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Ashraf U, Anjum SA, Naseer S, Abbas A, Abrar M, Nawaz M, Luo K. Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) application modulated the morpho-physiological and yield traits of fragrant rice under well-watered and drought conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:569. [PMID: 38886652 PMCID: PMC11184787 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing climate is causing erratic rainfall and prolonged drought periods, thus posing serious threats to crop productivity. Owing to severity of drought events, it is imperative to take proactive measures to enhance the resilience of drought sensitive crops like rice. Therefore, the present study was carried out to improve the drought stress tolerance in rice through gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) application. METHODS The experiment was included four GABA concentrations i.e., 0 mM as control, 1 mM, 1.5 mM, and 2 mM, two water levels i.e., 100% and 50% field capacity (referred as FC100 for well-watered and FC50 for drought conditions, respectively), and two fragrant rice cultivars i.e., Super Basmati and Basmati-515. RESULTS The findings unveiled a comprehensive improvement in various parameters with GABA application in fragrant rice under both well-watered (FC100) and water-limited (FC50) conditions, compared to the control. Specifically, GABA induced enhancements were observed in plant height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, total soluble protein content, and total free amino acid content across both cultivars. Moreover, GABA application significantly improved peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, alongside elevating anthocyanin levels, while concurrently reducing H2O2 contents in both FC100 and FC50 treatments. Furthermore, the positive impact of GABA extended to morphological traits, with notable increases in panicle length, total tillers and productive tillers per hill, branch and grain numbers per panicle, and 1000-grain weight for Super Basmati and Basmati 515 cultivars under both water regimes, compared to Ck. Similarly, the grain yield increased by 31.01% and 27.32% under FC100 and 36.85% and 27.71% under FC50 in Super Basmati and Basmati-515, respectively, in response to GABA application, compared to Ck. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significant variances attributed to Dim1 and Dim2, with 86.1% and 4.0% of the variance, respectively, across three bi-plots encompassing rice cultivars, water levels, and GABA treatments. Notably, all tested indices, except for H2O2 and non-productive tillers per hill, exhibited positive correlations amongst themselves and with rice yield, further emphasizing the beneficial effects of GABA application on fragrant rice under well-watered and drought conditions. CONCLUSIONS GABA significantly improved fragrant rice performance under both well-watered (FC100) and water-limited (FC50) conditions. Moreover, integrating GABA application into rice cultivation practices could not only improve the crop resilience to drought stress but also potentially benefiting the future food and nutritional security globally. However, however; further research is needed to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the functionality of GABA in fragrant rice, particularly under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, 54770, Pakistan.
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Naseer
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Anees Abbas
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abrar
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kebo Luo
- Jieyang Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jieyang, China.
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Decsi K, Ahmed M, Rizk R, Abdul-Hamid D, Kovács GP, Tóth Z. Emerging Trends in Non-Protein Amino Acids as Potential Priming Agents: Implications for Stress Management Strategies and Unveiling Their Regulatory Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6203. [PMID: 38892391 PMCID: PMC11172521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants endure the repercussions of environmental stress. As the advancement of global climate change continues, it is increasingly crucial to protect against abiotic and biotic stress effects. Some naturally occurring plant compounds can be used effectively to protect the plants. By externally applying priming compounds, plants can be prompted to trigger their defensive mechanisms, resulting in improved immune system effectiveness. This review article examines the possibilities of utilizing exogenous alpha-, beta-, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (AABA, BABA, and GABA), which are non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) that are produced naturally in plants during instances of stress. The article additionally presents a concise overview of the studies' discoveries on this topic, assesses the particular fields in which they might be implemented, and proposes new avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincső Decsi
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Festetics Doctoral School, Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Roquia Rizk
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Donia Abdul-Hamid
- Heavy Metals Department, Central Laboratory for The Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt;
| | - Gergő Péter Kovács
- Institute of Agronomy, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
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Xu Z, Bai Q, Peng X, Lang D, Zhang X. Endophytic Bacillus pumilus G5 Interacting with Silicon to Improve Drought Stress Resilience in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. by Modulating Nitrogen Absorption, Assimilation, and Metabolism Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10257-10270. [PMID: 38661009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress has become the primary severe threat to global agriculture production, including medicinal plants. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and environmentally friendly element silicon (Si) have emerged as effective methods in alleviating drought stress in various plants. Here, the effects of the plant endophytic G5 interaction with Si on regulating nitrogen absorption, assimilation, and metabolism pathways were investigated in the morphophysiological and gene attributes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis exposed to drought. Results showed that G5+Si application improved nitrogen absorption and assimilation by increasing the available nitrogen content in the soil, further improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency. Then, G5+Si triggered the accumulation of the major adjustment substances proline, γ-aminobutyric acid, putrescine, and chlorophyll, which played an important role in contributing to maintaining balance and energy supply in G. uralensis exposed to drought. These findings will provide new ideas for the combined application of PGPR and Si on both soil and plant systems in a drought habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiuxian Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueying Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Ahmad S, Fariduddin Q. "Deciphering the enigmatic role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plants: Synthesis, transport, regulation, signaling, and biological roles in interaction with growth regulators and abiotic stresses.". PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108502. [PMID: 38492486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid with a four-carbon structure, widely distributed in various organisms. It exists as a zwitterion, possessing both positive and negative charges, enabling it to interact with other molecules and participate in numerous physiological processes. GABA is widely distributed in various plant cell compartments such as cytoplasm mitochondria, vacuoles, peroxisomes, and plastids. GABA is primarily synthesized from glutamate using glutamate decarboxylase and participates in the GABA shunt within mitochondria, regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants The transport of GABA is regulated by several intracellular and intercellular transporters such as aluminium-activated malate transporters (ALMTs), GABA transporters (GATs), bidirectional amino acid transporters (BATs), and cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). GABA plays a vital role in cellular transformations, gene expression, cell wall modifications, and signal transduction in plants. Recent research has unveiled the role of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants, regulating stomatal movement and pollen tube growth. This review provides insights into multifaceted impact of GABA on physiological and biochemical traits in plants, including cellular communication, pH regulation, Krebs cycle circumvention, and carbon and nitrogen equilibrium. The review highlights involvement of GABA in improving the antioxidant defense system of plants, mitigating levels of reactive oxygen species under normal and stressed conditions. Moreover, the interplay of GABA with other plant growth regulators (PGRs) have also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ahmad
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Chakravorty M, Jaiswal KK, Bhatnagar P, Parveen A, Upadhyay S, Vlaskin MS, Alajmi MF, Chauhan PK, Nanda M, Kumar V. Exogenous GABA supplementation to facilitate Cr (III) tolerance and lipid biosynthesis in Chlorella sorokiniana. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120441. [PMID: 38430879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae possess the prospective to be efficiently involved in bioremediation and biodiesel generation. However, conditions of stress often restrict their growth and diminish different metabolic processes. The current study evaluates the potential of GABA to improve the growth of the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana under Cr (III) stress through the exogenous administration of GABA. The research also investigates the concurrent impact of GABA and Cr (III) stress on various metabolic and biochemical pathways of the microalgae. In addition to the control, cultures treated with Cr (III), GABA, and both Cr (III) and GABA treated were assessed for accurately analysing the influence of GABA. The outcomes illustrated that GABA significantly promoted growth of the microalgae, resulting in higher biomass productivity (19.14 mg/L/day), lipid productivity (3.445 mg/L/day) and lipid content (18%) when compared with the cultures under Cr (III) treatment only. GABA also enhanced Chl a content (5.992 μg/ml) and percentage of protein (23.75%). FAMEs analysis by GC-MS and total lipid profile revealed that GABA treatment can boost the production of SFA and lower the level of PUFA, a distribution ideal for improving biodiesel quality. ICP-MS analysis revealed that GABA supplementation could extend Cr (III) mitigation level up to 97.7%, suggesting a potential strategy for bioremediation. This novel study demonstrates the merits of incorporating GABA in C. sorokiniana cultures under Cr (III) stress, in terms of its potential in bioremediation and biodiesel production without disrupting the pathways of photosynthesis and protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Chakravorty
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Green Energy Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Afreen Parveen
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Shuchi Upadhyay
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology SoHST, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies UPES, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Mikhail S Vlaskin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohamed Fahad Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - P K Chauhan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Manisha Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Algal Research and Bioenergy Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India; Peoples' Friendship, University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India.
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Zarbakhsh S, Shahsavar AR, Afaghi A, Hasanuzzaman M. Predicting and optimizing reactive oxygen species metabolism in Punica granatum L. through machine learning: role of exogenous GABA on antioxidant enzyme activity under drought and salinity stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:65. [PMID: 38263036 PMCID: PMC11293251 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought and salinity stress have been proposed as the main environmental factors threatening food security, as they adversely affect crops' agricultural productivity. As a potential solution, the application of plant growth regulators to enhance drought and salinity tolerance has gained considerable attention. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that accumulates in plants as a response to stressful conditions. This study focused on a comparative assessment of several machine learning (ML) regression models, including radial basis function, generalized regression neural network (GRNN), random forest (RF), and support vector regression (SVR) to develop predictive models for assessing the effect of different concentrations of GABA (0, 10, 20, and 40 mM) on various physio-biochemical traits during periods of drought, salinity, and combined stress conditions. The physio-biochemical traits included antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; and ascorbate peroxidase, APX), protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. The non‑dominated sorting genetic algorithm‑II (NSGA‑II) was employed for optimizing the superior prediction model. RESULTS The GRNN model outperformed the other ML algorithms and was therefore selected for optimization by NSGA-II. The GRNN-NSGA-II model revealed that treatment with GABA at concentrations of 20.90 mM and 20.54 mM, under combined drought and salinity stress conditions at 20.86 and 20.72 days post-treatment, respectively, could result in the maximum values for protein content (by 0.80 and 0.69), APX activity (by 50.63 and 51.51), SOD activity (by 0.54 and 0.53), POD activity (by 1.53 and 1.72), CAT activity (by 4.42 and 5.66), as well as lower MDA levels (by 0.12 and 0.15) and H2O2 levels (by 0.44 and 0.55), respectively, in the 'Atabaki' and 'Rabab' cultivars. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the GRNN-NSGA-II model, as an advanced ML algorithm with a strong predictive ability for outcomes in combined stressful environmental conditions, provides valuable insights into the significant factors influencing such multifactorial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Zarbakhsh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Shahsavar
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Afaghi
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-ESher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Cao Y, Chen Y, Cheng N, Zhang K, Duan Y, Fang S, Shen Q, Yang X, Fang W, Zhu X. CsCuAO1 Associated with CsAMADH1 Confers Drought Tolerance by Modulating GABA Levels in Tea Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:992. [PMID: 38256065 PMCID: PMC10815580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that COPPER-CONTAINING AMINE OXIDASE (CuAO) and AMINOALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (AMADH) could regulate the accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in tea through the polyamine degradation pathway. However, their biological function in drought tolerance has not been determined. In this study, Camellia sinensis (Cs) CsCuAO1 associated with CsAMADH1 conferred drought tolerance, which modulated GABA levels in tea plants. The results showed that exogenous GABA spraying effectively alleviated the drought-induced physical damage. Arabidopsis lines overexpressing CsCuAO1 and CsAMADH1 exhibited enhanced resistance to drought, which promoted the synthesis of GABA and putrescine by stimulating reactive oxygen species' scavenging capacity and stomatal movement. However, the suppression of CsCuAO1 or CsAMADH1 in tea plants resulted in increased sensitivity to drought treatment. Moreover, co-overexpressing plants increased GABA accumulation both in an Agrobacterium-mediated Nicotiana benthamiana transient assay and transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In addition, a GABA transporter gene, CsGAT1, was identified, whose expression was strongly correlated with GABA accumulation levels in different tissues under drought stress. Taken together, CsCuAO1 and CsAMADH1 were involved in the response to drought stress through a dynamic GABA-putrescine balance. Our data will contribute to the characterization of GABA's biological functions in response to environmental stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Nuo Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Kexin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Yu Duan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Shimao Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 417100, China; (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Qiang Shen
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 417100, China; (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 417100, China; (Q.S.); (X.Y.)
| | - Wanping Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
| | - Xujun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.); (N.C.); (K.Z.); (Y.D.); (S.F.); (W.F.)
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Asif A, Ali M, Qadir M, Karthikeyan R, Singh Z, Khangura R, Di Gioia F, Ahmed ZFR. Enhancing crop resilience by harnessing the synergistic effects of biostimulants against abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276117. [PMID: 38173926 PMCID: PMC10764035 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plants experience constant exposed to diverse abiotic stresses throughout their growth and development stages. Given the burgeoning world population, abiotic stresses pose significant challenges to food and nutritional security. These stresses are complex and influenced by both genetic networks and environmental factors, often resulting in significant crop losses, which can reach as high as fifty percent. To mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses on crops, various strategies rooted in crop improvement and genomics are being explored. In particular, the utilization of biostimulants, including bio-based compounds derived from plants and beneficial microbes, has garnered considerable attention. Biostimulants offer the potential to reduce reliance on artificial chemical agents while enhancing nutritional efficiency and promoting plant growth under abiotic stress condition. Commonly used biostimulants, which are friendly to ecology and human health, encompass inorganic substances (e.g., zinc oxide and silicon) and natural substances (e.g., seaweed extracts, humic substances, chitosan, exudates, and microbes). Notably, prioritizing environmentally friendly biostimulants is crucial to prevent issues such as soil degradation, air and water pollution. In recent years, several studies have explored the biological role of biostimulants in plant production, focusing particularly on their mechanisms of effectiveness in horticulture. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive review of the existing scientific literature to analyze the current status and future research directions concerning the use of various biostimulants, such as plant-based zinc oxide, silicon, selenium and aminobutyric acid, seaweed extracts, humic acids, and chitosan for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Furthermore, we correlated the molecular modifications induced by these biostimulants with different physiological pathways and assessed their impact on plant performance in response to abiotic stresses, which can provide valuable insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Asif
- Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maratab Ali
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muslim Qadir
- Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbela, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Rajmohan Karthikeyan
- Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zora Singh
- Horticulture, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Ravjit Khangura
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Government of Western Australia, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, College State, PA, United States
| | - Zienab F. R. Ahmed
- Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Zarbakhsh S, Shahsavar AR. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid improves the photosynthesis efficiency, soluble sugar contents, and mineral nutrients in pomegranate plants exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:543. [PMID: 37926819 PMCID: PMC10626824 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as a regulator of many aspects of plant growth, has a pivotal role in improving plant stress resistance. However, few studies have focused on the use of GABA in increasing plants' resistance to interactional stresses, such as drought-salinity. Therefore, the focus of this study was to examine the effect of foliar application of GABA (0, 10, 20, and 40 mM) on growth indices and physio-biochemical parameters in plants of two pomegranate cultivars, 'Rabab' and 'Atabaki' exposed to drought, salinity, and drought-salinity. RESULTS Under stress conditions, the photosynthetic capacity of two pomegranate cultivars, including transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance of water vapour, and mesophyll conductance, was significantly reduced. This resulted in a decrease in root morphological traits such as fresh and dry weight, diameter, and volume, as well as the fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of the plants. However, the application of GABA reversed the negative effects caused by stress treatments on growth parameters and maintained the photosynthetic capacity. GABA application has induced the accumulation of compatible osmolytes, including total soluble carbohydrate, starch, glucose, fructose, and sucrose, in charge of providing energy for cellular defense response against abiotic stresses. Analysis of mineral nutrients has shown that GABA application increases the absorption of potassium, potassium/sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc, and iron. As concentration increased up to 40 mM, GABA prevented the uptake of toxic ions, sodium and chloride. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential of GABA as a biostimulant strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Zarbakhsh
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Shahsavar
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Alharbi K, Khan AA, Sakit Alhaithloul HA, Al-Harbi NA, Al-Qahtani SM, Aloufi SS, Abdulmajeed AM, Muneer MA, Alghanem SMS, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Usman M, Soliman MH. Synergistic effect of β-sitosterol and biochar application for improving plant growth of Thymus vulgaris under heat stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139832. [PMID: 37591372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has become the global concern due to its drastic effects on the environment. Agriculture sector is the backbone of food security which remains at the disposal of climate change. Heat stress is the is the most concerning effect of climate change which negatively affect the plant growth and potential yields. The present experiment was conducted to assess the effects of exogenously applied β-sitosterol (Bs at 100 mg/L) and eucalyptus biochar (Eb at 5%) on the antioxidants and nutritional status in Thymus vulgaris under heat stressed conditions. The pot experiment was conducted in completely randomize design in which thymus plants were exposed to heat stress (33 °C) and as a result, plants showed a substantial decline in morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters e.g., a reduction of 59.46, 75.51, 100.00, 34.61, 22.65, and 38.65% was found in plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight and leaf area while in Bs + Eb + heat stress showed 21.16, 56.81, 67.63, 23.09, 12.84, and 35.89% respectively as compared to control. In the same way photosynthetic pigments, transpiration rate, plant nutritional values and water potential increased in plants when treated with Bs and Eb in synergy. Application of Bs and Eb significantly decreased the electrolytic leakage of cells in heat stressed thymus plants. The production of reactive oxygen species was significantly decreased while the synthesis of antioxidants increased with the application of Bs and Eb. Moreover, the application Bs and Eb increased the concentration of minerals nutrients in the plant body under heat stress. Our results suggested that application of Bs along with Eb decreased the effect of heat stress by maintaining nutrient supply and enhanced tolerance by increasing the production of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Abdullah Khan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Sallum Aloufi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu, 46429, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif M Abdulmajeed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Umluj, 46429, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif Muneer
- College of Resources and Environment, International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu, 46429, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Iqbal B, Hussain F, khan MS, Iqbal T, Shah W, Ali B, Al Syaad KM, Ercisli S. Physiology of gamma-aminobutyric acid treated Capsicum annuum L. (Sweet pepper) under induced drought stress. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289900. [PMID: 37590216 PMCID: PMC10434925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is now widespread agreement that global warming is the source of climate variability and is a global danger that poses a significant challenge for the 21st century. Climate crisis has exacerbated water deficit stress and restricts plant's growth and output by limiting nutrient absorption and raising osmotic strains. Worldwide, Sweet pepper is among the most important vegetable crops due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. Drought stress poses negative impacts on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growth and production. Although, γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) being an endogenous signaling molecule and metabolite has high physio-molecular activity in plant's cells and could induce tolerance to water stress regimes, but little is known about its influence on sweet pepper development when applied exogenously. The current study sought to comprehend the effects of foliar GABA application on vegetative development, as well as physiological and biochemical constituents of Capsicum annuum L. A Field experiment was carried out during the 2021 pepper growing season and GABA (0, 2, and 4mM) concentrated solutions were sprayed on two Capsicum annuum L. genotypes including Scope F1 and Mercury, under drought stress of 50% and 30% field capacity. Results of the study showed that exogenous GABA supplementation significantly improved vegetative growth attributes such as, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, as well as root shoot ratio (RSR), and relative water content (RWC) while decreasing electrolyte leakage (EL). Furthermore, a positive and significant effect on chlorophyll a, b, a/b ratio and total chlorophyll content (TCC), carotenoids content (CC), soluble protein content (SPC), soluble sugars content (SSC), total proline content (TPC), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was observed. The application of GABA at 2mM yielded the highest values for these variables. In both genotypes, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) content increased with growing activity of those antioxidant enzymes in treated plants compared to non-treated plants. In comparison with the rest of GABA treatments, 2mM GABA solution had the highest improvement in morphological traits, and biochemical composition. In conclusion, GABA application can improve development and productivity of Capsicum annuum L. under drought stress regimes. In addition, foliar applied GABA ameliorated the levels of osmolytes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes involved in defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Iqbal
- Department of Chemical & Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fida Hussain
- Department of Chemical & Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Taimur Iqbal
- Faculty of Crop Protection Sciences, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wadood Shah
- Biological Sciences Research Division, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Aazam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Al Syaad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, Türkiye
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12
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Ameer A, Ahmad F, Asghar N, Hameed M, Ahmad KS, Mehmood A, Nawaz F, Shehzad MA, Mumtaz S, Kaleem M, Iqbal U. Aridity-driven changes in structural and physiological characteristics of Buffel grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris L.) from different ecozones of Punjab Pakistan. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1205-1224. [PMID: 37829703 PMCID: PMC10564708 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cenchrus ciliaris L. is a perennial grass that can grow in a diverse range of habitats including challenging deserts. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of aridity on morpho-anatomical and physiological traits in C. ciliaris populations collected from arid and semi-arid areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The populations growing in extremely arid conditions displayed a range of structural and physiological adaptations. Under extremely dry conditions, root epidermal thickness (90.29 µm), cortical cell area (7677.78 µm2), and metaxylem cell area (11,884.79 µm2) increased while root pith cell area (2681.96 µm2) decreased in tolerant populations. The populations under extremely aridity maximized leaf lamina (184.21 µm) and midrib thickness (316.46 µm). Additionally, highly tolerant populations were characterized by the accumulation of organic osmolytes such as glycinebetaine (132.60 µmol g-1 FW) was increased in QN poulations, proline (118.01 µmol g-1 F.W) was maximum in DF populations, and total amino acids (69.90 mg g-1 FW) under extreme water deficit conditions. In arid conditions, abaxial stomatal density (2630.21 µm) and stomatal area (8 per mm2) were also reduced in DF populations to check water loss through transpiration. These findings suggest that various parameters are crucial for the survival of C. ciliaris in arid environments. The main strategies used by C. ciliaris was intensive sclerification, effective retention of ions, and osmotic adjustment through proline and glycinebetaine under arid conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01351-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ameer
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Naila Asghar
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350 AJK Pakistan
| | - Fahim Nawaz
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 66000 Pakistan
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ummar Iqbal
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Bahawalpur, 64200 Pakistan
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Sun Q, Wang T, Huang J, Gu X, Dong Y, Yang Y, Da X, Mo X, Xie X, Jiang H, Yan D, Zheng B, He Y. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanism of Digitaria sanguinalis, Arabidopsis thaliana and Poa annua under 4,8-Dihydroxy-1-tetralone Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2728. [PMID: 37514341 PMCID: PMC10385526 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
4,8-dihydroxy-l-tetralone (4,8-DHT) is an allelochemical isolated from the outer bark of Carya cathayensis that acts as a plant growth inhibitor. In order to explore the mechanism of 4,8-DHT inhibiting weed activity, we treated three species of Digitaria sanguinalis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Poa annua with different concentrations of 4,8-DHT and performed phenotype observation and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that with an increase in 4,8-DHT concentration, the degree of plant damage gradually deepened. Under the same concentration of 4,8-DHT, the damage degree of leaves and roots of Digitaria sanguinalis was the greatest, followed by Arabidopsis thaliana, while Poa annua had the least damage, and the leaves turned slightly yellow. Transcriptome data showed that 24536, 9913, and 1662 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Digitaria sanguinalis, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Poa annua, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In addition, DEGs were also enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signal pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further analysis showed that after 4,8-DHT treatment, the transcript levels of photosynthesis PSI- and PSII-related genes, LHCA/B-related genes, Rubisco, and PEPC were significantly decreased in Digitaria sanguinalis and Arabidopsis thaliana. At the same time, the transcription levels of genes related to glutathione metabolism and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in Digitaria sanguinalis were also significantly decreased. However, the expression of these genes was upregulated in Arabidopsis thaliana and Poa annua. These indicated that 4,8-DHT affected the growth of the three plants through different physiological pathways, and then played a role in inhibiting plant growth. Simultaneously, the extent to which plants were affected depended on the tested plants and the content of 4,8-DHT. The identification of weed genes that respond to 4,8-DHT has helped us to further understand the inhibition of plant growth by allelochemicals and has provided a scientific basis for the development of allelochemicals as herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiu Huang
- School of Environment science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaowen Da
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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14
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Szlachtowska Z, Rurek M. Plant dehydrins and dehydrin-like proteins: characterization and participation in abiotic stress response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213188. [PMID: 37484455 PMCID: PMC10358736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress has a significant impact on plant growth and development. It causes changes in the subcellular organelles, which, due to their stress sensitivity, can be affected. Cellular components involved in the abiotic stress response include dehydrins, widely distributed proteins forming a class II of late embryogenesis abundant protein family with characteristic properties including the presence of evolutionarily conserved sequence motifs (including lysine-rich K-segment, N-terminal Y-segment, and often phosphorylated S motif) and high hydrophilicity and disordered structure in the unbound state. Selected dehydrins and few poorly characterized dehydrin-like proteins participate in cellular stress acclimation and are also shown to interact with organelles. Through their functioning in stabilizing biological membranes and binding reactive oxygen species, dehydrins and dehydrin-like proteins contribute to the protection of fragile organellar structures under adverse conditions. Our review characterizes the participation of plant dehydrins and dehydrin-like proteins (including some organellar proteins) in plant acclimation to diverse abiotic stress conditions and summarizes recent updates on their structure (the identification of dehydrin less conserved motifs), classification (new proposed subclasses), tissue- and developmentally specific accumulation, and key cellular activities (including organellar protection under stress acclimation). Recent findings on the subcellular localization (with emphasis on the mitochondria and plastids) and prospective applications of dehydrins and dehydrin-like proteins in functional studies to alleviate the harmful stress consequences by means of plant genetic engineering and a genome editing strategy are also discussed.
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15
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Zhao Q, Ma Y, Huang X, Song L, Li N, Qiao M, Li T, Hai D, Cheng Y. GABA Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat Seedlings ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2495. [PMID: 37447056 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on physio-biochemical metabolism, phenolic acid accumulation, and antioxidant system enhancement in germinated wheat under drought stress was investigated. The results showed that exogenous GABA reduced the oxidative damage in wheat seedlings caused by drought stress and enhanced the content of phenolics, with 1.0 mM being the most effective concentration. Six phenolic acids were detected in bound form, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid. However, only syringic acid and p-coumaric acid were found in free form. A total of 1.0 mM of GABA enhanced the content of total phenolic acids by 28% and 22%, respectively, compared with that of drought stress, on day four and day six of germination. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were activated by drought stress plus GABA treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities were also induced. These results indicate that GABA treatment may be an effective way to relieve drought stress as it activates the antioxidant system of plants by inducing the accumulation of phenolics and the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Zhao
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianqing Huang
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lianjun Song
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ning Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mingwu Qiao
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tiange Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dan Hai
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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16
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Khan AH, Min L, Ma Y, Zeeshan M, Jin S, Zhang X. High-temperature stress in crops: male sterility, yield loss and potential remedy approaches. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:680-697. [PMID: 36221230 PMCID: PMC10037161 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security is one of the utmost essential challenges in the 21st century in providing enough food for the growing population while coping with the already stressed environment. High temperature (HT) is one of the main factors affecting plant growth, development and reproduction and causes male sterility in plants. In male reproductive tissues, metabolic changes induced by HT involve carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, epigenetics and reactive oxygen species, leading to male sterility and ultimately reducing yield. Understanding the mechanism and genes involved in these pathways during the HT stress response will provide a new path to improve crops by using molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches. Moreover, this review provides insight into male sterility and integrates this with suggested strategies to enhance crop tolerance under HT stress conditions at the reproductive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Hamid Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ling Min
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yizan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro‐Environment and Agro‐Product Safety, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of AgricultureGuanxi UniversityNanningChina
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement & Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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17
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Wu C, Wang Y, Sun H. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics reveals deep analysis of drought stress responses in needles and roots of Pinus taeda seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1031466. [PMID: 36798806 PMCID: PMC9927248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of major environmental stresses affecting plant growth and yield. Although Pinus taeda trees are planted in rainy southern China, local drought sometime occurs and can last several months, further affecting their growth and resin production. In this study, P. taeda seedlings were treated with long-term drought (42 d), and then targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis were carried out to evaluate drought tolerance of P. taeda. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that levels of some sugars, phytohormones, and amino acids significantly increased in the roots and needles of water-stressed (WS) P. taeda seedlings, compared with well-watered (WW) pine seedlings. These metabolites included sucrose in pine roots, the phytohormones abscisic acid and sacylic acid in pine needles, the phytohormone gibberellin (GA4) and the two amino acids, glycine and asparagine, in WS pine roots. Compared with WW pine seedlings, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine significantly increased in needles of WS pine seedlings, but significantly reduced in their roots. The neurotransmitters L-glutamine and hydroxytyramine significantly increased in roots and needles of WS pine seedlings, respectively, compared with WW pine seedlings, but the neurotransmitter noradrenaline significantly reduced in needles of WS pine seedlings. Levels of some unsaturated fatty acids significantly reduced in roots or needles of WS pine seedlings, compared with WW pine seedlings, such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, myristelaidic acid, myristoleic acid in WS pine roots, and palmitelaidic acid, erucic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid in WS pine needles. However, three saturated fatty acids significantly increased in WS pine seedlings, i.e., dodecanoic acid in WS pine needles, tricosanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid in WS pine roots. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that levels of some metabolites increased in WS pine seedlings, especially sugars, long-chain lipids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. A few of specific metabolites increased greatly, such as androsin, piceatanol, and panaxatriol in roots and needles of WS pine seedlings. Comparing with WW pine seedlings, it was found that the most enriched pathways in WS pine needles included flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, ABC transporters, diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis; in WS pine roots, the most enriched pathways included tryptophan metabolism, caffeine metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Under long-term drought stress, P. taeda seedlings showed their own metabolomics characteristics, and some new metabolites and biosynthesis pathways were found, providing a guideline for breeding drought-tolerant cultivars of P. taeda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Institute of Subtropic Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Barberis M, Calabrese D, Galloni M, Nepi M. Secondary Metabolites in Nectar-Mediated Plant-Pollinator Relationships. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:550. [PMID: 36771634 PMCID: PMC9920422 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the complex chemistry of floral nectar and its ecological implications for plant-pollinator relationships has certainly increased. Nectar is no longer considered merely a reward for pollinators but rather a plant interface for complex interactions with insects and other organisms. A particular class of compounds, i.e., nectar secondary compounds (NSCs), has contributed to this new perspective, framing nectar in a more comprehensive ecological context. The aim of this review is to draft an overview of our current knowledge of NSCs, including emerging aspects such as non-protein amino acids and biogenic amines, whose presence in nectar was highlighted quite recently. After considering the implications of the different classes of NSCs in the pollination scenario, we discuss hypotheses regarding the evolution of such complex nectar profiles and provide cues for future research on plant-pollinator relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barberis
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Calabrese
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Galloni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Cheng P, Yue Q, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Khan A, Yang X, He J, Wang S, Shen W, Qian Q, Du W, Ma F, Zhang D, Guan Q. Application of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves fruit quality and rootstock drought tolerance in apple. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153890. [PMID: 36571915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) plays a multifaceted role in plant growth, fruit quality, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, its physiological roles and mechanisms in the fruit quality and response to long-term drought stress in apple remain unelucidated. To investigate the effect of GABA on apple fruit quality and drought tolerance, we sprayed exogenous GABA on apple cultivar "Cripps Pink" and irrigated rootstock M.9-T337 with GABA, respectively. Results showed that exogenous GABA could effectively improve the fruit quality of "Cripps Pink", including increased sugar-to-acid ratio, flesh firmness, pericarp malleability, and GABA content, as well as reduced fruit acidity. In addition, pretreatment of M.9-T337 plants with GABA improved their tolerance to both long- and short-term drought stress. Specifically, 1 mM exogenous GABA increased the net photosynthetic rate, relative leaf water content, root-to-shoot ratio, and water use efficiency under long-term drought stress, and delayed the increased of the relative electrolyte leakage under short-term drought stress. RNA-seq analysis identified 1271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between nontreated and GABA-pretreated plants under short-term drought stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these DEGs revealed that GABA may enhance plant drought resistance by upregulating the expression of genes related to "Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites", "MAPK signaling pathway", "Glutathione metabolism", and "Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms". In conclusion, these results revealed that exogenous GABA can improve fruit quality and enhance drought tolerance in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengda Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qianyu Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yutian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jieqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dehui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Chen X, Li N, Liu C, Wang H, Li Y, Xie Y, Ma F, Liang J, Li C. Exogenous GABA improves the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2563-2577. [PMID: 35972819 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important factor limiting apple production. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) exists widely in plants and participates in the response to abiotic stress as a metabolite or signaling molecule. The role of exogenous GABA in apple plants, response to long-term drought stress remains unclear. Our study confirmed that exogenous GABA affects the drought resistance of apple plants under long-term drought stress. We found that 1 mM exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress. The plants showed better growth, less reactive oxygen radical accumulation, less damage to cell membranes and greater active photosynthetic capacity. Under long-term drought stress, exogenous GABA facilitated GABA shunt, resulting in more accumulation of organic acids, namely citric acid, succinic acid and malic acid, in roots and stems of apple seedlings. In addition, exogenous GABA upregulated the expression of cellulose-related genes and lignin-related genes, and activated secondary cell wall-related transcription factors to synthesize more cellulose and lignin. A multiple factorial analysis confirmed that the GABA shunt and the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin substantially contributed to the growth of apple seedlings with the application of exogenous GABA under long-term drought stress. Our results suggested that exogenous GABA improved the resistance of apple seedlings to long-term drought stress by enhancing GABA shunt and secondary cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiakai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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21
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Zarbakhsh S, Shahsavar AR. Artificial neural network-based model to predict the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid on salinity and drought responsive morphological traits in pomegranate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16662. [PMID: 36198905 PMCID: PMC9534893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been introduced as a treatment with high physiological activity induction to enhance the ability of plants against drought and salinity stress, which led to a decline in plant growth. Since changes in morphological traits to drought and salinity stress are influenced by multiple factors, advanced computational analysis has great potential for computing nonlinear and multivariate data. In this work, the effect of four input variables including GABA concentration, pomegranate cultivars, days of treatment, and drought and salinity stress evaluated to predict and modeling of morphological traits using artificial neural network (ANN) models including multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Image processing technique was used to measure the LLI, LWI, and LAI parameters. Among the ANNs applied, the MLP algorithm was chosen as the best model based on the highest accuracy. Furthermore, to predict and estimate the optimal values of input variables for achieving the best morphological parameters, the MLP algorithm was linked to a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). Based on the results of MLP-NSGA-II, the best values of crown diameter (18.42 cm), plant height (151.82 cm), leaf length index (5.67 cm), leaf width index (1.76 cm), and leaf area index (13.82 cm) could be achieved with applying 10.57 mM GABA on ‘Atabaki’ cultivar under control (non-stress) condition after 20.8 days. The results of modeling and optimization can be helpful to predict the morphological responses to drought and salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Zarbakhsh
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Shahsavar
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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22
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Raza A, Salehi H, Rahman MA, Zahid Z, Madadkar Haghjou M, Najafi-Kakavand S, Charagh S, Osman HS, Albaqami M, Zhuang Y, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W. Plant hormones and neurotransmitter interactions mediate antioxidant defenses under induced oxidative stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961872. [PMID: 36176673 PMCID: PMC9514553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to global climate change, abiotic stresses are affecting plant growth, productivity, and the quality of cultivated crops. Stressful conditions disrupt physiological activities and suppress defensive mechanisms, resulting in stress-sensitive plants. Consequently, plants implement various endogenous strategies, including plant hormone biosynthesis (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, and strigolactones) to withstand stress conditions. Combined or single abiotic stress disrupts the normal transportation of solutes, causes electron leakage, and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating oxidative stress in plants. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems marshal a plant's antioxidant defenses. While stress responses and the protective role of the antioxidant defense system have been well-documented in recent investigations, the interrelationships among plant hormones, plant neurotransmitters (NTs, such as serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and γ-aminobutyric acid), and antioxidant defenses are not well explained. Thus, this review discusses recent advances in plant hormones, transgenic and metabolic developments, and the potential interaction of plant hormones with NTs in plant stress response and tolerance mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges and future directions (transgenic breeding and genome editing) for metabolic improvement in plants using modern molecular tools. The interaction of plant hormones and NTs involved in regulating antioxidant defense systems, molecular hormone networks, and abiotic-induced oxidative stress tolerance in plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hajar Salehi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Zainab Zahid
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Madadkar Haghjou
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shiva Najafi-Kakavand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hany S. Osman
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Sun Y, Mehmood A, Battino M, Xiao J, Chen X. Enrichment of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in foods: From conventional methods to innovative technologies. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zarattini M, Choaibi A, Magri S, Hermans C, Cannella D. The oxidized cellooligosaccharides confer thermotolerance in Arabidopsis by priming ethylene via heat shock factor A2. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13737. [PMID: 35717612 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change, especially heatwaves and aridity, is a major threat to agricultural production and food security. This requires common efforts from the scientific community to find effective solutions to better understand and protect the plant's vulnerabilities to high temperatures. The current study demonstrates the potential of cellooligosaccharides (COS), which are native and oxidized signaling molecules released by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) enzymes during cell wall degradation by microbial pathogens. The extracellular perception of COS leads to the activation of damage-triggered immunity, often protecting the plant against biotic stress. However, how these signaling molecules affect abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. Here, we show that native COS and oxidized COS (oxiCOS) perception increase the transcript levels of several HEAT SHOCK FACTORS (HSFs) and HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSPs) genes in Arabidopsis plants. However, only oxiCOS treatment triggers ethylene priming and increases thermotolerance. Furthermore, the function of the transcription factor HSFA2 is required for these processes. Altogether, our results indicate that the perception of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) may improve tolerance to adverse abiotic conditions, like exposure to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zarattini
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit-Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ali Choaibi
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit-Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silvia Magri
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit-Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Hermans
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit-Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Cannella
- PhotoBiocatalysis Unit-Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Shi H, Hu H, Yi L, Hou J. Time-course transcriptome and WGCNA analysis revealed the drought response mechanism of two sunflower inbred lines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265447. [PMID: 35363798 PMCID: PMC8974994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stress factors limiting crop yields. Although sunflower is considered a moderate drought-tolerant plant, drought stress still has a negative impact on sunflower yield as cultivation expands into arid regions. The extent of drought stress is varieties and time-dependent, however, the molecular response mechanisms of drought tolerance in sunflower with different varieties are still unclear. Here, we performed comparative physiological and transcriptome analyses on two sunflower inbred lines with different drought tolerance at the seedling stage. The analysis of nine physiological and biochemical indicators showed that the leaf surface area, leaf relative water content, and cell membrane integrity of drought tolerance inbred line were higher than those of drought-sensitive inbred line under drought stress, indicating that DT had stronger drought resistance. Transcriptome analyses identified 24,234 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in gibberellin metabolism and rRNA processing, while the down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in cell-wall, photosynthesis, and terpene metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis showed genes related to GABAergic synapse, ribosome biogenesis were up-regulated, while genes related with amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis were down-regulated. Mapman analysis revealed differences in plant hormone-signaling genes over time and between samples. A total of 1,311 unique putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified from all DEGs by iTAK, among which the high abundance of transcription factor families include bHLH, AP2/ERF, MYB, C2H2, etc. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed a total of 2,251 genes belonging to two modules(blue 4, lightslateblue), respectively, which were significantly associated with six traits. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these genes was performed, followed by visualization with Cytoscape software, and the top 20 Hub genes were screened using the CytoHubba plugin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liuxi Yi
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- Agricultural College, College of Agricultural, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Ahmad M, Waraich EA, Skalicky M, Hussain S, Zulfiqar U, Anjum MZ, Habib ur Rahman M, Brestic M, Ratnasekera D, Lamilla-Tamayo L, Al-Ashkar I, EL Sabagh A. Adaptation Strategies to Improve the Resistance of Oilseed Crops to Heat Stress Under a Changing Climate: An Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767150. [PMID: 34975951 PMCID: PMC8714756 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the decisive environmental factors that is projected to increase by 1. 5°C over the next two decades due to climate change that may affect various agronomic characteristics, such as biomass production, phenology and physiology, and yield-contributing traits in oilseed crops. Oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, cottonseed, coconut, palm oil, sesame, safflower, olive etc., are widely grown. Specific importance is the vulnerability of oil synthesis in these crops against the rise in climatic temperature, threatening the stability of yield and quality. The natural defense system in these crops cannot withstand the harmful impacts of heat stress, thus causing a considerable loss in seed and oil yield. Therefore, a proper understanding of underlying mechanisms of genotype-environment interactions that could affect oil synthesis pathways is a prime requirement in developing stable cultivars. Heat stress tolerance is a complex quantitative trait controlled by many genes and is challenging to study and characterize. However, heat tolerance studies to date have pointed to several sophisticated mechanisms to deal with the stress of high temperatures, including hormonal signaling pathways for sensing heat stimuli and acquiring tolerance to heat stress, maintaining membrane integrity, production of heat shock proteins (HSPs), removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assembly of antioxidants, accumulation of compatible solutes, modified gene expression to enable changes, intelligent agricultural technologies, and several other agronomic techniques for thriving and surviving. Manipulation of multiple genes responsible for thermo-tolerance and exploring their high expressions greatly impacts their potential application using CRISPR/Cas genome editing and OMICS technology. This review highlights the latest outcomes on the response and tolerance to heat stress at the cellular, organelle, and whole plant levels describing numerous approaches applied to enhance thermos-tolerance in oilseed crops. We are attempting to critically analyze the scattered existing approaches to temperature tolerance used in oilseeds as a whole, work toward extending studies into the field, and provide researchers and related parties with useful information to streamline their breeding programs so that they can seek new avenues and develop guidelines that will greatly enhance ongoing efforts to establish heat stress tolerance in oilseeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, United States
| | | | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Anjum
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib ur Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Disna Ratnasekera
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Laura Lamilla-Tamayo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman EL Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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27
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Xu B, Sai N, Gilliham M. The emerging role of GABA as a transport regulator and physiological signal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2005-2016. [PMID: 35235673 PMCID: PMC8644139 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While the proposal that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts a signal in plants is decades old, a signaling mode of action for plant GABA has been unveiled only relatively recently. Here, we review the recent research that demonstrates how GABA regulates anion transport through aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) and speculation that GABA also targets other proteins. The ALMT family of anion channels modulates multiple physiological processes in plants, with many members still to be characterized, opening up the possibility that GABA has broad regulatory roles in plants. We focus on the role of GABA in regulating pollen tube growth and stomatal pore aperture, and we speculate on its role in long-distance signaling and how it might be involved in cross talk with hormonal signals. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), guard cell opening is regulated by GABA, as it is in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), to regulate water use efficiency, which impacts drought tolerance. We also discuss the links between glutamate and GABA in generating signals in plants, particularly related to pollen tube growth, wounding, and long-distance electrical signaling, and explore potential interactions of GABA signals with hormones, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. We conclude by postulating that GABA encodes a signal that links plant primary metabolism to physiological status to fine tune plant responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Author for communication:
| | - Na Sai
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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28
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Liu C, Wang H, Zhang X, Ma F, Guo T, Li C. Activation of the ABA Signal Pathway Mediated by GABA Improves the Drought Resistance of Apple Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312676. [PMID: 34884481 PMCID: PMC8657939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought seriously affects the yield and quality of apples. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the responses of plants to various stresses. However, the role and possible mechanism of GABA in the drought response of apple seedlings remain unknown. To explore the effect of GABA on apple seedlings under drought stress, seedlings of Malus hupehensis were treated with seven concentrations of GABA, and the response of seedlings under 15-day drought stress was observed. The results showed that 0.5 mM GABA was the most effective at relieving drought stress. Treatment with GABA reduced the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content of leaves induced by drought stress and significantly increased the relative water content of leaves. Exogenous GABA significantly decreased the stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and transpiration rate, and it significantly increased the photosynthetic rate under drought. GABA also reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in leaf tissues under drought and increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and the content of GABA. Exogenous treatment with GABA acted through the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves to significantly decrease stomatal conductance and increase the stomatal closure rate, and the levels of expression of ABA-related genes PYL4, ABI1, ABI2, HAB1, ABF3, and OST1 changed in response to drought. Taken together, exogenous GABA can enhance the drought tolerance of apple seedlings.
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Al-Mushhin AAM, Qari SH, Fakhr MA, Alnusairi GSH, Alnusaire TS, ALrashidi AA, Latef AAHA, Ali OM, Khan AA, Soliman MH. Exogenous Myo-Inositol Alleviates Salt Stress by Enhancing Antioxidants and Membrane Stability via the Upregulation of Stress Responsive Genes in Chenopodium quinoa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2416. [PMID: 34834781 PMCID: PMC8623490 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol has gained a central position in plants due to its vital role in physiology and biochemistry. This experimental work assessed the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of myo-inositol (MYO) on growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, antioxidant system, osmolyte accumulation, and gene expression in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L. var. Giza1). Our results show that salinity stress significantly decreased growth parameters such as plant height, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and Fv/Fm, with a more pronounced effect at higher NaCl concentrations. However, the exogenous application of MYO increased the growth and photosynthesis traits and alleviated the stress to a considerable extent. Salinity also significantly reduced the water potential and water use efficiency in plants under saline regime; however, exogenous application of myo-inositol coped with this issue. MYO significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, reduced lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage concomitant with an increase in the membrane stability index. Exogenous application of MYO up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes' activities and the contents of ascorbate and glutathione, contributing to membrane stability and reduced oxidative damage. The damaging effects of salinity stress on quinoa were further mitigated by increased accumulation of osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, free amino acids, and soluble sugars in MYO-treated seedlings. The expression pattern of OSM34, NHX1, SOS1A, SOS1B, BADH, TIP2, NSY, and SDR genes increased significantly due to the application of MYO under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Our results support the conclusion that exogenous MYO alleviates salt stress by involving antioxidants, enhancing plant growth attributes and membrane stability, and reducing oxidative damage to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marwa A. Fakhr
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
- Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application (SRTA-city), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt
| | - Ghalia S. H. Alnusairi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.H.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Taghreed S. Alnusaire
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia; (G.S.H.A.); (T.S.A.)
| | - Ayshah Aysh ALrashidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81411, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Omar M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir Abdullah Khan
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mona H. Soliman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr, Yanbu 46429, Saudi Arabia
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Kaspal M, Kanapaddalagamage MH, Ramesh SA. Emerging Roles of γ Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Gated Channels in Plant Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102178. [PMID: 34685991 PMCID: PMC8540008 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The signaling role for γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been documented in animals for over seven decades. However, a signaling role for GABA in plants is just beginning to emerge with the discovery of putative GABA binding site/s and GABA regulation of anion channels. In this review, we explore the role of GABA in plant growth and development under abiotic stress, its interactions with other signaling molecules and the probability that there are other anion channels with important roles in stress tolerance that are gated by GABA.
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GABA: A Key Player in Drought Stress Resistance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810136. [PMID: 34576299 PMCID: PMC8471019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid involved in various physiological processes; it aids in the protection of plants against abiotic stresses, such as drought, heavy metals, and salinity. GABA tends to have a protective effect against drought stress in plants by increasing osmolytes and leaf turgor and reducing oxidative damage via antioxidant regulation. Guard cell GABA production is essential, as it may provide the benefits of reducing stomatal opening and transpiration and controlling the release of tonoplast-localized anion transporter, thus resulting in increased water-use efficiency and drought tolerance. We summarized a number of scientific reports on the role and mechanism of GABA-induced drought tolerance in plants. We also discussed existing insights regarding GABA’s metabolic and signaling functions used to increase plant tolerance to drought stress.
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Wuxal amino (Bio stimulant) improved growth and physiological performance of tomato plants under salinity stress through adaptive mechanisms and antioxidant potential. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3204-3213. [PMID: 34121857 PMCID: PMC8176060 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, ameliorative capabilities of wuxal amino (bio stimulant) under salt stress has been investigated through adaptive mechanisms and antioxidant potential in tomato plants. In the experiment, two different concentrations (2 cm L-1 and 3 cm L-1) of wuxal amino through foliar application and soil irrigation were applied to the salt (150 mM) treated tomato plants and then morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity were assessed at 60 days after planting. The results revealed that salt stress decreased the growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars and soluble protein whereas, content of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenols, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and the activity of antioxidant enzymes activity increased under salt stress. Moreover, Wuxal amino application through foliar or soil to salt stressed plants improved morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity. Interestingly, the deleterious impact of salinity on tomato plants were significantly reduced and it can be evident from reduced MDA and H2O2 levels. These responses varied with the mode (foliar or soil) of application of Wuxal amino under different concentrations (2 cm L-1 and 3 cm L-1). It was concluded that application of Wuxal amino (2 cm L-1, foliar) and (3 cm L-1; soil) proved best and could be commercially used as eco-friendly tool for the protection of tomato plants grown under salinity stress.
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Li Z, Tang M, Hassan MJ, Zhang Y, Han L, Peng Y. Adaptability to High Temperature and Stay-Green Genotypes Associated With Variations in Antioxidant, Chlorophyll Metabolism, and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation in Creeping Bentgrass Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:750728. [PMID: 34777429 PMCID: PMC8581182 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.750728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High temperature limits the cultivation and utilization of cool-season plants in many regions worldwide. Recently, extreme hot waves swept across the globe in summer, leading to enormous economic loss. The evaluation and identification of genotypic variation in thermotolerance within species are critical to breeding for environmental adaptation and also provide potential materials to explore thermo-resistant mechanism in plants. Forty-two accessions of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), which is a cool-season perennial grass for turf and ecological remediation, were collected from 15 different countries. Physiological traits, namely, chlorophyll (Chl) content, electrolyte leakage, photochemical efficiency, performance index on absorption basis, leaf relative water content, and osmotic potential were used to evaluate the heat tolerance of these materials in controlled growth chambers and field during summer. Stay-green and early-aging genotypes were selected to further reveal the potential mechanism of tolerance to senescence and heat damage associated with alterations in Chl metabolism, antioxidant and photosynthetic capacity, and endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Findings showed that there were significant genetic variations in physiological traits among 41 materials in response to high temperature stress. The 13M, PROVIDENCE, and LOFTS L-93 were the top three accessions with superior tolerance to heat and summer stress than other materials in terms of laboratory and field tests. In response to heat stress, the stay-green genotype PROVIDENCE exhibited significantly higher photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency than the heat-susceptible W6 6570. Delayed leaf senescence in relation to less Chl loss was detected in the PROVIDENCE associated with maintenance of significantly higher expression levels of Chl-anabolic genes (AsCHLH, AsPBGD, and AsPOR) and lower Chl-catabolic gene AsPPH under heat stress. Genetic attributes, such as better capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species and higher endogenous GABA content could play positive roles in alleviating heat-induced senescence, oxidative damage, and metabolic disturbance in the PROVIDENCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Li
| | - Mingyan Tang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Yan Peng
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