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Park SH, Choi AR, Kim TH, Lee BR. Zeolite application mitigates NH 3 and N 2O emissions from pig slurry-applied field and improves nitrogen use efficiency in Italian ryegrass-maize crop rotation system for forage production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120775. [PMID: 38569263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the efficiency of zeolite in mitigating the nitrogen (N) losses through ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from pig slurry (PS) applied to Italian ryegrass (IRG)-maize fields under a crop rotation system and the consequent effect on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for forage production. PS was applied at rates of 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 for the IRG and maize growing seasons, respectively, with or without zeolite. Soil mineral N content and NH3 and N2O emissions were measured periodically throughout the year-round cultivation of IRG and maize. Forage yield and nutritional composition were also analyzed at the harvest time of each crop. The PS with/without zeolite application effects were interpreted by comparison with those obtained for the negative control (no-N fertilization). Soil ammonium (NH4+) content in the PS-applied plots sharply increased within the first week, then progressively decreased in both the IRG and maize growing seasons. Soil NH4+ contents in the zeolite-amended plots were higher compared to the treatment without zeolite except for the first 1 or 2 weeks after PS application when soil nitrate (NO3-) contents significantly decreased. The increase in soil NH4+ content as affected by zeolite application was more distinct in the maize growing season than in the IRG growing season. NH3 emission was predominant at the early 2 weeks after PS application. Zeolite application reduced the cumulative emission of NH3 from PS by 16.7% and 24.4% and that of N2O by 15.6% and 31.5% in the IRG growing and maize growing seasons, respectively. NUE for dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) production significantly improved in annual yield basis of the IRG-maize cropping. Zeolite application in PS-applied field may represent effective management in mitigating N losses through odorous NH3 and greenhouse gas (N2O) emissions, thereby improving NUE forage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Institute of Environmentally-friendly Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Bianconi ME, Contin DR, Lemos MTO, Costa JVCP, Oliveira KS, Riul BN, Bonifácio-Anacleto F, Viciedo DO, Approbato AU, Alzate-Marin AL, Prado RDM, Costa KADP, Martinez CA. Balancing trade-offs: Enhanced carbon assimilation and productivity with reduced nutritional value in a well-watered C 4 pasture under a warmer CO 2-enriched atmosphere. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108408. [PMID: 38367386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric CO2 and temperature are pivotal components of ecosystem productivity, carbon balance, and food security. In this study, we investigated the impacts of a warmer climate (+2 °C above ambient temperature) and an atmosphere enriched with CO2 (600 ppm) on gas exchange, antioxidant enzymatic system, growth, nutritive value, and digestibility of a well-watered, managed pasture of Megathyrsus maximus, a tropical C4 forage grass, under field conditions. Elevated [CO2] (eC) improved photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance, resulting in increased water use efficiency and plant C content. Under eC, stem biomass production increased without a corresponding increase in leaf biomass, leading to a smaller leaf/stem ratio. Additionally, eC had negative impacts on forage nutritive value and digestibility. Elevated temperature (eT) increased photosynthetic gains, as well as stem and leaf biomass production. However, it reduced P and K concentration, forage nutritive value, and digestibility. Under the combined conditions of eC and eT (eCeT), eT completely offset the effects of eC on the leaf/stem ratio. However, eT intensified the effects of eC on photosynthesis, leaf C concentration, biomass accumulation, and nutritive value. This resulted in a forage with 12% more acid detergent fiber content and 28% more lignin. Additionally, there was a decrease of 19% in crude protein leading to a 15% decrease in forage digestibility. These changes could potentially affect animal feeding efficiency and feedback climate change, as ruminants may experience an amplification in methane emissions. Our results highlight the critical significance of conducting multifactorial field studies when evaluating plant responses to climate change variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Enrique Bianconi
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Oliverio Lemos
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kamilla Silva Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Road Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane No number, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Neroni Riul
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bonifácio-Anacleto
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Institute of Agrifood, Animals and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Andressa Uehara Approbato
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lilia Alzate-Marin
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Agricultural Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Access Road Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane No number, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Lv G, Jin J, He M, Wang C. Soil Moisture Content Dominates the Photosynthesis of C 3 and C 4 Plants in a Desert Steppe after Long-Term Warming and Increasing Precipitation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2903. [PMID: 37631115 PMCID: PMC10459209 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant photosynthesis has a non-negligible influence on forage quality and ecosystem carbon sequestration. However, the influence of long-term warming, increasing precipitation, and their interactions on the photosynthesis of dominant species in desert steppe remains unclear, and the main factors regulating plant photosynthesis in desert steppes have remained unrevealed. Therefore, we measured the photosynthetic parameters and specific leaf area of the dominant species and calculated the water and nitrogen content of leaves and soil in a desert steppe after long-term warming and increasing precipitation (air temperature, W0, air temperature increases of 2 °C and 4 °C, W1 and W2; natural precipitation, P0, natural precipitation increases of 25% and 50%, P1 and P2). Results showed that warming and increasing precipitation significantly enhanced photosynthesis in C3 and C4 species (p < 0.05). Compared to W0P0, the net photosynthetic rate of C3 and C4 species in W2P2 increased by 159.46% and 178.88%, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content significantly explained the photosynthesis of C3 and C4 plants (the degree of explanation was 48% and 67.7%), followed by soil-available nitrogen content (the degree of explanation was 19.6% and 5.3%). Therefore, our study found that climate change enhanced photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plants, and soil water content plays a critical role in regulating photosynthesis in desert steppes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Jing Jin
- Mengcao Ecological Environment (Group) Co., Ltd., Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010000, China;
| | - Mengting He
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Chengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of the Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.L.); (M.H.)
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Arshad K, Aqeel M, Noman A, Nazir A, Mahmood A, Rizvi ZF, Sarfraz W, Hyder S, Zaka S, Khalid N. Ecological health risk assessment of microplastics and heavy metals in sediments, water, hydrophytes (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, and Ipomoea carnea), and fish (Labeo rohita) in Marala wetlands in Sialkot, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41272-41285. [PMID: 36630039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For the ecological risk assessment of heavy metals and microplastics in Marala wetlands in Sialkot, Pakistan, samples of sediments, water, aquatic plants (Alternanthera philoxeroides, Typha latifolia, and Ipomoea carnea), and fish (Labeo rohita) were studied from five different locations. Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were above permissible limits devised by WHO in sediments and water at most of sites. High concentrations of Cd were recorded in water samples compared to sediments with maximum values recorded at Site-2 (52.08 ± 9.55 mg kg-1) and Site-5 (62.29 ± 10.12 mg kg-1). The maximum concentrations of Cr (7.23 ± 0.40 mg kg-1) and Pb (22.87 ± 0.83 mg kg-1) were found at Site-4 in water samples. The maximum abundance of microplastics (3047 pieces kg-1 of sediments) was at Site-1 with filaments in the highest proportion among the other types. Zn, Ni, and Cu remained generally low in concentrations in both sediments and waters. Plants showed accumulation of heavy metals, notably the amount of Cd (33.36 ± 0.26 mgkg-1) and Ni (163.3 ± 1.30 mgkg-1) absorbed by T. latifolia and A. philoxeroides, respectively were high. Also, photosynthetic pigments in plants seemed to be affected. However, estimated daily intake (EDI) and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) calculations for the human population consuming fish from this wetland remained below the FAO/WHO limits. PCA analysis revealed the anthropogenic origin of metals that might be causing adverse effects on the biota which depend on this wetland for their food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Arshad
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atia Nazir
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Sarfraz
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Zaka
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.
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Approbato AU, Contin DR, Dias de Oliveira EA, Habermann E, Cela J, Pintó-Marijuan M, Munné-Bosch S, Martinez CA. Adjustments in photosynthetic pigments, PS II photochemistry and photoprotection in a tropical C4 forage plant exposed to warming and elevated [CO 2]. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:345-360. [PMID: 36463636 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change will impact crops and grasslands, affecting growth and yield. However, is not clear how the combination of warming and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) will affect the photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and the photosynthetic tissue photoinhibition and photoprotection on tropical forages. Here, we evaluated the effects of elevated [CO2] (∼600 μmol mol-1) and warming (+2 °C increase temperature) on the photochemistry of photosystem II and the photoprotection strategies of a tropical C4 forage Panicum maximum Jacq. grown in a Trop-T-FACE facility under well-watered conditions without nutrient limitation. Analysis of the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), the effective PSII quantum yield Y(II), the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation Y(NPQ), the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation Y(NO), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in leaves revealed that the photosynthetic apparatus of plants did not suffer photoinhibitory damage, and plants did not increase lipid peroxidation in response to warming and [CO2] enrichment. Plants under warming treatment showed a 12% higher chlorophyll contents and a 58% decrease in α-tocopherol contents. In contrast, carotenoid composition (zeaxanthin and β-carotene) and ascorbate levels were not altered by elevated [CO2] and warming. The elevated temperature increased both net photosynthesis rate and aboveground biomass but elevated [CO2] increased only net photosynthesis. Adjustments in chlorophyll, de-epoxidation state of the xanthophylls cycle, and tocopherol contents suggest leaves of P. maximum can acclimate to 2 °C warmer temperature and elevated [CO2] when plants are grown with enough water and nutrients during tropical autumn-winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Uehara Approbato
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jana Cela
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pintó-Marijuan
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Contin DR, Costa JVCP, Costa KADP, Martinez CA. Warming offsets the benefits of elevated CO 2 in water relations while amplifies elevated CO 2-induced reduction in forage nutritional value in the C 4 grass Megathyrsus maximus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033953. [PMID: 36544868 PMCID: PMC9760913 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical grasslands are very important to global carbon and water cycles. C4 plants have increased heat tolerance and a CO2 concentrating mechanism that often reduces responses to elevated concentrations of CO2 ([CO2]). Despite the importance of tropical grasslands, there is a scarcity of studies that elucidate how managed tropical grasslands will be affected by elevated [CO2] and warming. In our study, we used a combination of a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) and a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) systems to increase canopy temperature and [CO2] under field conditions, respectively. We warmed a field-grown pasture dominated by the C4 tropical forage grass Megathyrsus maximus by 2°C above ambient under two levels of [CO2] (ambient (aC) and elevated (eC - 600 ppm) to investigate how these two factors isolated or combined regulate water relations through stomatal regulation, and how this combination affects PSII functioning, biochemistry, forage nutritive value, and digestibility. We demonstrated that the effects of warming negated the effects of eC in plant transpiration, water potential, proline content, and soil moisture conservation, resulting in warming canceling the eCO2-induced improvement in these parameters. Furthermore, there were additive effects between eC and warming for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and aboveground nutritive value. Warming sharply intensified the eCO2-induced decrease in crude protein content and increases in forage fibrous fraction and lignin, resulting in a smaller forage digestibility under a warmer CO2-enriched atmosphere. Our results highlight the importance of multifactorial studies when investigating global change impacts on managed ecosystems and the potential consequences for the global carbon cycle like amplification in methane emissions by ruminants and feeding a positive climate feedback system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Augusto Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCFRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science and Literature (FFCLRP), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Brychkova G, Kekae K, McKeown PC, Hanson J, Jones CS, Thornton P, Spillane C. Climate change and land-use change impacts on future availability of forage grass species for Ethiopian dairy systems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20512. [PMID: 36443389 PMCID: PMC9705545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forage grasses are central feed resources for livestock globally. In Ethiopian dairy systems, they serve as feed sources during both wet and dry seasons, yet escalating climate change could threaten forage supply. Here, we investigate projected climate change impacts on three forage grasses currently recommended for Ethiopian dairy systems. We determine areas of geographical suitability for each species using three climate projections generated by General Circulation Models (GCMs) and calculate their ability to meet predicted dry matter demand under four scenarios for livestock intensification and land availability. By 2050, Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is likely to be negatively affected by climate change in regions such as Tigray, while Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) and Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) may have improved suitability under future climates. Our findings suggest that feed demands could theoretically be met by production of these forage grasses under current and future climates. However, if land availability is reduced and herd composition shifts towards higher-productivity exotic breeds, forage resources will not meet cattle demand even with improved agronomic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Brychkova
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4 Ireland
| | - Kelebogile Kekae
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4 Ireland
| | - Peter C. McKeown
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4 Ireland
| | - Jean Hanson
- grid.419369.00000 0000 9378 4481CGIAR Research Program On Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chris S. Jones
- grid.419369.00000 0000 9378 4481CGIAR Research Program On Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Philip Thornton
- grid.419369.00000 0000 9378 4481CGIAR Research Program On Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles Spillane
- Agriculture and Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 REW4 Ireland
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Wanjala G, Kusuma Astuti P, Bagi Z, Kichamu N, Strausz P, Kusza S. A review on the potential effects of environmental and economic factors on sheep genetic diversity: Consequences of climate change. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 30:103505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Hidalgo-Galvez MD, Barkaoui K, Volaire F, Matías L, Cambrollé J, Fernández-Rebollo P, Carbonero MD, Pérez-Ramos IM. Can trees buffer the impact of climate change on pasture production and digestibility of Mediterranean dehesas? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155535. [PMID: 35489515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability and functioning of silvopastoral ecosystems are being threatened by the forecasted warmer and drier environments in the Mediterranean region. Scattered trees of these ecosystems could potentially mitigate the impact of climate change on herbaceous plant community but this issue has not yet tested experimentally. We carried out a field manipulative experiment of increased temperature (+2-3 °C) using Open Top Chambers and rainfall reduction (30%) through rain-exclusion shelters to evaluate how net primary productivity and digestibility respond to climate change over three consecutive years, and to test whether scattered trees could buffer the effects of higher aridity in Mediterranean dehesas. First, we observed that herbaceous communities located beneath tree canopy were less productive (351 g/m2) than in open grassland (493 g/m2) but had a higher digestibility (44% and 41%, respectively), likely promoted by tree shade and the higher soil fertility of this habitat. Second, both habitats responded similarly to climate change in terms of net primary productivity, with a 33% increase under warming and a 13% decrease under reduced rainfall. In contrast, biomass digestibility decreased under increased temperatures (-7.5%), since warming enhanced the fiber and lignin content and decreased the crude protein content of aerial biomass. This warming-induced effect on biomass digestibility only occurred in open grasslands, suggesting a buffering role of trees in mitigating the impact of climate change. Third, warming did not only affect these ecosystem processes in a direct way but also indirectly via changes in plant functional composition. Our findings suggest that climate change will alter both the quantity and quality of pasture production, with expected warmer conditions increasing net primary productivity but at the expense of reducing digestibility. This negative effect of warming on digestibility might be mitigated by scattered trees, highlighting the importance of implementing strategies and suitable management to control tree density in these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Hidalgo-Galvez
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), 10 Reina Mercedes Avenue, 41012 Seville, Spain; Integrated Biology Doctoral Program, University of Seville, 6 Reina Mercedes Avenue, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Karim Barkaoui
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, University of Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Florence Volaire
- Centre d'Écologie Fontionnelle et Évolutive de Montpellier (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Luis Matías
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 6 Reina Mercedes Avenue, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Jesús Cambrollé
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 6 Reina Mercedes Avenue, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Pilar Fernández-Rebollo
- Department of Forestry Engineering ETSIAM, School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering ETSIAM, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Carbonero
- Department of Agricultural Production, Institute of Agricultural and Fishing Research and Education (IFAPA), km. 15, El Viso Road, 14270 Hinojosa del Duque, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Manuel Pérez-Ramos
- Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), 10 Reina Mercedes Avenue, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Aridity and High Salinity, Rather Than Soil Nutrients, Regulate Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stoichiometry in Desert Plants from the Individual to the Community Level. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The stoichiometric characteristics of plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and their correlations with soil properties are regarded as key for exploring plant physiological and ecological processes and predicting ecosystem functions. However, quantitative studies on the relative contributions of water–salt gradients and nutrient gradients to plant stoichiometry are limited. In addition, previous studies have been conducted at the plant species and individual levels, meaning that how community-scale stoichiometry responds to soil properties is still unclear. Therefore, we selected typical sample strips from 13 sampling sites in arid regions to assess the leaf N and P levels of 23 species of desert plants and measure the corresponding soil water content, total salt content, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorus content. The aim was to elucidate the main soil properties that influence the stoichiometric characteristics of desert plants and compare the individual and community responses to those soil properties. Our results indicated that the growth of desert plants is mainly limited by nitrogen, with individual plant leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations ranging from 4.08 to 31.39 mg g−1 and 0.48 to 3.78 mg g−1, respectively. Community stoichiometry was significantly lower than that of individual plants. A significant correlation was observed between the mean N concentration, P concentration, and N:P ratio of plant leaves. At the individual plant scale, aridity significantly reduced leaf N and P concentrations, while high salt content significantly increased leaf N concentrations. At the community scale, aridity had no significant effects on leaf nitrogen or phosphorus stoichiometry, while high salinity significantly increased the leaf N:P ratio and there were no significant interactions between the aridity and salinity conditions. No significant effects of soil nutrient gradients were observed on plant N and P stoichiometric characteristics at the individual or community levels. These results suggest that individual desert plants have lower leaf N and P concentrations to adapt to extreme drought and only adapt to salt stress through higher leaf N concentrations. The N and P stoichiometric characteristics of desert plant communities are not sensitive to variations in aridity and salinity in this extreme habitat. The results of this study could enhance our perceptions of plant adaptation mechanisms to extreme habitats within terrestrial ecosystems.
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Habermann E, Contin DR, Afonso LF, Barosela JR, de Pinho Costa KA, Viciedo DO, Groppo M, Martinez CA. Future warming will change the chemical composition and leaf blade structure of tropical C 3 and C 4 forage species depending on soil moisture levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153342. [PMID: 35093366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and soil moisture strongly affect the nutritional value and digestibility of forage plants through changes in leaf chemical composition or the proportion of leaf blade tissues. In this study, we aimed to evaluate leaf blade anatomical modifications of two tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata (C3) and Megathyrsus maximus (C4) under warmed conditions (+2 °C) at well-watered and rainfed conditions and investigate the interactions between leaf anatomical alterations, leaf chemical composition, and leaf digestibility. Experiments were conducted under field conditions using a Temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system. We observed that plants under elevated temperature produced leaves with smaller stomata and thinner mesophyll tissue and reduced total leaf thickness, potentially impacting gas exchange. On the other hand, reduced soil moisture increased stomatal density and thickness of the adaxial epidermis. In both species, leaf fibrous fractions concentration increased under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, while crude protein concentration and digestibility decreased. However, leaf digestibility was associated with leaf chemical composition rather than the proportion of different leaf blade tissues. We concluded that although both species developed leaf anatomical modifications to acclimate under future warming conditions, leaf nutritional value and digestibility will be reduced, potentially impacting future livestock production and methane emissions by ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FCFRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Groppo
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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de Freitas EN, Salgado JCS, Alnoch RC, Contato AG, Habermann E, Michelin M, Martínez CA, Polizeli MDLTM. Challenges of Biomass Utilization for Bioenergy in a Climate Change Scenario. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1277. [PMID: 34943192 PMCID: PMC8698859 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The climate changes expected for the next decades will expose plants to increasing occurrences of combined abiotic stresses, including drought, higher temperatures, and elevated CO2 atmospheric concentrations. These abiotic stresses have significant consequences on photosynthesis and other plants' physiological processes and can lead to tolerance mechanisms that impact metabolism dynamics and limit plant productivity. Furthermore, due to the high carbohydrate content on the cell wall, plants represent a an essential source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels production. Thus, it is necessary to estimate their potential as feedstock for renewable energy production in future climate conditions since the synthesis of cell wall components seems to be affected by abiotic stresses. This review provides a brief overview of plant responses and the tolerance mechanisms applied in climate change scenarios that could impact its use as lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy purposes. Important steps of biofuel production, which might influence the effects of climate change, besides biomass pretreatments and enzymatic biochemical conversions, are also discussed. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the plant biological adaptations to combined abiotic stress and assist in the decision-making for selecting key agronomic crops that can be efficiently adapted to climate changes and applied in bioenergy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Neiverth de Freitas
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
| | - José Carlos Santos Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Alex Graça Contato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
| | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Michele Michelin
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Gualtar Campus, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Alberto Martínez
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (E.N.d.F.); (A.G.C.)
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.A.); (E.H.); (C.A.M.)
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Olivera-Viciedo D, de Mello Prado R, Martinez CA, Habermann E, de Cássia Piccolo M, Calero-Hurtado A, Barreto RF, Peña K. Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects? PLANTA 2021; 254:104. [PMID: 34686920 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought alone and drought plus warming will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions of Stylosanthes capitata, while warming will be advantageous only under well-watered condition for the next decades. Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies that investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2 °C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant organ. In general, we found that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration were greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2 °C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilier Olivera-Viciedo
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martinez
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Piccolo
- Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander Calero-Hurtado
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Kolima Peña
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Soils and Fertilizers Sector, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, S/N, Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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Souza RTDA, dos Santos MVF, da Cunha MV, Gonçalves GD, da Silva VJ, de Mello ACL, Muir JP, Ribeiro REP, Dubeux JCB. Dwarf and Tall Elephantgrass Genotypes under Irrigation as Forage Sources for Ruminants: Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082392. [PMID: 34438850 PMCID: PMC8388698 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclical droughts negatively impact agriculture, with deficits of water availability for the maintenance of crops destined for human food and animal production. Seasonality of forage quantity and quality is a critical obstacle to support domesticated herds over the year. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is a tropical forage widely used for feeding ruminants, mainly in the form of cut-and-carry, which has the potential to increase tropical pasture productivity, due to the large amount of roughage produced per unit of area. Research evaluated the response of tall and dwarf elephantgrass genotypes under irrigation considering its potential for complementing ruminant diets. This study showed that irrigation of elephantgrass, particularly during the dry season, may improve the regularity of forage production with good nutritive value. Abstract This two-year study evaluated the effect of Pennisetum purpureum genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions, during the dry and rainy seasons, on herbage, leaf, and stem dry matter (DM) accumulation rates, nutritive value, and carbohydrate and protein fractionation. Treatments were tall (Iri 381 and Elefante B) or dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37) genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Taiwan A-146 2.37 (146 kg DM ha per day) showed similar herbage accumulation rate (HAR) to tall genotypes during the rainy season (124 and 150 kg DM/ha per day, respectively). Dwarf genotypes showed differences in leaf accumulation rate (LAR) (66 and 49 kg DM/ha per day). Mott leaf had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (589 g/kg DM) than Taiwan A-146 2.37 (598 g/kg DM), and tall genotypes had generally greater NDF (668 g/kg DM) than the dwarf genotypes. Irrigation increased fiber deposition in the leaf. Stems of all genotypes had lower in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) (378 g/kg DM) under rainfed conditions in the rainy season. Leaf from irrigated plots had 23% more carbohydrate C fraction (160 g/kg CHO) than those from rainfed plots (122 g/kg CHO). Dwarf genotypes had generally greater nutritive value than tall genotypes. These genotypes show promise under irrigation to fill forage gaps during dry periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne Thalita de Almeida Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Márcio Vieira da Cunha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Geane Dias Gonçalves
- Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270, Brazil;
| | - Valdson José da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - James Pierre Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA;
| | - Robson Elpídio Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - José Carlos Batista Dubeux
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 71, Marianna, FL 32446-8091, USA;
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Carrizo IM, López Colomba E, Tommasino E, Carloni E, Bollati G, Grunberg K. Contrasting adaptive responses to cope with drought stress and recovery in Cenchrus ciliaris L. and their implications for tissue lignification. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:762-779. [PMID: 33179274 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cenchrus ciliaris L. is a widely used species for cattle feed in arid and semi-arid regions due to good forage value and known tolerance to drought conditions. Here, we provide insights to adaptive responses of two contrasting genotypes of C. ciliaris (drought-tolerant "RN51" and drought-sensitive "RN1") to face drought stress and recovery conditions and the implications for tissue lignification. Drought stress caused a reversible decrease in the leaf water relationship and damage to photosystem II, leading to an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Plants of RN51 exhibited a pronounced increase of antioxidant enzymatic activities. Unlike the drought-sensitive genotype, RN51 exhibited further development of lignified tissues and bulliform cells and had the greatest thickness of the adaxial epidermis. Drought stress led to the rapid activation of the expression of lignin biosynthesis pathway-related enzymes. The transcript level of the caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase gene decreased in RN1, whereas cinnamoyl-CoA reductase transcripts were increased in RN51. After rewatering, the tolerant genotype recovered more rapidly than RN1. Even though the two genotypes survived when they were exposed to drought stress, RN1 showed the highest reduction in growth parameters, and this reduction was sustained during rewatering. The results indicated that the capacity to regulate lipid peroxidation and mitigate oxidative damage could be one of the mechanisms included in tolerance to drought stress. In addition, the development of foliar characteristics, like thickness of the adaxial epidermis, well-developed bulliform cells, and intensive lignified tissues, are considered anatomical adaptive strategies for drought tolerance in C. ciliaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana M Carrizo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eliana López Colomba
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Exequiel Tommasino
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Carloni
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Graciela Bollati
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Karina Grunberg
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV), Córdoba, Argentina
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Heat Stress Impact on Yield and Composition of Quinoa Straw under Mediterranean Field Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050955. [PMID: 34064669 PMCID: PMC8150704 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is receiving increasing attention globally due to the high nutritional value of its seeds, and the ability of this crop to cope with stress. In the current climate change scenario, valorization of crop byproducts is required to support a climate-smart agriculture. Furthermore, research works characterizing and evaluating quinoa stems and their putative uses are scarce. In this work, straw yield and composition, and the relative feed value of five quinoa varieties, were analyzed in two consecutive years (2017-2018) under field conditions in Southwestern Europe. High temperatures were recorded during the 2017 growing season resulting in significantly decreased straw yield and improved feed value, associated with compositional changes under elevated temperatures. Crude protein, ash, phosphorus, and calcium contents were higher under high temperatures, whereas fiber contents decreased. The relative feed value was also higher in 2017 and differed among varieties. Differences among varieties were also found in straw yield, and contents of phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. Overall, the results presented here support a sustainable quinoa productive system by encouraging straw valorization and shedding light on the mechanisms underlying heat-stress responses in this crop.
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Delvecchio G, Belisário R, Barreto RF, Viciedo DO, Rossingnoli NO, de Pinho Costa KA, de Mello Prado R, Gonzalez-Meler M, Martinez CA. How does leaf physiological acclimation impact forage production and quality of a warmed managed pasture of Stylosanthes capitata under different conditions of soil water availability? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143505. [PMID: 33223164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tropical pastures play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and are crucial for world livestock production. Despite its importance, there is a paucity of field studies that clarify how tropical pasture species will be affected by environmental changes predicted for tropical regions. Using a temperature-free air-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) system, we increased canopy temperature (+2 °C over ambient) and evaluated the effects of warming under two soil moisture conditions in a factorial design over the physiology, forage production, and forage quality of a tropical forage legume, Stylosanthes capitata. Under well-watered conditions, warming increased the PSII efficiency, net photosynthesis, and aboveground biomass accumulation, but reduced forage quality and digestibility by decreasing crude protein content and increasing lignin content. Non-irrigated conditions under ambient temperature reduced leaf water status presumably promoting the reduction in net photosynthesis, forage production, and forage quality and digestibility. Under the combination of canopy warming and non-irrigated conditions, warming mitigated the effects of reduced soil moisture on leaf photosynthesis and biomass production, but a significant interaction reduced forage quality and digestibility more than under isolated treatments of warming or non-irrigated conditions. We found a potential physiological acclimation of the tropical forage species to moderate warming when grown under rainfed or well-watered conditions. However, this acclimation was achieved due to a trade-off that reduced forage nutritional value and digestibility that may impact future animal feeding, livestock production, and would contribute to methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Dias de Oliveira
- Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gustavo Delvecchio
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Belisário
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato de Mello Prado
- Department of Soils and Fertilizers, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miquel Gonzalez-Meler
- Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
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Olivera Viciedo D, de Mello Prado R, Martinez CA, Habermann E, de Cássia Piccolo M, Calero Hurtado A, Barreto RF, Peña Calzada K. Changes in soil water availability and air-temperature impact biomass allocation and C:N:P stoichiometry in different organs of Stylosanthes capitata Vogel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111540. [PMID: 33126195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and soil water availability play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of essential elements for plant growth, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). In this study, we investigated how drought and warming impact C:N:P stoichiometric ratios of different plant organs (leaves, inflorescences, and stems), and biomass allocation and production of a field-grown pasture of Stylosanthes capitata, a tropical forage legume. We evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+2 °C above ambient temperature) under two conditions of soil water availability, irrigated, and non-irrigated. In general, we observed that different functional plant organs showed distinct responses to drought and warming demonstrating how important is to evaluate different functional plant organs to unravel crop nutrient dynamics. In addition, interactive effects between warming and drought were observed in many situations, highlighting the importance of multifactorial studies. Our data showed that warming produced plants with more inflorescences, decreasing leaf:inflorescence ratio. However, only warming under well-watered conditions improved biomass production (in 38%). Warmed and irrigated plants showed higher stoichiometric homeostasis compared to other treatments. In an opposite direction, drought decreased P concentration and increased N:P ratios in different organs, reducing the stoichiometric homeostasis under both conditions of temperature. We have concluded that warm and well-watered conditions without restrictions in soil nutrient availability can enhance plant production, presumably due to a higher level of stoichiometric homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexander Calero Hurtado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ferreira Barreto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kolima Peña Calzada
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Tillering and Structural Characteristics of Panicum Cultivars in the Brazilian Semiarid Region. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Panicum maximum grasses are among the most used in Brazil because they have high forage production potential, nutritional value and adaptation to different climate conditions and in poor soils, which have been improved by the application of dolomitic limestone and nitrogen fertilizers and K2O, P2O5. The aim was to evaluate the tillering capacity and structural characteristics of six cultivars of Panicum maximum in the Brazilian semiarid region. The test was configured as a randomized block design with six treatments—the cultivars Aruana, Massai, Mombaça, Tamani, Tanzânia, and Zuri—and four replications. The studied variables included tiller population dynamics, tiller population density (TPD), appearance rate (ApR), mortality (MorB), tiller survival (SuvP), tiller stability index, height, light interception (LI), forage mass (FM), and morphological constituents. As to the population dynamics of tillers, seven generations were evaluated, and the largest number of tillers was observed in the first generation, regardless of the cultivar. Furthermore, the Massai cultivar demonstrated the highest TPD in all generations. Interaction between the cultivar and evaluation period was noted for ApR: the cultivars Tamani and Tanzânia indicated higher ApR at 122 and 137 days after establishment. The cultivar (P = 0.380) and evaluation period (P = 0.4469) had no effect on SuvP; however, higher MorB was detected in the cultivars Aruana and Tamani compared to Mombaça and Zuri, with intermediate values detected in the other cultivars. The highest FM was observed in the cultivars Massai, Mombaça, and Tamani, as well as in the leaf blade of Massai and Mombaça. The cultivars Massai, Mombaça, Tamani, Tanzânia, and Zuri have the potential to be cultivated in areas with marked water deficit and high temperatures, such as the Brazilian semiarid region. The cultivar Massai has a rapid recovery after a period of water scarcity. The cultivar Aruana is not recommended for use in the Brazilian semiarid region under rainfed conditions.
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20
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de Oliveira TB, de Lucas RC, Scarcella ASDA, Contato AG, Pasin TM, Martinez CA, Polizeli MDLTDM. Fungal communities differentially respond to warming and drought in tropical grassland soil. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1550-1559. [PMID: 32243629 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to cause more extreme events, such as heatwaves, and different precipitation patterns. The effects of warming and short-term drought on soil microbial communities, in particular fungal communities, remain largely unexplored under field conditions. Here, we evaluated how the fungal community of a tropical grassland soil responds to these changes. A field experiment was carried out in a temperature free-air controlled enhancement (T-FACE) facility in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The isolated and combined effects of drought and a 2°C increase in temperature were investigated. Based on metabarcoding of the ITS2 region, a total of 771 operational taxonomic units were observed. While warming affected the community structure, drought affected the alpha diversity, and the interaction between warming and drought affected both diversity and structure. The change in community composition driven by warming affected only the less abundant species (>1% of the total sequences). The aspect of the fungal communities that was most affected was diversity, which was increased by drought (p < .05), mostly by reducing the dominance of a single species, as observed in the watered plots. In a phylogenetic context, some fungal taxa were favoured by changes in temperature (Hypocreales) and drought (Sordariales) or disadvantaged by both (Pleosporales). It was of note that a water deficit increased the abundance of phytopathogenic fungi, such as Curvularia, Thielavia and Fusarium species. Overall, our results provide evidence that fungal communities in tropical grassland soils have greater sensitivity to drought than to temperature, which might increase the incidence of certain soil-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia de Almeida Scarcella
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alex Graça Contato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Pasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Department of Biology, FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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21
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Embedded Deforestation: The Case Study of the Brazilian–Italian Bovine Leather Trade. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deforestation and forest degradation driven by Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) are important sources of carbon emissions. Market globalization and trade liberalization policies reinforce this trend and risk deforestation to be embedded in global value chains. Due to the complexity of global production and trade systems, deforestation risk is also embedded in the supply chains of the products and sectors that are not direct deforestation drivers. Bovine leather is a commodity closely entangled in the debates about deforestation as it is a by-product of cattle. This research focuses on leather trade between Brazil and Italy to demonstrate the channels through which Italian imports of Brazilian leather could possess embedded Amazonian deforestation and related risks. The data employed for the analysis was searched at three different levels for the leather trade between Brazil and Italy: (a) the country level annual leather trade statistics for the years 2014–2018 taken from the Comtrade database; (b) the state level leather trade data, for the years 2014–2018 taken from the Comexstat database; and (c) the exporter–importer level leather trade data for the period of August 2017–August 2018, based on customs declarations. The analysis helps to demonstrate that the Italian leather trade with Brazil possesses the risk of deforestation unless the proper traceability and due diligence systems are in place to claim the opposite. The European and Italian leather industry need to be more proactive in acknowledging the existence of the risk at different levels, putting full traceability systems in place and sending out clear market signals that deforestation is not tolerated, and that sustainability is valued.
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Elevated CO2 and warming change the nutrient status and use efficiency of Panicum maximum Jacq. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0223937. [PMID: 32168346 PMCID: PMC7069640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Panicum maximum Jacq. ‘Mombaça’ (Guinea grass) is a C4 forage grass widely used in tropical pastures for cattle feeding. In this study, we evaluated the isolated and combined effects of warming and elevated CO2 concentration [CO2] during summer on nutrient content, nutrient accumulation, nutrient use efficiency and growth of P. maximum under field conditions. Field temperature and [CO2] were controlled by temperature free-air controlled enhancement and free-air CO2 enrichment systems, respectively. We tested two levels of canopy temperature: ambient temperature (aT) and 2°C above ambient temperature (eT), as well as two levels of atmospheric [CO2]: ambient [CO2] (aCO2) and 200 ppm above ambient CO2 (eCO2). The experiment was established in a completely randomized design with four replications, in a 2×2 factorial scheme. After pasture establishment, plants were exposed to the treatments during 30 days, with evaluations at 9, 16, 23 and 30 days after the treatments started. Results were dependent on the time of the evaluation, but in the last evaluation (beginning of the grazing), contents of N, K, Mg and S did not change as a function of treatments. However, P decreased as a function of warming under both levels of [CO2], and Ca increased under [eCO2] combined with warming. There was an increase in root dry mass under warming treatment. Combined treatment increased N, Ca and S accumulation without a corresponding increase in the use efficiency of these same nutrients, indicating that the fertiliser dose should increase in the next decades due to climate change. Our short-term results in young and well fertilized pasture suggest that under the combination of [eCO2] and eT conditions, P. maximum productivity will increase and the nutritional requirement for N, Ca and S will also increase.
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23
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França AAD, Silva DSD, Fechine JT, Sousa FAD, Andrade APD, Lichston JE. Potential and restrictions of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz as native forage in the Brazilian semi-arid region. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.47460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira) is a endemic plant of the Caatinga, selected by animals grazing on native pasture. With the aim of evaluating characteristics indicative of its nutritional quality, 10 plants were selected and identified, sampled at five different ages, were used to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), mineral matter (MM), DM degradability (Deg DM), NDF degradability (Deg NDF) and in situ and in vitro leaf-tissue degradability. Phytochemical prospection was performed, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance applied to detect the presence of secondary compounds. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and correlation analysis was carried out on the variables for leaf maturity in days. The levels of CP, NDF and Deg NDF showed a negative correlation with the increases in leaf age. Leaf-tissue degradation was restricted due to a physical barrier developed in the leaf fragments, which can be attributed to plant defence mechanisms. The in situ degradability of the cell wall components decreased with the increase in leaf age. The high levels of tannins and lignin, and the strong presence of flavonoids, should be considered for their anti-nutritional and pharmacological potential.
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24
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Olivera Viciedo D, de Mello Prado R, Martínez CA, Habermann E, de Cássia Piccolo M. Short-term warming and water stress affect Panicum maximum Jacq. stoichiometric homeostasis and biomass production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 681:267-274. [PMID: 31103664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes affect the growth of forage species. However, information regarding the effects of global climate change on the stoichiometry of tropical pastures is lacking, especially under field conditions. Such information is crucial to understand how temperature conditions and water availability states are likely to affect the stoichiometric homeostasis and biomass production of Panicum maximum, an important C4 tropical forage species, under future climate change scenarios. Thus, we, conducted a field experiment using a temperature free-air controlled enhancement system and evaluated the effects of two temperature conditions, ambient temperature and moderate warming (2 °C above ambient canopy temperature), and two levels of water availability, irrigated and non-irrigated, on the stoichiometric patterns of C:N:P and leaf biomass production. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with four replications over 3 weeks. Our findings revealed that the N and P leaf concentration greatly decreased in water-stressed plants, which increased the C:N and C:P ratios, while warming increased the N:P ratio. Leaf biomass production was impaired by up to 16% under water stress and ambient temperature conditions, but the biomass production was improved by 20% under warming and irrigated conditions. Our findings showed that homeostatic instability under rainfed conditions resulted in decreased leaf biomass production. Therefore, we concluded that warming is only beneficial for plant growth (i.e., a high homeostatic capacity was maintained) under well-irrigated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilier Olivera Viciedo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil; Agronomy Department, University of Sancti Spiritus "Jose Marti Perez" (UNISS), Cuba.
| | - Renato de Mello Prado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Habermann E, Dias de Oliveira EA, Contin DR, San Martin JAB, Curtarelli L, Gonzalez-Meler MA, Martinez CA. Stomatal Development and Conductance of a Tropical Forage Legume Are Regulated by Elevated [CO 2] Under Moderate Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:609. [PMID: 31214207 PMCID: PMC6554438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by the integration of environmental and endogenous signals. Here, we show the effects of combining elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO 2; 600 μmol mol-1) and warming (+2°C) on stomatal properties and their consequence to plant function in a Stylosanthes capitata Vogel (C3) tropical pasture. The eCO 2 treatment alone reduced stomatal density, stomatal index, and stomatal conductance (gs ), resulting in reduced transpiration, increased leaf temperature, and leading to maintenance of soil moisture during the growing season. Increased CO2 concentration inside leaves stimulated photosynthesis, starch content levels, water use efficiency, and PSII photochemistry. Under warming, plants developed leaves with smaller stomata on both leaf surfaces; however, we did not see effects of warming on stomatal conductance, transpiration, or leaf water status. Warming alone enhanced PSII photochemistry and photosynthesis, and likely starch exports from chloroplasts. Under the combination of warming and eCO 2, leaf temperature was higher than that of leaves from the warming or eCO 2 treatments. Thus, warming counterbalanced the effects of CO2 on transpiration and soil water content but not on stomatal functioning, which was independent of temperature treatment. Under warming, and in combination with eCO 2, leaves also produced more carotenoids and a more efficient heat and fluorescence dissipation. Our combined results suggest that control on stomatal opening under eCO 2 was not changed by a warmer environment; however, their combination significantly improved whole-plant functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Habermann
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Dias de Oliveira
- Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniele Ribeiro Contin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juca A. B. San Martin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lucas Curtarelli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Miquel A. Gonzalez-Meler
- Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Carlos Alberto Martinez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Languages of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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26
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Ahmed M, Stöckle CO, Nelson R, Higgins S, Ahmad S, Raza MA. Novel multimodel ensemble approach to evaluate the sole effect of elevated CO 2 on winter wheat productivity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7813. [PMID: 31127159 PMCID: PMC6534615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated carbon-dioxide concentration [eCO2] is a key climate change factor affecting plant growth and yield. Conventionally, crop modeling work has evaluated the effect of climatic parameters on crop growth, without considering CO2. It is conjectured that a novel multimodal ensemble approach may improve the accuracy of modelled responses to eCO2. To demonstrate the applicability of a multimodel ensemble of crop models to simulation of eCO2, APSIM, CropSyst, DSSAT, EPIC and STICS were calibrated to observed data for crop phenology, biomass and yield. Significant variability in simulated biomass production was shown among the models particularly at dryland sites (44%) compared to the irrigated site (22%). Increased yield was observed for all models with the highest average yield at dryland site by EPIC (49%) and lowest under irrigated conditions (17%) by APSIM and CropSyst. For the ensemble, maximum yield was 45% for the dryland site and a minimum 22% at the irrigated site. We concluded from our study that process-based crop models have variability in the simulation of crop response to [eCO2] with greater difference under water-stressed conditions. We recommend the use of ensembles to improve accuracy in modeled responses to [eCO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA.
- Department of Northern Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden.
| | - Claudio O Stöckle
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Roger Nelson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Stewart Higgins
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, USA
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR, China
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