreover, the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and the electrolyte leakage (EL) of alfalfa showed an upward trend, which indicates both alfalfa varieties were damaged under HT stress. However, because the antioxidation-reduction and osmotic adjustment ability of MS30 were significantly stronger than MS37, the damage degree of the photosynthetic system and membrane system of MS30 is significantly lower than that of MS37. On this basis, the global proteomics analysis was undertaken by tandem mass tags (TMT) technique, a total of 6,704 proteins were identified and quantified. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that a series of key pathways including photosynthesis, metabolism, adjustment and repair were affected by HT stress. Through analyzing Venn diagrams of two alfalfa varieties, 160 and 213 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that had dynamic changes under HT stress were identified from MS30 and MS37, respectively. Among these DEPs, we screened out some key DEPs, such as ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH protein, vitamin K epoxide reductase family protein, ClpB3, etc., which plays important functions in response to HT stress. In conclusion, the stronger heat-tolerance of MS30 was attributed to its higher adjustment and repair ability, which could cause the metabolic process of MS30 is more conducive to maintaining its survival and growth than MS37, especially at the later period of HT stress. This study provides a useful catalog of the Medicago sativa L. proteomes with the insight into its future genetic improvement of heat-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhu Li
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Daxu Li
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghong You
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Chang
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinchan An
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Institute of Herbaceous Plants, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Practical Implications of Different Phenotypic and Molecular Responses of Evergreen Conifer and Broadleaf Deciduous Forest Tree Species to Regulated Water Deficit in a Container Nursery. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent climatic changes have resulted in an increased frequency and prolonged periods of drought and strained water resources affecting plant production. We explored the possibility of reducing irrigation in a container nursery and studied the growth responses of seedlings of four economically important forest trees: broadleaf deciduous angiosperms Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., and evergreen conifers Abies alba Mill. and Pinus sylvestris L. We also studied markers of water stress including modifications of biomass allocation, leaf anatomy, proline accumulation, and expression of selected genes. Growth of the broadleaved deciduous species was more sensitive to the reduced water supply than that of conifers. Remarkably, growth of the shade tolerant Abies was not affected. Adjustment of biomass allocations was strongest in P. sylvestris, with a remarkable increase in allocation to roots. In response to water deficit both deciduous species accumulated proline in leaves and produced leaves with shorter palisade cells, reduced vascular tissues, and smaller conduit diameters. These responses did not occur in conifers. Relative transcript abundance of a gene encoding the Zn-finger protein in Q. petraea and a gene encoding the pore calcium channel protein 1 in A. alba increased as water deficit increased. Our study shows major differences between functional groups in response to irrigation, with seedlings of evergreen conifers having higher tolerance than the deciduous species. This suggests that major water savings could be achieved by adjusting irrigation regime to functional group or species requirements.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao X, Shen Q, Ma S, Liu L, Cheng J. Physiological and PIP Transcriptional Responses to Progressive Soil Water Deficit in Three Mulberry Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1310. [PMID: 32983200 PMCID: PMC7488926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although mulberry cultivars Wubu, Yu711, and 7307 display distinct anatomical, morphological, and agronomic characteristics under natural conditions, it remains unclear if they differ in drought tolerance. To address this question and elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms at the whole-plant level, 2-month old saplings of the three mulberry cultivars were exposed to progressive soil water deficit for 5 days. The physiological responses and transcriptional changes of PIPs in different plant tissues were analyzed. Drought stress led to reduced leaf relative water content (RWC) and tissue water contents, differentially expressed PIPs, decreased chlorophyll and starch, increased soluble sugars and free proline, and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes in all plant parts of the three cultivars. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 •-), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were significantly declined in roots, stimulated in leaves but unaltered in wood and bark. In contrast, except the roots of 7307, soluble proteins were repressed in roots and leaves but induced in wood and bark of the three cultivars in response to progressive water deficit. These results revealed tissue-specific drought stress responses in mulberry. Comparing to cultivar Yu711 and 7307, Wubu showed generally slighter changes in leaf RWC and tissue water contents at day 2, corresponding well to the steady PIP transcript levels, foliar concentrations of chlorophyll, O2 •-, MDA, and free proline. At day 5, Wubu sustained higher tissue water contents in green tissues, displayed stronger responsiveness of PIP transcription, lower concentrations of soluble sugars and starch, lower foliar MDA, higher proline and soluble proteins, higher ROS accumulation and enhanced activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicate that whole-plant level responses of PIP transcription, osmoregulation through proline and soluble proteins and antioxidative protection are important mechanisms for mulberry to cope with drought stress. These traits play significant roles in conferring the relatively higher drought tolerance of cultivar Wubu and could be potentially useful for future mulberry improvement programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiudi Shen
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sang Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jialing Cheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang X, Soolanayakanahally RY, Guy RD, Shunmugam ASK, Mansfield SD. Differences in growth and physiological and metabolic responses among Canadian native and hybrid willows (Salix spp.) under salinity stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:652-666. [PMID: 32083671 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, soil salinization is becoming increasingly prevalent, due to local hydrogeologic phenomena, climate change and anthropogenic activities. This has significantly curtailed current world food production and limits future production potential. In the prairie region of North America, sulfate salts, rather than sodium chloride, are often the predominant cause of soil degradation. In order to amend soil quality, revegetate salt-affected sites and recover economic loss associated with soil salinization, the establishment of short-rotation coppice plantations with willows (Salix spp.) has been suggested as a possible solution. To screen for the best candidates for such an application, 20 hybrid and 16 native willow genotypes were treated with three different salt conditions for 3 months. The treatments were designed to reflect the salt composition and concentrations on North American prairies. Under moderate salinity treatment (7 dS m-1), hybrid willows had better growth, as they established quickly while managing salt transport and mineral nutrition balance. However, native willows showed higher potential for long-term survival under severe salinity treatment (14 dS m-1), showing a lower sodium:potassium ratio in roots and better photosynthetic performance. Two native willow genotypes with high osmotic and salinity tolerance indices, specifically LAR-10 and MJW-9, are expected to show superior potential for remediating salt-affected sites. In addition, we observed significantly higher sulfate/sulfur concentrations in both leaf and root tissues in response to the severe salinity treatment, shedding light on the effect of sulfate salinity on sulfate uptake, and potentially sulfur metabolism in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Robert D Guy
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Arun S K Shunmugam
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria Research, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang XX, Whalley PA, Ashton RW, Evans J, Hawkesford MJ, Griffiths S, Huang ZD, Zhou H, Mooney SJ, Whalley WR. A comparison between water uptake and root length density in winter wheat: effects of root density and rhizosphere properties. PLANT AND SOIL 2020. [PMID: 32848280 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-020-04582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aim to quantify the variation in root distribution in a set of 35 experimental wheat lines. We also compared the effect of variation in hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere on water uptake by roots. METHODS We measured the root length density and soil drying in 35 wheat lines in a field experiment. A 3D numerical model was used to predict soil drying profiles with the different root length distributions and compared with measured soil drying. The model was used to test different scenarios of the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere. RESULTS We showed that wheat lines with no detectable differences in root length density can induce soil drying profiles with statistically significant differences. Our data confirmed that a root length density of at least 1 cm/cm3 is needed to drain all the available water in soil. In surface layers where the root length density was far greater than 1 cm/cm3 water uptake was independent of rooting density due to competition for water. However, in deeper layers where root length density was less than 1 cm/cm3, water uptake by roots was proportional to root density. CONCLUSION In a set of wheat lines with no detectable differences in the root length density we found significant differences in water uptake. This may be because small differences in root density at depth can result in larger differences in water uptake or that the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere can greatly affect water uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X X Zhang
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - P A Whalley
- University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory, Andrew Wiles Building, Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - R W Ashton
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - J Evans
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - M J Hawkesford
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| | - S Griffiths
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
| | - Z D Huang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002 Henan China
| | - H Zhou
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008 People's Republic of China
| | - S J Mooney
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - W R Whalley
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Roles of Auxin Biosynthesis YUCCA Gene Family in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246343. [PMID: 31888214 PMCID: PMC6941117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin plays essential roles in plant normal growth and development. The auxin signaling pathway relies on the auxin gradient within tissues and cells, which is facilitated by both local auxin biosynthesis and polar auxin transport (PAT). The TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS (TAA)/YUCCA (YUC) pathway is the most important and well-characterized pathway that plants deploy to produce auxin. YUCs function as flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) catalyzing the rate-limiting irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of indole-3-pyruvate acid (IPyA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The spatiotemporal dynamic expression of different YUC gene members finely tunes the local auxin biosynthesis in plants, which contributes to plant development as well as environmental responses. In this review, the recent advances in the identification, evolution, molecular structures, and functions in plant development and stress response regarding the YUC gene family are addressed.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Z, Yong B, Cheng B, Wu X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Peng Y. Nitric oxide, γ-aminobutyric acid, and mannose pretreatment influence metabolic profiles in white clover under water stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:1255-1273. [PMID: 30609265 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and mannose (MAS) could be important regulators of plant growth and adaptation to water stress. The application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor), GABA, and MAS improved plant growth under water-sufficient conditions and effectively mitigated water stress damage to white clover. The metabonomic analysis showed that both SNP and GABA application resulted in a significant increase in myo-inositol content; the accumulation of mannose was commonly regulated by SNP and MAS; GABA and MAS induced the accumulation of aspartic acid, quinic acid, trehalose, and glycerol under water deficit. In addition, citric acid was uniquely up-regulated by SNP associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under water stress. GABA specially induced the accumulation of GABA, glycine, methionine, and aconitic acid related to GABA shunt, amino acids metabolism, and TCA cycle in response to water stress. MAS uniquely enhanced the accumulation of asparagine, galactose, and D-pinitol in association with amino acids and sugars metabolism under water stress. SNP-, GABA-, and MAS-induced changes of metabolic profiles and associated metabolic pathways could contribute to enhanced stress tolerance via involvement in the TCA cycle for energy supply, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and signal transduction for stress defense in white clover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Yong
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Physiological and Transcriptomic Changes during the Early Phases of Adventitious Root Formation in Mulberry Stem Hardwood Cuttings. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153707. [PMID: 31362363 PMCID: PMC6696018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The initiation and induction of root primordia are of great importance for adventitious root (AR) formation in cutting propagation of horticultural and forestry crops. However, the underlying mechanisms orchestrating these early phases of AR formation remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptomic changes during the early AR phases in mulberry stem hardwood cuttings. The results showed that the concentrations of soluble proteins increased, whereas concentrations of soluble sugars and starch were decreased. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin had a rapid transit peak at 6 h after planting (hAP) and declined thereafter. The activities of peroxidase and catalase persistently increased and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase was maintained at a higher stable level from 0 hAP, while the activities of polyphenol oxidase fluctuated with soluble phenolics and IAA levels. The comparative transcriptome identified 4276 common genes that were differentially regulated at −6, 0 and 54 hAP. They were separated into five clusters with distinct biological functions such as defense response and photosynthesis. Considerable common genes were assigned to pathways of sugar metabolism, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and circadian rhythm. The gene co-expression network analysis revealed three major co-expressed modules involved in stress responses, hormone signaling, energy metabolism, starch metabolism, and circadian rhythm. These findings demonstrate the positive effect of auxin on AR induction, and uncovered the crucial roles of stress responses, hormone signaling and circadian rhythm in coordinating the physiological changes during the early phases of AR formation in mulberry stem hardwood cuttings.
Collapse
|
14
|
Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Heat-Stress Response of Populus tomentosa Carr. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10050383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved mechanisms of stress tolerance responses to heat stress. However, little is known about metabolic responses to heat stress in trees. In this study, we exposed Populus tomentosa Carr. to control (25 °C) and heat stress (45 °C) treatments and analyzed the metabolic and transcriptomic effects. Heat stress increased the cellular concentration of H2O2 and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The levels of proline, raffinose, and melibiose were increased by heat stress, whereas those of pyruvate, fumarate, and myo-inositol were decreased. The expression levels of most genes (PSB27, PSB28, LHCA5, PETB, and PETC) related to the light-harvesting complexes and photosynthetic electron transport system were downregulated by heat stress. Association analysis between key genes and altered metabolites indicated that glycolysis was enhanced, whereas the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was suppressed. The inositol phosphate; galactose; valine, leucine, and isoleucine; and arginine and proline metabolic pathways were significantly affected by heat stress. In addition, several transcription factors, including HSFA2, HSFA3, HSFA9, HSF4, MYB27, MYB4R1, and bZIP60 were upregulated, whereas WRKY13 and WRKY50 were downregulated by heat stress. Interestingly, under heat stress, the expression of DREB1, DREB2, DREB2E, and DREB5 was dramatically upregulated at 12 h. Our results suggest that proline, raffinose, melibiose, and several genes (e.g., PSB27, LHCA5, and PETB) and transcription factors (e.g., HSFAs and DREBs) are involved in the response to heat stress in P. tomentosa.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ullah C, Tsai C, Unsicker SB, Xue L, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Hammerbacher A. Salicylic acid activates poplar defense against the biotrophic rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina via increased biosynthesis of catechin and proanthocyanidins. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:960-975. [PMID: 30168132 PMCID: PMC6585937 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Poplar trees synthesize flavan-3-ols (catechin and proanthocyanidins) as a defense against foliar rust fungi, but the regulation of this defense response is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of hormones in regulating flavan-3-ol accumulation in poplar during rust infection. We profiled levels of defense hormones, signaling genes, and flavan-3-ol metabolites in black poplar leaves at different stages of rust infection. Hormone levels were manipulated by external sprays, genetic engineering, and drought to reveal their role in rust fungal defenses. Levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid increased in rust-infected leaves and activated downstream signaling, with SA levels correlating closely with those of flavan-3-ols. Pretreatment with the SA analog benzothiadiazole increased flavan-3-ol accumulation by activating the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex and reduced rust proliferation. Furthermore, transgenic poplar lines overproducing SA exhibited higher amounts of flavan-3-ols constitutively via the same transcriptional activation mechanism. These findings suggest a strong association among SA, flavan-3-ol biosynthesis, and rust resistance in poplars. Abscisic acid also promoted poplar defense against rust infection, but likely through stomatal immunity independent of flavan-3-ols. Jasmonic acid did not confer any apparent defense responses to the fungal pathogen. We conclude that SA activates flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in poplar against rust infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chhana Ullah
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Straße 807745JenaGermany
| | - Chung‐Jui Tsai
- School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesDepartment of GeneticsDepartment of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Sybille B. Unsicker
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Straße 807745JenaGermany
| | - Liangjiao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and BiotechnologyCo‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaCollege of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsu210037China
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Straße 807745JenaGermany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans‐Knöll‐Straße 807745JenaGermany
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPrivate Bag X20Pretoria0028South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dash M, Yordanov YS, Georgieva T, Wei H, Busov V. Gene network analysis of poplar root transcriptome in response to drought stress identifies a PtaJAZ3PtaRAP2.6-centered hierarchical network. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208560. [PMID: 30540849 PMCID: PMC6291141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Using time-series transcriptomic data from poplar roots undergoing polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress, we built a genetic network model of the involved putative molecular responses. We found that the network resembled a hierarchical structure. The highest hierarchical level in this structure is occupied by 9 genes, which we called superhubs because they were primarily connected to 18 hub genes, which are then connected to 2,934 terminal genes. We were only able to regenerate transgenic plants overexpressing two of the superhubs, suggesting that the majority of the superhubs might interfere with the regeneration process and did not allow recovery of transgenic plants. The two superhubs encode proteins with closest homology to JAZ3 and RAP2.6 genes of Arabidopsis and were consequently named PtaJAZ3 and PtaRAP2.6. PtaJAZ3 and PtaRAP2.6 overexpressing transgenic lines showed a significant increase in both root elongation and lateral root proliferation and these responses were specific for the drought stress conditions and were highly correlated with the levels of overexpression of the transgenes. Several lines of evidence suggest of regulatory interactions between the two superhubs. Both superhubs were significantly induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Because jasmonate signaling involves ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation, treatment with proteasome inhibitor abolished the MeJA induction for both genes. PtaRAP2.6 was upregulated in PtaJAZ3 transgenics but PtaJAZ3 expression was not affected in the PtaRAP2.6 overexpressors. The discovery of the two genes and further future insights into the associated mechanisms can lead to improved understanding and novel approaches to regulate root architecture in relation to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Dash
- Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - Yordan S. Yordanov
- Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - Tatyana Georgieva
- Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - Hairong Wei
- Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| | - Victor Busov
- Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang C, Meng S, Li M, Zhao Z. Transcriptomic insight into nitrogen uptake and metabolism of Populus simonii in response to drought and low nitrogen stresses. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1672-1684. [PMID: 30099549 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of plant responses to drought and low nitrogen (N) stresses is necessary to improve N use in water-limited lands, maintaining the sustainable and healthy development of ecosystems. In the present study, we investigated morphological, physiological and transcriptome changes in Populus simonii Carr. root responding to long-term drought and low N stresses. Both stresses resulted in lower net photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll content and total dry weight. Transcriptome analysis of fine roots identified 4642 genes that were differentially expressed in response to drought and/or low N stresses. Most ammonium transporters had high transcript abundances in response to drought and/or low N stress; meanwhile the ratio of ammonium to nitrate concentrations was increased under drought condition. Data of N uptakes and metabolism further supported that fine roots under drought stress increased ammonium uptake, and the aspartate-derived amino acid pathway might play a key role in tolerating drought stress in poplar roots. The large-scale dataset in this study presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in drought and low N stress. When linked with physiology and metabolomics data, these results provide new insights into the modulation of N uptake, metabolism and storage, and events within the N-related pathways for transportation, assimilation and amino acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sen Meng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng S, Wang S, Quan J, Su W, Lian C, Wang D, Xia X, Yin W. Distinct Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Two Contrasting Poplar Species in Response to Different N Supply Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2302. [PMID: 30082610 PMCID: PMC6121361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplars have evolved various strategies to optimize acclimation responses to environmental conditions. However, how poplars balance growth and nitrogen deficiency remains to be elucidated. In the present study, changes in root development, carbon and nitrogen physiology, and the transcript abundance of associated genes were investigated in slow-growing Populus simonii (Ps) and fast-growing Populus euramericana (Pe) saplings treated with low, medium, and high nitrogen supply. The slow-growing Ps showed a flourishing system, higher δ15N, accelerated C export, lower N uptake and assimilation, and less sensitive transcriptional regulation in response to low N supply. The slow-growing Ps also had greater resistance to N deficiency due to the transport of photosynthate to the roots and the stimulation of root development, which allows survival. To support its rapid metabolism and growth, compared with the slow-growing Ps, the fast-growing Pe showed greater root development, C/N uptake and assimilation capacity, and more responsive transcriptional regulation with greater N supply. These data suggest that poplars can differentially manage C/N metabolism and photosynthate allocation under different N supply conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jine Quan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Wanlong Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Conglong Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dongli Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xinli Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Weilun Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia J, Zhou J, Shi W, Cao X, Luo J, Polle A, Luo ZB. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the roles of overlapping heat-/drought-responsive genes in poplars exposed to high temperature and drought. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43215. [PMID: 28233854 PMCID: PMC5324098 DOI: 10.1038/srep43215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature (HT) and drought are both critical factors that constrain tree growth and survival under global climate change, but it is surprising that the transcriptomic reprogramming and physiological relays involved in the response to HT and/or drought remain unknown in woody plants. Thus, Populus simonii saplings were exposed to either ambient temperature or HT combined with sufficient watering or drought. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that a large number of genes were differentially expressed in poplar roots and leaves in response to HT and/or desiccation, but only a small number of these genes were identified as overlapping heat-/drought-responsive genes that are mainly involved in RNA regulation, transport, hormone metabolism, and stress. Furthermore, the overlapping heat-/drought-responsive genes were co-expressed and formed hierarchical genetic regulatory networks under each condition compared. HT-/drought-induced transcriptomic reprogramming is linked to physiological relays in poplar roots and leaves. For instance, HT- and/or drought-induced abscisic acid accumulation and decreases in auxin and other phytohormones corresponded well with the differential expression of a few genes involved in hormone metabolism. These results suggest that overlapping heat-/drought-responsive genes will play key roles in the transcriptional and physiological reconfiguration of poplars to HT and/or drought under future climatic scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.,College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Büsgen-Institute, Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pazouki L, Kanagendran A, Li S, Kännaste A, Memari HR, Bichele R, Niinemets Ü. Mono- and sesquiterpene release from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) leaves upon mild and severe heat stress and through recovery: from gene expression to emission responses. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 132:1-15. [PMID: 29367791 PMCID: PMC5777606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants frequently experience heat ramps of various severities, but how and to what degree plant metabolic activity recovers from mild and severe heat stress is poorly understood. In this study, we exposed the constitutive terpene emitter, Solanum. lycopersicum leaves to mild (37 and 41 °C), moderate (46 °C) and severe (49 °C) heat ramps of 5 min. and monitored foliage photosynthetic activity, lipoxygenase pathway volatile (LOX), and mono- and sesquiterpene emissions and expression of two terpene synthase genes, β-phellandrene synthase and (E)-β-caryophyllene/α-humulene synthase, through a 24 h recovery period upon return to pre-stress conditions. Leaf monoterpene emissions were dominated by β-phellandrene and sesquiterpene emissions by (E)-β-caryophyllene, and thus, these two terpene synthase genes were representative for the two volatile terpene classes. Photosynthetic characteristics partly recovered under moderate heat stress, and very limited recovery was observed under severe stress. All stress treatments resulted in elicitation of LOX emissions that declined during recovery. Enhanced mono- and sesquiterpene emissions were observed immediately after the heat treatment, but the emissions decreased even to below the control treatment during recovery between 2-10 h, and raised again by 24 h. The expression of β-phellandrene and (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase genes decreased between 2-10 h after heat stress, and recovered to pre-stress level in mild heat stress treatment by 24 h. Overall, this study demonstrates a highly sensitive heat response of terpenoid synthesis that is mainly controlled by gene level responses under mild stress, while severe stress leads to non-recoverable declines in foliage physiological and gene expression activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Hamid Rajabi Memari
- Biotechnology and Life Science Center and School of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rudolf Bichele
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|