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Bendotti H, Ireland D, Lawler S, Oates D, Gartner C, Marshall HM. Introducing Quin: The Design and Development of a Prototype Chatbot to Support Smoking Cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:612-620. [PMID: 37936253 PMCID: PMC11033568 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chatbots emulate human-like interactions and may usefully provide on-demand access to tailored smoking cessation support. We have developed a prototype smartphone application-based smoking cessation chatbot, named Quin, grounded in real-world, evidence-, and theory-based smoking cessation counseling sessions. METHODS Conversation topics and interactions in Quitline counseling sessions (N = 30; 18 h) were characterized using thematic, content, and proponent analyses of transcripts. Quin was created by programming this content using a chatbot framework which interacts with users via speech to text. Reiterative changes and additions were made to the conversation structure and dialogue following regular consultation with a multidisciplinary team from relevant fields, and from evidence-based resources. RESULTS Chatbot conversations were encoded into initial and scheduled follow-up "appointments." Collection of demographic information, and smoking and quit history, informed tailored discussion about pharmacotherapy preferences, behavioral strategies, and social and professional support to form a quit plan. Follow-up appointments were programmed to check in on user progress, review elements of the quit plan, answer questions, and solve issues. Quin was programmed to include teachable moments and educational content to enhance health literacy and informed decision-making. Personal agency is encouraged through exploration and self-reflection of users' personal behaviors, experiences, preferences, and ideas. CONCLUSIONS Quin's successful development represents a movement toward improving access to personalized smoking cessation support. Qualitative foundations of Quin provide greater insight into the smoking cessation counseling relationship and enhances the conversational ability of the technology. The prototype chatbot will be refined through beta-testing with end users and stakeholders prior to evaluation in a clinical trial. IMPLICATIONS Our novel study provides transparent description of the translation of qualitative evidence of real-world smoking cessation counseling sessions into the design and development of a prototype smoking cessation chatbot. The successful iterative development of Quin not only embodies the science and art of health promotion, but also a step forward in expanding the reach of tailored, evidence based, in-pocket support for people who want to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Bendotti
- Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Ireland
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Oates
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry M Marshall
- Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
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Powell P, Lawler S, Durham J, Cullerton K. The rewards US university students associate with campus dining halls and food choices. J Am Coll Health 2024; 72:694-704. [PMID: 35348417 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2054279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the rewards university students associate with two key decisions shaping food choices. Participants: Thirty-eight university students. Methods: In this exploratory research, we conducted focus groups to identify the rewards students associated with choosing to eat at the campus dining hall and their specific food choices within that venue. We also obtained feedback on reward nomenclatures identified via a content analysis of health and business literature. Results: Students primarily chose the dining hall due to its convenience, foods offered, and the social aspects of the venue. Rewards associated with food choice included freshness, customization, variety, local foods, healthy foods, convenience, and portion size. Nomenclatures were relevant and meaningful. Conclusions: These students associate food choice decisions with rewards. Universities should consider whether dining halls and menu items link healthy foods to the rewards prioritized by students. Reward nomenclatures may be useful for researchers investigating the drivers of food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Powell
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jo Durham
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Bendotti H, Lawler S, Gartner C, Ireland D, Marshall HM. Smoking Cessation Counseling in Practice: A Qualitative Analysis of Quitline Conversations in Queensland, Australia. Health Educ Behav 2024; 51:43-53. [PMID: 37846946 PMCID: PMC10785561 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231206068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Telephone-based services are a practical and effective behavioral support for smoking cessation, yet no in-depth analyses of this counseling have been conducted. Understanding the general content of Quitline conversations can help to improve current practices and may inform future interventions. Therefore, we aimed to independently explore conversation themes, topics, and client questions during Quitline counseling sessions with Quitline clients in Queensland, Australia. A purposive sample of 30 recorded counseling sessions, completed between January and March 2019, were de-identified, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Seven themes, encompassing 35 topics, were derived from 26 initial calls and four follow-up calls: (1) Client details and building rapport; (2) Client history and motivation to quit; (3) Pharmacotherapy; (4) Behavioral aspects of quitting and relationship with smoking; (5) Understanding nicotine dependence and other important considerations; (6) Additional support and smoking cessation resources; and (7) Planning, goal setting and follow-up. Three themes emerged from 18 client questions including (1) Pharmacotherapy safety and contraindications; (2) Pharmacotherapy instructions and mechanism of action; and (3) Physiology of nicotine dependence. This is the first qualitative analysis of the content of Quitline counseling sessions in Australia. Counselors collect and deliver a breadth of information to provide tailored, evidence-based health care, while building rapport and trust. Findings may be translatable into personalized self-help interventions that are more accessible or appealing to people reluctant to contact Quitline. Harnessing educational opportunities regarding pharmacotherapy adherence and misconceptions can improve client confidence in the product and smoking cessation outcomes. Further research will map conversations to motivational interviewing and behavior change techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Bendotti
- Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - David Ireland
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry M. Marshall
- Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
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Khan A, Green K, Khandaker G, Lawler S, Gartner C. A case study of an academic-stakeholder partnership: Evaluation of the '10 000 Lives' smoking cessation health promotion program. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:842-847. [PMID: 36537863 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED In Australia, smoking prevalence is higher in regional areas than in metropolitan cities; Central Queensland, a central-east district of Queensland, has substantially higher smoking rates than the state average. In November 2017, Central Queensland Public Health Unit (CQPHU) launched the '10 000 Lives' initiative to reduce the smoking prevalence in the region. The initiative partnered with local hospitals and community organisations to increase the uptake of interventions like Quitline in the region. Evaluating a program like '10 000 Lives' is critical for evidence-based health promotion practice. CQPHU partnered with a large metropolitan Australian university to evaluate the '10 000 Lives' through a scheme that provided a stipend for a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) student. METHODS This narrative report describes the experience of evaluating '10 000 Lives' in a collaborative partnership between CQPHU and the public health academia. RESULTS A PhD student was recruited to join this collaboration, and both developed a program logic model and completed a process and impact evaluation. This evaluation provided an ideal 'living' case study to embed in the Master of Public Health curriculum and provided the PhD student with teaching experience delivering a demonstration of public health in practice. CONCLUSION The collaboration project was highly successful, exemplifying research, learning and practical integration for all partners. SO WHAT?: The partnership demonstrated how universities can work with government health agencies to build practice-based evidence, and importantly give public health students authentic learning opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifuzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Kalie Green
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Goodman A, Mahoney R, Spurling G, Lawler S. Influencing Factors to mHealth Uptake With Indigenous Populations: Qualitative Systematic Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e45162. [PMID: 37351947 PMCID: PMC10337452 DOI: 10.2196/45162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advancements and abundance of mobile phones and portable health devices have created an opportunity to use mobile health (mHealth) for population health systems. There is increasing evidence for the feasibility and acceptance of mHealth with Indigenous populations. Providing a synthesis of qualitative findings of mHealth with Indigenous populations will gain insights into the strengths and challenges to mHealth use in Indigenous populations. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify and synthesize qualitative data pertaining to the experiences and perceptions of mHealth from the perspectives of end users (patients and service providers) living in the colonial settler democracies of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, the Pacific Islands, and the Sápmi region of northern Europe. METHODS In May 2021, systematic searches of peer-reviewed, scientific papers were conducted across the 5 databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Qualitative or mixed method studies were included where a mHealth intervention was the primary focus for responding to health challenges with Indigenous populations. Two authors independently screened papers for eligibility and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A meta-aggregative approach was used to analyze the findings of included studies. RESULTS Seventeen papers met the eligibility criteria, 8 studies with patients, 7 studies with service providers, and 2 studies that included both patients and service providers. Studies were conducted in Australia (n=10), Canada (n=2), New Zealand (n=2), Papua New Guinea (n=1), the United States (n=1), and Samoa (n=1). Our interpretation of these qualitative findings shows commonalities between Indigenous patients' and service providers' perceptions of mHealth. We summarize our findings in six themes: (1) mHealth literacy, (2) mHealth as a facilitator for connection and support, (3) mHealth content needed to be culturally relevant, (4) mHealth security and confidentiality, (5) mHealth supporting rather than replacing service providers, and (6) workplace and organizational capacity. CONCLUSIONS This research suggests that mHealth can meet the needs of both patients and service providers when the mHealth intervention is culturally relevant, accounts for digital and health literacy, incorporates interactive components, is supported by workplaces, fits into health provider workflows, and meets security and confidentiality standards. Future mHealth research with Indigenous populations should partner with key representatives (eg, patients, service providers, and executive leaders) in the mHealth design appropriate to the purpose, people, setting, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Goodman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Turrbal, Jagera Country, Herston, Australia
- Australian eHealth Research Centre (AEHRC), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Turrbal, Jagera Country, Herston, Australia
| | - Ray Mahoney
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Spurling
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Turrbal, Jagera Country, Herston, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Turrbal, Jagera Country, Herston, Australia
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Cameron LD, Lawler S, Robbins-Hill A, Toor I, Brown PM. Political views, health literacy, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors: A moderated mediation model. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115672. [PMID: 36764089 PMCID: PMC9884608 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 requires that people understand the need for and engage in protective behaviors. Given the complexity and rapid progression of media information about the pandemic, health literacy could be essential to acquiring the accurate beliefs, concern for societal risks, and appreciation of restrictive policies needed to motivate these behaviors. Yet with the increasingly politicized nature of COVID-related issues in the United States, health literacy could be an asset for those with more liberal views but less so for those with more conservative views. OBJECTIVE This study tested a hypothesized model proposing that political views moderate the associations of health literacy with COVID-19 protective behaviors as well as the mediational roles of accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes. METHODS We surveyed residents in three diverse regions of California in June 2020 (N = 669) and February 2021 (N = 611). Participants completed measures of health literacy, political views, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors. RESULTS Moderated mediational analyses largely supported the proposed model with both samples. Health literacy was associated with more accurate COVID-19 beliefs, less inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, greater concern for societal risks, more positive attitudes regarding restrictive government control, more protective behavior, less risky behavior, and stronger vaccine intentions; beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes mediated the health literacy-behavior relationships. As predicted, however, these associations of health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors varied according to political views. The direct and mediated relationships were held for participants with more liberal views and, to a lesser extent, for those with moderate views, but they were weaker or absent for participants with more conservative views. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute new evidence of processes linking health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors and how social and political contexts can shape those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Imrinder Toor
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Paul M Brown
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, USA
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Bendotti H, Lawler S, Chan GCK, Gartner C, Ireland D, Marshall HM. Conversational artificial intelligence interventions to support smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231211634. [PMID: 37928336 PMCID: PMC10623979 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231211634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conversational artificial intelligence (chatbots and dialogue systems) is an emerging tool for tobacco cessation that has the potential to emulate personalised human support and increase engagement. We aimed to determine the effect of conversational artificial intelligence interventions with or without standard tobacco cessation interventions on tobacco cessation outcomes among adults who smoke, compared to no intervention, placebo intervention or an active comparator. Methods A comprehensive search of six databases was completed in June 2022. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials published since 2005. The primary outcome was sustained tobacco abstinence, self-reported and/or biochemically validated, for at least 6 months. Secondary outcomes included point-prevalence abstinence and sustained abstinence of less than 6 months. Two authors independently extracted data on cessation outcomes and completed the risk of bias assessment. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Results From 819 studies, five randomised controlled trials met inclusion criteria (combined sample size n = 58,796). All studies differed in setting, methodology, intervention, participants and end-points. Interventions included chatbots embedded in multi- and single-component smartphone apps (n = 3), a social media-based (n = 1) chatbot, and an internet-based avatar (n = 1). Random effects meta-analysis of three studies found participants in the conversational artificial intelligence enhanced intervention were significantly more likely to quit smoking at 6-month follow-up compared to control group participants (RR = 1.29, 95% CI (1.13, 1.46), p < 0.001). Loss to follow up was generally high. Risk of bias was high overall. Conclusion We found limited but promising evidence on the effectiveness of conversational artificial intelligence interventions for tobacco cessation. Although all studies found benefits from conversational artificial intelligence interventions, results should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity. Given the rapid evolution and potential of artificial intelligence interventions, further well-designed randomised controlled trials following standardised reporting guidelines are warranted in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Bendotti
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Ireland
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry M Marshall
- Faculty of Medicine, Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
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Khan A, Green K, Medlin L, Khandaker G, Lawler S, Gartner C. Impact of the '10,000 lives' program on Quitline referrals, use and outcomes by demography and Indigenous status. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1499-1509. [PMID: 35830355 PMCID: PMC9796440 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In November 2017, Central Queensland Public Health Unit launched the '10,000 Lives' initiative to reduce smoking prevalence in Central Queensland. The program partnered with local champions and other programs (e.g. 'Deadly Choices') to promote the use of smoking cessation services (e.g. Quitline) in Central Queensland. This study assesses the program's impact on Quitline use by participant demographics and Indigenous status. METHODS We compared the number of referred individuals who participated in and completed the Quitline program, and quit smoking during 26-months before (July 2015 to August 2017) and after (November 2017 to December 2019) the '10,000 Lives' launch. We conducted an interrupted time series analysis of monthly referrals to and use of Quitline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. RESULTS Overall, 3207 individuals were referred to Quitline during the 26-months-post-launch compared to 1594 during 26-months-pre-launch period of '10,000 Lives'. The number of referred individuals who completed Quitline program increased by 330.7% and quit smoking by 308.3% in post-launch period. The increase was substantially higher among aged 45+ years, females and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The result for referrals and use of Quitline was validated by interrupted time series analysis for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The '10,000 Lives' collaborative approach to partner with local champions and targeted smoking cessation programs was effective in increasing the use of Quitline and smoking cessation among all demographic groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This approach can be used in other regions to address higher smoking prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifuzzaman Khan
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,Central Queensland Public Health UnitCentral Queensland Hospital and Health ServiceRockhamptonAustralia
| | - Kalie Green
- Central Queensland Public Health UnitCentral Queensland Hospital and Health ServiceRockhamptonAustralia
| | - Linda Medlin
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and WellbeingCentral Queensland Hospital and Health ServiceRockhamptonAustralia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,Central Queensland Public Health UnitCentral Queensland Hospital and Health ServiceRockhamptonAustralia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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Shelley K, Osborne NJ, Reid S, Willemsen A, Lawler S. Student reflections on an interdisciplinary pandemics course utilising systems thinking. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 33 Suppl 1:87-97. [PMID: 36053921 PMCID: PMC9805047 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED The complexity and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need to change training of public health professionals in higher education by shifting from siloed specialisations to interdisciplinary collaboration. At the end of 2020 and 2021, public health professionals collaboratively designed and delivered, a week-long intensive course-Public Health in Pandemics. The aim of this research study was to understand whether the use of systems thinking in the design and delivery of the course enabled students to grasp the interdisciplinary nature of contemporary health promotion and public health practice. RESEARCH METHODS Two focus group interviews (n = 5 and 3/47) and a course opinion survey (n = 11/47) were utilised to gather information from students regarding experiences and perceptions of course design and delivery, and to determine if students felt better able to understand the complex nature of pandemics and pandemic responses. MAJOR FINDINGS Students provided positive feedback on the course and believed that the course design and delivery assisted in understanding the complex nature of health problems and the ways in which health promotion and public health practitioners need to work across sectors with diverse disciplines for pandemic responses. CONCLUSIONS The use of an integrated interdisciplinary approach to course design and delivery enabled students used systems thinking to understand the complexity in preparing for and responding to a pandemic. This approach may have utility in preparing an agile, iterative and adaptive health promotion and public health workforce more capable of facing the challenges and complexity in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Shelley
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Nicholas J. Osborne
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,School of Population HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia,European Centre for Environment and Human HealthUniversity of ExeterTruroUK
| | - Simon Reid
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Angela Willemsen
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
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10
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Wamamili B, Gartner C, Lawler S. Factors associated with support for reducing and ending tobacco sales among university students in Queensland, Australia and New Zealand. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:477-481. [PMID: 35616405 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the factors associated with support for reducing tobacco retail availability and ending the legal sale of cigarettes in Australia and New Zealand (NZ). METHODS Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in NZ (eight universities, n=1,932) and Queensland (University of Queensland or UQ, n=5,172). Participants were asked how much they agreed or disagreed with reducing the number of places allowed to sell cigarettes/tobacco and ending the legal sale of cigarettes within 10 years. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed associations between support with student characteristics. RESULTS More than half the respondents in both samples supported reducing the number of tobacco outlets (NZ 69.3%; UQ 62.3%), and ending the legal sale of cigarettes within 10 years (NZ 53.3%; UQ 51.6%) with marginally more support among NZ students. Men and students who smoked or vaped had lower odds of supporting both strategies compared with women and non-users. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest widespread support for reducing tobacco retail availability among university students in NZ and Queensland, and sex, and smoking and vaping status were strong predictors for support. Around half supported phasing out tobacco sales within 10 years. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Collaborative research should be encouraged to enhance cross-country approaches on tobacco control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wamamili
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
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11
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Khan A, Green K, Smoll N, Khandaker G, Gartner C, Lawler S. Roles, experiences, and perspectives of the stakeholders of "10,000 Lives" smoking cessation initiative in Central Queensland: findings from an online survey during COVID-19 situation. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 33 Suppl 1:316-326. [PMID: 35322498 PMCID: PMC9087515 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Issue addressed The “10,000 Lives” initiative was launched in Central Queensland in November 2017 to reduce daily smoking prevalence to 9.5% by 2030 by promoting available smoking cessation interventions. One of the main strategies was to identify and engage possible stakeholders (local champions for the program) from hospitals and community organisations to increase conversations about smoking cessation and referrals to Quitline. We aimed to understand the roles, experiences and perceptions of stakeholders (possible champions for delivering smoking cessation support) of the “10,000 Lives” initiative in Central Queensland, Australia. Methods We conducted a mixed‐method online survey during the COVID‐19 situation (23 June 2020 to 22 August 2020) with a cross‐section of possible stakeholders who were targeted for involvement in “10, 000 Lives” using a structured questionnaire with mostly closed‐ended questions. Questions were asked regarding their roles, experiences and perceptions about smoking cessation and “10,000 Lives”. Results Among the 110 respondents, 52 (47.3%) reported having provided smoking cessation support, including referral to Quitline, brief intervention and promoting existing interventions. Among them (n = 52), 31 (59.6%) were from hospitals and health services, 14 (26.9%) were from community services and three (5.8%) were from private medical practices while four of them did not report their setting. Twenty‐five respondents (22.7%) self‐identified as being directly involved with the “10, 000 Lives” initiative, which significantly predicted provision of smoking cessation support (OR 6.0, 95% CI: 2.1‐19.8). However, a substantial proportion (63.5%) of those (n = 52) who reported delivering cessation support did not identify as contributing to “10,000 Lives”. Conclusions Stakeholders from hospitals, health services and community services are the main providers of smoking cessation support in Central Queensland. More could be done to support other stakeholders to feel confident about providing cessation support and to feel included in the initiative. So what? Engaging with a range of stakeholders is critical for health promotion program success, to further develop the program and to ensure its sustainability. As such, funding needs to be allocated to the activities that enable this process to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifuzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Kalie Green
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Nicolas Smoll
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Braima K, Harvie S, Trew I, Tan H, Gore C, Zahedi A, Oskam C, Lawler S, Reid S, Ryan U. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Towards Cryptosporidium Among Public Swimming Pool Patrons and Staff in Western Australia. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:460-467. [PMID: 34713427 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a dearth of research conducted on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of swimming pool patrons and staff to determine their understanding of the importance of Cryptosporidium and its transmission in swimming pools. METHODS We conducted a KAP survey of public swimming pool patrons (n = 380) and staff (n = 40) attending five public swimming pools in Western Australia (WA). RESULTS Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Cryptosporidium varied between patrons and staff but were generally limited. Only 26.1% and 25.0% of patrons and staff had heard of Cryptosporidium, while 17.4% and 10.0% knew that it causes diarrhoea, respectively. Thirty-one percent of patrons were aware of their pool policy concerning gastroenteritis and Cryptosporidium, compared to 62.5% of staff. Less than 50% of patrons demonstrated awareness of how features within the pool environment were relevant to the control of Cryptosporidium. Only about a third of patrons (35%) and staff (37.5%) were aware that showering before swimming reduced the risk of gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION Raising awareness about hygiene-related practices through the delivery of targeted health education messages to the general public is essential to reduce the burden of Cryptosporidium infections in aquatic environments.
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13
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Bendotti H, McGowan K, Lawler S. Utilisation of a brief tobacco smoking cessation intervention tool in public dental services. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 32 Suppl 2:367-377. [PMID: 33314415 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Dental practitioners have an important opportunity to promote smoking cessation. This study aimed to determine how many smokers attended West Moreton Oral Health Service (WMOHS), completion rates for the standardised Smoking Cessation Pathway, and smoking cessation practices, confidence levels and attitudes of dental practitioners in WMOHS. METHODS A mixed-methods approach collected clinical and demographic data from a retrospective audit of WMOHS reports from 1 August 2017 to 31 July 2019 and a cross-sectional survey of WMOHS dental practitioners. Logistic regression models determined factors associated with smoking status and delivery of the Pathway. RESULTS Over 24 months, 14,919 courses of care (COC) were completed. Twenty-five percent of patients identified as current smokers. The Pathway was delivered in 54% (n = 1999) of smokers' COC, which was significantly associated with patient age (aOR 0.99 [CI 0.99, 0.99; P < .001]), Indigenous status (aOR 1.47 [CI 1.05, 2.08; P =.02]) and high socio-economic status (aOR 1.41 [CI 1.06, 1.88; P =.02]). Practitioners identified lack of time and training as the main barriers to Pathway completion. CONCLUSIONS High-risk populations for tobacco use are frequently utilising WMOHS, however not all patients who smoke received smoking cessation support. Understanding and addressing barriers to smoking cessation promotion in oral health care settings may improve general and oral health outcomes for patients. SO WHAT?: Targeted training and utilisation of team-based models of care may better enhance delivery and uptake of the Pathway within the public dental setting, thus improving services to a high-need population and reducing smoking rates in priority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Bendotti
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kelly McGowan
- West Moreton Oral Health Service, Queensland Health, Ipswich, Qld, Australia
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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14
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Khan A, Green K, Khandaker G, Lawler S, Gartner C. The impact of a regional smoking cessation program on referrals and use of Quitline services in Queensland, Australia: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2021; 14:100210. [PMID: 34671751 PMCID: PMC8484894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking in Central Queensland (CQ), Australia was higher than the state and national averages. A regional smoking cessation initiative ("10,000 Lives") was launched to promote available interventions (e.g., Quitline). We investigated the impact of "10,000 Lives" on referral to and use of Quitline services. METHODS We conducted an interrupted time series analysis using a segmented Poisson regression model to measure the impact of "10,000 Lives" on monthly referrals to, and use of Quitline services (counselling sessions and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) dispatched by Quitline), in CQ compared to other areas in the state (control population). The control population included all regional areas in Queensland with a comparable smoking prevalence to CQ and similar access to Quitline's Intensive Quit Support Program. We calculated the changes in level and trend of outcomes in CQ relative to the change in the control area during the post-launch period of "10,000 Lives". The models were checked for autocorrelation and seasonality and adjusted accordingly. FINDINGS After the introduction of "10,000 Lives", the mean monthly rate per 1,000 smoking population increased in the intervention area for each outcome; e.g., from 3.3 to 10.8 for referrals to Quitline, from 1.6 to 4.4 for initial counselling session completed. These results were validated by the controlled interrupted time series analysis which showed relative increases for each of these outcomes (238•5% for monthly rate of referral to Quitline per 1,000 smoking population and 248•6% for monthly rate of initial counselling sessions completed per 1,000 smoking population). INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates a locally coordinated health promotion initiative can promote and boost the referral to, and use of Quitline smoking cessation services. FUNDING The research is funded by a collaborative research grant between School of Public Health at University of Queensland and Central Queensland Public Health Unit which is awarded by the Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service (CQHHS93907). The lead author (AK) is supported by a University of Queensland Research Training Scholarship and a Research Higher Degree Top-up Scholarship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifuzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Kalie Green
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
- Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
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15
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Bendotti H, Lawler S, Ireland D, Gartner C, Hides L, Marshall H. What do people want in a smoking cessation app? An analysis of user reviews and app quality. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:169-177. [PMID: 34460922 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mobile smoking cessation (mCessation) apps have the potential to complement and enhance existing interventions, but many are of low quality. Exploring app reviews can provide a broader understanding of user experiences and engagement, to enhance the quality, acceptability and effectiveness of future developments. METHODS Publicly available user reviews and ratings of smoking cessation apps were mined from Google Play TM and the App Store ® via a targeted two-stage search strategy. English language smoking cessation apps with at least 20 consumer reviews between 2011 and 2020 were included. User reviews were thematically analysed using Braun & Clarke's framework. Apps were independently scored using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS) and compared to average user star ratings. RESULTS Forty-eight versions of 42 apps, encompassing 1,414 associated reviews, met eligibility criteria. Inductive coding of reviews produced 1,084 coding references including reviews coded across multiple nodes. Themes generated included: (1) supportive characteristics/tools; (2) useability; (3) influence on smoking behaviour; (4) benefits of quitting; and (5) role as a supplementary tool for quitting. The mean MARS score of 36 free and accessible apps was 3.10 (SD 0.71) with mean scores ranging from 2.00 to 4.47. An inverse relationship between MARS scores and average user star ratings was observed . CONCLUSIONS App personalisation, relationality, functionality and credibility were important to users, and should be considered as key design components for future apps. Differences between user star ratings and MARS scores may illustrate competing priorities of consumers and researchers, and the importance of a co-design development method. IMPLICATIONS This is the first study to use unsolicited user reviews from a large population to understand the general mCessation user experience in relation to making a quit attempt. Our findings highlight specific features favoured and disliked by users, including their influence on engagement, and supports previous findings that mCessation applications need to be highly tailorable, functional, credible and supportive. We recommend a consumer-driven, co-design approach for future mCessation app developments to optimise user acceptability and engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Bendotti
- Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Ireland
- The Australian eHealth Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry Marshall
- Thoracic Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland Health
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16
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Gall A, Butler TL, Lawler S, Garvey G. Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine use among Indigenous peoples with diabetes in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:664-671. [PMID: 34028943 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to describe traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM) use among Indigenous peoples with diabetes from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States (US). METHODS A systematic search following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses) statement guidelines was conducted. Data were analysed using meta-aggregation. RESULTS Thirteen journal articles from 12 studies across Australia, Canada and the US were included in the review (no articles from New Zealand were identified). Indigenous peoples used various types of TCIM alongside conventional treatment for diabetes, particularly when conventional treatment did not meet Indigenous peoples' holistic understandings of wellness. TCIM provided opportunities to practice important cultural and spiritual activities. While TCIM was often viewed as an effective treatment through bringing balance to the body, definitions of treatments that comprise safe and effective TCIM use were lacking in the articles. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent use of TCIM and conventional treatments is common among Indigenous peoples with diabetes, but clear definitions of safe and effective TCIM use are lacking. Implications for public health: Healthcare providers should support Indigenous peoples to safely and effectively treat diabetes with TCIM alongside conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gall
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
| | - Tamara L Butler
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Gail Garvey
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Queensland
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17
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Khan A, Green K, Khandaker G, Lawler S, Gartner C. How can a coordinated regional smoking cessation initiative be developed and implemented? A programme logic model to evaluate the '10,000 Lives' health promotion initiative in Central Queensland, Australia. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044649. [PMID: 33771827 PMCID: PMC8006850 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study used a programme logic model to describe the inputs, activities and outputs of the '10,000 Lives' smoking cessation initiative in Central Queensland, Australia. DESIGN A programme logic model provided the framework for the process evaluation of '10,000 Lives'. The data were collected through document review, observation and key informant interviews and subsequently analysed after coding and recoding into classified themes, inputs, activities and outputs. SETTING The prevalence of smoking is higher in the Central Queensland region of Australia compared with the national and state averages. In 2017, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services set a target to reduce the percentage of adults who smoke from 16.7% to 9.5% in the Central Queensland region by 2030 as part of their strategic vision ('Destination 2030'). Achieving this target is equivalent to 20,000 fewer smokers in Central Queensland, which should result in 10,000 fewer premature deaths due to smoking-related diseases. To translate this strategic goal into an actionable smoking cessation initiative, the '10,000 Lives' health promotion programme was officially launched on 1 November 2017. RESULT The activities of the initiative coordinated by a senior project officer included building clinical and community taskforces, organising summits and workshops, and regular communications to stakeholders. Public communication strategies (e.g., Facebook, radio, community exhibitions of '10,000 Lives' and health-related events) were used to promote available smoking cessation support to the Central Queensland community. CONCLUSION The '10,000 Lives' initiative provides an example of a coordinated health promotion programme to increase smoking cessation in a regional area through harnessing existing resources and strategic partnerships (e.g., Quitline). Documenting and describing the process evaluation of the '10,000 Lives' model is important so that it can be replicated in other regional areas with high prevalence of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifuzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kalie Green
- Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Wamamili B, Lawler S, Wallace-Bell M, Gartner C, Sellars D, Grace RC, Courtney R, Coope P. Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use among university students in Queensland, Australia and New Zealand: results of two cross-sectional surveys. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041705. [PMID: 33563621 PMCID: PMC7875298 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the patterns of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use (vaping), the perceived harm of e-cigarettes compared with tobacco cigarettes, and associations between smoking and vaping with student characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional studies. SETTING The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia and eight New Zealand (NZ) universities. PARTICIPANTS Students at UQ: 4957 (70.8% aged <25 years, 63.0% women) and NZ: 1854 (82.5% aged <25 years, 60.1% women). METHODS Χ2 tests compared smoking by age and gender, and vaping by age, gender and smoking status. Two-sided p<0.05 was considered significant and 95% CIs reported where appropriate. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between smoking and vaping (exclusive smoking, exclusive vaping, dual use and non-use) with age, gender and student type (domestic vs international). RESULTS Smoking (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 45.2% (43.8% to 46.6%) vs 50.0% (47.7% to 52.3%), current 8.9% (8.1% to 9.7%) vs 10.4% (9.1% to 11.9%) and daily 5.2% (4.6% to 5.8%) vs 5.6% (4.6% to 6.7%), and not smoking in indoor 98.3% vs 87.7% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 83.8% vs 65.3%.Vaping (UQ vs NZ, 95% CI): ever 20.9% (19.8% to 22.1%) vs 37.6% (35.4% to 39.9%), current 1.8% (1.5% to 2.2%) vs 6.5% (5.4% to 7.7%) and daily 0.7% (0.5% to 1.0%) vs 2.5% (1.9% to 3.4%), and not vaping in indoor 91.4% vs 79.6% or outdoor smoke-free spaces 84.4% vs 71.3%. Of respondents, 71.7% (70.3% to 73.2%) vs 75.3% (72.9% to 77.6%) perceived e-cigarettes as less harmful than tobacco cigarettes.Men were more likely than women to smoke and vape, and to believe that e-cigarettes are less harmful. Regression models containing all predictors for smoking and vaping were significant and the effect of gender was significant for dual use, exclusive smoking and exclusive vaping (all p<0.01). Men had higher odds for smoking, vaping or dual use. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest significant differences in patterns of smoking and vaping of university students in Australia and NZ, and a strong influence of gender on smoking and vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wamamili
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Wallace-Bell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Sellars
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Randolph C Grace
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ryan Courtney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pat Coope
- College of Education, Health and Human Development, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Khan A, King C, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Khandaker G, Lawler S, Gartner C. Development of an Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) of interventions to increase smoking cessation: A study protocol. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:44. [PMID: 33083677 PMCID: PMC7549522 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Smoking remains one of the leading risk factors contributing to the global burden of disease. Sub-optimal implementation of evidence-based tobacco control and smoking cessation practice is a major challenge despite a substantial evidence base for interventions to increase smoking cessation globally. We aim to develop an Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) to collate the existing evidence and identify the gap in research on interventions to increase smoking cessation worldwide. A conceptual framework was developed followed by the formulation of a search strategy with key search terms and search period (1970 – date of search). The search will be conducted in relevant bibliographic databases (e.g. MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS), systematic reviews databases (e.g. Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs systematic reviews, EPPI-Reviewer) and impact evaluation databases (e.g. 3ie Impact Evaluation repository and Cochrane tobacco addiction group specialized register) with support from a research librarian. Subsequently, two coders will screen and retrieve systematic reviews and individual impact evaluation studies. The adapted SURE (Supporting the Use of Research Evidence) checklist will be used to evaluate the quality of the included systematic reviews. A narrative synthesis from the systematic review findings and line listing of the impact evaluations will form the basis of this EGM. The EGM report will be presented in an interactive visual format. The proposed EGM will organise the pieces of evidence generated in systematic reviews and impact evaluations on smoking cessation interventions and identify the current research gaps, if any. The findings will inform evidence-based practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifuzzaman Khan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Catherine King
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K M Saif-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan.,Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Gulam Khandaker
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Central Queensland Public Health Unit, Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Nepal S, Stapinski L, Newton N, Grummitt L, Lawler S, Guckel T, Lynch S, Chapman C, Teesson M. Positive Choices: Addressing the evidence-practice gap in alcohol and other drug prevention. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use during adolescence puts young people at risk of juvenile offending, poor educational outcomes, school dropout, and mental health issues. Since parents and school teachers are the primary source of contact for adolescents, it is important that they are equipped with accurate and up-to-date response strategies. There are a number of effective drug prevention strategies, however, they are not widely implemented.
Description of the practice
To address this evidence-practice gap, the Positive Choices initiative was launched in 2015. Positive Choices supports implementation of evidence-based and prevention strategies through provision of training and a centralised information and resources portal for young people, their parents and teachers. The portal contains information factsheets and webinars and was developed in consultation with AOD experts and target users. Drug education resources and curriculum programs meeting pre-specified criteria for relevance, quality and evidence-base are listed in the resources database.
Results
Positive Choices has been accessed by one-million Australian and international users. The most popular resources are videos, factsheets, webinars. In 2019, 71% parents and 65% teachers said that they would continue using the website. Half (54%) of school staff were not currently implementing evidence-based prevention strategies, of these 89% intended to shift to evidence-based practice after using Positive Choices. The majority of the users have said they would recommend the website to their colleagues and friends.
Lessons
Positive Choices is effective in changing users' intentions to implement evidence-based strategies. Drug education programs need to engage parents and teachers if they are to be effective.
Key messages
Positive Choices has increased users’ awareness of evidence-based prevention strategies. Positive Choices has increased users’ intentions to implement evidence-based prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nepal
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - L Stapinski
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - N Newton
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - L Grummitt
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - S Lawler
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - T Guckel
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - S Lynch
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - C Chapman
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - M Teesson
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health & Substance Use, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
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21
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Bruning-Richardson A, Sanganee H, Barry S, Tams D, Brend T, King H, Morton R, Ward T, Steele L, Shaw G, Esteves F, Droop A, Lawler S, Short S. PL3.6 Targeting GSK-3 activity promotes mitotic catastrophe via centrosome destabilisation and enhances the effect of radiotherapy in glioma models. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Targeting kinases as regulators of cellular processes that drive cancer progression is a promising approach to improve patient outcome in GBM management. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) plays a role in cancer progression and is known for its pro-proliferative activity in gliomas. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of the GSK-3 inhibitor AZD2858 were assessed in relevant in vitro and in vivo glioma models to confirm GSK-3 as a suitable target for improved single agent or combination treatments.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The immortalised cell line U251 and the patient derived cell lines GBM1 and GBM4 were used in in vitro studies including MTT, clonogenic survival, live cell imaging, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to assess the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of AZD2858. Observed anti-proliferative effects were investigated by microarray technology for the identification of target genes with known roles in cell proliferation. Clinical relevance of targeting GSK-3 with the inhibitor either for single agent or combination treatment strategies was determined by subcutaneous and orthotopic in vivo modelling. Whole mount mass spectroscopy was used to confirm drug penetration in orthotopic tumour models.
RESULTS
AZD2858 was cytotoxic at low micromolar concentrations and at sub-micromolar concentrations (0.01 - 1.0 μM) induced mitotic defects in all cell lines examined. Prolonged mitosis, centrosome disruption/duplication and cytokinetic failure leading to cell death featured prominently among the cell lines concomitant with an observed S-phase arrest. No cytotoxic or anti-proliferative effect was observed in normal human astrocytes. Analysis of the RNA microarray screen of AZD2858 treated glioma cells revealed the dysregulation of mitosis-associated genes including ASPM and PRC1, encoding proteins with known roles in cytokinesis. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect of AZD2858 was also confirmed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic in vivo models. In addition, combination treatment with AZD2858 enhanced clinically relevant radiation doses leading to reduced tumour volume and improved survival in orthotopic in vivo models.
CONCLUSION
GSK-3 inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor AZD2858 led to cell death in glioma stem cells preventing normal centrosome function and promoting mitotic failure. Normal human astrocytes were not affected by treatment with the inhibitor at submicromolar concentrations. Drug penetration was observed alongside an enhanced effect of clinical radiotherapy doses in vivo. The reported aberrant centrosomal duplication may be a direct consequence of failed cytokinesis suggesting a role of GSK-3 in regulation of mitosis in glioma. GSK-3 is a promising target for combination treatment with radiation in GBM management and plays a role in mitosis-associated events in glioma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Barry
- Astra Zeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Tams
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T Brend
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - H King
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - R Morton
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - T Ward
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - L Steele
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - G Shaw
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - F Esteves
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A Droop
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - S Lawler
- Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Short
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Willemsen A, Cobbold R, Gibson J, Wilks K, Lawler S, Reid S. Infection control practices employed within small animal veterinary practices-A systematic review. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:439-457. [PMID: 31152501 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective infection control (IC) provides a safe environment for staff, clients and animals of veterinary practices by reducing the risk of nosocomial and zoonotic infections, which are associated with increased hospital stays, costs, morbidity and mortality. An equally important issue arising from nosocomial infection is the loss of trust between the client and the veterinary practice that has potential negative impacts on the veterinary practice in terms of economic risk and the well-being of staff. Furthermore, an emerging and significant threat, in this context, is antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this systematic review was to critically review published reports that documented current IC practices and evaluated interventions to improve IC practices. A systematic literature search using ten databases to identify papers published over a 20-year period (February 1996 to February 2016) was conducted for studies that met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were assessed using the PRISMA and STROBE-Vet statements. A total of 14 of 1,615 identified studies met our inclusion criteria. Infection control practices included hand hygiene, sharps handling, environmental cleaning, personal protective equipment and personnel vaccination. Descriptive studies were the predominant research design for assessing IC compliance. Only three studies were interventions. Compliance with IC protocols was poor and only marginally increased with multimodal educational campaigns. There was significant variation in the implementation of IC by veterinary staff. Workplaces that had IC policies, management support and a staff member supporting their implementation were more likely to embrace good IC. Infection control data in veterinary practices were inconsistently reported and collected. Clearly defining IC and determining prevalence of these practices within the veterinary field is important given the limited research in this area. Further, developing and implementing educational campaigns for this sector is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Willemsen
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rowland Cobbold
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Justine Gibson
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Wilks
- Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Reid
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Powell PK, Durham J, Lawler S. Food Choices of Young Adults in the United States of America: A Scoping Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:479-488. [PMID: 31093651 PMCID: PMC6520045 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding food choice is critical to developing effective health promotion efforts to counter the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although physiologic, environmental, and social factors influence the development of health conditions, routine decisions, such as food choice, also contribute substantially over time. Behavioral scientists believe that these routine decisions represent a key opportunity to improve population health. We conducted a scoping review of both health and business literature to identify themes in the food choices of young adults aged 19-24 y in the United States. Informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute processes for scoping reviews, we conducted a structured search of 8 health and business databases on 18 April 2017. The databases were PubMed, Business Source Complete, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and ABI/Inform Collection. Eligible literature captured real-world dietary choices of the general population of young adults between 1 January, 2007 and 31 December, 2017. Records were screened in Covidence. Data was extracted into Excel and key findings thematically analyzed. The search returned 9085 records. Ninety-nine records met the eligibility criteria. Themes identified in the foods chosen by young adults include inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, choosing international flavors and food formats, convenience foods, frequent snacking, the selection of healthy foods based on perceptions of what is healthy rather than the nutrient or calorie content of foods, an interest in sustainable production methods, the desire to customize/tailor foods, foods young people find interesting, and regional foods. This research identified common food choices that can help inform the tailoring of health promotion efforts; however, more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and principles shaping these choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Powell
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Jo Durham
- School of Public Health and Social Work, The Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Hernandez Silva E, Lawler S, Langbecker D. The effectiveness of mHealth for self-management in improving pain, psychological distress, fatigue, and sleep in cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Cancer Surviv 2019; 13:97-107. [PMID: 30635865 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-018-0730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrating mHealth into the cancer care continuum may be an effective strategy to improve cancer survivorship care by supporting self-management. We aim to assess the effectiveness of mHealth applications (apps) for self-management in improving pain, psychological distress, fatigue, or sleep outcomes in adult cancer survivors. METHODS Experimental quantitative studies evaluating apps aiming to support self-management for adult cancer survivors and reporting pain, psychological distress, fatigue, or sleep outcomes were included. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception through December 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (PROSPERO registration number CRD42017081182). RESULTS Seven studies of six mHealth interventions (n = 949 participants) were included. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one quasi-RCT, one non-RCT, and three single-arm studies involved survivors with a mix of cancer types. The most common app features were symptom questionnaires (n = 5) and progress tracking (n = 5). Four studies reported outcomes for pain, with three showing improvements. Two studies reported psychological distress outcomes, showing mixed results. Four studies reported improvements in fatigue post-intervention or in the intervention compared with control group, but the changes were not all statistically significant. Two studies reported improvements in sleep outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging evidence that mHealth interventions that support self-management can improve pain and fatigue outcomes in cancer survivors, and some promise for psychological distress and sleep outcomes. Further development and investigation of mHealth is needed, incorporating targeted, evidence-based models of care into app design. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS mHealth interventions can improve outcomes for cancer survivors and have significant potential to benefit this growing population due to their reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hernandez Silva
- Centre for Online Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danette Langbecker
- Centre for Online Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Gall A, Leske S, Adams J, Matthews V, Anderson K, Lawler S, Garvey G. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use Among Indigenous Cancer Patients in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States: A Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2018; 17:568-581. [PMID: 29779402 PMCID: PMC6142081 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418775821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer 'patients' are increasingly using traditional indigenous and complementary medicines (T&CM) alongside conventional medical treatments to both cure and cope with their cancer diagnoses. To date T&CM use among Indigenous cancer patients from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States has not been systematically reviewed. METHODS We systematically searched bibliographic databases to identify original research published between January 2000 and October 2017 regarding T&CM use by Indigenous cancer patients in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Data from records meeting eligibility criteria were extracted and appraised for quality by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS Twenty-one journal articles from 18 studies across all 4 countries met our inclusion criteria. T&CM use ranged from 19% to 57.7% (differing across countries). T&CM was mostly used concurrently with conventional cancer treatments to meet their spiritual, emotional, social, and cultural needs; however, bush, traditional, and herbal medicines were used in a minority of cases as an alternative. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of T&CM use to Indigenous cancer patients across these 4 countries; we identified multiple perceived spiritual, emotional and cultural benefits to its use. The patient's perception of their health professional's attitudes toward T&CM in some cases hindered or encouraged the patient's disclosure. Additional research is required to further explore the use and disclosure of T&CM among Indigenous cancer patients to help inform and ensure effective, safe, coordinated care for Indigenous cancer patients that relies on shared open decision making and communication across patients, communities, and providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gall
- 1 Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Leske
- 1 Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jon Adams
- 2 University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Veronica Matthews
- 3 University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Anderson
- 1 Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gail Garvey
- 1 Charles Darwin University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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26
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Krenzlin H, Grauwet K, Behara1 P, Griessl M, Gutknecht M, Cook CH, Chiocca AE, Lawler S. P08.30 CMV infection influences paracrine interactions in the glioblastoma microenvironment and amplifies the angiogenic phenotype. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Ricklefs FL, Speranza MC, Hayes J, Balaj L, Breakefield XO, Bronisz A, Carter B, Freeman G, Lawler S, Chiocca EA. P06.07 Immune evasion mediated by PD-L1 on glioblastoma derived extracellular vesicles. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Levesley J, Steele L, Brüning-Richardson A, Davison A, Zhou J, Lawler S, Short SC. P11.15 Selective inhibition of BCL-XL increases sensitivity of pediatric tumour models to the anti-mitotic agent MLN8237. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Mentzer G, Packard K, Holcomb R, Stachura J, Lawler S, Montoya G, Wardyn A. Impact of a Comprehensive Heart Failure Self-Care Review. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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30
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Ryan U, Lawler S, Reid S. Limiting swimming pool outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis - the roles of regulations, staff, patrons and research. J Water Health 2017; 15:1-16. [PMID: 28151435 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is the leading cause of swimming pool outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Transmission occurs through the ingestion of oocysts that are passed in the faeces of an infected person or animal when an accidental faecal release event occurs. Cryptosporidium parasites present specific challenges for infection control as oocysts are highly resistant to chlorine levels used for pool disinfection, infected individuals can shed large numbers of oocysts, there is a long incubation period and shedding of oocysts occurs even after symptom resolution. The purposes of this review are to identify key barriers to limiting swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis and to outline needs for research and collaboration to advance co-ordinated management practices. We reviewed swimming pool-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, disinfection teachniques, current regulations and the role of staff and patrons. Key barriers to limiting swimming pool-associated outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis are a lack of uniform national and international standards, poor adherence and understanding of regulations governing staff and patron behaviour, and low levels of public knowledge and awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Ryan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia E-mail:
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Simon Reid
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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31
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Reeves M, Winkler E, Mccarthy N, Lawler S, Terranova C, Hayes S, Janda M, Demark-Wahnefried W, Eakin E. The Living Well after Breast Cancer™ Pilot Trial: a weight loss intervention for women following treatment for breast cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2016; 13:125-136. [PMID: 27863058 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Obesity is associated with poor prognosis and risk of treatment side-effects in breast cancer survivors. This pilot study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, safety and efficacy of a telephone-delivered weight loss intervention, among women (BMI 25-40 kg/m2 ) following treatment for stage I-III breast cancer, on weight loss (primary outcome), quality of life and treatment-related side-effects (vs usual care). METHODS Ninety women (mean ± SD age: 55.3 ± 8.7years; BMI: 31.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2 ; 15.9 ± 2.9 months postdiagnosis), recruited from a state-based cancer registry, were randomized to a weight loss (diet and physical activity) intervention (n = 45) or usual care (n = 45). Data collected at baseline and 6 months included weight, body composition, quality of life, fatigue and body image. Acceptability and satisfaction were assessed in intervention participants. RESULTS Oncologists provided consent to contact 82.6% of patients, with 84.1% of those women contacted and eligible consenting to participate. Compared with usual care, mean weight loss was significantly greater in the intervention arm (-3.1 kg [95% CI, -5.4 to -0.7]; -3.7% baseline weight [95% CI, -6.6 to -0.9]), as were reductions in fat mass (-2.1 kg [95% CI, -4.2 to -0.1]) and waist circumference (-4.0 cm [95% CI, -6.6 to -1.3]). No other statistically significant intervention effects were observed. Participants were highly satisfied with the intervention overall and it is timing in relation to diagnosis/treatment. One reported adverse event (musculoskeletal injury) was attributable to the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This weight loss intervention was feasible, acceptable, safe and effective for women 1-2 years after a breast cancer diagnosis. The effect of weight loss on quality of life and treatment-related side-effects should be examined further in fully-powered studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reeves
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Winkler
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Mccarthy
- Icon Cancer Care, Wesley, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline Terranova
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandi Hayes
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Eakin
- The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Gunturu S, Lawler S. A Quality Improvement Initiative – Increasing Cardiometabolic Risk Screening In Adult Outpatient Psychiatry Clinics. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the USA, People with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) die 25 years earlier than the general population! Sixty percent of the increased mortality is due to cardiovascular disease. In NYS, type 2 diabetes is twice as common in people with mental illness on Medicaid compared to the general Medicaid population. In a study of over 10,000 clients with schizophrenia or depression, 52% had metabolic syndrome, and 92% had at least one risk factor. Forty-three percent of clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) participants had metabolic syndrome on enrollment.In this quality improvement project, we worked on 3348 adult outpatient psychiatry patients, used techniques like FOCUS-PDCA, brain storming, root cause analysis to address cardiometabolic risk screening and reducing the risk among these patients. We used interventions like prescriber and patient education, streamlining the cardiovascular screening process in the clinic and multidisciplinary team discussions. We collected and analyzed data regarding clinical characteristics of such patients before and after the clinical interventions. HEDIS scores were used to measure the outcomes of the project.In this talk, we want to discuss about quality improvement projects – the methods and processes involved. Also, we wanted to give a glimpse of our project – the plan, work flow processing and the data.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Cho CF, Viapiano M, Chiocca EA, Lawler S. NT-08 * A NOVEL HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE DESIGNED TO ACCELERATE THE DISCOVERY OF GLIOBLASTOMA-TARGETING LIGANDS FROM OBOC LIBRARIES. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou265.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hayes J, Thygesen H, Droop A, Boissinot M, Bellamy C, Hughes T, Westhead D, Shaw L, Wurdak H, Lawler S, Short S. BI-11 * PROGNOSTIC microRNAS IN MALIGNANT GLIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou239.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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36
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Tams DM, Murray C, Barry ST, Lawler S, Bruning-Richardson A, Short S. OP33 * GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE INHIBITORS REDUCE 3D MIGRATION OF PATIENT DERIVED GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME STEM CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou251.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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37
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Chiocca EA, Price RL, Hollon T, Alvarez-Breackenridge C, Fernandez S, Oglesbee M, Cook C, Lawler S, Kwon CH. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS CONTRIBUTES TO GLIOBLASTOMA IN THE CONTEXT OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MUTATIONS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou206.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Neuhaus M, Healy GN, Fjeldsoe BS, Lawler S, Owen N, Dunstan DW, LaMontagne AD, Eakin EG. Iterative development of Stand Up Australia: a multi-component intervention to reduce workplace sitting. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:21. [PMID: 24559162 PMCID: PMC3936706 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sitting, particularly in prolonged, unbroken bouts, is widespread within the office workplace, yet few interventions have addressed this newly-identified health risk behaviour. This paper describes the iterative development process and resulting intervention procedures for the Stand Up Australia research program focusing on a multi-component workplace intervention to reduce sitting time. Methods The development of Stand Up Australia followed three phases. 1) Conceptualisation: Stand Up Australia was based on social cognitive theory and social ecological model components. These were operationalised via a taxonomy of intervention strategies and designed to target multiple levels of influence including: organisational structures (e.g. via management consultation), the physical work environment (via provision of height-adjustable workstations), and individual employees (e.g. via face-to-face coaching). 2) Formative research: Intervention components were separately tested for their feasibility and acceptability. 3) Pilot studies: Stand Up Comcare tested the integrated intervention elements in a controlled pilot study examining efficacy, feasibility and acceptability. Stand Up UQ examined the additional value of the organisational- and individual-level components over height-adjustable workstations only in a three-arm controlled trial. In both pilot studies, office workers’ sitting time was measured objectively using activPAL3 devices and the intervention was refined based on qualitative feedback from managers and employees. Results Results and feedback from participants and managers involved in the intervention development phases suggest high efficacy, acceptance, and feasibility of all intervention components. The final version of the Stand Up Australia intervention includes strategies at the organisational (senior management consultation, representatives consultation workshop, team champions, staff information and brainstorming session with information booklet, and supportive emails from managers to staff), environmental (height-adjustable workstations), and individual level (face-to-face coaching session and telephone support). Stand Up Australia is currently being evaluated in the context of a cluster-randomised controlled trial at the Department of Human Services (DHS) in Melbourne, Australia. Conclusions Stand Up Australia is an evidence-guided and systematically developed workplace intervention targeting reductions in office workers’ sitting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Neuhaus
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Dunstan DW, Wiesner G, Eakin EG, Neuhaus M, Owen N, LaMontagne AD, Moodie M, Winkler EAH, Fjeldsoe BS, Lawler S, Healy GN. Reducing office workers' sitting time: rationale and study design for the Stand Up Victoria cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1057. [PMID: 24209423 PMCID: PMC3828481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive time spent in sedentary behaviours (sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Desk-based office workers typically accumulate high amounts of daily sitting time, often in prolonged unbroken bouts. The Stand Up Victoria study aims to determine whether a 3-month multi-component intervention in the office setting reduces workplace sitting, particularly prolonged, unbroken sitting time, and results in improvements in cardio-metabolic biomarkers and work-related outcomes, compared to usual practice. Methods/Design A two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT), with worksites as the unit of randomization, will be conducted in 16 worksites located in Victoria, Australia. Work units from one organisation (Department of Human Services, Australian Government) will be allocated to either the multi-component intervention (organisational, environmental [height-adjustable workstations], and individual behavioural strategies) or to a usual practice control group. The recruitment target is 160 participants (office-based workers aged 18–65 years and working at least 0.6 full time equivalent) per arm. At each assessment (0- [baseline], 3- [post intervention], and 12-months [follow-up]), objective measurement via the activPAL3 activity monitor will be used to assess workplace: sitting time (primary outcome); prolonged sitting time (sitting time accrued in bouts of ≥30 minutes); standing time; sit-to-stand transitions; and, moving time. Additional outcomes assessed will include: non-workplace activity; cardio-metabolic biomarkers and health indicators (including fasting glucose, lipids and insulin; anthropometric measures; blood pressure; and, musculoskeletal symptoms); and, work-related outcomes (presenteeism, absenteeism, productivity, work performance). Incremental cost-effectiveness and identification of both workplace and individual-level mediators and moderators of change will also be evaluated. Discussion Stand Up Victoria will be the first cluster-RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of a multi-component intervention aimed at reducing prolonged workplace sitting in office workers. Strengths include the objective measurement of activity and assessment of the intervention on markers of cardio-metabolic health. Health- and work-related benefits, as well as the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, will help to inform future occupational practice. Trial registration ACTRN1211000742976
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Healy GN, Eakin EG, Lamontagne AD, Owen N, Winkler EAH, Wiesner G, Gunning L, Neuhaus M, Lawler S, Fjeldsoe BS, Dunstan DW. Reducing sitting time in office workers: short-term efficacy of a multicomponent intervention. Prev Med 2013; 57:43-8. [PMID: 23597658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the short-term efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to reduce office workers' sitting time. METHODS Allocation for this non-randomized controlled trial (n=43 participants; 56% women; 26-62 years; Melbourne, Australia) was by office floor, with data collected during July-September 2011. The 4-week intervention emphasized three key messages: "Stand Up, Sit Less, Move More" and comprised organizational, environmental, and individual elements. Changes in minutes/day at the workplace spent sitting (primary outcome), in prolonged sitting (sitting time accumulated in bouts ≥ 30 min), standing, and moving were objectively measured (activPAL3). RESULTS Relative to the controls, the intervention group significantly reduced workplace sitting time (mean change [95%CI]: -125 [-161, -89] min/8-h workday), with changes primarily driven by a reduction in prolonged sitting time (-73 [-108, -40] min/8-h workday). Workplace sitting was almost exclusively replaced by standing (+127 [+92, +162] min/8-h workday) with non-significant changes to stepping time (-2 [-7, +4] min/8-h workday) and number of steps (-70 [-350, 210]). CONCLUSIONS This multicomponent workplace intervention demonstrated that substantial reductions in sitting time are achievable in an office setting. Larger studies with longer timeframes are needed to assess sustainability of these changes, as well as their potential longer-term impacts on health and work-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve N Healy
- The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Brisbane, Australia.
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Wang Y, Nowicki MO, Wang X, Arnold WD, Fernandez SA, Mo X, Wechuk J, Krisky D, Goss J, Wolfe D, Popovich PG, Lawler S, Chiocca EA. Comparative effectiveness of antinociceptive gene therapies in animal models of diabetic neuropathic pain. Gene Ther 2013; 20:742-50. [PMID: 23235561 PMCID: PMC5771489 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain is one of the most common and debilitating complications of diabetes. Several genes have been shown to be effective in reducing neuropathic pain in animal models of diabetes after transfer to the dorsal root ganglion using replication-defective herpes simplex virus (HSV)1-based vectors, yet there has never been a comparative analysis of their efficacy. We compared four different HSV1-based vectors engineered to produce one of two opioid receptor agonists (enkephalin or endomorphin), or one of two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 or GAD67), alone and in combination, in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat and mouse models. Our results indicate that a single subcutaneous hindpaw inoculation of vectors expressing GAD65 or GAD67 reduced diabetes-induced mechanical allodynia to a degree that was greater than daily injections of gabapentin in rats. Diabetic mice that developed thermal hyperalgesia also responded to GAD65 or endomorphin gene delivery. The results suggest that either GAD65 or GAD67 vectors are the most effective in the treatment of diabetic pain. The vector combinations, GAD67+endomorphin, GAD67+enkephalin or endomorphin+enkephalin also produced a significant antinociceptive effect but the combination did not appear to be superior to single gene treatment. These findings provide further justification for the clinical development of antinociceptive gene therapies for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - MO Nowicki
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - WD Arnold
- Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - SA Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Wechuk
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - D Krisky
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - J Goss
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - D Wolfe
- Dyamid, Inc., PA, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - PG Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Lawler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - EA Chiocca
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Dardinger Laboratory for Neurooncology and Neurosciences, Columbus, OH, USA
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Birks S, Altinkaya M, Altinkaya A, Pilkington G, Kurian KM, Crosby C, Hopkins K, Williams M, Donovan L, Birks S, Eason A, Bosak V, Pilkington G, Birks S, Holliday J, Corbett I, Pilkington G, Keeling M, Bambrough J, Simpson J, Higgins S, Dogra H, Pilkington G, Kurian KM, Zhang Y, Bradley M, Schmidberger C, Hafizi S, Noorani I, Price S, Dubocq A, Jaunky T, Chatelain C, Evans L, Gaissmaier T, Pilkington GJ, An Q, Hurwitz V, Logan J, Bhangoo R, Ashkan K, Gullan A, Beaney R, Brazil L, Kokkinos S, Blake R, Singleton A, Shaw A, Iyer V, Kurian KM, Jeyapalan JN, Morley IC, Hill AA, Mumin MA, Tatevossian RG, Qaddoumi I, Ellison DW, Sheer D, Frary A, Price S, Jefferies S, Harris F, Burnet N, Jena R, Watts C, Haylock B, Leow-Dyke S, Rathi N, Wong H, Dunn J, Baborie A, Crooks D, Husband D, Shenoy A, Brodbelt A, Walker C, Bahl A, Larsen J, Craven I, Metherall P, McKevitt F, Romanowski C, Hoggard N, Jellinek DA, Bell S, Murray E, Muirhead R, James A, Hanzely Z, Jackson R, Stewart W, O'Brien A, Young A, Bell S, Hanzely Z, Stewart W, Shepherd S, Cavers D, Wallace L, Hacking B, Scott S, Bowyer D, Elmahdi A, Frary AJ, O'Donovan DG, Price SJ, Kia A, Przystal JM, Nianiaris N, Mazarakis ND, Mintz PJ, Hajitou A, Karakoula K, Phipps K, Harkness W, Hayward R, Thompson D, Jacques T, Harding B, Darling J, Warr T, Leow-Dyke S, Rathi N, Haylock B, Crooks D, Jenkinson M, Walker C, Brodbelt A, Zhou L, Ercolano E, Ammoun S, Schmid MC, Barczyk M, Hanemann CO, Rowther F, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Maherally Z, Hatherell KE, Kroese K, Hafizi S, Pilkington GJ, Singh P, McQuaid S, Al-Rashid S, Prise K, Herron B, Healy E, Shoakazemi A, Donnelly M, McConnell R, Harney J, Conkey D, McGrath E, Lunsford L, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Kano H, Hamilton R, Flannery T, Majani Y, Smith S, Grundy R, Rahman R, Saini S, Hall G, Davis C, Rowther F, Lawson T, Ashton K, Potter N, Goessl E, Darling J, Warr T, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M, Walker C, Leow-Dyke S, Haylock B, Dunn J, Wilkins S, Smith T, Petinou V, Nicholl I, Singh J, Lea R, Welsby P, Spiteri I, Sottoriva A, Marko N, Tavare S, Collins P, Price SJ, Watts C, Su Z, Gerhard A, Hinz R, Roncaroli F, Coope D, Thompson G, Karabatsou K, Sofat A, Leggate J, du Plessis D, Turkheimer F, Jackson A, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M, Das K, Crooks D, Herholz K, Price SJ, Whittle IR, Ashkan K, Grundy P, Cruickshank G, Berry V, Elder D, Iyer V, Hopkins K, Cohen N, Tavare J, Zilidis G, Tibarewal P, Spinelli L, Leslie NR, Coope DJ, Karabatsou K, Green S, Wall G, Bambrough J, Brennan P, Baily J, Diaz M, Ironside J, Sansom O, Brunton V, Frame M, Young A, Thomas O, Mohsen L, Frary A, Lupson V, McLean M, Price S, Arora M, Shaw L, Lawrence C, Alder J, Dawson T, Hall G, Rada L, Chen K, Shivane A, Ammoun S, Parkinson D, Hanemann C, Pangeni RP, Warr TJ, Morris MR, Mackinnon M, Williamson A, James A, Chalmers A, Beckett V, Joannides A, Brock R, McCarthy K, Price S, Singh A, Karakoula K, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Kardooni H, Morris M, Rowther F, Darling J, Warr T, Watts C, Syed N, Roncaroli F, Janczar K, Singh P, O'Neil K, Nigro CL, Lattanzio L, Coley H, Hatzimichael E, Bomalaski J, Szlosarek P, Crook T, Pullen NA, Anand M, Birks S, Van Meter T, Pullen NA, Anand M, Williams S, Boissinot M, Steele L, Williams S, Chiocca EA, Lawler S, Al Rashid ST, Mashal S, Taggart L, Clarke E, Flannery T, Prise KM. Abstracts from the 2012 BNOS Conference. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Furnari F, Fenton T, Nathanson D, de Alberquerque CP, Kuga D, Wanami A, Dang J, Yang H, Tanaka K, Gao L, Oba-Shinjo S, Uno M, Inda MDM, Bachoo R, James CD, DePinho R, Vandenberg S, Zhou H, Marie S, Mischel P, Cavenee W, Szerlip N, Pedraza A, Huse J, Mikkelsen T, Brennan C, Szerlip N, Castellani RJ, Ivanova S, Gerzanich VV, Simard JM, Ito M, See W, Mukherjee J, Ohba S, Tan IL, Pieper RO, Lukiw WJ, Culicchia F, Pogue A, Bhattacharjee S, Zhao Y, Proescholdt MA, Merrill M, Storr EM, Lohmeier A, Brawanski A, Abraham S, Jensen R, Khatua S, Gopal U, Du J, He F, Golub T, Isaacs JS, Dietrich J, Kalogirou-Valtis Y, Ly I, Scadden D, Proschel C, Mayer-Proschel M, Rempel SA, Schultz CR, Golembieski W, Brodie C, Mathew LK, Skuli N, Mucaj V, Imtiyaz HZ, Venneti S, Lal P, Zhang Z, Davuluri RV, Koch C, Evans S, Simon MC, Ranganathan P, Clark P, Salamat S, Kuo JS, Kalejta RF, Bhattacharjee B, Renzette N, Moser RP, Kowalik TF, McFarland BC, Ma JY, Langford CP, Gillespie GY, Yu H, Zheng Y, Nozell SE, Huszar D, Benveniste EN, Lawrence JE, Cook NJ, Rovin RA, Winn RJ, Godlewski JA, Ogawa D, Bronisz A, Lawler S, Chiocca EA, Lee SX, Wong ET, Swanson KD, Liu KW, Feng H, Bachoo R, Kazlauskas A, Smith EM, Symes K, Hamilton RL, Nagane M, Nishikawa R, Hu B, Cheng SY, Silber J, Jacobsen A, Ozawa T, Harinath G, Brennan CW, Holland EC, Sander C, Huse JT, Sengupta R, Dubuc A, Ward S, Yang L, Northcott P, Kroll K, Taylor M, Wechsler-Reya R, Rubin J, Chu WT, Lee HT, Huang FJ, Aldape K, Yao J, Steeg PS, Lu Z, Xie K, Huang S, Sim H, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Hu B, Viapiano MS, Hu B, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Saldivar J, Sim H, Dolan C, Mora M, Nuovo G, Cole S, Viapiano MS, Stegh AH, Ryu MJ, Liu Y, Du J, Zhong X, Marwaha S, Li H, Wang J, Salamat S, Chang Q, Zhang J, Ng HK, Yang L, Poon WS, Zhou L, Pang JC, Chan A, Didier S, Kwiatkowska A, Ennis M, Fortin S, Rushing E, Eschbacher J, Tran N, Symons M, Roldan G, McIntyre JB, Easaw J, Magliocco A, Wykosky J, Cavenee W, Furnari F, Lu D, Mreich E, Chung S, Teo C, Wheeler H, McDonald KL, Lawn S, Forsyth P, Sonabend AM, Lei L, Kennedy B, Soderquist C, Guarnieri P, Leung R, Yun J, Sisti J, Castelli M, Bruce S, Bruce R, Ludwig T, Rosenfeld S, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Lamszus K, Schulte A, Gunther HS, Riethdorf S, Phillips HS, Westphal M, Siegal T, Zrihan D, Granit A, Lavon I, Singh M, Chandra J, Ogawa D, Nakashima H, Godlewski J, Chiocca AE, Kapoor GS, Poptani H, Ittyerah R, O'Rourke DM, Sadraei NH, Burgett M, Ahluwalia M, Tipps R, Khosla D, Weil R, Nowacki A, Prayson R, Shi T, Gladson C, Moeckel S, Meyer K, Bosserhoff A, Spang R, Leukel P, Vollmann A, Jachnick B, Stangl C, Proescholdt M, Bogdahn U, Hau P, Kaur G, Sun M, Kaur R, Bloch O, Jian B, Parsa AT, Hossain A, Shinojima N, Gumin J, Feng G, Lang FF, Li L, Yang CR, Chakraborty S, Hatanpaa K, Chauncey S, Jiwani A, Habib A, Nguyen T, Nakashima H, Chiocca EA, Munson J, Machaidze R, Kaluzova M, Bellamkonda R, Hadjipanayis CG, Zhang Y, McFarland B, Bredel M, Benveniste EN, Lee SH, Zerrouqi A, Khwaja F, Devi NS, Van Meir EG, Haseley A, Boone S, Wojton J, Yu L, Kaur B, Wojton JA, Naduparambil J, Denton N, Chakravarti A, Kaur B, Conrad CA, Wang X, Sheng X, Nilsson C, Marshall AG, Emmett MR, Hu Y, Mark L, Zhou YHZ, Dhruv H, McDonough W, Tran N, Armstrong B, Tuncali S, Eschbacher J, Kislin K, Berens M, Plas D, Gallo C, Stringer K, Kendler A, McPherson C, Castelli MA, Ellis JA, Assanah M, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Ogden A, Liang J, Piao Y, deGroot JF, Gordon N, Patel D, Chakravarti A, Palanichamy K, Hervey-Jumper S, Wang A, He X, Zhu T, Heth J, Muraszko K, Fan X, Nakashima H, Nguyen T, Chiocca EA, Liu WM, Huang P, Rani S, Stettner MR, Jerry S, Dai Q, Kappes J, Tipps R, Gladson CL, Chakravarty D, Pedraza A, Koul D, Alfred Yung WK, Brennan CW, Jensen SA, Luciano J, Calvert A, Nagpal V, Stegh A, Kang SH, Yu MO, Lee MG, Chi SG, Chung YG, Cooper MK, Valadez JG, Grover VK, Kouri FM, Chin L, Stegh AH, Ahluwalia MS, Khosla D, Weil RJ, McGraw M, Huang P, Prayson R, Nowacki A, Barnett GH, Gladson C, Kang C, Zou J, Lan F, Yue X, Shi Z, Zhang K, Han L, Pu P, Seaman BF, Tran ND, McDonough W, Dhruv H, Kislin K, Berens M, Battiste JD, Sirasanagandla S, Maher EA, Bachoo R, Sugiarto S, Persson A, Munoz EG, Waldhuber M, Vandenberg S, Stallcup W, Philips J, Berger MS, Bergers G, Weiss WA, Petritsch C. CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:iii10-iii25. [PMCID: PMC3199169 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
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Ammoun S, Zhou L, Barczyk M, Hilton D, Hafizi S, Hanemann C, Lehnus KS, Donovan LK, Pilkington GJ, An Q, Anderson IA, Thomson S, Bailey M, Lekka E, Law J, Davis C, Banfill K, Loughrey C, Hatfield P, Bax D, Elliott R, Bishop R, Taylor K, Marshall L, Gaspar N, Viana-Pereira M, Reis R, Renshaw J, Ashworth A, Lord C, Jones C, Bellamy C, Shaw L, Alder J, Shorrocks A, Lea R, Birks S, Burnet M, Pilkington G, Bruch JD, Ho J, Watts C, Price SJ, Camp S, Apostolopoulos V, Mehta A, Roncaroli F, Nandi D, Clark B, Mackinnon M, MacLeod N, Stewart W, Chalmers A, Cole A, Hanna G, Bailie K, Conkey D, Harney J, Darlow C, Chapman S, Mohsen L, Price S, Donovan L, Birks S, Pilkington G, Dyer H, Lord H, Fletcher K, das Nair R, MacNiven J, Basu S, Byrne P, Glancz L, Critchley G, Grech-Sollars M, Saunders D, Phipps K, Clayden J, Clark C, Greco A, Acquati S, Marino S, Hammouche S, Wilkins SP, Smith T, Brodbelt A, Hammouche S, Clark S, Wong AHL, Eldridge P, Farah JO, Ho J, Bruch J, Watts C, Price S, Lamb G, Smith S, James A, Glegg M, Jeffcote T, Boulos S, Robbins P, Knuckey N, Banigo A, Brodbelt AR, Jenkinson MD, Jeyapalan JN, Mumin MA, Forshew T, Lawson AR, Tatevossian RG, Jacques TS, Sheer D, Kilday J, Wright K, Leavy S, Lowe J, Schwalbe E, Clifford S, Gilbertson R, Coyle B, Grundy R, Kinsella P, Clynes M, Amberger-Murphy V, Barron N, Lambert SR, Jones D, Pearson D, Ichimura I, Collins V, Steele L, Sinha P, Chumas P, Tyler J, Ogawa D, Chiocca E, DeLay M, Bronisz A, Nowicki M, Godlewski J, Lawler S, Lee MK, Javadpour M, Jenkinson MD, Lekka E, Abel P, Dawson T, Lea B, Davis C, Lim CSK, Grundy PL, Pendleton M, Lord H, Mackinnon M, Williamson A, James A, Stewart W, Clark B, Chalmers A, Merve A, Zhang X, Marino S, Miller S, Rogers HA, Lyon P, Rand V, Adamowicz-Brice M, Clifford SC, Hayden JT, Dyer S, Pfister S, Korshunov A, Brundler MA, Lowe J, Coyle B, Grundy RG, Nankivell M, Mulvenna P, Barton R, Wilson P, Faivre-Finn C, Pugh C, Langley R, Ngoga D, Tennant D, Williams A, Moss P, Cruickshank G, Owusu-Agyemang K, Bell S, Stewart W, St.George J, Piccirillo SG, Watts C, Qadri S, Pirola E, Jenkinson M, Brodbelt A, Rahman R, Rahman C, Smith S, MacArthur D, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Grundy R, Carroll C, Watson P, Hawkins M, Spoudeas H, Walker D, Holland T, Ring H, Rooney A, McNamara S, Mackinnon M, Fraser M, Rampling R, Carson A, Grant R, Royds J, Al Nadaf S, Ahn A, Chen YJ, Wiles A, Jellinek D, Braithwaite A, Baguley B, MacFarlane M, Hung N, Slatter T, Rusbridge S, Walmsley N, Griffiths S, Wilford P, Rees J, Ryan D, Watts C, Liu P, Galavotti S, Shaked-Rabi M, Tulchinsky E, Brandner S, Jones C, Salomoni P, Schulte A, Gunther HS, Zapf S, Riethdorf S, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Selvanathan SK, Hammouche S, Salminen HJ, Jenkinson MD, Setua S, Watts C, Welland ME, Shevtsov M, Khachatryan W, Kim A, Samochernych K, Pozdnyakov A, Guzhova IV, Romanova IV, Margulis B, Smith S, Rahman R, Rahman C, Barrow J, Macarthur D, Rose F, Grundy R, Smith S, Long A, Barrow J, Macarthur D, Coyle B, Grundy R, Maherally Z, Smith JR, Dickson L, Pilkington GJ, Prabhu S, Harris F, Lea R, Snape TJ, Sussman M, Wilne S, Whitehouse W, Chow G, Liu JF, Walker D, Snape T, Karakoula A, Rowther F, Warr T, Williamson A, Mackinnon M, Zisakis A, Varsos V, Panteli A, Karypidou O, Zampethanis A, Fotovati A, Abu-Ali S, Wang PS, Deleyrolle L, Lee C, Triscott J, Chen JY, Franciosi S, Nakamura Y, Sugita Y, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Leavitt BR, Singh SK, Jury A, Jones C, Wakimoto H, Reynolds BA, Pallen CJ, Dunn SE, Shepherd S, Scott S, Bowyer D, Wallace L, Hacking B, Mohsen L, Jena R, Gillard J, Price S, Lee C, Fotovati A, Verraeult M, Wakimoto H, Reynolds B, Dunham C, Bally M, Hukin J, Singhal S, Singh S, Dunn S. Abstracts from the 2011 BNOS Conference, June 29 - July 1, 2011, Homerton College, Cambridge. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Goode A, Winkler E, Lawler S, Reeves M, Owen N, Eakin E. A telephone-delivered physical activity and dietary Intervention: Does intervention dose influence outcomes? J Sci Med Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eakin E, Reeves M, Winkler E, Lawler S, Owen N. Maintenance of physical activity and dietary change following a telephone-delivered intervention. Health Psychol 2010; 29:566-73. [DOI: 10.1037/a0021359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Eakin E, Reeves M, Lawler S, Graves N, Oldenburg B, Del Mar C, Wilke K, Winkler E, Barnett A. Telephone counseling for physical activity and diet in primary care patients. Am J Prev Med 2009; 36:142-9. [PMID: 19062240 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of effective interventions to assist patients to improve their physical activity and dietary behaviors is a challenge in the busy primary care setting. DESIGN Cluster RCT with practices randomized to telephone counseling intervention or usual care. Data collection took place from February 2005 to November 2007, with analysis from December 2007 to April 2008. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Four-hundred thirty-four adult patients with type 2 diabetes or hypertension (mean age=58.2 [SD=11.8]; 61% female; mean BMI=31.1 [SD=6.8]) from a disadvantaged community were recruited from ten primary care practices. INTERVENTION Twelve-month telephone counseling intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity and dietary intake were assessed by self-report at baseline, 4, and 12 months. RESULTS At 12 months, patients in both groups increased moderate-to-vigorous physical activity by a mean of 78 minutes per week (SE=10). Significant intervention effects (telephone counseling minus usual care) were observed for: calories from total fat (decrease of 1.17%; p<0.007), energy from saturated fat (decrease of 0.97%; p<0.007), vegetable intake (increase of 0.71 servings; p<0.039), fruit intake (increase of 0.30 servings; p<0.001), and grams of fiber (increase of 2.23 g; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study targeted a challenging primary care patient sample and, using a telephone-delivered intervention, demonstrated modest improvements in diet and in physical activity. Results suggest that telephone counseling is a feasible means of delivering lifestyle intervention to primary care patients with chronic conditions-patients whose need for ongoing support for lifestyle change is often beyond the capacity of primary healthcare practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Eakin
- Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
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