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Barosova R, Baranovicova E, Hanusrichterova J, Mokra D. Metabolomics in Animal Models of Bronchial Asthma and Its Translational Importance for Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:459. [PMID: 38203630 PMCID: PMC10779398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is an extremely heterogenous chronic respiratory disorder with several distinct endotypes and phenotypes. These subtypes differ not only in the pathophysiological changes and/or clinical features but also in their response to the treatment. Therefore, precise diagnostics represent a fundamental condition for effective therapy. In the diagnostic process, metabolomic approaches have been increasingly used, providing detailed information on the metabolic alterations associated with human asthma. Further information is brought by metabolomic analysis of samples obtained from animal models. This article summarizes the current knowledge on metabolomic changes in human and animal studies of asthma and reveals that alterations in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle found in the animal studies resemble, to a large extent, the changes found in human patients with asthma. The findings indicate that, despite the limitations of animal modeling in asthma, pre-clinical testing and metabolomic analysis of animal samples may, together with metabolomic analysis of human samples, contribute to a novel way of personalized treatment of asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Barosova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Juliana Hanusrichterova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
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Chauhan BV, Higgins Jones D, Banerjee G, Agrawal S, Sulaiman IM, Jia C, Banerjee P. Indoor Bacterial and Fungal Burden in "Moldy" versus "Non-Moldy" Homes: A Case Study Employing Advanced Sequencing Techniques in a US Metropolitan Area. Pathogens 2023; 12:1006. [PMID: 37623966 PMCID: PMC10457890 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of fungi in the indoor environment is associated with allergies and other respiratory symptoms. The aim of this study was to use sequencing and molecular methods, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, to explore the bacterial and fungal communities and their abundance in the indoor environment of houses (n = 20) with visible "moldy" (HVM) and nonvisible "non-moldy" (HNM) in Memphis, TN, USA. Dust samples were collected from air vents and ground surfaces, and the total DNA was analyzed for bacteria and fungi by amplifying 16S rRNA and ITS genes on the Illumina Miseq. Results indicated that Leptosphaerulina was the most abundant fungal genus present in the air vent and ground samples from HNM and HVM. At the same time, the most abundant bacterial genera in the air vent and ground samples were Propionibacterium and Streptococcus. The fungi community diversity was significantly different in the air vent samples. The abundance of fungal species known to be associated with respiratory diseases in indoor dust samples was similar, regardless of the visibility of fungi in the houses. The existence of fungi associated with respiratory symptoms was compared with several parameters like dust particulate matter (PM), CO2 level, temperature, and humidity. Most of these parameters are either positively or negatively correlated with the existence of fungi associated with respiratory diseases; however, none of these correlations were significant at p = 0.05. Our results indicate that implementing molecular methods for detecting indoor fungi may strengthen common exposure and risk assessment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin V. Chauhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | | | - Goutam Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Irshad M. Sulaiman
- Southeast Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Chunrong Jia
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
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Ho K, Weimar D, Torres-Matias G, Lee H, Shamsi S, Shalosky E, Yaeger M, Hartzler-Lovins H, Dunigan-Russell K, Jelic D, Novak CM, Gowdy KM, Englert JA, Ballinger MN. Ozone impairs endogenous compensatory responses in allergic asthma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 459:116341. [PMID: 36502870 PMCID: PMC9840700 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by acute exacerbations triggered by inhaled allergens, respiratory infections, or air pollution. Ozone (O3), a major component of air pollution, can damage the lung epithelium in healthy individuals. Despite this association, little is known about the effects of O3 and its impact on chronic lung disease. Epidemiological data have demonstrated that elevations in ambient O3 are associated with increased asthma exacerbations. To identify mechanisms by which O3 exposure leads to asthma exacerbations, we developed a two-hit mouse model where mice were sensitized and challenged with three common allergens (dust mite, ragweed and Aspergillus fumigates, DRA) to induce allergic inflammation prior to exposure to O3 (DRAO3). Changes in lung physiology, inflammatory cells, and inflammation were measured. Exposure to O3 following DRA significantly increased airway hyperreactivity (AHR), which was independent of TLR4. DRA exposure resulted in increased BAL eosinophilia while O3 exposure resulted in neutrophilia. Additionally, O3 exposure following DRA blunted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses. Finally, there were significantly less monocytes and innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) in the dual challenged DRA-O3 group suggesting that the lack of these immune cells may influence O3-induced AHR in the setting of allergic inflammation. In summary, we developed a mouse model that mirrors some aspects of the clinical course of asthma exacerbations due to air pollution and identified that O3 exposure in the asthmatic lung leads to impaired endogenous anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses and alterations inflammatory cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David Weimar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Gina Torres-Matias
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Hyunwook Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Saaleha Shamsi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Emily Shalosky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Yaeger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Hannah Hartzler-Lovins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Dunigan-Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Daria Jelic
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Caymen M Novak
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Megan N Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
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Geng C, Feng Y, Yang Y, Yang H, Li Z, Tang Y, Wang J, Zhao H. Allergic asthma aggravates angiotensin Ⅱ-induced cardiac remodeling in mice. Transl Res 2022; 244:88-100. [PMID: 35108660 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally, and heart failure (HF) represents its terminal stage. Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases, has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the link between asthma and HF has rarely been studied, and the possible mechanisms by which asthma affects HF are unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of asthma on HF and the possible mechanisms. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found a higher prevalence of HF among asthmatic individuals, and identified an independent association between HF and asthma. Subsequently, we produced mice with concurrent ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization-induced allergic asthma and angiotensin Ⅱ infusion-induced cardiac remodeling to explore the effect of asthma on cardiac remodeling in vivo. The results showed that OVA-induced asthma impaired heart function and aggravated cardiac remodeling in mice. We also found that OVA sensitization increased the expression levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum and IgE receptor (FcεR1) in the heart, and enhanced the activation of downstream signaling molecules of IgE-FcεR1 in the heart. Importantly, blockage of IgE-FcεR1 using FcεR1-deficient mice or an anti-IgE antibody prevented asthma-induced decline of cardiac function, and alleviated cardiac remodeling. These findings demonstrate the adverse effects of allergic asthma on the heart, and suggest the potential application of anti-IgE therapy in the treatment of asthma complicated with heart conditions.
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Key Words
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ANP, natriuretic peptide type A
- Ang Ⅱ, angiotensin Ⅱ
- BALF, bronchioalveolar lavage fluid
- BMI, body mass index
- BNP, natriuretic peptide type B
- BW, body weight
- CAD, coronary heart disease
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- EF, ejection fraction
- FS, fraction shortening
- HF, heart failure
- HW, heart weight
- IgE, immunoglobulin E
- LVAW, left ventricular anterior wall
- LVID, left ventricular internal dimension
- LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- OVA, ovalbumin
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- WT, wild type
- pSmad2/3, phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 and 3
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Geng
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqin Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Correa Deza MA, Rodríguez de Olmos A, Suárez NE, Font de Valdez G, Salva S, Gerez CL. Inorganic polyphosphate from the immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 prevents inflammatory response in the respiratory tract. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5684-5692. [PMID: 34588880 PMCID: PMC8459082 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus CRL1505 accumulates inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) in its cytoplasm in response to environmental stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of polyP from the immunobiotic CRL1505 on an acute respiratory inflammation murine animal model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). First, the presence of polyP granules in the cytoplasm of CRL1505 strain was evidenced by specific staining. Then, it was demonstrated in the intracellular extracts (ICE) of CRL1505 that polyP chain length is greater than 45 phosphate residues. In addition, the functionality of the genes involved in the polyP metabolism (ppk, ppx1 and ppx2) was corroborated by RT-PCR. Finally, the possible effect of the ICE of CRL1505 strain containing polyP and a synthetic polyP was evaluated in vivo using a murine model of acute lung inflammation. It was observed that the level of cytokines pro-inflammatory (IL-17, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, INF-γ) in serum was normalized in mice treated with ICE, which would indicate that polyP prevents the local inflammatory response in the respiratory tract. The potential application of ICE from L. rhamnosus CRL1505 as a novel bioproduct for the treatment of respiratory diseases is one of the projections of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Correa Deza
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Antonieta Rodríguez de Olmos
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia E Suárez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Font de Valdez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Susana Salva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carla L Gerez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Martin J, Pijnenburg MW, Roberts G, Pike KC, Petsky H, Chang AB, Szefler SJ, Gergen P, Vermeulen F, Vael R, Turner S. Does lung function change in the months after an asthma exacerbation in children? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1208-1216. [PMID: 33721352 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data describing lung function changes in children after an asthma exacerbation. Our hypothesis was that lung function does not fully recover in children in the months following an asthma exacerbation. METHODS We used a data set of children with asthma where lung function (including FEV1 , FEV1 /FVC ratio and FEF25-75 ) was measured at 3-month intervals over a year. Mixed-level models compared spirometry measured on two occasions 3 months apart before a single exacerbation (assessments 1 and 2) with measurements made on two occasions after the exacerbation (assessments 3 and 4), with adjustment for covariates. Changes in spirometry over a year were also analysed across those with exacerbations in no, one or more than one 3-month periods. RESULTS For the 113 children who had a single exacerbation, spirometry measured at assessments 1 or 2 did not differ from measurements at assessments 3 or 4 when the whole population was considered. When stratified into tertiles by change in %FEV1 between assessments 2 and 3, those with the greater reduction were more likely to be treated with long-acting beta-agonist, but in this category, %FEV1 at assessment 4 had returned to the value at assessment 1. %FEV1 did not change over a 12-month period within and between the three exacerbation categories (n = 809). CONCLUSION One or more asthma exacerbation was not associated with a fall in lung function for the whole population. In a subset of individuals, lung function does fall after an exacerbation but returns to pre-exacerbation values after a period of months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marielle W Pijnenburg
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Helen Petsky
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Anne B Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Queensland Children's Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.,Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Stanley J Szefler
- Department of Pediatrics, Breathing Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter Gergen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francoise Vermeulen
- Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robin Vael
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Initiation and Pathogenesis of Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040913. [PMID: 33921169 PMCID: PMC8071493 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi represent one of the most diverse and abundant eukaryotes on earth, and their ubiquity and small proteolytically active products make them pervasive allergens that affect humans and other mammals. The immunologic parameters surrounding fungal allergies are still not fully elucidated despite their importance given that a large proportion of severe asthmatics are sensitized to fungal allergens. Herein, we explore fungal allergic asthma with emphasis on mouse models that recapitulate the characteristics of human disease, and the main leukocyte players in the pathogenesis of fungal allergies. The endogenous mycobiome may also contribute to fungal asthma, a phenomenon that we discuss only superficially, as much remains to be discovered.
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8
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Tu X, Donovan C, Kim RY, Wark PAB, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Asthma-COPD overlap: current understanding and the utility of experimental models. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/190185. [PMID: 33597123 PMCID: PMC9488725 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0185-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological features of both asthma and COPD coexist in some patients and this is termed asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). ACO is heterogeneous and patients exhibit various combinations of asthma and COPD features, making it difficult to characterise the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. There are no controlled studies that define effective therapies for ACO, which arises from the lack of international consensus on the definition and diagnostic criteria for ACO, as well as scant in vitro and in vivo data. There remain unmet needs for experimental models of ACO that accurately recapitulate the hallmark features of ACO in patients. The development and interrogation of such models will identify underlying disease-causing mechanisms, as well as enabling the identification of novel therapeutic targets and providing a platform for assessing new ACO therapies. Here, we review the current understanding of the clinical features of ACO and highlight the approaches that are best suited for developing representative experimental models of ACO. Understanding the pathogenesis of asthma-COPD overlap is critical for improving therapeutic approaches. We present current knowledge on asthma-COPD overlap and the requirements for developing an optimal animal model of disease.https://bit.ly/3lsjyvm
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Tu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia .,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Back to the future: re-establishing guinea pig in vivo asthma models. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1219-1242. [PMID: 32501497 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Research using animal models of asthma is currently dominated by mouse models. This has been driven by the comprehensive knowledge on inflammatory and immune reactions in mice, as well as tools to produce genetically modified mice. Many of the identified therapeutic targets influencing airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in mouse models, have however been disappointing when tested clinically in asthma. It is therefore a great need for new animal models that more closely resemble human asthma. The guinea pig has for decades been used in asthma research and a comprehensive table of different protocols for asthma models is presented. The studies have primarily been focused on the pharmacological aspects of the disease, where the guinea pig undoubtedly is superior to mice. Further reasons are the anatomical and physiological similarities between human and guinea pig airways compared with that of the mouse, especially with respect to airway branching, neurophysiology, pulmonary circulation and smooth muscle distribution, as well as mast cell localization and mediator secretion. Lack of reagents and specific molecular tools to study inflammatory and immunological reactions in the guinea pig has however greatly diminished its use in asthma research. The aim in this position paper is to review and summarize what we know about different aspects of the use of guinea pig in vivo models for asthma research. The associated aim is to highlight the unmet needs that have to be addressed in the future.
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10
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Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Zazara DE, Wegmann M, Giannou AD, Hierweger AM, Alawi M, Thiele K, Huber S, Pincus M, Muntau AC, Solano ME, Arck PC. A prenatally disrupted airway epithelium orchestrates the fetal origin of asthma in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1641-1654. [PMID: 32305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal challenges such as maternal stress perception increase the risk and severity of asthma during childhood. However, insights into the trajectories and targets underlying the pathogenesis of prenatally triggered asthma are largely unknown. The developing lung and immune system may constitute such targets. OBJECTIVE Here we have aimed to identify the differential sex-specific effects of prenatal challenges on lung function, immune response, and asthma severity in mice. METHODS We generated bone marrow chimeric (BMC) mice harboring either prenatally stress-exposed lungs or a prenatally stress-exposed immune (hematopoietic) system and induced allergic asthma via ovalbumin. Next-generation sequencing (RNA sequencing) of lungs and assessment of airway epithelial barrier function in ovalbumin-sensitized control and prenatally stressed offspring was also performed. RESULTS Profoundly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and fibrosis were exclusively present in female BMC mice with prenatally stress-exposed lungs. These effects were significantly perpetuated if both the lungs and the immune system had been exposed to prenatal stress. A prenatally stress-exposed immune system alone did not suffice to increase the severity of these asthma features. RNA sequencing analysis of lungs from prenatally stressed, non-BMC, ovalbumin-sensitized females unveiled a deregulated expression of genes involved in asthma pathogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tight junction formation. It was also possible to independently confirm a tight junction disruption. In line with this, we identified an altered perinatal and/or postnatal expression of genes involved in lung development along with an impaired alveolarization in female prenatally stressed mice. CONCLUSION Here we have shown that the fetal origin of asthma is orchestrated by a disrupted airway epithelium and further perpetuated by a predisposed immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra E Zazara
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Pincus
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggravated by air pollutants: Impact of air pollution on patients with AR: Current knowledge and future strategies. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100106. [PMID: 32256939 PMCID: PMC7132263 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. Air pollution not only causes morbidity, but nearly 3 million people per year die from unhealthy indoor air exposure. Furthermore, allergic rhinitis and air pollution interact. This report summarizes the discussion of an International Expert Consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution. The report begins with a review of indoor and outdoor air pollutants followed by epidemiologic evidence showing the impact of air pollution and climate change on the upper airway and allergic rhinitis. Mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress, potentially explaining the interactions between air pollution and allergic rhinitis are discussed. Treatment for the management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution primarily involves treating allergic rhinitis by guidelines and reducing exposure to pollutants. Fexofenadine a non-sedating oral antihistamine improves AR symptoms aggravated by air pollution. However, more efficacy studies on other pharmacological therapy of coexisting AR and air pollution are currently lacking.
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Key Words
- AER, Allergic eosinophilic rhinitis
- AP, Activator protein
- AR, Allergic rhinitis
- ARE, Antioxidant response element
- Air pollutants
- Air pollution
- Allergic rhinitis
- Antioxidant enzymes
- CFS, Chronic fatigue syndrome
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Climate change
- DAMP, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- DEP, Diesel exhaust particles
- ECAT, Elemental carbon attributable to traffic
- ECP, Eosinophil cationic protein
- GSH-Px, Glutathione peroxidase
- HDM, House dust mites
- HEPA, High efficiency particulate air
- HO, Hemeoxygenase
- HVAC, Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
- IAP, Indoor air pollution
- IAQ, Indoor air quality
- INS, Intranasal steroids
- Indoor air quality
- LDH, Lactate dehydrogenase
- MCP, Monocyte chemotactic protein
- MSQPCR, Mold specific quantitative PCR
- NAR, Non allergic rhinitis
- NF-κβ, Nuclear factor kappa β
- NO2, Nitrogen dioxide
- NOx, Nitric oxides
- Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor
- O3, Ozone
- OAP, Outdoor air pollution
- Occupational rhinitis
- Oxidative stress
- PAMP, Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PM, Particulate matter
- PON, Paraoxonase
- RNS, Reactive nitrosative species
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SO2, Sulphur dioxide
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TLR, Toll like receptor
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TOS, Total oxidative status
- TRAP, Traffic related air pollutants
- UFP, Ultra-fine particles
- VOCs, Volatile organic compound
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13
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Hossain FMA, Park SO, Kim HJ, Eo JC, Choi JY, Uyangaa E, Kim B, Kim K, Eo SK. CCR5 attenuates neutrophilic airway inflammation exacerbated by infection with rhinovirus. Cell Immunol 2020; 351:104066. [PMID: 32089258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (hRV) is the most common cause of asthma exacerbation characterized by clinical and pathophysiological heterogeneity. Steroid-sensitive, Th2 type-eosinophilic asthma has been somewhat studied, but hRV-induced neutrophilic asthma exacerbation is poorly understood. Here, CCR5 was found to play a role in attenuating neutrophilic airway inflammation in hRV-induced asthma exacerbation using chicken ovalbumin (OVA)-based model. CCR5 deficiency resulted in exacerbated neutrophilic asthmatic responses in airways following hRV infection. CCR5-deficient mice showed enhanced mucus expression and altered expression of tight junction proteins in lung tissues. CCR5-deficient mice were also manifested with influx of CD45+CD11b+Siglec-F+Gr-1+ neutrophils, along with enhanced production of IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β cytokines in inflamed tissues. In contrast, CCR5-deficient mice elicited down-regulation of Th2-related cytokine proteins following hRV infection. More interestingly, the lack of CCR5 altered the equilibrium of CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs and IL-17+CD4+ Th17 in inflamed tissues. CCR5-deficient mice showed increased frequency and absolute number of IL-17-producing CD4+ Th17 cells in lung tissues compared to wild-type mice, whereas the reduced infiltration of CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cells was observed. CCR5 deficiency resulted in the skewed production of Th17 and Th1 cytokines in lymph nodes and lungs upon OVA stimulation. Likewise, CCR5-deficient mice showed enhanced expression of Th17-inducing cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in lung tissues. These results imply that CCR5 deficiency facilitates Th17 airway inflammation during hRV-induced asthma exacerbation, along with suppressing Th2 responses. Furthermore, our results suggest that CCR5 attenuates hRV-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation through conserving the equilibrium of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-17+CD4+ Th17 cells in hRV-induced asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Cheol Eo
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Caputo LS, Campos MIC, Dias HJ, Crotti AEM, Fajardo JB, Vanelli CP, Presto ÁCD, Alves MS, Aarestrup FM, Paula ACC, Da Silva Filho AA, Aarestrup BJV, Pereira OS, Corrêa JODA. Copaiba oil suppresses inflammation in asthmatic lungs of BALB/c mice induced with ovalbumin. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106177. [PMID: 32007706 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that represents high hospitalizations and deaths in world. Copaiba oil (CO) is popularly used for relieving asthma symptoms and has already been shown to be effective in many inflammation models. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory relationship of CO in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. The composition of CO sample analyzed by GC and GC-MS and the toxicity test was performed in mice at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg (by gavage). After, the experimental model of allergic asthma was induced with OVA and mice were orally treated with CO in two pre-established doses. The inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α), IgE antibody and nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in BALF and lung homogenate (LH) of mice, together with the histology and histomorphometry of the lung tissue. CO significantly attenuated the number of inflammatory cells in BALF, suppressing NO production and reducing the response mediated by TH2 and TH17 (T helper) cells in both BALF and LH. Histopathological and histomorphometric analysis confirmed that CO significantly reduced the numbers of inflammatory infiltrate in the lung tissue, including in the parenchyma area. Our results indicate that CO has an effective in vivo antiasthmatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila S Caputo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês C Campos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Herbert J Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantesn° 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantesn° 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia B Fajardo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Chislene P Vanelli
- Health Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health of Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Alameda Salvaterra n° 200, Salvaterra, 36.033-003 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro C D Presto
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria S Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia C Paula
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ademar A Da Silva Filho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz J V Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Olavo S Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - José Otávio do A Corrêa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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15
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Samarasinghe AE, Rosch JW. Convergence of Inflammatory Pathways in Allergic Asthma and Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3058. [PMID: 32038616 PMCID: PMC6992560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathologies of sickle cell disease and asthma share many characteristics in terms of respiratory inflammation. The principal mechanisms of pulmonary inflammation are largely distinct, but activation of common pathways downstream of the initial inflammatory triggers may lead to exacerbation of both disease states. The altered inflammatory landscape of these respiratory pathologies can differentially impact respiratory pathogen susceptibility in patients with sickle cell disease and asthma. How these two distinct diseases behave in a comorbid setting can further exacerbate pulmonary complications associated with both disease states and impact susceptibility to respiratory infection. This review will provide a concise overview of how asthma distinctly affects individuals with sickle cell disease and how pulmonary physiology and inflammation are impacted during comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amali E Samarasinghe
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy-Immunology, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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16
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Kim YY, Lee S, Jang HJ, Hur G, Lee SW, Jung K, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Rho MC. Cynanchum atratum Ameliorates Airway Inflammation via Maintaining Alveolar Barrier and Regulating Mast Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1795-1814. [PMID: 31795744 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common allergic airway inflammatory disease, characterized by abnormal breathing due to bronchial inflammation. Asthma aggravates the patient's quality of life and needs continuous pharmacological treatment. Therefore, discovery of drugs for the treatment of asthma is an important area of human health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Cynanchum atratum extract (CAE) modulates the asthma-like allergic airway inflammation and to study its possible mechanism of action using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice, as well as a mast cell-based in vitro model. The histological analysis showed that CAE reduced the airway constriction and immune cell infiltration. CAE also inhibited release of β-hexosaminidase and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. In addition, CAE reduced the OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, total IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in the serum. In the LPS-induced ALI model, CAE suppressed the LPS-induced lung barrier dysfunction and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Because allergic airway inflammatory responses are associated with the activation of mast cells, RBL-2H3 cells were used to evaluate the underlying mechanism of CAE effects. In RBL-2H3 cells, CAE down-regulated release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine by reducing the intracellular calcium influx. In addition, CAE suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. Taken together, our findings suggest that CAE may help in the prevention or treatment of airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Yong Kim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.,CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeong Hur
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsook Jung
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181, Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hadjigol S, Netto KG, Maltby S, Tay HL, Nguyen TH, Hansbro NG, Eyers F, Hansbro PM, Yang M, Foster PS. Lipopolysaccharide induces steroid-resistant exacerbations in a mouse model of allergic airway disease collectively through IL-13 and pulmonary macrophage activation. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:82-94. [PMID: 31579973 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exacerbations of asthma represent a major burden of disease and are often caused by respiratory infections. Viral infections are recognized as significant triggers of exacerbations; however, less is understood about the how microbial bioproducts such as the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) trigger episodes. Indeed, increased levels of LPS have been linked to asthma onset, severity and steroid resistance. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to identify mechanisms underlying bacterial-induced exacerbations by employing LPS as a surrogate for infection. METHODS We developed a mouse model of LPS-induced exacerbation on the background of pre-existing type-2 allergic airway disease (AAD). RESULTS LPS-induced exacerbation was characterized by steroid-resistant airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and an exaggerated inflammatory response distinguished by increased numbers of infiltrating neutrophils/macrophages and elevated production of lung inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IFNγ, IL-27 and MCP-1. Expression of the type-2 associated inflammatory factors such as IL-5 and IL-13 were elevated in AAD but not altered by LPS exposure. Furthermore, AHR and airway inflammation were no longer suppressed by corticosteroid (dexamethasone) treatment after LPS exposure. Depletion of pulmonary macrophages by administration of 2-chloroadenosine into the lungs suppressed AHR and reduced IL-13, TNFα and IFNγ expression. Blocking IL-13 function, through either IL-13-deficiency or administration of specific blocking antibodies, also suppressed AHR and airway inflammation. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE We present evidence that IL-13 and innate immune pathways (in particular pulmonary macrophages) contribute to LPS-induced exacerbation of pre-existing AAD and provide insight into the complex molecular processes potentially underlying microbial-induced exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjigol
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Keilah G Netto
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Thi H Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Eyers
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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18
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Tanner L, Single AB. Animal Models Reflecting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Related Respiratory Disorders: Translating Pre-Clinical Data into Clinical Relevance. J Innate Immun 2019; 12:203-225. [PMID: 31527372 PMCID: PMC7265725 DOI: 10.1159/000502489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the lives of an ever-growing number of people worldwide. The lack of understanding surrounding the pathophysiology of the disease and its progression has led to COPD becoming the third leading cause of death worldwide. COPD is incurable, with current treatments only addressing associated symptoms and sometimes slowing its progression, thus highlighting the need to develop novel treatments. However, this has been limited by the lack of experimental standardization within the respiratory disease research area. A lack of coherent animal models that accurately represent all aspects of COPD clinical presentation makes the translation of promising in vitrodata to human clinical trials exceptionally challenging. Here, we review current knowledge within the COPD research field, with a focus on current COPD animal models. Moreover, we include a set of advantages and disadvantages for the selection of pre-clinical models for the identification of novel COPD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
| | - Andrew Bruce Single
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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19
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Abstract
The laboratory mouse Mus musculus has long been used as a model organism to test hypotheses and treatments related to understanding the mechanisms of disease in humans; however, for these experiments to be relevant, it is important to know the complex ways in which mice are similar to humans and, crucially, the ways in which they differ. In this chapter, an in-depth analysis of these similarities and differences is provided to allow researchers to use mouse models of human disease and primary cells derived from these animal models under the most appropriate and meaningful conditions. Although there are considerable differences between mice and humans, particularly regarding genetics, physiology, and immunology, a more thorough understanding of these differences and their effects on the function of the whole organism will provide deeper insights into relevant disease mechanisms and potential drug targets for further clinical investigation. Using specific examples of mouse models of human lung disease, i.e., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis, this chapter explores the most salient features of mouse models of human disease and provides a full assessment of the advantages and limitations of these models, focusing on the relevance of disease induction and their ability to replicate critical features of human disease pathophysiology and response to treatment. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the future of using mice in medical research with regard to ethical and technological considerations.
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Mincham KT, Scott NM, Lauzon-Joset JF, Leffler J, Stumbles PA, Holt PG, Strickland DH. Early life ovalbumin sensitization and aerosol challenge for the induction ofallergic airway inflammation in a BALB/c murine model. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3181. [PMID: 33654984 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The early life period represents a time of immunological plasticity whereby the functionally immature immune system is highly susceptible to environmental stimulation. Perennial aeroallergen and respiratory viral infection induced sporadic episodes of lung inflammation during this temporal window represent major risk factors for initiation of allergic asthmatic disease. Murine models are widely used as an investigative tool to examine the pathophysiology of allergic asthma; however, models in current usage typically do not encapsulate the early life period which represents the time of maximal risk for disease inception in humans. To address this issue, this protocol adapted an experimental animal model of disease for sensitization to ovalbumin during the immediate post-weaning period beginning at 21 days of age. By initially sensitizing mice during this early life post-weaning period, researchers can more closely align experimental allergic airway disease models with the human age group most at risk for asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Naomi M Scott
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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21
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Mincham KT, Leffler J, Scott NM, Lauzon-Joset JF, Stumbles PA, Holt PG, Strickland DH. Quantification of serum ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E titrevia in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3184. [PMID: 33654986 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of allergic airway disease are frequently used as a tool to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific asthmatic disease pathogenesis. Paramount to the success of these models is the induction of experimental antigen sensitization, as indicated by the presence of antigen-specific serum immunoglobulin E. The quantification of antigen-specific serum IgE is routinely performed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, the reproducibility of these in vitro assays can vary dramatically in our experience. Furthermore, quantifying IgE via in vitro methodologies does not enable the functional relevance of circulating IgE levels to be considered. As a biologically appropriate alternative method, we describe herein a highly reproducible in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay using Sprague Dawley rats for the quantification of ovalbumin-specific IgE in serum samples from ovalbumin-sensitized murine models. Briefly, this in vivo assay involves subcutaneous injections of serum samples on the back of a Sprague Dawley rat, followed 24 h later by intravenous injection of ovalbumin and a blue detection dye. The subsequent result of antigen-IgE mediated inflammation and leakage of blue dye into the initial injection site indicates the presence of ovalbumin-specific IgE within the corresponding serum sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Naomi M Scott
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Philip A Stumbles
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Rosenberg HF, Druey KM. Modeling asthma: Pitfalls, promises, and the road ahead. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:41-48. [PMID: 29451705 PMCID: PMC6134392 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1117-436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous, and recurring inflammatory disease of the lower airways, with exacerbations that feature airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma has been modeled extensively via disease induction in both wild-type and genetically manipulated laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Antigen sensitization and challenge strategies have reproduced numerous important features of airway inflammation characteristic of human asthma, notably the critical roles of type 2 T helper cell cytokines. Recent models of disease induction have advanced to include physiologic aeroallergens with prolonged respiratory challenge without systemic sensitization; others incorporate tobacco, respiratory viruses, or bacteria as exacerbants. Nonetheless, differences in lung size, structure, and physiologic responses limit the degree to which airway dynamics measured in mice can be compared to human subjects. Other rodent allergic airways models, including those featuring the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) might be considered for lung function studies. Finally, domestic cats (Feline catus) and horses (Equus caballus) develop spontaneous obstructive airway disorders with clinical and pathologic features that parallel human asthma. Information on pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders is an important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kirk M. Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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23
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Foster PS, Maltby S, Rosenberg HF, Tay HL, Hogan SP, Collison AM, Yang M, Kaiko GE, Hansbro PM, Kumar RK, Mattes J. Modeling T H 2 responses and airway inflammation to understand fundamental mechanisms regulating the pathogenesis of asthma. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:20-40. [PMID: 28658543 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight experiments conducted in our laboratories that have elucidated functional roles for CD4+ T-helper type-2 lymphocytes (TH 2 cells), their associated cytokines, and eosinophils in the regulation of hallmark features of allergic asthma. Notably, we consider the complexity of type-2 responses and studies that have explored integrated signaling among classical TH 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), which together with CCL11 (eotaxin-1) regulate critical aspects of eosinophil recruitment, allergic inflammation, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Among our most important findings, we have provided evidence that the initiation of TH 2 responses is regulated by airway epithelial cell-derived factors, including TRAIL and MID1, which promote TH 2 cell development via STAT6-dependent pathways. Further, we highlight studies demonstrating that microRNAs are key regulators of allergic inflammation and potential targets for anti-inflammatory therapy. On the background of TH 2 inflammation, we have demonstrated that innate immune cells (notably, airway macrophages) play essential roles in the generation of steroid-resistant inflammation and AHR secondary to allergen- and pathogen-induced exacerbations. Our work clearly indicates that understanding the diversity and spatiotemporal role of the inflammatory response and its interactions with resident airway cells is critical to advancing knowledge on asthma pathogenesis and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hock L Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam M Collison
- Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard E Kaiko
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rakesh K Kumar
- Pathology, UNSW Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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24
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Geslewitz WE, Percopo CM, Rosenberg HF. Eosinophil persistence in vivo and sustained viability ex vivo in response to respiratory challenge with fungal allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:29-38. [PMID: 29068539 PMCID: PMC5746458 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are immunomodulatory leucocytes that contribute to the pathogenesis of Th2-driven asthma and allergic lung diseases. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to identify unique properties of eosinophils recruited to the lungs and airways of mice in response to challenge with asthma-associated fungal allergens. METHODS Mice were challenged intranasally on days 0, 3 and 6 with a filtrate of Alternaria alternata. Recruited eosinophils were enumerated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Eosinophils were also isolated from lungs of mice sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus and evaluated ex vivo in tissue culture. RESULTS Eosinophils persist in the airways for several weeks in response to brief provocation with A. alternata in wild-type, Gm-csf- and eotaxin-1-gene-deleted mice, while eosinophils are recruited but do not persist in the absence of IL-13. Eosinophils isolated from the lungs A. alternata-challenged mice are cytokine-enriched compared to those from IL5tg mice, including 800-fold higher levels of eotaxin-1. Furthermore, eosinophils from the lungs and spleen of fungal allergen-challenged wild-type mice are capable of prolonged survival ex vivo, in contrast to eosinophils from both untreated and fungal allergen-challenged IL5tg mice, which undergo rapid demise in the absence of exogenous cytokine support. TNF-α (but not IL5, IL-3, eotaxin-1 or GM-CSF) was detected in supernatants of ex vivo eosinophil cultures from the lungs of fungal allergen-challenged wild-type mice. However, neither TNF-α gene deletion nor anti-TNF-α neutralizing antibodies had any impact sustained eosinophil survival ex vivo. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eosinophils are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. As shown here, eosinophils from fungal allergen-challenged wild-type mice maintain a distinct cytokine profile, and, unlike eosinophils isolated from IL5tg mice, they survive ex vivo in the absence of exogenous pro-survival cytokine support. As treatments for asthma currently in development focus on limiting eosinophil viability via strategic cytokine blockade, the molecular mechanisms underlying differential survival merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E. Geslewitz
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline M. Percopo
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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25
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Exacerbates OVA-mediated asthma in mice through C5a-C5aR regulating CD4 +T cells Immune Responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15207. [PMID: 29123203 PMCID: PMC5680322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbation could be induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the underlying pathogenic mechanism is related to complement activation. Although complement might regulate CD4+T cells immune responses in asthma model, this regulation existed in RSV-induced asthma model remains incompletely characterrized. In this study, we assessed the contribution of C5a-C5aR to CD4+T cell immune responses in RSV-infected asthma mice. Female BALB/C mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) while treated with RSV infection and C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRA) during challenge period. RSV enhanced lung damage, airway hyperresponsiveness, and C5aR expressions in asthma mice, while C5aRA alleviated these pathologic changes. The percentages of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells were increased, while the percentage of Treg cells was decreased in RSV-infected asthma mice compared with asthma mice. IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17A levels have similar trend with Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells. Notably, above changes of CD4+T cells and their related cytokines were reversed by C5aRA. Together, the data indicates that RSV infection could apparently increase C5a and C5aR expression in the pathogenesis of RSV-infected asthma mice, meanwhile C5aRA prevents some of the CD4+T cells immune changes that are induced by RSV.
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26
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Chronic IL-33 expression predisposes to virus-induced asthma exacerbations by increasing type 2 inflammation and dampening antiviral immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:1607-1619.e9. [PMID: 28947081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infection triggers acute asthma exacerbations. IL-33 is an instructive cytokine of type 2 inflammation whose expression is associated with viral load during experimental rhinovirus infection of asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether anti-IL-33 therapy is effective during disease progression, established disease, or viral exacerbation using a preclinical model of chronic asthma and in vitro human primary airway epithelial cells (AECs). METHODS Mice were exposed to pneumonia virus of mice and cockroach extract in early and later life and then challenged with rhinovirus to model disease onset, progression, and chronicity. Interventions included anti-IL-33 or dexamethasone at various stages of disease. AECs were obtained from asthmatic patients and healthy subjects and treated with anti-IL-33 after rhinovirus infection. RESULTS Anti-IL-33 decreased type 2 inflammation in all phases of disease; however, the ability to prevent airway smooth muscle growth was lost after the progression phase. After the chronic phase, IL-33 levels were persistently high, and rhinovirus challenge exacerbated the type 2 inflammatory response. Treatment with anti-IL-33 or dexamethasone diminished exacerbation severity, and anti-IL-33, but not dexamethasone, promoted antiviral interferon expression and decreased viral load. Rhinovirus replication was higher and IFN-λ levels were lower in AECs from asthmatic patients compared with those from healthy subjects. Anti-IL-33 decreased rhinovirus replication and increased IFN-λ levels at the gene and protein levels. CONCLUSION Anti-IL-33 or dexamethasone suppressed the magnitude of type 2 inflammation during a rhinovirus-induced acute exacerbation; however, only anti-IL-33 boosted antiviral immunity and decreased viral replication. The latter phenotype was replicated in rhinovirus-infected human AECs, suggesting that anti-IL-33 therapy has the additional benefit of enhancing host defense.
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27
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Tessier L, Côté O, Clark ME, Viel L, Diaz-Méndez A, Anders S, Bienzle D. Impaired response of the bronchial epithelium to inflammation characterizes severe equine asthma. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:708. [PMID: 28886691 PMCID: PMC5591550 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe equine asthma is a naturally occurring lung inflammatory disease of mature animals characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, bronchoconstriction, mucus hypersecretion and airway remodeling. Exacerbations are triggered by inhalation of dust and microbial components. Affected animals eventually are unable of aerobic performance. In this study transcriptomic differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic animals in the response of the bronchial epithelium to an inhaled challenge were determined. RESULTS Paired endobronchial biopsies were obtained pre- and post-challenge from asthmatic and non-asthmatic animals. The transcriptome, determined by RNA-seq and analyzed with edgeR, contained 111 genes differentially expressed (DE) after challenge between horses with and without asthma, and 81 of these were upregulated. Genes involved in neutrophil migration and activation were in central location in interaction networks, and related gene ontology terms were significantly overrepresented. Relative abundance of specific gene products as determined by immunohistochemistry was correlated with differential gene expression. Gene sets involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, immune and inflammatory response, secretion, blood coagulation and apoptosis were overrepresented among up-regulated genes, while the rhythmic process gene set was overrepresented among down-regulated genes. MMP1, IL8, TLR4 and MMP9 appeared to be the most important proteins in connecting the STRING protein network of DE genes. CONCLUSIONS Several differentially expressed genes and networks in horses with asthma also contribute to human asthma, highlighting similarities between severe human adult and equine asthma. Neutrophil activation by the bronchial epithelium is suggested as the trigger of the inflammatory cascade in equine asthma, followed by epithelial injury and impaired repair and differentiation. Circadian rhythm dysregulation and the sonic Hedgehog pathway were identified as potential novel contributory factors in equine asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Tessier
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Olivier Côté
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Present address: BioAssay Works LLC, 10075 Tyler Place, Suite 18, Ijamsville, MD, 21754, USA
| | - Mary Ellen Clark
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laurent Viel
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrés Diaz-Méndez
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Present address: Centre for Equine Infectious Disease, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dorothee Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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28
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Linoleic acid metabolite leads to steroid resistant asthma features partially through NF-κB. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9565. [PMID: 28851976 PMCID: PMC5575291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have highlighted the role of nutritional and metabolic modulators in asthma pathobiology. Steroid resistance is an important clinical problem in asthma but lacks good experimental models. Linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been linked to asthma and glucocorticoid sensitivity. Its 12/15–lipoxygenase metabolite, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) induces mitochondrial dysfunction, with severe airway obstruction and neutrophilic airway inflammation. Here we show that HODE administration leads to steroid unresponsiveness in an otherwise steroid responsive model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). HODE treatment to allergic mice further increased airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet metaplasia. Treatment with dexamethasone was associated with increased neutrophilic inflammation in HODE treated allergic mice; unlike control allergic mice that showed resolution of inflammation. HODE induced loss of steroid sensitivity was associated with increased p-NFkB in mice and reduced GR-α transcript levels in cultured human bronchial epithelia. In summary, HODE modifies typical AAI to recapitulate many of the phenotypic features seen in severe steroid unresponsive asthma. We speculate that since HODE is a natural metabolite, it may be relevant to the increased asthma severity and steroid insensitivity in patients who are obese or consume high fat diets. Further characterization of HODE induced steroid insensitivity may clarify the mechanisms.
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29
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Statovci D, Aguilera M, MacSharry J, Melgar S. The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces. Front Immunol 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28804483 PMCID: PMC5532387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host’s physiological responses or by directly targeting the host response. The microbial community in the mammalian gut is a complex and dynamic system crucial for the development and maturation of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, the complex interaction between available nutrients, the microbiota, and the immune system are central regulators in maintaining homeostasis and fighting against invading pathogens at mucosal sites. Westernized diet, defined as high dietary intake of saturated fats and sucrose and low intake of fiber, represent a growing health risk contributing to the increased occurrence of metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes and obesity in countries adapting a westernized lifestyle. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma are chronic mucosal inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology with increasing prevalence worldwide. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses. Their increased prevalence cannot solely be attributed to genetic considerations implying that other factors such as diet can be a major contributor. Recent reports indicate that the gut microbiota and modifications thereof, due to a consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and low in fibers, can trigger factors regulating the development and/or progression of both conditions. While asthma is a disease of the airways, increasing evidence indicates a link between the gut and airways in disease development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the impact of westernized diet and associated nutrients on immune cell responses and the microbiota and how these can influence the pathology of IBD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donjete Statovci
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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30
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Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, Balish MF, Atkinson TP. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev 2017; 30:747-809. [PMID: 28539503 PMCID: PMC5475226 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00114-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of respiratory tract infections in children as well as adults that can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Over the past several years there has been much new information published concerning infections caused by this organism. New molecular-based tests for M. pneumoniae detection are now commercially available in the United States, and advances in molecular typing systems have enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of infections. More strains have had their entire genome sequences published, providing additional insights into pathogenic mechanisms. Clinically significant acquired macrolide resistance has emerged worldwide and is now complicating treatment. In vitro susceptibility testing methods have been standardized, and several new drugs that may be effective against this organism are undergoing development. This review focuses on the many new developments that have occurred over the past several years that enhance our understanding of this microbe, which is among the smallest bacterial pathogens but one of great clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken B Waites
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, and Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | | | - T Prescott Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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31
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Epstein MM, Tilp C, Erb KJ. The Use of Mouse Asthma Models to Successfully Discover and Develop Novel Drugs. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 173:61-70. [PMID: 28586774 DOI: 10.1159/000473699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 20 years have seen a proliferation of scientific data on the pathophysiology of asthma. Most of these data were generated in mice using tool reagents, gene-deficient or transgenic animals. In contrast, studies on disease pathogenesis in patients are scarce. Previously, a good novel antiasthma target for drug development was one that abrogated asthma in mice when it was knocked out, neutralized or induced asthma when it was overexpressed. This type of approach led to many drug candidates that worked in mice but unfortunately failed in patients, thereby demonstrating that the results of experiments in mice are not always predictive of clinical efficacy. Currently, there is active debate about the use of mouse models in drug discovery. In this review, we summarize the obstacles and challenges faced when using experimental mouse models of asthma in drug discovery. We propose that the initial selection of a novel drug target begins with defining the unmet medical need and specific patient population, followed by a thorough evaluation of available human data, and, only then, well-planned and executed mouse asthma experiments. Using this approach, we argue that mouse models lend support for the target when the models are tailored for the specific asthma patient population, and that targeted, reliable, and predictive mouse models can indeed improve and accelerate the drug discovery process.
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32
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Pali-Schöll I, Roth-Walter F. Outstanding animal studies in allergy I. From asthma to food allergy and anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 17:169-179. [PMID: 28346234 PMCID: PMC5424575 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Animal models published within the past 18 months on asthma, food allergy and anaphylaxis, all conditions of rising public health concern, were reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS While domestic animals spontaneously develop asthma, food allergy and anaphylaxis, in animal models, divergent sensitization and challenge routes, dosages, intervals and antigens are used to induce asthmatic, food allergic or anaphylactic phenotypes. This must be considered in the interpretation of results. Instead of model antigens, gradually relevant allergens such as house dust mite in asthma, and food allergens like peanut, apple and peach in food allergy research were used. Novel engineered mouse models such as a mouse with a T-cell receptor for house dust mite allergen Der p 1, or with transgenic human hFcγR genes, facilitated the investigation of single molecules of interest. Whole-body plethysmography has become a state-of-the-art in-vivo readout in asthma research. In food allergy and anaphylaxis research, novel techniques were developed allowing real-time monitoring of in-vivo effects following allergen challenge. Networks to share tissues were established as an effort to reduce animal experiments in allergy which cannot be replaced by in-vitro measures. SUMMARY Natural and artificial animal models were used to explore the pathophysiology of asthma, food allergy and anaphylaxis and to improve prophylactic and therapeutic measures. Especially the novel mouse models mimicking molecular aspects of the complex immune network in asthma, food allergy and anaphylaxis will facilitate proof-of-concept studies under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Maltby S, Tay HL, Yang M, Foster PS. Mouse models of severe asthma: Understanding the mechanisms of steroid resistance, tissue remodelling and disease exacerbation. Respirology 2017; 22:874-885. [PMID: 28401621 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe asthma has significant disease burden and results in high healthcare costs. While existing therapies are effective for the majority of asthma patients, treatments for individuals with severe asthma are often ineffective. Mouse models are useful to identify mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and for the preclinical assessment of new therapies. In fact, existing mouse models have contributed significantly to our understanding of allergic/eosinophilic phenotypes of asthma and facilitated the development of novel targeted therapies (e.g. anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE). These therapies are effective in relevant subsets of severe asthma patients. Unfortunately, non-allergic/non-eosinophilic asthma, steroid resistance and disease exacerbation remain areas of unmet clinical need. No mouse model encompasses all features of severe asthma. However, mouse models can provide insight into pathogenic pathways that are relevant to severe asthma. In this review, as examples, we highlight models relevant to understanding steroid resistance, chronic tissue remodelling and disease exacerbation. Although these models highlight the complexity of the immune pathways that may underlie severe asthma, they also provide insight into new potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Maltby
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hock L Tay
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Lim TK, Ko FWS, Benton MJ, Berge MVD, Mak J. Year in review 2016: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Respirology 2017; 22:820-828. [PMID: 28371172 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tow Keang Lim
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fanny W S Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Melissa J Benton
- Helen and Arthur E. Johnson Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Maarten Van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Mak
- Department of Medicine, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Shi J, Chen M, Ouyang L, Huang L, Lin X, Zhang W, Liang R, Lv Z, Liu S, Jiang S. Airway smooth muscle cells from ovalbumin-sensitized mice show increased proliferative response to TGFβ1 due to upregulation of Smad3 and TGFβRII. J Asthma 2016; 54:467-475. [PMID: 27905842 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1225760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the role of Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling in the proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). BACKGROUND TGF-β1 is an important cytokine in airway remodeling in asthma. However, results of studies focusing on the effect of TGFβ1 on proliferation of ASMCs are controversial. METHODS An allergic model that mimics airway remodeling in chronic asthma was established and primary ASMCs were cultured. Cell proliferation was detected by viable cell counting and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 analysis. Expression and phosphorylation of Smad3, type 1 TGFβ receptor (TGFβRI), type 2 TGFβ receptor (TGFβRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and AKT were detected by western blot. siRNAs were used to knock down Smad3 and TGFβRII. RESULTS Smad3 and TGFβRII were up-regulated in primary ASMCs isolated from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice as compared with ASMCs isolated from unsensitized control mice, which persisted for at least four passages. TGFβ1 stimulated proliferation of ASMCs isolated from OVA-sensitized mice, which was inhibited by specific siRNA targeting Smad3 or TGFβRII. However ASMCs from control mice showed no proliferative response to TGFβ1. TGFβ1-induced proliferation of ASMCs from OVA-sensitized mice was markedly attenuated by PD-98059, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor. TGFβ1 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation within 15 minute, which was partially blocked by specific inhibitor of Smad3 (SIS3). CONCLUSIONS ASMCs isolated from OVA-sensitized mice showed hyper-proliferation upon TGFβ1 stimulation. This might have been associated with up-regulated Smad3 and TGFβRII and mediated by ERK1/2 downstream to Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Shi
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Chen
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lihua Ouyang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Linjie Huang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruiyun Liang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shanying Liu
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation , Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Roggenbuck M, Anderson D, Barfod KK, Feelisch M, Geldenhuys S, Sørensen SJ, Weeden CE, Hart PH, Gorman S. Vitamin D and allergic airway disease shape the murine lung microbiome in a sex-specific manner. Respir Res 2016; 17:116. [PMID: 27655266 PMCID: PMC5031331 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is under scrutiny as a potential regulator of the development of respiratory diseases characterised by chronic lung inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has anti-inflammatory effects; however, knowledge around the relationship between dietary vitamin D, inflammation and the microbiome in the lungs is limited. In our previous studies, we observed more inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased bacterial load in the lungs of vitamin D-deficient male mice with allergic airway disease, suggesting that vitamin D might modulate the lung microbiome. In the current study, we examined in more depth the effects of vitamin D deficiency initiated early in life, and subsequent supplementation with dietary vitamin D on the composition of the lung microbiome and the extent of respiratory inflammation. Methods BALB/c dams were fed a vitamin D-supplemented or -deficient diet throughout gestation and lactation, with offspring continued on this diet post-natally. Some initially deficient offspring were fed a supplemented diet from 8 weeks of age. The lungs of naïve adult male and female offspring were compared prior to the induction of allergic airway disease. In further experiments, offspring were sensitised and boosted with the experimental allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), and T helper type 2-skewing adjuvant, aluminium hydroxide, followed by a single respiratory challenge with OVA. Results In mice fed a vitamin D-containing diet throughout life, a sex difference in the lung microbial community was observed, with increased levels of an Acinetobacter operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in female lungs compared to male lungs. This effect was not observed in vitamin D-deficient mice or initially deficient mice supplemented with vitamin D from early adulthood. In addition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels inversely correlated with total bacterial OTUs, and Pseudomonas OTUs in the lungs. Increased levels of the antimicrobial murine ß-defensin-2 were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of male and female mice fed a vitamin D-containing diet. The induction of OVA-induced allergic airway disease itself had a profound affect on the OTUs identified in the lung microbiome, which was accompanied by substantially more respiratory inflammation than that induced by vitamin D deficiency alone. Conclusion These data support the notion that maintaining sufficient vitamin D is necessary for optimal lung health, and that vitamin D may modulate the lung microbiome in a sex-specific fashion. Furthermore, our data suggest that the magnitude of the pro-inflammatory and microbiome-modifying effects of vitamin D deficiency were substantially less than that of allergic airway disease, and that there is an important interplay between respiratory inflammation and the lung microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roggenbuck
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | | | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Sian Geldenhuys
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.
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