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Feng Z, Gao B, Qin C, Lian B, Wu J, Wang J. Overexpression of PsMYB62 from Potentilla sericea confers cadmium tolerance in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109146. [PMID: 39342660 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Excessive cadmium (Cd) content in soil poses serious hazard to the survival and development of various organisms. Potentilla sericea, characterized by strong resistance and high utility value, is an excellent choice for urban ecological greening. Plant MYB transcription factors can participate in respondind to a variety of abiotic stresses such as heavy metals and salinity. In this study, PsMYB62 was transformed into tobacco by leaf disc infestation to obtain PsMYB62 overexpressing tobacco lines, and its mechanism in response to Cd stress was further investigated. The results showed that with Cd treatment, PsMYB62 overexpressing tobacco exhibited significantly higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, chlorophyll content, as well as enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase enzymes, along with increased levels of reduced glutathione, proline, and soluble protein compared to the control. Conversely, levels of O2- and H2O2, and malondialdehyde were markedly lower than those in the control(P<0.05). Moreover, the aboveground Cd content was notably higher in the control than in the transgenic lines, whereas the control was much lower than the transgenic lines in the belowground fraction, with Cd subcellular distribution ratios ranking as follows: cell wall fraction > soluble fraction > organelle fraction (P<0.05). The expression of NtHMA3, NtYSL, NtPDR4 and NtPDR5B were much lower in transgenic lines compared to the control, while NtNAS3, NtSOD, and NtGSH2 exhibited significantly higher expression. Consequently, this study provides genetic resources for molecular breeding of Cd-tolerant plants through genetic engineering and lays a theoretical foundation for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Feng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Bing Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Chongyuan Qin
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Bing Lian
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Jianhui Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Jinghong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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2
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Song X, Kong F, Liu BF, Song Q, Ren NQ, Ren HY. Antioxidants alleviated low-temperature stress in microalgae by modulating reactive oxygen species to improve lipid production and antioxidant defense. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131451. [PMID: 39244108 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various concentrations of antioxidants, including butyl hydroxy anisd (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), fulvic acid (FA), melatonin (MT), glycine betaine (GB) and putrescine (Put), on growth and lipid synthesis of microalgae under low-temperature (15 ℃). Changes in biochemical indicators, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidant enzyme activities were also studied. The results indicated that the maximum biomass concentration (1.3 g/L) and lipid productivity (75.3 ± 5.8 mg/L d-1) were achieved under 100 μM MT and 1 μM GB, respectively. Moreover, antioxidants were able to increase the GSH and antioxidant enzymes activities in algal cells under low-temperature stress. This study was enlightening for the utilization of antioxidants to improve the resistance to low-temperature stress and lipid production in microalgae, and provided a theoretical basis for the application of microalgae for lipid accumulation in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Tsai TY, Chien YL, Zheng YY, Li YC, Chen JC, Su RC, Ben-Sheleg A, Khozin-Goldberg I, Vonshak A, Lee TM. Modification in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle leads to a better acclimation to high light in the rose Bengal resistant mutant of Nannochloropsis oceanica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108326. [PMID: 38237421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how to adapt outdoor cultures of Nannochloropsis oceanica to high light (HL) is vital for boosting productivity. The N. oceanica RB2 mutant, obtained via ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, was chosen for its tolerance to Rose Bengal (RB), a singlet oxygen (1O2) generator. Compared to the wild type (WT), the RB2 mutant showed higher resilience to excess light conditions. Analyzing the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC), involving ascorbate peroxidases (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7), in the RB2 mutant under HL stress provided valuable insights. At 250 μmol photon m-2 s-1 (HL), the WT strain displayed superoxide anion radicals (O2▪-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, increased lipid peroxidation, and cell death compared to normal light (NL) conditions (50 μmol photon m-2 s-1). The RB2 mutant didn't accumulate O2▪- and H2O2 after HL exposure, and exhibited increased APX, DHAR, and GR activities and transcript levels compared to WT and remained consistent after HL treatment. Although the RB2 mutant had a smaller ascorbate (AsA) pool than the WT, its ability to regenerate dehydroascorbate (DHA) increased post HL exposure, indicated by a higher AsA/DHA ratio. Additionally, under HL conditions, the RB2 mutant displayed an improved glutathione (GSH) regeneration rate (GSH/GSSG ratio) without changing the GSH pool size. Remarkably, H2O2 or menadione (a O2▪- donor) treatment induced cell death in the WT strain but not in the RB2 mutant. These findings emphasize the essential role of AGC in the RB2 mutant of Nannochloropsis in handling photo-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chien
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yun Zheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Li
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chih Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Chih Su
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Avraham Ben-Sheleg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
| | - Avigad Vonshak
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel.
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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4
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Godana EA, Zhang X, Yang Q, Hu W, Zhao L, Wang K, Zhang H. Yarrowia lipolytica increased the activities of disease defense related enzymes and anti-fungal compounds in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105748. [PMID: 38225091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Fungal diseases pose significant threats to the production of asparagus, resulting in economic losses and decreased crop quality. The potential of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium proliferatum, a common pathogen of asparagus, was investigated in this study. The effects of Y. lipolytica treatment on decay incidence, disease index, and activities of major disease defense-related enzymes were investigated. In addition, we examined the levels of antifungal compounds such as total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin in asparagus plants exposed to Y. lipolytica. The results showed that Y. lipolytica treatment significantly reduced decay incidence and disease index caused by F. proliferatum when compared to the control group. Furthermore, Y. lipolytica-treated plants showed increased activity of disease defense-related enzymes, indicating that defense responses were activated. The activities of all evaluated enzymes were significantly higher in Y. lipolytica-treated asparagus, indicating an improved ability to combat fungal pathogens. Furthermore, Y. lipolytica treatment increased the content of antifungal compounds such as total phenols, flavonoids, and lignin, which are known to possess antimicrobial properties. These findings highlight the potential of Y. lipolytica as a biocontrol agent for fungal diseases in asparagus crops. The ability of Y. lipolytica to reduce disease incidence, boost disease defense-related enzymes, and increase antifungal compound content provides valuable insights into its efficacy as a natural and sustainable approach to disease management. However, further investigations are needed to optimize application methods and determine its efficacy under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa Abiso Godana
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wanying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Kanda T, Srivastava R, Yadav S, Singh N, Prajapati R, Singh PK, Yadav S, Atri N. Pretilachlor-induced physiological, biochemical and morphological changes in Indian paddy field agroecosystem inhabited Anabaena doliolum. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117201. [PMID: 37775005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Pretilachlor is a systemic, pre-emergence herbicide applied in the paddy fields to kill narrow and broadleaf weeds. The present study evaluates the toxicity of pretilachlor on the non-target diazotrophic free-living cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum, commonly found in the paddy fields of eastern Uttar Pradesh (India) and used as a biofertilizer. A.doliolum was subjected to several doses (0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml) of pretilachlor and its effects were examined in terms of alterations in cellular morphology, ultrastructure, physiology, and biochemical attributes. The treatment of pretilachlor decreased the growth, total pigment content and photosynthetic efficiency of the test organism in a dose-dependent manner. The decline in growth was observed on 20th day at 2, 5, 7, 10, 20 and 40 μg/ml of pretilachlor concentration by 4, 9, 26, 47, 71 and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, Chlorophyll a and phycocyanin levels were noticeably declined. As a result, the photosynthetic performance also registered a similar decline as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. However, carotenoid content increased by 13%, 41% and 53% at 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml on 5th day reflecting its protective property. A marked increase in fluorescence intensity and malondialdehyde content by 2.65 and 2.45 folds at 10 and 20 μg/ml on 7th day was registered. The enzymatic antioxidants (SOD and CAT) and a concurrent increase in glutathione reductase activity were registered (1.75 and 2.11-fold at 20 and 40 μg/ml on 5th day), indicating pretilachlor mediated ROS generation. Moreover, ultrastructural studies done by SEM and TEM revealed plasma membrane and thylakoid membrane damage and fragmentation. These findings have contributed to the broader comprehension of the stress responses triggered by pretilachlor in cyanobacteria. Moreover, they can aid in the evaluation of the detrimental impact of pretilachlor on A. doliolum, given their crucial function as a nitrogen contributor in paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Kanda
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Rupanshee Srivastava
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Sadhana Yadav
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Prajapati
- Department of Botany, Government College of Art's and Commerce, Beohari, Shahdol, M.P, 48774, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Pacchunga University College Campus, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India.
| | - Neelam Atri
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India.
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6
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Cassier-Chauvat C, Marceau F, Farci S, Ouchane S, Chauvat F. The Glutathione System: A Journey from Cyanobacteria to Higher Eukaryotes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1199. [PMID: 37371929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From bacteria to plants and humans, the glutathione system plays a pleiotropic role in cell defense against metabolic, oxidative and metal stresses. Glutathione (GSH), the γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine nucleophile tri-peptide, is the central player of this system that acts in redox homeostasis, detoxification and iron metabolism in most living organisms. GSH directly scavenges diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and carbon radicals. It also serves as a cofactor for various enzymes, such as glutaredoxins (Grxs), glutathione peroxidases (Gpxs), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), which play crucial roles in cell detoxication. This review summarizes what is known concerning the GSH-system (GSH, GSH-derived metabolites and GSH-dependent enzymes) in selected model organisms (Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and human), emphasizing cyanobacteria for the following reasons. Cyanobacteria are environmentally crucial and biotechnologically important organisms that are regarded as having evolved photosynthesis and the GSH system to protect themselves against the ROS produced by their active photoautotrophic metabolism. Furthermore, cyanobacteria synthesize the GSH-derived metabolites, ergothioneine and phytochelatin, that play crucial roles in cell detoxication in humans and plants, respectively. Cyanobacteria also synthesize the thiol-less GSH homologs ophthalmate and norophthalmate that serve as biomarkers of various diseases in humans. Hence, cyanobacteria are well-suited to thoroughly analyze the role/specificity/redundancy of the players of the GSH-system using a genetic approach (deletion/overproduction) that is hardly feasible with other model organisms (E. coli and S. cerevisiae do not synthesize ergothioneine, while plants and humans acquire it from their soil and their diet, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fanny Marceau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Farci
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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7
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Wang Q, Peng X, Lang D, Ma X, Zhang X. Physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals that the mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated oxidative stress of salt-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114264. [PMID: 36334340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely affects the growth and productivity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Our previous research found that the endophyte Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated the osmotic and oxidative stress in G. uralensis exposed to salinity. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to analyse the change in parameters related to osmotic adjustment and antioxidant metabolism by G2 in salt-stressed G. uralensis at the physio-biochemistry and transcriptome levels. The results showed that G2 significantly increased proline content by 48 %, glycine betaine content by 75 % due to activated expression of BADH1, and soluble sugar content by 77 % due to upregulated expression of α-glucosidase and SS, which might help to decrease the cell osmotic potential, enable the cell to absorb water, and stabilize the cell's protein and membrane structure, thereby alleviating osmotic stress. Regarding antioxidant metabolism, G2 significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27 %, which might be ascribed to the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity that facilitated the decrease in the superoxide radical (O2‾) production rate; it also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which helped stabilize the normal level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). G2 also increased glutathione (GSH) content by 65 % due to increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, but G2 decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content by 13 % due to decreased activity of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which could provide sufficient substrates for the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle to eliminate excess H2O2 that was not cleared in a timely manner by the antioxidant enzyme system. Taken together, G2 alleviated osmotic stress by increasing proline, soluble sugar, and glycine betaine contents and alleviated oxidative stress by the synergistic effect of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle. Therefore, the results may be useful for explaining the mechanism by which endophyte inoculation regulates the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueying Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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8
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Hui C, Schmollinger S, Strenkert D, Holbrook K, Montgomery HR, Chen S, Nelson HM, Weber PK, Merchant SS. Simple steps to enable reproducibility: culture conditions affecting Chlamydomonas growth and elemental composition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:995-1014. [PMID: 35699388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Even subtle modifications in growth conditions elicit acclimation responses affecting the molecular and elemental makeup of organisms, both in the laboratory and in natural habitats. We systematically explored the effect of temperature, pH, nutrient availability, culture density, and access to CO2 and O2 in laboratory-grown algal cultures on growth rate, the ionome, and the ability to accumulate Fe. We found algal cells accumulate Fe in alkaline conditions, even more so when excess Fe is present, coinciding with a reduced growth rate. Using a combination of Fe-specific dyes, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, and NanoSIMS, we show that the alkaline-accumulated Fe was intracellularly sequestered into acidocalcisomes, which are localized towards the periphery of the cells. At high photon flux densities, Zn and Ca specifically over-accumulate, while Zn alone accumulates at low temperatures. The impact of aeration was probed by reducing shaking speeds and changing vessel fill levels; the former increased the Cu quota of cultures, the latter resulted in a reduction in P, Ca, and Mn at low fill levels. Trace element quotas were also affected in the stationary phase, where specifically Fe, Cu, and Zn accumulate. Cu accumulation here depends inversely on the Fe concentration of the medium. Individual laboratory strains accumulate Ca, P, and Cu to different levels. All together, we identified a set of specific changes to growth rate, elemental composition, and the capacity to store Fe in response to subtle differences in culturing conditions of Chlamydomonas, affecting experimental reproducibility. Accordingly, we recommend that these variables be recorded and reported as associated metadata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Hui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stefan Schmollinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniela Strenkert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kristen Holbrook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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9
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Acquisition of desiccation tolerance in Haematococcus pluvialis requires photosynthesis and coincides with lipid and astaxanthin accumulation. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Kuo EY, Yang RY, Chin YY, Chien YL, Chen YC, Wei CY, Kao LJ, Chang YH, Li YJ, Chen TY, Lee TM. Multi-omics approaches and genetic engineering of metabolism for improved biorefinery and wastewater treatment in microalgae. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100603. [PMID: 35467782 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, a group of photosynthetic microorganisms rich in diverse and novel bioactive metabolites, have been explored for the production of biofuels, high value-added compounds as food and feeds, and pharmaceutical chemicals as agents with therapeutic benefits. This article reviews the development of omics resources and genetic engineering techniques including gene transformation methodologies, mutagenesis, and genome-editing tools in microalgae biorefinery and wastewater treatment. The introduction of these enlisted techniques has simplified the understanding of complex metabolic pathways undergoing microalgal cells. The multiomics approach of the integrated omics datasets, big data analysis, and machine learning for the discovery of objective traits and genes responsible for metabolic pathways was reviewed. Recent advances and limitations of multiomics analysis and genetic bioengineering technology to facilitate the improvement of microalgae as the dual role of wastewater treatment and biorefinery feedstock production are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva YuHua Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Yang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yu Chin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chien
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Kao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Li
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yuan Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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11
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Wang Y, Tan P, Chang L, Yue Z, Zeng C, Li M, Liu Z, Dong X, Yan M. Exogenous proline mitigates toxic effects of cadmium via the decrease of cadmium accumulation and reestablishment of redox homeostasis in Brassica juncea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35395715 PMCID: PMC8991812 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a vital osmoticum, proline has an important role in enhancing the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. It is unclear whether the application of exogenous proline can improve the tolerance of Brassica juncea to cadmium (Cd). RESULTS This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of proline (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) under Cd stress at different times (0 d, 2 d, and 7 d) on the growth and physiology of B. juncea. Treatment with exogenous proline not only increased the content of proline in B. juncea but also alleviated Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition via the maintenance of higher photosynthetic pigment content and cell viability and a decrease in the content of Cd. Moreover, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Compared with other concentrations, 60 mg/L of exogenous proline was the most effective at mitigating Cd toxicity in B. juncea. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous proline treatment enhanced the tolerance to Cd via a decrease in Cd accumulation and reestablishment of the redox homeostasis in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanduo Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Piaopiao Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Zheming Yue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Chaozhen Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China.
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China.
| | - Xujie Dong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource Biotechnology of Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 410125, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, China.
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12
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Nowicka B. Heavy metal-induced stress in eukaryotic algae-mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance with particular emphasis on oxidative stress in exposed cells and the role of antioxidant response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16860-16911. [PMID: 35006558 PMCID: PMC8873139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in living organisms. Increased anthropogenic emissions of heavy metal ions pose a serious threat to water and land ecosystems. The mechanism of heavy metal toxicity predominantly depends on (1) their high affinity to thiol groups, (2) spatial similarity to biochemical functional groups, (3) competition with essential metal cations, (4) and induction of oxidative stress. The antioxidant response is therefore crucial for providing tolerance to heavy metal-induced stress. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of heavy metal toxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidant response in eukaryotic algae. Types of ROS, their formation sites in photosynthetic cells, and the damage they cause to the cellular components are described at the beginning. Furthermore, heavy metals are characterized in more detail, including their chemical properties, roles they play in living cells, sources of contamination, biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, and stress symptoms. The following subchapters contain the description of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and ROS-detoxifying enzymes, their properties, cellular localization, and the occurrence in algae belonging to different clades, as well as the summary of the results of the experiments concerning antioxidant response in heavy metal-treated eukaryotic algae. Other mechanisms providing tolerance to metal ions are briefly outlined at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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13
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Li Y, Huang F, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Bai A, Yu Z, Xiao D, Zhang C, Liu T, Hou X, Li Y. BcGR1.1, a Cytoplasmic Localized Glutathione Reductase, Enhanced Tolerance to Copper Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:389. [PMID: 35204271 PMCID: PMC8869148 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is a mineral element, which is necessary for the normal growth and development of plants, but high levels of copper will seriously damage plants. Studies have shown that AtGR1 improves the tolerance of Arabidopsis to aluminum and cadmium stress. However, the role of GR in the copper stress response of plants is still unclear. Here, we identified four genes (named BcGR1.1, BcGR1.2, BcGR2.1 and BcGR2.2, respectively) encoding glutathione reductase (GR) in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris (syn. Brassica rapa) ssp. chinensis), which could be divided into two types based on the subcellular localization. Among them, BcGR1.1, which belonged to the cytoplasmic localization type, was significantly upregulated under copper stress. Compared to WT (the wild type), Arabidopsis thaliana heterologously overexpressed BcGR1.1 had longer roots, higher fresh weight, higher GSH levels and GSH/GSSG (oxidized form of GSH) ratio, and accumulated more superoxide dismutase and peroxidase under copper stress. However, in the AsA-GSH cycle under copper stress, the contents of AsA and AsA/DHA were significantly downregulated, and the contents of DHA and T-AsA (total AsA) were upregulated, in the BcGR1.1-overexpressing Arabidopsis. Therefore, BcGR1.1 could improve the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the activity of GR, antioxidant enzymes and the utilization of AsA, and then enhance the copper stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (East China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P. R. China, Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Education of the P. R. China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.L.); (F.H.); (Y.T.); (Y.Z.); (A.B.); (Z.Y.); (D.X.); (C.Z.); (T.L.); (X.H.)
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14
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The mammalian-type thioredoxin reductase 1 confers a high-light tolerance to the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 596:97-103. [PMID: 35121375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can both act as a poison causing cell death and important signaling molecules among various organisms. Photosynthetic organisms inevitably produce ROS, making the appropriate elimination of ROS an essential strategy for survival. Interestingly, the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expresses a mammalian form of thioredoxin reductase, TR1, which functions as a ROS scavenger in animal cells. To investigate the properties of TR1 in C. reinhardtii, we generated TR1 knockout strains using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. We found a reduced tolerance to high-light and ROS stresses in the TR1 knockout strains compared to the parental strain. In addition, the regulation of phototactic orientation, known to be regulated by ROS, was affected in the knockout strains. These results suggest that TR1 contributes to a ROS-scavenging pathway in C. reinhardtii.
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15
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Zhang H, Zong R, He H, Huang T. Effects of hydrogen peroxide on Scenedesmus obliquus: Cell growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and intracellular protein fingerprinting. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132185. [PMID: 34500328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmental-friendly algicide and it is widely used to control algal blooms in aquatic ecosystems. However, the response of algal cell metabolic characteristics and intracellular protein profile under H2O2 stress is still not well understood. In the present study, the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus was exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (0, 2, 6, 8 and 10 mg L-1) to evaluate the changes in algal morphological, physiological, and proteomic features to H2O2 exposure. The results showed that 8 mg L-1 of H2O2 could effectively inhibit the cell growth and photosynthetic activity of S. obliquus including chlorophyll-a content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) observed in this study indicate that cells exposure to H2O2 caused oxidative stress. The metabolic activity of S. obliquus was significantly decreased by H2O2 treatment. In terms of proteomic analysis, 251 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were successfully identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant protein enrichment in the metabolic pathways, photosynthesis, ascorbic acid, and alginate metabolism and phenylpropane biosynthesis of S. obliquus. The analysis of protein-protein interaction system shows that the pathways of photosynthesis and metabolic pathways of S. obliquus were essential to resist oxidative stress. Taking together, these results shed new lights on exploring the cell physiological metabolism and intracellular protein mechanisms of H2O2 inhibition on algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Huiyan He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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16
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Wang X, Wang WX. Intracellular Biotransformation of Cu(II)/Cu(I) Explained High Cu Toxicity to Phytoplankton Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14772-14781. [PMID: 34647741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of Cu is related to its redox species, but the differential toxicity of Cu(II) and Cu(I) remains unknown. In the present study, we developed a novel protocol to simultaneously detect the biologically produced extracellular Cu(I) and internalized Cu(II) in a freshwater phytoplankton Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The intracellular Cu(I) was further imaged using a fluorometric probe. Combining these pieces of evidence, we demonstrated that Cu(I) dominated the Cu toxicity in algal cells under Fe-deficient conditions. Our results showed that the labile Cu(I) content increased significantly in the low Fe quota cells. Intracellular biotransformation from Cu(II) to Cu(I) rather than the direct uptake of Cu(I) was responsible for the high Cu toxicity. The abnormal biotransformation from Cu(II) to Cu(I) under Fe deficiency was not resulted from the increase of overall Cu bioaccumulation but was likely due to the change of Cu(II) metabolism. High contents of Cu(II) were accumulated in the normal cells and the low Zn quota cells upon Cu exposure but did not induce cell death, further suggesting that Cu(I) dominated the Cu toxicity to the algae. This is the first study to simultaneously consider the effect of Cu(I) and Cu(II) during Cu exposure in phytoplankton. The results uncovered the underlying mechanisms of high Cu toxicity under Fe deficiency and highlighted the critical role of modulation of Cu metabolism in phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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17
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The Papain-like Cysteine Protease HpXBCP3 from Haematococcus pluvialis Involved in the Regulation of Growth, Salt Stress Tolerance and Chlorophyll Synthesis in Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111539. [PMID: 34768970 PMCID: PMC8583958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs), the most important group of cysteine proteases, have been reported to participate in the regulation of growth, senescence, and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of PLCPs and their roles in stress response in microalgae was rarely reported. The responses to different abiotic stresses in Haematococcus pluvialis were often observed, including growth regulation and astaxanthin accumulation. In this study, the cDNA of HpXBCP3 containing 1515 bp open reading frame (ORF) was firstly cloned from H. pluvialis by RT-PCR. The analysis of protein domains and molecular evolution showed that HpXBCP3 was closely related to AtXBCP3 from Arabidopsis. The expression pattern analysis revealed that it significantly responds to NaCl stress in H. pluvialis. Subsequently, transformants expressing HpXBCP3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were obtained and subjected to transcriptomic analysis. Results showed that HpXBCP3 might affect the cell cycle regulation and DNA replication in transgenic Chlamydomonas, resulting in abnormal growth of transformants. Moreover, the expression of HpXBCP3 might increase the sensitivity to NaCl stress by regulating ubiquitin and the expression of WD40 proteins in microalgae. Furthermore, the expression of HpXBCP3 might improve chlorophyll content by up-regulating the expression of NADH-dependent glutamate synthases in C. reinhardtii. This study indicated for the first time that HpXBCP3 was involved in the regulation of cell growth, salt stress response, and chlorophyll synthesis in microalgae. Results in this study might enrich the understanding of PLCPs in microalgae and provide a novel perspective for studying the mechanism of environmental stress responses in H. pluvialis.
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Wakao S, Niyogi KK. Chlamydomonas as a model for reactive oxygen species signaling and thiol redox regulation in the green lineage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:687-698. [PMID: 35237823 PMCID: PMC8491031 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One-sentence summary: Advances in proteomic and transcriptomic studies have made Chlamydomonas a powerful research model in redox and reactive oxygen species regulation with unique and overlapping mechanisms with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Wakao
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Author for communication: Senior author
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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19
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Kuo EY, Lee TM. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Against Nitric Oxide Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690763. [PMID: 34421944 PMCID: PMC8374494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The acclimation mechanism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to nitric oxide (NO) was studied by exposure to S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), a NO donor. Treatment with 0.1 or 0.3 mM SNAP transiently inhibited photosynthesis within 1 h, followed by a recovery, while 1.0 mM SNAP treatment caused irreversible photosynthesis inhibition and mortality. The SNAP effects are avoided in the presence of the NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO). RNA-seq, qPCR, and biochemical analyses were conducted to decode the metabolic shifts under NO stress by exposure to 0.3 mM SNAP in the presence or absence of 0.4 mM cPTIO. These findings revealed that the acclimation to NO stress comprises a temporally orchestrated implementation of metabolic processes: (1). modulation of NADPH oxidase (respiratory burst oxidase-like 2, RBOL2) and ROS signaling pathways for downstream mechanism regulation, (2). trigger of NO scavenging elements to reduce NO level; (3). prevention of photo-oxidative risk through photosynthesis inhibition and antioxidant defense system induction; (4). acclimation to nitrogen and sulfur shortage; (5). attenuation of transcriptional and translational activity together with degradation of damaged proteins through protein trafficking machinery (ubiquitin, SNARE, and autophagy) and molecular chaperone system for dynamic regulation of protein homeostasis. In addition, the expression of the gene encoding NADPH oxidase, RBOL2, showed a transient increase while that of RBOL1 was slightly decreased after NO challenge. It reflects that NADPH oxidase, a regulator in ROS-mediated signaling pathway, may be involved in the responses of Chlamydomonas to NO stress. In conclusion, our findings provide insight into the molecular events underlying acclimation mechanisms in Chlamydomonas to NO stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva YuHua Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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20
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Sharma M, Singh DN, Budhraja R, Sood U, Rawat CD, Adrian L, Richnow HH, Singh Y, Negi RK, Lal R. Comparative proteomics unravelled the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers specific responses in an archetypical HCH degrading bacterium Sphingobium indicum B90A. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41380-41395. [PMID: 33783707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that poses threat to different life forms. Sphingobium indicum B90A that belong to sphingomonad is well-known for its ability to degrade HCH isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-), but effects of HCH isomers and adaptive mechanisms of strain B90A under HCH load remain obscure. To investigate the responses of strain B90A to HCH isomers, we followed the proteomics approach as this technique is considered as the powerful tool to study the microbial response to environmental stress. Strain B90A culture was exposed to α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH (5 mgL-1) and control (without HCH) taken for comparison and changes in whole cell proteome were analyzed. In β- and δ-HCH-treated cultures growth decreased significantly when compared to control, α-, and γ-HCH-treated cultures. HCH residue analysis corroborated previous observations depicting the complete depletion of α- and γ-HCH, while only 66% β-HCH and 34% δ-HCH were depleted from culture broth. Comparative proteome analyses showed that β- and δ-HCH induced utmost systemic changes in strain B90A proteome, wherein stress-alleviating proteins such as histidine kinases, molecular chaperons, DNA binding proteins, ABC transporters, TonB proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and transcriptional regulators were significantly affected. Besides study confirmed constitutive expression of linA, linB, and linC genes that are crucial for the initiation of HCH isomers degradation, while increased abundance of LinM and LinN in presence of β- and δ-HCH suggested the important role of ABC transporter in depletion of these isomers. These results will help to understand the HCH-induced damages and adaptive strategies of strain B90A under HCH load which remained unravelled to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | | | - Rohit Budhraja
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Lorenz Adrian
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India.
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Tamaki S, Mochida K, Suzuki K. Diverse Biosynthetic Pathways and Protective Functions against Environmental Stress of Antioxidants in Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1250. [PMID: 34205386 PMCID: PMC8234872 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae have been classified into several biological divisions and have evolutionarily acquired diverse morphologies, metabolisms, and life cycles. They are naturally exposed to environmental stresses that cause oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species accumulation. To cope with environmental stresses, microalgae contain various antioxidants, including carotenoids, ascorbate (AsA), and glutathione (GSH). Carotenoids are hydrophobic pigments required for light harvesting, photoprotection, and phototaxis. AsA constitutes the AsA-GSH cycle together with GSH and is responsible for photooxidative stress defense. GSH contributes not only to ROS scavenging, but also to heavy metal detoxification and thiol-based redox regulation. The evolutionary diversity of microalgae influences the composition and biosynthetic pathways of these antioxidants. For example, α-carotene and its derivatives are specific to Chlorophyta, whereas diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin are found in Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta, and Dinophyta. It has been suggested that AsA is biosynthesized via the plant pathway in Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta and via the Euglena pathway in Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta, and Haptophyta. The GSH biosynthetic pathway is conserved in all biological kingdoms; however, Euglenophyta are able to synthesize an additional thiol antioxidant, trypanothione, using GSH as the substrate. In the present study, we reviewed and discussed the diversity of microalgal antioxidants, including recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
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Xie Y, Chen L, Sun T, Zhang W. Deciphering and engineering high-light tolerant cyanobacteria for efficient photosynthetic cell factories. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang L, Chen L, Lu F, Liu Z, Lan S, Han G. Differentially expressed genes related to oxidoreductase activity and glutathione metabolism underlying the adaptation of Phragmites australis from the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta, China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10024. [PMID: 33072439 PMCID: PMC7537617 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The common reed (Phragmites australis) is a dominant species in the coastal wetlands of the Chinese Yellow River Delta, where it tolerates a wide range of salinity. Recent environmental changes have led to the increase of soil salinity in this region, which has degraded much of the local vegetation. Clones of common reeds from the tidal marsh may have adapted to local high salinity habitat through selection on genes and metabolic pathways conferring salt tolerance. This study aims to reveal molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in the tidal reed by comparing them to the salt-sensitive freshwater reed under salt stress. We employed comparative transcriptomics to reveal the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these two types of common reeds under different salinity conditions. The results showed that only three co-expressed genes were up-regulated and one co-expressed gene was down-regulated between the two reed types. On the other hand, 1,371 DEGs were exclusively up-regulated and 285 DEGs were exclusively down-regulated in the tidal reed compared to the control, while 115 DEGs were exclusively up-regulated and 118 DEGs were exclusively down-regulated in the freshwater reed compared to the control. From the pattern of enrichment of transcripts involved in salinity response, the tidal reed was more active and efficient in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the freshwater reed, with the tidal reed showing significantly higher gene expression in oxidoreductase activity. Furthermore, when the reeds were exposed to salt stress, transcripts encoding glutathione metabolism were up-regulated in the tidal reed but not in the freshwater reed. DEGs related to encoding glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and L-ascorbate peroxidase (LAP) were revealed as especially highly differentially regulated and therefore represented candidate genes that could be cloned into plants to improve salt tolerance. Overall, more genes were up-regulated in the tidal reed than in the freshwater reed from the Yellow River Delta when under salt stress. The tidal reed efficiently resisted salt stress by up-regulating genes encoding for oxidoreductase activity and glutathione metabolism. We suggest that this type of common reed could be extremely useful in the ecological restoration of degraded, high salinity coastal wetlands in priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, China.,College of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Administration Committee of Shandong Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying, China
| | - Ziting Liu
- College of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Siqun Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, China.,School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, China
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Kuo EY, Cai MS, Lee TM. Ascorbate peroxidase 4 plays a role in the tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to photo-oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13287. [PMID: 32764698 PMCID: PMC7414030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) activity and transcript levels of CrAPX1, CrAPX2, and CrAPX4 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii increased under 1,400 μE·m−2·s−1 condition (HL). CrAPX4 expression was the most significant. So, CrAPX4 was downregulated using amiRNA technology to examine the role of APX for HL acclimation. The CrAPX4 knockdown amiRNA lines showed low APX activity and CrAPX4 transcript level without a change in CrAPX1 and CrAPX2 transcript levels, and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and transcript levels. Upon exposure to HL, CrAPX4 knockdown amiRNA lines appeared a modification in the expression of genes encoding the enzymes in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, including an increase in transcript level of CrVTC2, a key enzyme for ascorbate (AsA) biosynthesis but a decrease in MDAR and DHAR transcription and activity after 1 h, followed by increases in reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation after 6 h and exhibited cell death after 9 h. Besides, AsA content and AsA/DHA (dehydroascorbate) ratio decreased in CrAPX4 knockdown amiRNA lines after prolonged HL treatment. Thus, CrAPX4 induction together with its association with the modulation of MDAR and DHAR expression for AsA regeneration is critical for Chlamydomonas to cope with photo-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva YuHua Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Siou Cai
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan. .,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
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Li N, Tong M, Glibert PM. Effect of allelochemicals on photosynthetic and antioxidant defense system of Ulva prolifera. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 224:105513. [PMID: 32504860 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ulva prolifera is a macroalgae that forms massive blooms, negatively impacting natural communities, aquaculture operations and recreation. The effects of the natural products, eugenol, β-myrcene, citral and nonanoic acid on the growth rate, antioxidative defense system and photosynthesis of Ulva prolifera were investigated as a possible control strategy for this harmful taxon. Negative effects on growth were observed with all four chemicals, due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to the thalli. However, the response of U. prolifera under the four chemicals stress was different at the cellular level. β-myrcene, the most effective compound in terms of growth inhibition, induced oxidative stress as shown by the damage of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the downregulation of the glutathione-ascorbate (GSH-ASA) cycle which inhibited the antioxidative system. This chemical also inhibited photosynthesis and photoprotection mechanisms in U. prolifera, resulting in growth limitation. In contrast, U. prolifera was less affected by the second tested chemical, eugenol, and showed no significant change on photosynthetic efficiency in the presence of the chemical. The inhibition effects of the third and fourth tested chemicals, nonanoic acid and citralon, on growth and on the antioxidant defense system in U. prolifera were inferior. These results provide a potential avenue for controlling green tides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naicheng Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environment Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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Desiderio A, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Massa S, Pimpinella M, De Coste V, Pioli C, Nardi L, Benvenuto E, Villani ME. Effects of Simulated Space Radiations on the Tomato Root Proteome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1334. [PMID: 31708949 PMCID: PMC6821793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant cultivation on spacecraft or planetary outposts is a promising and actual perspective both for food and bioactive molecules production. To this aim, plant response to ionizing radiations, as an important component of space radiation, must be assessed through on-ground experiments due to the potentially fatal effects on living systems. Hereby, we investigated the effects of X-rays and γ-rays exposure on tomato "hairy root" cultures (HRCs), which represent a solid platform for the production of pharmaceutically relevant molecules, including metabolites and recombinant proteins. In a space application perspective, we used an HRC system previously fortified through the accumulation of anthocyanins, which are known for their anti-oxidant properties. Roots were independently exposed to different photon radiations, namely X-rays (250 kV) and γ-rays (Co60, 1.25 MeV), both at the absorbed dose levels of 0.5, 5, and 10 Gy. Molecular changes induced in the proteome of HRCs were investigated by a comparative approach based on two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) technology, which allowed to highlight dynamic processes activated by these environmental stresses. Results revealed a comparable response to both photon treatments. In particular, the presence of differentially represented proteins were observed only when roots were exposed to 5 or 10 Gy of X-rays or γ-rays, while no variations were appreciated at 0.5 Gy of both radiations, when compared with unexposed control. Differentially represented proteins were identified by mass spectrometry procedures and their functional interactions were analyzed, revealing variations in the activation of stress response integrated mechanisms as well as in carbon/energy and protein metabolism. Specific results from above-mentioned procedures were validated by immunoblotting. Finally, a morphometric analysis verified the absence of significant alterations in the development of HRCs, allowing to ascribe the observed variations of protein expression to processes of acclimation to ionizing radiations. Overall results contribute to a meaningful risk evaluation for biological systems exposed to extra-terrestrial environments, in the perspective of manned interplanetary missions planned for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiola Desiderio
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Massa
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pimpinella
- National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, ENEA-INMRI, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Coste
- National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, ENEA-INMRI, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Nardi
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Villani
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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Iswarya A, Anjugam M, Shanthini S, Vaseeharan B. Protective activity of beta-1, 3-glucan binding protein against AAPH induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:890-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Guzzetti E, Salabery E, Ferriol P, Díaz JA, Tejada S, Faggio C, Sureda A. Oxidative stress induction by the invasive sponge Paraleucilla magna growing on Peyssonnelia squamaria algae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 150:104763. [PMID: 31349161 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of invasive species can lead to significant adverse effects on the colonized areas. The aim of the present research was to determine if the invasive behavior of Paraleucilla magna could induce the activation of the antioxidant defences in the native red algae, Peyssonnelia squamaria. Individuals of isolated P. squamaria and individuals epiphytized by P. magna, both growing on rocky bottoms, were collected. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase - and the levels of the malondialdehyde were significantly higher in the algae of the epiphytic group compared to the control group, while the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase did not show significant differences. The levels of reduced glutathione and total polyphenols were higher in the algae affected by the sponge. In conclusion, the arrival of the species P. magna induces an adaptative antioxidant response in P. squamaria determined by the use of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Guzzetti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, E-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Eduardo Salabery
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pere Ferriol
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Julio A Díaz
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group, Biology Department, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centre Oceanogràfic de Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, E-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Kammerscheit X, Chauvat F, Cassier-Chauvat C. First in vivo Evidence That Glutathione-S-Transferase Operates in Photo-Oxidative Stress in Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1899. [PMID: 31456794 PMCID: PMC6700277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes, such as glutathione transferases (GSTs), are thought to have been developed by cyanobacteria to cope with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that they massively produced by their active photosynthesis, there had been no in vivo analysis of the role of GSTs in cyanobacteria so far. Consequently, we have analyzed two of the six GSTs of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803, namely Sll1545 (to extend its in vitro study) and Slr0236 (because it is the best homolog to Sll1545). We report that Sll1545 is essential to cell growth in standard photo-autotrophic conditions, whereas Slr0236 is dispensable. Furthermore, both Sll1545 and Slr0236 operate in the protection against stresses triggered by high light, H2O2, menadione and methylene blue. The absence of Slr0236 and the depletion of Sll1545 decrease the tolerance to methylene blue in a cumulative way. Similarly, the combined absence of Slr0236 and depletion of Sll1545 decrease the resistance to high light. Attesting their sensitivity to high-light or methylene blue, these Δslr0236-sll1545 cells transiently accumulate ROS, and then reduced and oxidized glutathione in that order. In contrast, the absence of Slr0236 and the depletion of Sll1545 increase the tolerance to menadione in a cumulative way. This increased menadione resistance is due, at least in part, to the higher level of catalase and/or peroxidase activity of these mutants. Similarly, the increased H2O2 resistance of the Δslr0236-sll1545 cells is due, at least in part, to its higher level of peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Kammerscheit
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Franck Chauvat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Corinne Cassier-Chauvat
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Boro P, Sultana A, Mandal K, Chattopadhyay S. Transcriptomic changes under stress conditions with special reference to glutathione contents. THE NUCLEUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-018-0256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Prajapati R, Yadav S, Atri N. Nickel and arsenite-induced differential oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in two Anabaena species. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:1061-1070. [PMID: 30207396 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, release of chemical pollutants has increased due to anthropogenic activities. Heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria constitute dominant paddy microflora and are excellent biofertilizers augmenting rice productivity. Cyanobacteria are frequently exposed to toxic metals, nickel and arsenic are one of the major toxicants present. We exposed two species of diazotrophic cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Anabaena doliolum, to sub-lethal concentrations (15.0 and 9.0 μM) of Ni2+ and (17.0 and 11 mM) of arsenite (AsIII) and analyzed at different days of treatments (0, 1, 7, and 15 days) for oxidative damage and antioxidative biomarkers. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced (1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in MDA content), indicating damaging effects of Ni2+ and As(III) on membrane. Although Ni2+ and As(III), both induced oxidative stress in both species, Anabaena PCC 7120 experienced less stress than A. doliolum. This could be explained by a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) in Anabaena PCC 7120 (4.6-, 2.0- and 1.4-fold [Ni2+ ] 3.2-, 2.5-, and 2.08-fold [As]) compared to A. doliolum (4.2-, 2.5-, and 1.3-fold [Ni2+ ] and 3.2-, 3.33-, and 1.8-fold [As]). Moreover, superoxide dismutase registered less inhibition in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (1.5 and 1.8) compared to A. doliolum (1.8 and 2.3) under Ni2+ and As(III) stress. In addition to, IBR revealed that As(III) imposes severe impact on both strain, however, A. doliolum suffers most. Therefore, the study demonstrates interspecies variation in survival strategy of two Anabaena species and difference in potential of two different toxicants to produce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivam Yadav
- Molecular Biology Section, Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Neelam Atri
- MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Roach T, Stöggl W, Baur T, Kranner I. Distress and eustress of reactive electrophiles and relevance to light stress acclimation via stimulation of thiol/disulphide-based redox defences. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:65-73. [PMID: 29563047 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms suffering from light stress have to cope with an increased formation of reactive short-chain aldehydes. Singlet oxygen generated from highly-charged reaction centres can peroxidise the poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich thylakoid membranes they are embedded in. Lipid peroxides decay to release α,β-unsaturated aldehydes that are reactive electrophile species (RES). Acrolein is one of the most abundant and reactive RES produced in chloroplasts. Here, in the model chlorophyte alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a clear concentration-dependent "distress" induced by acrolein intoxication was observed in conjunction with depletion of the glutathione pool. The glutathione redox state (EGSSG/2GSH) strongly correlated (R2 = 0.95) with decreasing Fv/Fm values of chlorophyll fluorescence. However, treatment of C. reinhardtii with sub-toxic acrolein concentrations increased glutathione concentrations and raised the protein levels of a glutathione-S-transferase (GSTS1), mimicking the response to excess light, indicating that at lower concentrations, acrolein may contribute to high light acclimation, which could be interpreted as "eustress". Furthermore, similar patterns of chloroplastic protein carbonylation occurred under light stress and in response to exogenous acrolein. Priming cells by low doses of acrolein increased the alga's resistance to singlet oxygen. A RNA seq. analysis showed a large overlap in gene regulation under singlet oxygen and acrolein stresses. Particularly enriched were transcripts of enzymes involved in thiol/disulphide exchanges. Some of the genes are regulated by the SOR1 transcription factor, but acrolein treatment still induced an increase in glutathione contents and enhanced singlet oxygen tolerance of the sor1 mutant. The results support a role for RES in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling during high light acclimation, with involvement of SOR1 and other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Baur
- Department of Botany and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Centre of Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Nauman M, Kale RK, Singh RP. Polyphenols of Salix aegyptiaca modulate the activities of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes, and level of lipid peroxidation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 29514630 PMCID: PMC5842599 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Salix aegyptiaca is known for its medicinal properties mainly due to the presence of salicylate compounds. However, it also contains other beneficial phytochemicals such as gallic acid, quercetin, rutin and vanillin. The aim of the study was to examine the redox potential, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of these phytochemicals along with acetylsalicylic acid. Methods The redox potential and antioxidant activity of gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, vanillin and acetylsalicylic acid were determined by oxidation-reduction potential electrode method and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. In ex vivo studies, antioxidant activity of these phytochemicals was determined by lipid peroxidation and carbonyl content assay in the liver of mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by protein denaturation method. Six-week old C57BL/6 mice treated with gallic acid (100 mg/kg body weight) and acetylsalicylic acid (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight) to investigate their in vivo modulatory effects on the specific activities of drug metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and level of lipid peroxidation in liver. Results The order of ability to donate electron and antioxidant activity was found to be: gallic acid > quercetin > rutin > vanillin > acetylsalicylic acid. In ex vivo studies, the similar pattern and magnitude of inhibitory effects of these phytochemicals against peroxidative damage in microsomes and protein carbonyl in cytosolic fraction were observed. In in vivo studies, gallic acid and acetylsalicylic acid alone or in combination, enhanced the specific activities of drug metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes as well as antioxidant enzymes and also inhibited lipid peroxidation in liver. Conclusions These findings show a close link between the electron donation and antioxidation potential of these phytochemicals, and in turn their biological activity. Gallic acid, quercetin, rutin and vanillin were found to be better electron donors and antioxidants and therefore, might be mainly responsible for the antioxidant properties of S. aegyptiaca, while acetylsalicylic acid provided its maximum anti-inflammatory activity.
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