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Yamaga S, Tanigaki K, Nakamura E, Sasaki N, Kato Y, Kuboniwa M, Matsusaki M, Amano A, Takeuchi H. Cigarette smoke extract impairs gingival epithelial barrier function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9228. [PMID: 37286570 PMCID: PMC10244868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM1) and coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), tight junction-associated proteins, have important roles to maintain epithelial barrier function in gingival tissues. Smoking is considered to be a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on JAM1 and CXADR in human gingival epithelial cells. CSE was found to cause translocation of JAM1 from the cellular surface to EGFR-positive endosomes, whereas CXADR did not. Using a three-dimensional multilayered gingival epithelial tissue model, CSE administration was found to increase permeability to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, whereas overexpression of JAM1 in the tissue model prevented penetration by those substrates. Furthermore, vitamin C increased JAM1 expression, and inhibited penetration of LPS and PGN induced by CSE. These findings strongly suggest that CSE disrupts gingival barrier function via dislocation of JAM1, thus allowing bacterial virulence factors to penetrate into subepithelial tissues. Furthermore, they indicate that vitamin C increases JAM1 expression and prevents disruption of gingival barrier function by CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yamaga
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keita Tanigaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoko Sasaki
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Kato
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Madi M, Smith S, Alshehri S, Zakaria O, Almas K. Influence of Smoking on Periodontal and Implant Therapy: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5368. [PMID: 37047982 PMCID: PMC10094532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND smoking is considered the most modifiable risk factor for periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE the aim of this narrative review is to emphasize the effect of smoking on periodontal and implant therapy. METHODS The authors reviewed the literature reporting the clinical outcomes of smoking on periodontal surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The impact of smoking on implant therapy and sinus lifting procedures were also reviewed. RESULTS Periodontal and implant therapy outcomes are adversely affected by smoking. Smokers respond less favorably to periodontal therapy and periodontal flap procedures as compared to nonsmokers. Clinical outcomes for smokers are 50-75% worse than for nonsmokers. Studies reveal that smokers experience a significantly lower reduction in pocket depth compared to nonsmokers as well as less bone growth after treating infra-bony defects with guided tissue regeneration. The relative risk of implant failure is significantly higher in patients who smoke 20 cigarettes or more per day compared to nonsmokers. Additionally, smoking has also been shown to increase postoperative wound dehiscence and infection rates following sinus floor elevation. Longitudinal studies on smoke cessation have shown a reduction in bone loss and probing depths for periodontitis patients after cessation compared to those who smoke. CONCLUSION Smoking cessation can reduce probing depths and improve clinical attachment after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. There is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of smoking on peri-implantitis, as well as the loss of implants in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steph Smith
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alshehri
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Almas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Priya H, Deb Barma M, Purohit BM, Agarwal D, Bhadauria US, Tewari N, Gupta S, Mishra D, Morankar R, Mathur VP, Duggal R. Global Status of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Tobacco Cessation Interventions Among Dental Professionals: A Systematic Review. Tob Use Insights 2022; 15:1179173X221137218. [PMID: 36601000 PMCID: PMC9806401 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x221137218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, globally the use of tobacco has decreased notably, although, it still requires efforts at individual, organizational, community level to decrease the rate further. Dental professionals are at an excellent position to provide tobacco cessation counselling and interventions, however, it is not practiced much due to lack of training and lack of knowledge. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the global status of knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions among dental professionals. MATERIALS AND METHOD A systematic search of 6 databases with no language restriction since 2000 was undertaken. Studies were included if they assessed knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions among dental professionals using a validated or prevalidated tool. The data obtained for assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice, curriculum and barriers were represented through heatmaps. Quality assessment of the studies was done using Newcastle Ottawa scale. RESULTS Fifty six studies were included in this systematic review. Majority of the studies were found to be of moderate quality. Knowledge regarding the tobacco cessation interventions was more theoretical than practical. All the studies showed a favorable attitude among dental professionals towards tobacco cessation intervention. CONCLUSION The included studies lack homogeneity in assessing knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions. The development and validation of a standardized questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions could be a potentially effective way to uniformly gather data on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Priya
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India.,Harsh Priya, Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, 110029, CDER, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Manali Deb Barma
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharathi M Purohit
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Agarwal
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Upendra Singh Bhadauria
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Morankar
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Public Health
Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. National Oral Health
Program, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Pedodontics
and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral Medicine
and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Division of Oral
Pathology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India. Chief, Centre for Dental
Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New Delhi, India
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4
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He H, Pan Z, Wu J, Hu C, Bai L, Lyu J. Health Effects of Tobacco at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: Results From the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:864-870. [PMID: 34928373 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose was to quantify the health effects of tobacco using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. AIMS AND METHODS We collected detailed information on tobacco consumption overall as well as its individual aspects (smoking, secondhand smoke, and chewing tobacco) for the deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for all-cause disease, cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and chronic respiratory diseases, and their age-standardized rates (ASRs). RESULTS Tobacco was responsible for 8.71 million deaths and 229.77 million DALYs globally in 2019. The ASRs of all tobacco-related deaths and DALYs declined from 1990 to 2019, to 108.55 deaths per 100 000 population and 2791.04 DALYs per 100 000 population in 2019. During any year the ASRs of all tobacco-related deaths and DALYs were higher in males than in females. The ASRs of all tobacco-related deaths and DALYs were highest in countries with a low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI) and lowest in high-SDI countries in 2019. Cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and chronic respiratory diseases were the three leading causes of tobacco-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Although the ASRs of deaths and DALYs related to tobacco have declined, the absolute number remain high. Tobacco control policies need to be strengthened further in order to reduce the heavy health burden of tobacco. IMPLICATIONS This study provides a detailed description on the health effects of tobacco, including maps of the current global burden of tobacco-related disease. Although the ASRs of tobacco-related deaths and DALYs have declined, the absolute numbers remain high-tobacco was responsible for 8.71 million deaths and 229.77 million DALYs globally in 2019. The findings may have implications for tobacco control. Countries where progress has been slower in reducing tobacco-related disease burden should study and consider implementing policies and strategies that have been applied in countries like Singapore which show the greatest declines for recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong He
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanyu Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Hodovanyi OV. NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENT AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF EFFECTIVE PERIODONTAL DISEASES PREVENTION MEASURES. BULLETIN OF PROBLEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2022-3-166-523-539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Gianos E, Jackson EA, Tejpal A, Aspry K, O'Keefe J, Aggarwal M, Jain A, Itchhaporia D, Williams K, Batts T, Allen KE, Yarber C, Ostfeld RJ, Miller M, Reddy K, Freeman AM, Fleisher KE. Oral health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A review. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 7:100179. [PMID: 34611631 PMCID: PMC8387275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is common in the US and globally. Evidence suggests that poor oral health is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD); however, this relationship has not been a major focus in clinical cardiology. This manuscript will review the growing evidence linking PD to ASCVD, including pathophysiologic mechanisms and coexistent risk factors. Public health considerations with a focus on disparities, social determinants, preventive strategies, and a call to action to reduce the burden of coincident ASCVD and PD are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gianos
- Division of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Jackson
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Astha Tejpal
- Division of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karen Aspry
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, and Division of Cardiology, Brown University, Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - James O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MI, United States
| | - Monica Aggarwal
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ankur Jain
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dipti Itchhaporia
- Jeffrey M. Carlton Heart & Vascular Institute, Hoag Memorial Hospital, Newport Beach, CA, United States
| | - Kim Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Travis Batts
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kathleen E Allen
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NY, United States
| | - Clark Yarber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Robert J Ostfeld
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Koushik Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, James A. Haley VA Medical Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Andrew M Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Kenneth E Fleisher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
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Bendotti H, McGowan K, Lawler S. Utilisation of a brief tobacco smoking cessation intervention tool in public dental services. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 32 Suppl 2:367-377. [PMID: 33314415 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Dental practitioners have an important opportunity to promote smoking cessation. This study aimed to determine how many smokers attended West Moreton Oral Health Service (WMOHS), completion rates for the standardised Smoking Cessation Pathway, and smoking cessation practices, confidence levels and attitudes of dental practitioners in WMOHS. METHODS A mixed-methods approach collected clinical and demographic data from a retrospective audit of WMOHS reports from 1 August 2017 to 31 July 2019 and a cross-sectional survey of WMOHS dental practitioners. Logistic regression models determined factors associated with smoking status and delivery of the Pathway. RESULTS Over 24 months, 14,919 courses of care (COC) were completed. Twenty-five percent of patients identified as current smokers. The Pathway was delivered in 54% (n = 1999) of smokers' COC, which was significantly associated with patient age (aOR 0.99 [CI 0.99, 0.99; P < .001]), Indigenous status (aOR 1.47 [CI 1.05, 2.08; P =.02]) and high socio-economic status (aOR 1.41 [CI 1.06, 1.88; P =.02]). Practitioners identified lack of time and training as the main barriers to Pathway completion. CONCLUSIONS High-risk populations for tobacco use are frequently utilising WMOHS, however not all patients who smoke received smoking cessation support. Understanding and addressing barriers to smoking cessation promotion in oral health care settings may improve general and oral health outcomes for patients. SO WHAT?: Targeted training and utilisation of team-based models of care may better enhance delivery and uptake of the Pathway within the public dental setting, thus improving services to a high-need population and reducing smoking rates in priority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Bendotti
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kelly McGowan
- West Moreton Oral Health Service, Queensland Health, Ipswich, Qld, Australia
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Chaffee BW, Couch ET, Vora MV, Holliday RS. Oral and periodontal implications of tobacco and nicotine products. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:241-253. [PMID: 34463989 PMCID: PMC8444622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use contributes to more mortality and morbidity globally than any other behavioral risk factor. Adverse effects do not spare the oral cavity, with many oral diseases more common, and treatments less successful, in the tobacco-using patient. Many of the oral health effects of cigarette smoking are well established, but other forms of tobacco, including cigars and smokeless tobacco, merit dental professionals' attention. Recently, an expanding variety of new or emerging tobacco and/or nicotine products has been brought to market, most prominently electronic cigarettes, but also including heated tobacco and other noncombustible nicotine products. The use of cannabis (marijuana) is increasing and also has risks for oral health and dental treatment. For the practicing periodontist, and all dental professionals, providing sound patient recommendations requires knowledge of the general and oral health implications associated with this wide range of tobacco and nicotine products and cannabis. This review provides an overview of selected tobacco and nicotine products with an emphasis on their implications for periodontal disease risk and clinical management. Also presented are strategies for tobacco use counselling and cessation support that dental professionals can implement in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Chaffee
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Couch
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manali V. Vora
- Division of Periodontology, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard S. Holliday
- NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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9
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Patil S, Baeshen HA. Aqueous extract of tobacco induces mitochondrial potential dependent cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gingival epithelial cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4613-4618. [PMID: 34354447 PMCID: PMC8324949 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco habits are detrimental to oral health. A correlation between tobacco use and local epithelial tissue damage exists. Yet, the underlying cellular mechanism is not precisely characterized. This study assessed the dose-dependent action of Smokeless tobacco extract on gingival epithelial cells. Gingival tissue was taken from 5 healthy donors. Gingival epithelial cells were isolated by an enzymatic method and cultured up to passage 2. The cultured cells were treated with smokeless tobacco extract at 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% volume concentration. After 48 h of incubation, MTT assay, Annexin V/PI assay, and DiIC1(5) assay were used to evaluate viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial potential of the cells. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of BAX, BCL2, ECAD, NCAD, and TWIST. The Smokeless tobacco extract reduced cell viability by disrupting the mitochondrial potential and inducing apoptosis. Further, the Smokeless tobacco extract induced a dose-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in gingival epithelial cells. Apoptotic cellular death caused by tobacco extract on the gingival epithelial system was dependant on the mitochondrial potential of the cell. The results demonstrate that smokeless tobacco causes detrimental metabolic alterations of the periodontium. Featured application This study elucidates the mechanism by which Smokeless tobacco products cause cellular damage to the gingival epithelium. The use of Smokeless tobacco products can lead to major cellular and surface changes in the gingiva and its appearance. The consequences of these changes are not limited to oral cancer but also increases a person's risk for dental and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Goel D, Chaudhary PK, Khan A, Patthi B, Singla A, Malhi R, Gambhir RS. Acquaintance and Approach in the Direction of Tobacco Cessation Among Dental Practitioners-A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 33312476 PMCID: PMC7716613 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_316_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, tobacco consumption has become one of the major public health problems and is the leading cause of escapable illness and death. A significant role is played by dental professionals in the identification of smokers; they are, thus, in a better position to offer preventive care. The aim of the present study was to systemically review the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners toward tobacco cessation. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed Central and Cochrane Library, Medline—PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar up to 2018 to identify appropriate studies. Full-text original research articles of the cross-sectional design were only included in the study. Our target was to systemically review the knowledge and attitude of dental practitioners toward tobacco cessation. Results: The present review included a total of nine articles (studies) that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Two articles which were hand searched and one article which was obtained through contact with experts were included. The results of the review revealed that the dental practitioners in most of the included studies lack satisfactory knowledge and were unaware of existing referral pathways to specialist smoking cessation services. At the same time, most of the dentists have a positive attitude toward tobacco cessation. Conclusions: Dental professionals are aware of their obligations toward smoking cessation counseling for patients but certain barriers including lack of time, confidence, and training prevent them from practicing the same in their daily routine. The dental professionals should obtain appropriate training and attain knowledge along with quantifiable skills for the prevention and cessation of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Goel
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambar Khan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Basavaraj Patthi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Singla
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravneet Malhi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh Gambhir
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
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11
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Dikilitas¸ A, Karaaslan F, Yig˘it U. The Association Between Oral Hygiene Behavior and Gingival Health Status with the Stage and Grade of Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820939810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the association between teeth brushing (TB) and interdental cleansing (IDC) frequency changes with gingival health status and the stage and grade of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of clinical examination and questionnaires. The questionnaires include demographic information and oral hygiene (TB and IDC) behavior. More than 18-year-old participants who underwent a periodontal treatment were randomly included. 548 individuals were classified as gingival healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis according to the 2017 classification system. The degree of periodontitis was based on stage and grade systems. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The highest TB frequency (twice daily) was the highest in patients with gingivitis (83.7%) followed by healthy patients (82.9%) and patients with stage I periodontitis (52.2%). Compared to those who performed IDC daily, 18.9% of patients were healthy and 8.1% had stage II periodontitis. There was a statistically significant association between the oral hygiene behavior and periodontal health status of participants. Statistically significant association was seen between the TB and IDC with stage-grade of periodontitis. When the TB and IDC scores of different grade groups were compared at the same stage level, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: This study showed that periodontal health status was positively correlated with TB and IDC frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahu Dikilitas¸
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karaaslan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Umut Yig˘it
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
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12
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Abstract
Upwards of 1 in 10 adults worldwide may be affected by severe periodontitis, making the disease more prevalent than cardiovascular disease. Despite its global scope, its impact on pain, oral function, and the wellbeing of individuals, and the disproportionate burden of disease and the socioeconomic impact on communities, the perception that periodontal disease is a public health problem remains low. Although there have been substantial improvements in our understanding of the etiology of periodontal disease and how we can prevent and control it, these advances have been primarily focused on individual, patient-focused approaches. The prevention of periodontal disease depends on improving currently available individual interventions and on determining what public health interventions can be effective and sustainable under real-life conditions. Currently, public health approaches for periodontal disease prevention and control are lacking. This review traces the historical strategies for prevention of periodontal disease in an epidemiologic transition context, using a modified model developed for cardiovascular disease, and presents a possible public health approach. Improving periodontal disease prevention and control will need to take into consideration the core activities of a public health approach: assessment, policy development, and assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekar Janakiram
- National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce A Dye
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Polak D, Wilensky A, Antonoglou GN, Shapira L, Goldstein M, Martin C. The efficacy of pocket elimination/reduction compared to access flap surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47 Suppl 22:303-319. [PMID: 31912516 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the efficacy and adverse effects of resective surgery compared to access flap in patients with periodontitis. METHODS Randomized controlled trials with a follow-up ≥6 months were identified in ten databases. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers. The primary outcome was probing pocket depth, and the main secondary outcome was clinical attachment level. Data on adverse events were collected. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize the findings of trials. RESULTS A total of 880 publications were identified. Fourteen publications from nine clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Meta-analysis was carried out using all available results. The results indicated superior pocket depth reduction following resective surgery compared to access flap after 6-12 months of follow-up (weighted mean difference 0.47 mm; confidence interval 0.7-0.24; p = .010). After 36-60 months of follow-up, no differences were found between the two treatments in pocket depth and attachment level. The prevalence of adverse effects was not different between the groups. Post-operative recession tended to be more severe for the resective approaches. CONCLUSION Resective surgical approach was superior to access flap in reducing pocket depth 6-12 months post-surgery, while no differences between the two modalities were found at 36-60 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Periodontology), The Hebrew University - Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaf Wilensky
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Periodontology), The Hebrew University - Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Lior Shapira
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Periodontology), The Hebrew University - Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldstein
- Faculty of Dental Medicine (Periodontology), The Hebrew University - Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Verma SK, Kumar BD, Singh S, Kumari P, Agarwal A, Singh TK, Passi D, Goyal J. Effect of gutkha chewing on periodontal health and oral hygiene of peoples in Delhi NCR region of North India: A cross-sectional multicentered study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:564-567. [PMID: 30984673 PMCID: PMC6436307 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_439_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In India, gutkha is popular among all socioeconomic groups, since it is available easily and is of less cost. Various investigations have demonstrated the relationship of gutkha biting with periodontal status and oral hygiene. Aim The aim of this study is to assess the effect of gutkha chewing on periodontal health and oral hygiene of patients attending the dental department in India. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional investigation was directed among 200 patients going to dental camps. Among them, 100 were gutkha chewers and 100 were smokers. The oral hygiene status of selected patients was determined by using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Various periodontal parameters like a gingival recession, clinical attachment loss, mobility, and furcation were used to evaluate the periodontal status. Data were collected and analyzed with the help of SPSS software version 20. Result Among the 200 subjects, 102 were males and 78 were females. In 100 gutkha chewers, 67% were male and 33% were females. About 68% gutkha chewers showed poor oral hygiene as compared to nonchewers (41%). The values of all the periodontal parameters were significantly higher in gutkha smokers compared to nonchewers. Conclusion Gutkha chewing has a strong effect on oral hygiene. The findings can contribute to the evidence of smokeless tobacco (gutkha) as a risk factor for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Verma
- Department of Periodontics, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Barun Dev Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Periodontics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anurag Agarwal
- Department of Periodontics, Maharana Pratap Dental College and Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Passi
- Department of Dentistry, Subdivisional Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jyoti Goyal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Pérez-López D, Otero-Rey EM, García-García A, Blanco-Carrión A. Knowledge About the Relation Between Tobacco and Disease and the Attitude Toward Advising the Cessation of Its Consumption Among a Group of Spanish Dental Students. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:145-153. [PMID: 28889345 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the developed world. Smoking is associated with a large number of oral pathologies, such as cancer and periodontitis. Dental professionals can play a key role in preventing these health problems. The objectives of this study were (1) to analyze tobacco consumption habits among a group of Spanish dental students, and (2) to assess their knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes regarding procedures to help patients quit smoking. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Santiago de Compostela (Galicia, Spain). Three validated questionnaires were distributed, and the obtained data was processed using SPSS. One hundred twenty out of 220 surveys were completed. Of the students, 18.3% were smokers and the average number of smoked cigarettes per day was 7.5. Tobacco dependence and the intention to give up the habit were low (Fagerström Test) and doubtful (Richmond test), respectively. The majority of students (94.2%) considered it appropriate to promote tobacco use cessation (TUC) activities. A great divergence of criteria regarding tobacco-associated pathologies was found among courses. This article provides positive data about the motivation of dental students to implement TUC strategies. Nevertheless, the usefulness of these interventions makes it necessary to modify the university curricula in order to improve the education on this issue to reduce the incidence of future health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Ismael Lorenzo-Pouso
- Master in Medical-Surgical Dental Pathology and Integral Dentistry, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Unit of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-López
- Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva María Otero-Rey
- Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Unit of Oral medicine, Oral surgery and Implantology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés Blanco-Carrión
- Unit of Oral medicine, Oral surgery and Implantology, Medicine and Dentistry School, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Graziani F, Karapetsa D, Alonso B, Herrera D. Nonsurgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis: how many options for one disease? Periodontol 2000 2018; 75:152-188. [PMID: 28758300 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of periodontitis aims at preventing further disease progression with the intentions to reduce the risk of tooth loss, minimize symptoms and perception of the disease, possibly restore lost periodontal tissue and provide information on maintaining a healthy periodontium. Therapeutic intervention includes introduction of techniques to change behavior, such as: individually tailored oral-hygiene instructions; a smoking-cessation program; dietary adjustment; subgingival instrumentation to remove plaque and calculus; local and systemic pharmacotherapy; and various types of surgery. No single treatment option has shown superiority, and virtually all types of mechanical periodontal treatment benefit from adjunctive antimicrobial chemotherapy. Periodontal treatment, because of the chronic nature of periodontitis, is a lifelong commitment to intricate oral-hygiene techniques, which, when properly implemented, will minimize the risk of disease initiation and progression.
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17
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Alexandridi F, Tsantila S, Pepelassi E. Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:140-149. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Alexandridi
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - S Tsantila
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - E Pepelassi
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
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18
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Diniz-Freitas M, Insua A, Keat R, Fricain JC, Catros S, Monteiro L, Silva L, Lodi G, Pispero A, Albuquerque R. Web-Based Information on the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence for Oral Health Professionals: Analysis of English-Written Websites. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e349. [PMID: 29054831 PMCID: PMC5670309 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have been conducted on the content and quality of Web-based information for patients who are interested in smoking cessation advice and for health care practitioners regarding the content of e-learning programs about tobacco cessation. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no such information about the quality of Web-based learning resources regarding smoking cessation dedicated to oral health professionals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the quality of the content of webpages providing information about smoking cessation for oral health care professionals. METHODS Websites were identified using Google and Health on Net (HON) search engines using the terms: smoking cessation OR quit smoking OR stop smoking OR 3As OR 5As OR tobacco counselling AND dentistry OR dental clinic OR dentist OR dental hygienist OR oral health professionals. The first 100 consecutive results of the 2 search engines were considered for the study. Quality assessment was rated using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and the HON seal. In addition, smoking cessation content on each site was assessed using an abbreviated version of the Smoke Treatment Scale (STS-C) and the Smoking Treatment Scale-Rating (STS-R). To assess legibility of the selected websites, the Flesch Reading Ease (FRES) and the Flesch-Kinkaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL) were used. Websites were also classified into multimedia and nonmultimedia and friendly and nonfriendly usability. RESULTS Of the first 200 sites selected (100 of Google and 100 of HON), only 11 met the inclusion criteria and mainly belonged to governmental institutions (n=8), with the others being prepared by Professional Associations (n=2) and nonprofit organizations (n=1). Only 3 were exclusively dedicated to smoking cessation. The average score obtained with the DISCERN was 3.0, and the average score in the FKRGL and FRES was 13.31 (standard deviation, SD 3.34) and 40.73 (SD 15.46), respectively. Of the 11 websites evaluated, none achieved all the four JAMA benchmarks. The mean score of STS-R among all the websites was 2.81 (SD 0.95) out of 5. A significant strong positive correlation was obtained between the DISCERN mean values and the STS-R (R=.89, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS The mean quality of webpages with information for oral health care professionals about smoking cessation is low and displayed a high heterogeneity. These webpages are also difficult to read and often lack multimedia resources, which further limits their usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Diniz-Freitas
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group (OMEQUI), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Insua
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ross Keat
- Birmingham Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sylvain Catros
- Department of Dentistry, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luis Monteiro
- Department of Medicine and Oral Surgery, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Luis Silva
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pispero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rui Albuquerque
- Birmingham Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Motivational interventions: The tobacco-using periodontal patient: role of the dental practitioner in tobacco cessation and periodontal disease management. Br Dent J 2016; 221:62. [PMID: 27444596 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2016.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
These authors are equivocal about the role that electronic cigarettes have in smoking cessation, although do concede it is 'possible that electronic cigarettes could mitigate poor outcomes in nicotine-addicted periodontal patients'.
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20
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Ryder MI, Armitage GC. Minimally invasive periodontal therapy for general practitioners. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:7-9. [PMID: 27045427 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There remains a high prevalence of mild-to-moderate forms of periodontal diseases in both developed and developing countries. Although many periodontal specialty practices currently place strong emphasis on implant surgery, periodontal plastic surgery and esthetics, general dentists and hygienists have often assumed more responsibility than periodontal specialty practices for the diagnosis, treatment, assessment and maintenance, and possible referral, of their patients. To address these current trends and challenges, this volume of Periodontology 2000 presents a series of topics on the basic biological principles of periodontal disease, as well as on approaches to diagnosis, treatment planning and treatment, in what is called 'conservative' or 'noninvasive' periodontal therapy. These topics include risk assessment of the periodontal condition; reduction, elimination and/or control of etiologies and risk factors, including mechanical, antimicrobial and host-modulation approaches; considerations for evaluation of clinical outcomes based on treatment approaches; and selected topics in laser therapy, halitosis and gingival recession.
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