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Heise V, Offer A, Whiteley W, Mackay CE, Armitage JM, Parish S. A comprehensive analysis of APOE genotype effects on human brain structure in the UK Biobank. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:143. [PMID: 38472178 PMCID: PMC10933274 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk is increased in carriers of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and decreased in ε2 allele carriers compared with the ε3ε3 genotype. The aim of this study was to determine whether: the APOE genotype affects brain grey (GM) or white matter (WM) structure; and if differences exist, the age when they become apparent and whether there are differential effects by sex. We used cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging data from ~43,000 (28,494 after pre-processing) white British cognitively healthy participants (7,446 APOE ε4 carriers) aged 45-80 years from the UK Biobank cohort and investigated image-derived phenotypes (IDPs). We observed no statistically significant effects of APOE genotype on GM structure volumes or median T2* in subcortical structures, a measure related to iron content. The volume of white matter hyperintensities differed significantly between APOE genotype groups with higher volumes in APOE ε4ε4 (effect size 0.14 standard deviations [SD]) and ε3ε4 carriers (effect size 0.04 SD) but no differences in ε2 carriers compared with ε3ε3 carriers. WM integrity measures in the dorsal (mean diffusivity [MD]) and ventral cingulum (MD and intracellular volume fraction), posterior thalamic radiation (MD and isotropic volume fraction) and sagittal stratum (MD) indicated lower integrity in APOE ε4ε4 carriers (effect sizes around 0.2-0.3 SD) and ε3ε4 (effect sizes around 0.05 SD) carriers but no differences in ε2 carriers compared with the APOE ε3ε3 genotype. Effects did not differ between men and women. APOE ε4 homozygotes had lower WM integrity specifically at older ages with a steeper decline of WM integrity from the age of 60 that corresponds to around 5 years greater "brain age". APOE genotype affects various white matters measures, which might be indicative of preclinical AD processes. This hypothesis can be assessed in future when clinical outcomes become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Heise
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Offer
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Whiteley
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clare E Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane M Armitage
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Parish
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Tato-Fernández C, Ekblad LL, Pietilä E, Saunavaara V, Helin S, Parkkola R, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Rinne JO, Snellman A. Cognitively healthy APOE4/4 carriers show white matter impairment associated with serum NfL and amyloid-PET. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106439. [PMID: 38365046 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Except for aging, carrying the APOE ε4 allele (APOE4) is the most important risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. APOE4 carriers may have reduced capacity to recycle lipids, resulting in white matter microstructural abnormalities. In this study, we evaluated whether white matter impairment measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) differs between healthy individuals with a different number of APOE4 alleles, and whether white matter impairment associates with brain beta-amyloid (Aβ) load and serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL). We studied 96 participants (APOE3/3, N = 37; APOE3/4, N = 39; APOE4/4, N = 20; mean age 70.7 (SD 5.22) years, 63% females) with a brain MRI including a DTI sequence (N = 96), Aβ-PET (N = 89) and a venous blood sample for the serum NfL concentration measurement (N = 88). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AxD) in six a priori-selected white matter regions-of-interest (ROIs) were compared between the groups using ANCOVA, with sex and age as covariates. A voxel-weighted average of FA, MD, RD and AxD was calculated for each subject, and correlations with Aβ-PET and NfL levels were evaluated. APOE4/4 carriers exhibited a higher MD and a higher RD in the body of corpus callosum than APOE3/4 (p = 0.0053 and p = 0.0049, respectively) and APOE3/3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.042). APOE4/4 carriers had a higher AxD than APOE3/4 (p = 0.012) and APOE3/3 (p = 0.040) in the right cingulum adjacent to cingulate cortex. In the total sample, composite MD, RD and AxD positively correlated with the cortical Aβ load (r = 0.26 to 0.33, p < 0.013 for all) and with serum NfL concentrations (r = 0.31 to 0.36, p < 0.0028 for all). In conclusion, increased local diffusivity was detected in cognitively unimpaired APOE4/4 homozygotes compared to APOE3/4 and APOE3/3 carriers, and increased diffusivity correlated with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration. White matter impairment seems to be an early phenomenon in the Alzheimer's disease pathologic process in APOE4/4 homozygotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tato-Fernández
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura L Ekblad
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Pietilä
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Physics, Division of Medical Imaging, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Reas ET, Triebswetter C, Banks SJ, McEvoy LK. Effects of APOE2 and APOE4 on brain microstructure in older adults: modification by age, sex, and cognitive status. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:7. [PMID: 38212861 PMCID: PMC10782616 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas APOE2 confers protection. However, effects of APOE on neurodegeneration in cognitively intact individuals, and how these associations evolve with cognitive decline, are unclear. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated whether effects of APOE on neurodegenerative changes are modified by other AD key risk factors including age and sex. METHODS Participants included older adults (57% women; 77 ± 7 years) from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Health Aging and the University of California San Diego Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, including 192 cognitively normal (CN) individuals and 33 with mild cognitive impairment. Participants underwent diffusion MRI, and multicompartment restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) metrics were computed in white matter, gray matter, and subcortical regions of interest. Participants were classified as APOE4 carriers, APOE2 carriers, and APOE3 homozygotes. Analysis of covariance among CN (adjusting for age, sex, and scanner) assessed differences in brain microstructure by APOE, as well as interactions between APOE and sex. Analyses across all participants examined interactions between APOE4 and cognitive status. Linear regressions assessed APOE by age interactions. RESULTS Among CN, APOE4 carriers showed lower entorhinal cortex neurite density than non-carriers, whereas APOE2 carriers showed lower cingulum neurite density than non-carriers. Differences in entorhinal microstructure by APOE4 and in entorhinal and cingulum microstructure by APOE2 were present for women only. Age correlated with lower entorhinal restricted isotropic diffusion among APOE4 non-carriers, whereas age correlated with lower putamen restricted isotropic diffusion among APOE4 carriers. Differences in microstructure between cognitively normal and impaired participants were stronger for APOE4-carriers in medial temporal regions, thalamus, and global gray matter, but stronger for non-carriers in caudate. CONCLUSIONS The entorhinal cortex may be an early target of neurodegenerative changes associated with APOE4 in presymptomatic individuals, whereas APOE2 may support beneficial white matter and entorhinal microstructure, with potential sex differences that warrant further investigation. APOE modifies microstructural patterns associated with aging and cognitive impairment, which may advance the development of biomarkers to distinguish microstructural changes characteristic of normal brain aging, APOE-dependent pathways, and non-AD etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie T Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0841, UCSD,9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0841, USA.
| | - Curtis Triebswetter
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0841, UCSD,9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0841, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0841, UCSD,9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093-0841, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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White-Matter Integrity and Working Memory: Links to Aging and Dopamine-Related Genes. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0413-21.2022. [PMID: 35346961 PMCID: PMC9014983 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0413-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory, a core function underlying many higher-level cognitive processes, requires cooperation of multiple brain regions. White matter refers to myelinated axons, which are critical to interregional brain communication. Past studies on the association between white-matter integrity and working memory have yielded mixed findings. Using voxelwise tract-based spatial statistics analysis, we investigated this relationship in a sample of 328 healthy adults from 25 to 80 years of age. Given the important role of dopamine (DA) in working-memory functioning and white matter, we also analyzed the effects of dopamine-related genes on them. There were associations between white-matter integrity and working memory in multiple tracts, indicating that working-memory functioning relies on global connections between different brain areas across the adult life span. Moreover, a mediation analysis suggested that white-matter integrity contributes to age-related differences in working memory. Finally, there was an effect of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on white-matter integrity, such that Val/Val carriers had lower fractional anisotropy values than any Met carriers in the internal capsule, corona radiata, and posterior thalamic radiation. As this polymorphism has been associated with dopaminergic tone in the prefrontal cortex, this result provides evidence for a link between DA neurotransmission and white matter. Together, the results support a link between white-matter integrity and working memory, and provide evidence for its interplay with age- and DA-related genes.
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Andersson P, Li X, Persson J. The association between control of interference and white-matter integrity: A cross-sectional and longitudinal investigation. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 114:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Basavaraju P, Balasubramani R, Kathiresan DS, Devaraj I, Babu K, Alagarsamy V, Puthamohan VM. Genetic Regulatory Networks of Apolipoproteins and Associated Medical Risks. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:788852. [PMID: 35071357 PMCID: PMC8770923 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APO proteins) are the lipoprotein family proteins that play key roles in transporting lipoproteins all over the body. There are nearly more than twenty members reported in the APO protein family, among which the A, B, C, E, and L play major roles in contributing genetic risks to several disorders. Among these genetic risks, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), involving the variation of single nucleotide base pairs, and their contributing polymorphisms play crucial roles in the apolipoprotein family and its concordant disease heterogeneity that have predominantly recurred through the years. In this review, we have contributed a handful of information on such genetic polymorphisms that include APOE, ApoA1/B ratio, and A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster-based population genetic studies carried throughout the world, to elaborately discuss the effects of various genetic polymorphisms in imparting various medical conditions, such as obesity, cardiovascular, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, vascular complications, and other associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Basavaraju
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rubadevi Balasubramani
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Divya Sri Kathiresan
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ilakkiyapavai Devaraj
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kavipriya Babu
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vasanthakumar Alagarsamy
- Biomaterials and Nano-Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Vinayaga Moorthi Puthamohan
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Raffin J, Rolland Y, He L, Perus L, Mangin JF, Gabelle A, Virecoulon Giudici K, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Cross-sectional and longitudinal interaction effects of physical activity and APOE-ε4 on white matter integrity in older adults: The MAPT study. Maturitas 2021; 152:10-19. [PMID: 34674803 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has been shown to modulate the detrimental effect of carrying the apolipoprotein-E epsilon 4 (APOE-ɛ4) allele on brain structure. However, the current literature mainly provides cross-sectional data, and longitudinal studies investigating the interaction between genotype and PA on white matter (WM) integrity are lacking. OBJECTIVES We investigated both the cross-sectional and the longitudinal interactive effects of APOE-ɛ4 and PA on WM integrity in older adults. METHODS Fractional anisotropy, as well as axial, radial, and mean diffusivity, extracted from brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to assess WM integrity in non-demented older adults. They were categorized according to their APOE-ɛ4 status (carriers vs. non-carriers), and their level of total (TPA), moderate to vigorous (MVPA) and light (LPA) PA were assessed using a questionnaire. Mixed model regressions were performed to test the interactive effects of APOE-ɛ4 status and PA on WM integrity at baseline and over a 3-year follow-up. RESULTS 190 subjects with a mean age 74.5 years (SD = 3.9) were examined. Despite a lack of cross-sectional associations, sensitivity analyses revealed that, in the carrier group only, higher levels of LPA, but not MVPA, were mainly associated with higher axial and mean diffusivity values over time. CONCLUSIONS This study partially confirms the previously reported interactive associations between PA, APOE-ɛ4 genotype and WM integrity, supporting the hypothesis that PA may protect against fiber loss in WM tracts containing crossing fibers. Future studies assessing sedentary behaviors in addition to PA could bring relevant contributions to the field. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER FROM CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT00672685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Raffin
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM, 1027 University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France, Faculté de Médecine, 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Lingxiao He
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Lisa Perus
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, Inserm U1061, University of Montpellier i-site MUSE
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI multicenter neuroimaging platform, Neurospin, CEA Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University Hospital, 34295 Montpellier, Inserm U1061, University of Montpellier i-site MUSE
| | - Kelly Virecoulon Giudici
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM, 1027 University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France, Faculté de Médecine, 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM, 1027 University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France, Faculté de Médecine, 37 allées Jules Guesde 31000 Toulouse, France
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Pedersen R, Geerligs L, Andersson M, Gorbach T, Avelar-Pereira B, Wåhlin A, Rieckmann A, Nyberg L, Salami A. When functional blurring becomes deleterious: Reduced system segregation is associated with less white matter integrity and cognitive decline in aging. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118449. [PMID: 34358662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is accompanied by progressive decline in cognitive performance and concomitant changes in brain structure and functional architecture. Age-accompanied alterations in brain function have been characterized on a network level as weaker functional connections within brain networks along with stronger interactions between networks. This phenomenon has been described as age-related differences in functional network segregation. It has been suggested that functional networks related to associative processes are particularly sensitive to age-related deterioration in segregation, possibly related to cognitive decline in aging. However, there have been only a few longitudinal studies with inconclusive results. Here, we used a large longitudinal sample of 284 participants between 25 to 80 years of age at baseline, with cognitive and neuroimaging data collected at up to three time points over a 10-year period. We investigated age-related changes in functional segregation among two large-scale systems comprising associative and sensorimotor-related resting-state networks. We found that functional segregation of associative systems declines in aging with exacerbated deterioration from the late fifties. Changes in associative segregation were positively associated with changes in global cognitive ability, suggesting that decreased segregation has negative consequences for domain-general cognitive functions. Age-related changes in system segregation were partly accounted for by changes in white matter integrity, but white matter integrity only weakly influenced the association between segregation and cognition. Together, these novel findings suggest a cascade where reduced white-matter integrity leads to less distinctive functional systems which in turn contributes to cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pedersen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Linda Geerligs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radbound University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Matijevic S, Ryan L. Tract Specificity of Age Effects on Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures of White Matter Health. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:628865. [PMID: 33790778 PMCID: PMC8006297 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.628865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-established literature indicates that older adults have poorer cerebral white matter integrity, as measured through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Age differences in DTI have been observed widely across white matter, although some tracts appear more sensitive to the effects of aging than others. Factors like APOE ε4 status and sex may contribute to individual differences in white matter integrity that also selectively impact certain tracts, and could influence DTI changes in aging. The present study explored the degree to which age, APOE ε4, and sex exerted global vs. tract specific effects on DTI metrics in cognitively healthy late middle-aged to older adults. Data from 49 older adults (ages 54–92) at two time-points separated by approximately 2.7 years were collected. DTI metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), were extracted from nine white matter tracts and global white matter. Results showed that across timepoints, FA and MD increased globally, with no tract-specific changes observed. Baseline age had a global influence on both measures, with increasing age associated with lower FA and higher MD. After controlling for global white matter FA, age additionally predicted FA for the genu, callosum body, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and both anterior and posterior cingulum. Females exhibited lower global FA on average compared to males. In contrast, MD was selectively elevated in the anterior cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), for females compared to males. APOE ε4 status was not predictive of either measure. In summary, these results indicate that age and sex are associated with both global and tract-specific alterations to DTI metrics among a healthy older adult cohort. Older women have poorer white matter integrity compared to older men, perhaps related to menopause-induced metabolic changes. While age-related alterations to white matter integrity are global, there is substantial variation in the degree to which tracts are impacted, possibly as a consequence of tract anatomical variability. The present study highlights the importance of accounting for global sources of variation in DTI metrics when attempting to investigate individual differences (due to age, sex, or other factors) in specific white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Matijevic
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lee Ryan
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Avelar-Pereira B, Bäckman L, Wåhlin A, Nyberg L, Salami A. Increased functional homotopy of the prefrontal cortex is associated with corpus callosum degeneration and working memory decline. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:68-78. [PMID: 32949903 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional homotopy reflects the link between spontaneous activity in a voxel and its counterpart in the opposite hemisphere. Alterations in homotopic functional connectivity (FC) are seen in normal aging, with highest and lowest homotopy being present in sensory-motor and higher-order regions, respectively. Homotopic FC relates to underlying structural connections, but its neurobiological underpinnings remain unclear. The genu of the corpus callosum joins symmetrical parts of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is susceptible to age-related degeneration, suggesting that PFC homotopic connectivity is linked to changes in white-matter integrity. We investigated homotopic connectivity changes and whether these were associated with white-matter integrity in 338 individuals. In addition, we examined whether PFC homotopic FC was related to changes in the genu over 10 years and working memory over 5 years. There were increases and decreases in functional homotopy, with the former being prevalent in subcortical and frontal regions. Increased PFC homotopic FC was partially driven by structural degeneration and negatively associated with working memory, suggesting that it reflects detrimental age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Avelar-Pereira
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Harrison JR, Bhatia S, Tan ZX, Mirza-Davies A, Benkert H, Tax CMW, Jones DK. Imaging Alzheimer's genetic risk using diffusion MRI: A systematic review. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102359. [PMID: 32758801 PMCID: PMC7399253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an imaging technique which probes the random motion of water molecules in tissues and has been widely applied to investigate changes in white matter microstructure in Alzheimer's Disease. This paper aims to systematically review studies that examined the effect of Alzheimer's risk genes on white matter microstructure. We assimilated findings from 37 studies and reviewed their diffusion pre-processing and analysis methods. Most studies estimate the diffusion tensor (DT) and compare derived quantitative measures such as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity between groups. Those with increased AD genetic risk are associated with reduced anisotropy and increased diffusivity across the brain, most notably the temporal and frontal lobes, cingulum and corpus callosum. Structural abnormalities are most evident amongst those with established Alzheimer's Disease. Recent studies employ signal representations and analysis frameworks beyond DT MRI but show that dMRI overall lacks specificity to disease pathology. However, as the field advances, these techniques may prove useful in pre-symptomatic diagnosis or staging of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Harrison
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
| | - Sanchita Bhatia
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhao Xuan Tan
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anastasia Mirza-Davies
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hannah Benkert
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Chantal M W Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Power MC, Su D, Wu A, Reid RI, Jack CR, Knopman DS, Coresh J, Huang J, Kantarci K, Sharrett AR, Gottesman RG, Griswold ME, Mosley TH. Association of white matter microstructural integrity with cognition and dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83:63-72. [PMID: 31585368 PMCID: PMC6914220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Late-life measures of white matter (WM) microstructural integrity may predict cognitive status, cognitive decline, and incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. We considered participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who underwent cognitive assessment and neuroimaging in 2011-2013 and were followed through 2016-2017 (n = 1775 for analyses of prevalent MCI and dementia, baseline cognitive performance, and longitudinal cognitive change and n = 889 for analyses of incident MCI, dementia, or death). Cross-sectionally, both overall WM fractional anisotropy and overall WM mean diffusivity were strongly associated with baseline cognitive performance and risk of prevalent MCI or dementia. Longitudinally, greater overall WM mean diffusivity was associated with accelerated cognitive decline, as well as incident MCI, incident dementia, and mortality, but WM fractional anisotropy was not robustly associated with cognitive change or incident cognitive impairment. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations were attenuated after additionally adjusting for likely downstream pathologic changes. Increased WM mean diffusivity may provide an early indication of dementia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Data Science, JD Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Aozhou Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert I Reid
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Joe Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juebin Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca G Gottesman
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mike E Griswold
- Department of Data Science, JD Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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13
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Functional coherence of striatal resting-state networks is modulated by striatal iron content. Neuroimage 2018; 183:495-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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14
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O'Donoghue MC, Murphy SE, Zamboni G, Nobre AC, Mackay CE. APOE genotype and cognition in healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease: A review. Cortex 2018; 104:103-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Cavedo E, Lista S, Rojkova K, Chiesa PA, Houot M, Brueggen K, Blautzik J, Bokde ALW, Dubois B, Barkhof F, Pouwels PJW, Teipel S, Hampel H. Disrupted white matter structural networks in healthy older adult APOE ε4 carriers - An international multicenter DTI study. Neuroscience 2017; 357:119-133. [PMID: 28596117 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allelic variant of the Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE ε4) is the best-established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). White matter (WM) microstructural damages measured with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) represent an early sign of fiber tract disconnection in AD. We examined the impact of APOE ε4 on WM microstructure in elderly individuals from the multicenter European DTI Study on Dementia. Voxelwise statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, radial and axial diffusivity (MD, radD and axD respectively) was carried out using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Seventy-four healthy elderly individuals - 31 APOE ε4 carriers (APOE ε4+) and 43 APOE ε4 non-carriers (APOE ε4-) -were considered for data analysis. All the results were corrected for scanner acquisition protocols, age, gender and for multiple comparisons. APOE ε4+ and APOE ε4- subjects were comparable regarding sociodemographic features and global cognition. A significant reduction of FA and increased radD was found in the APOE ε4+ compared to the APOE ε4- in the cingulum, in the corpus callosum, in the inferior fronto-occipital and in the inferior longitudinal fasciculi, internal and external capsule. APOE ε4+, compared to APOE ε4- showed higher MD in the genu, right internal capsule, superior longitudinal fasciculus and corona radiate. Comparisons stratified by center supported the results obtained on the whole sample. These findings support previous evidence in monocentric studies indicating a modulatory role of APOE ɛ4 allele on WM microstructure in elderly individuals at risk for AD suggesting early vulnerability and/or reduced resilience of WM tracts involved in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Cavedo
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France; Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Simone Lista
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Katrine Rojkova
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrizia A Chiesa
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marion Houot
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Centre of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), ICM, APHP Department of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Paris 6, Paris, France
| | | | - Janusch Blautzik
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Department of MRI, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Sorbonne Universities, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris 06, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A) & Brain and Spine Institute (ICM) UMR S 1127, Departament of Neurology, Hopital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Teipel
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Liu Z, Zhang J, Li X, Cui R, Zhang Z. Association of White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Functions in Chinese Non-Demented Elderly with the APOE ɛ4 Allele. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:781-91. [PMID: 26402101 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate abnormality of white matter integrity and its relationship to cognitive impairments in Chinese non-demented elderly with and without the ɛ4 allele. We assessed cognitive differences using a series of neuropsychological tests and assessed white matter integrity using tract-based spatial statistics to measure mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. We determined that there were no statistically significant group differences in any neuropsychological measures. However, APOEɛ4 carriers without cognitive decline exhibited widespread disruption of the white matter tracts in several areas, including the cingulum, fornix, corpus callosum, and corona radiate. Furthermore, a correlation analysis in ɛ4 carriers indicated that disruption of the right fornix stria terminalis and the genu of the corpus callosum were positively associated with cognitive impairment, including memory, executive function, spatial processing, attention, and language. The present study reveals the deleterious effects of the ɛ4 allele on white matter, and this damage may potentially serve as a biomarker in preclinical investigations. Our promising results encourage further investigation using a multidimensional longitudinal approach with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Cui
- PET Center, Nuclear Medicine Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China.,BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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17
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Voineskos AN, Felsky D, Wheeler AL, Rotenberg DJ, Levesque M, Patel S, Szeszko PR, Kennedy JL, Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Limited Evidence for Association of Genome-Wide Schizophrenia Risk Variants on Cortical Neuroimaging Phenotypes. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:1027-36. [PMID: 26712857 PMCID: PMC4903045 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are now over 100 established genetic risk variants for schizophrenia; however, their influence on brain structure and circuitry across the human lifespan are not known. METHODS We examined healthy individuals 8-86 years of age, from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, the Zucker Hillside Hospital, and the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Following thorough quality control procedures, we investigated associations of established genetic risk variants with heritable neuroimaging phenotypes relevant to schizophrenia, namely thickness of frontal and temporal cortical regions (n = 565) and frontotemporal and interhemispheric white matter tract fractional anisotropy (FA) (n = 530). RESULTS There was little evidence for association of risk variants with imaging phenotypes. No association with cortical thickness of any region was present. Only rs12148337, near a long noncoding RNA region, was associated with white matter FA (splenium of corpus callosum) following multiple comparison correction (corrected p = .012); this single nucleotide polymorphism was also associated with genu FA and superior longitudinal fasciculus FA at p <.005 (uncorrected). There was no association of polygenic risk score with white matter FA or cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS In sum, our findings provide limited evidence for association of schizophrenia risk variants with cortical thickness or diffusion imaging white matter phenotypes. When taken with recent lack of association of these variants with subcortical brain volumes, our results either suggest that structural neuroimaging approaches at current resolution are not sufficiently sensitive to detect effects of these risk variants or that multiple comparison correction in correlated phenotypes is too stringent, potentially "eliminating" biologically important signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,These authors contributed equally to the article.,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5R 1T8, Canada; tel: 416-535-8501 x33977, fax: 416-260-4162, e-mail:
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Anne L. Wheeler
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Rotenberg
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Levesque
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sejal Patel
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY;,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute, Manhasset, NY
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Lencz
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY;,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute, Manhasset, NY
| | - Anil K. Malhotra
- Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY;,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute, Manhasset, NY
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18
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Rieckmann A, Van Dijk KRA, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Buckner RL, Hedden T. Accelerated decline in white matter integrity in clinically normal individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 42:177-88. [PMID: 27143434 PMCID: PMC4857135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have identified white matter abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, cross-sectional studies in normal older individuals show little evidence for an association between markers of AD risk (APOE4 genotype and amyloid deposition), and white matter integrity. Here, 108 normal older adults (age, 66-87) with assessments of apolipoprotein e4 (APOE4) genotype and assessment of amyloid burden by positron emission tomography underwent diffusion tensor imaging scans for measuring white matter integrity at 2 time points, on average 2.6 years apart. Linear mixed-effects models showed that amyloid burden at baseline was associated with steeper decline in fractional anisotropy in the parahippocampal cingulum (p < 0.05). This association was not significant between baseline measures suggesting that longitudinal analyses can provide novel insights that are not detectable in cross-sectional designs. Amyloid-related changes in hippocampus volume did not explain the association between amyloid burden and change in fractional anisotropy. The results suggest that accumulation of cortical amyloid and white matter changes in parahippocampal cingulum are not independent processes in individuals at increased risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rieckmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Tai LM, Thomas R, Marottoli FM, Koster KP, Kanekiyo T, Morris AWJ, Bu G. The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:709-23. [PMID: 26884068 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is associated with cognitive decline during aging, is the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and has links to other neurodegenerative conditions that affect cognition. Increasing evidence indicates that APOE genotypes differentially modulate the function of the cerebrovasculature (CV), with apoE and its receptors expressed by different cell types at the CV interface (astrocytes, pericytes, smooth muscle cells, brain endothelial cells). However, research on the role of apoE in CV dysfunction has not advanced as quickly as other apoE-modulated pathways. This review will assess what aspects of the CV are modulated by APOE genotypes during aging and under disease states, discuss potential mechanisms, and summarize the therapeutic significance of the topic. We propose that APOE4 induces CV dysfunction through direct signaling at the CV, and indirectly via modulation of peripheral and central pathways. Further, that APOE4 predisposes the CV to damage by, and exacerbates the effects of, additional risk factors (such as sex, hypertension, and diabetes). ApoE4-induced detrimental CV changes include reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF), modified neuron-CBF coupling, increased blood-brain barrier leakiness, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, hemorrhages and disrupted transport of nutrients and toxins. The apoE4-induced detrimental changes may be linked to pericyte migration/activation, astrocyte activation, smooth muscle cell damage, basement membrane degradation and alterations in brain endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Riya Thomas
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Felecia M Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kevin P Koster
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alan W J Morris
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S.Wood St., M/C 512, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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20
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Altered tract-specific white matter microstructure is related to poorer cognitive performance: The Rotterdam Study. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:108-17. [PMID: 26923407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Giddaluru S, Espeseth T, Salami A, Westlye LT, Lundquist A, Christoforou A, Cichon S, Adolfsson R, Steen VM, Reinvang I, Nilsson LG, Le Hellard S, Nyberg L. Genetics of structural connectivity and information processing in the brain. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:4643-4661. [PMID: 26852023 PMCID: PMC5102980 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors underlying brain structural connectivity is a major challenge in imaging genetics. Here, we present results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of whole-brain white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of microstructural coherence measured using diffusion tensor imaging. Data from independent GWASs of 355 Swedish and 250 Norwegian healthy adults were integrated by meta-analysis to enhance power. Complementary GWASs on behavioral data reflecting processing speed, which is related to microstructural properties of WM pathways, were performed and integrated with WM FA results via multimodal analysis to identify shared genetic associations. One locus on chromosome 17 (rs145994492) showed genome-wide significant association with WM FA (meta P value = 1.87 × 10-08). Suggestive associations (Meta P value <1 × 10-06) were observed for 12 loci, including one containing ZFPM2 (lowest meta P value = 7.44 × 10-08). This locus was also implicated in multimodal analysis of WM FA and processing speed (lowest Fisher P value = 8.56 × 10-07). ZFPM2 is relevant in specification of corticothalamic neurons during brain development. Analysis of SNPs associated with processing speed revealed association with a locus that included SSPO (lowest meta P value = 4.37 × 10-08), which has been linked to commissural axon growth. An intergenic SNP (rs183854424) 14 kb downstream of CSMD1, which is implicated in schizophrenia, showed suggestive evidence of association in the WM FA meta-analysis (meta P value = 1.43 × 10-07) and the multimodal analysis (Fisher P value = 1 × 10-07). These findings provide novel data on the genetics of WM pathways and processing speed, and highlight a role of ZFPM2 and CSMD1 in information processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Giddaluru
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,K.G.Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 11330, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars T Westlye
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Statistics, USBF, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,K.G.Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sven Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, 52425, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vidar M Steen
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,K.G.Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Göran Nilsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.,ARC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Le Hellard
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,K.G.Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
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Interactive effects of physical activity and APOE-ε4 on white matter tract diffusivity in healthy elders. Neuroimage 2015; 131:102-12. [PMID: 26265157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adult apolipoprotein-E epsilon 4 (APOE-ε4) allele carriers vary considerably in the expression of clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that lifestyle or other factors may offer protection from AD-related neurodegeneration. We recently reported that physically active APOE-ε4 allele carriers exhibit a stable cognitive trajectory and protection from hippocampal atrophy over 18months compared to sedentary ε4 allele carriers. The aim of this study was to examine the interactions between genetic risk for AD and physical activity (PA) on white matter (WM) tract integrity, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) MRI, in this cohort of healthy older adults (ages of 65 to 89). Four groups were compared based on the presence or absence of an APOE-ε4 allele (High Risk; Low Risk) and self-reported frequency and intensity of leisure time physical activity (PA) (High PA; Low PA). As predicted, greater levels of PA were associated with greater fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower radial diffusivity in healthy older adults who did not possess the APOE-ε4 allele. However, the effects of PA were reversed in older adults who were at increased genetic risk for AD, resulting in significant interactions between PA and genetic risk in several WM tracts. In the High Risk-Low PA participants, who had exhibited episodic memory decline over the previous 18-months, radial diffusivity was lower and fractional anisotropy was higher, compared to the High Risk-High PA participants. In WM tracts that subserve learning and memory processes, radial diffusivity (DR) was negatively correlated with episodic memory performance in physically inactive APOE-ε4 carriers, whereas DR was positively correlated with episodic memory performance in physically active APOE-ε4 carriers and the two Low Risk groups. The common model of demyelination-induced increase in radial diffusivity cannot directly explain these results. Rather, we hypothesize that PA may protect APOE-ε4 allele carriers from selective neurodegeneration of individual fiber populations at locations of crossing fibers within projection and association WM fiber tracts.
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Laukka EJ, Lövdén M, Kalpouzos G, Papenberg G, Keller L, Graff C, Li TQ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Microstructural White Matter Properties Mediate the Association between APOE and Perceptual Speed in Very Old Persons without Dementia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134766. [PMID: 26252210 PMCID: PMC4529164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced white matter integrity, as indicated by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), has been related to poorer perceptual speed (PS) performance. As the ε4 allele has been associated with lower white matter integrity in old age, this represents a potential mechanism through which APOE may affect PS. Objective To examine whether the association between APOE and PS is mediated by white matter microstructure in very old persons without dementia. Method Participants were selected from the population-based SNAC-K study. After excluding persons with dementia, preclinical dementia, and other neurological disorders, 652 persons (age range 78–90) were included in the study, of which 89 had data on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We used structural equation modeling to form seven latent white matter factors (FA and MD) and one latent PS factor. Separate analyses were performed for FA and MD and mediational analyses were carried out for tracts where significant associations were observed to both APOE and PS. Results APOE was associated with white matter microstructure in 2 out of 14 tracts; ε4 carriers had significantly lower FA in forceps major and higher MD in the cortico-spinal tract. Allowing the white matter microstructure indicators in these tracts to mediate the association between APOE and PS resulted in a markedly attenuated association between these variables. Bootstrapping statistics in the subsample with DTI data (n = 89) indicated that FA in forceps major significantly mediated the association between APOE and PS (indirect effect: -0.070, 95% bias corrected CIs -0.197 to -0.004). Conclusion Lower white matter integrity may represent one of several mechanisms through which APOE affects PS performance in elderly persons free of dementia and preclinical dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tie-Qiang Li
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang R, Fratiglioni L, Laukka EJ, Lövdén M, Kalpouzos G, Keller L, Graff C, Salami A, Bäckman L, Qiu C. Effects of vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 on white matter integrity and cognitive decline. Neurology 2015; 84:1128-35. [PMID: 25672924 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of vascular risk factors and APOE status on white matter microstructure, and subsequent cognitive decline among older people. METHODS This study included 241 participants (age 60 years and older) from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen in central Stockholm, Sweden, who were free of dementia and stroke at baseline (2001-2004). We collected data through interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) on diffusion tensor imaging, and estimated volume of white matter hyperintensities using automatic segmentation. We assessed global cognitive function with the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline and at 3- and/or 6-year follow-up. We analyzed the data using multivariate linear regression and linear mixed models. RESULTS Heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes were significantly associated with lower FA or higher MD (p < 0.05). When aggregating heavy alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes together with current smoking, having an increasing number of these 4 factors concurrently was associated with decreasing FA and increasing MD (ptrend < 0.01), independent of white matter hyperintensities. Vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 allele interacted to negatively affect white matter microstructure; having multiple (≥2) vascular factors was particularly detrimental to white matter integrity among APOE ε4 carriers. Lower tertile of FA and upper tertile of MD were significantly associated with faster Mini-Mental State Examination decline. CONCLUSIONS Vascular risk factors are associated with reduced white matter integrity among older adults, which subsequently predicted faster cognitive decline. The detrimental effects of vascular risk factors on white matter microstructure were exacerbated among APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Erika J Laukka
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Lina Keller
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Caroline Graff
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- From the Aging Research Center (R.W., L.F., E.J.L., M.L., G.K., L.K., A.S., L.B., C.Q.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center (L.F., L.B.); and Division of Neurogeriatrics (C.G.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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25
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Genetics and Functional Imaging: Effects of APOE, BDNF, COMT, and KIBRA in Aging. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:47-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lindgren A. Stroke genetics: a review and update. J Stroke 2014; 16:114-23. [PMID: 25328870 PMCID: PMC4200595 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2014.16.3.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke genetics includes several topics of clinical interest, including (1) molecular genetic variations affecting risk of monogenic stroke syndromes; (2) molecular genetic variations affecting risk of common stroke syndromes, sometimes with specific effects on risk of specific main types of stroke or subtypes of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke; (3) genetics of conditions associated with stroke risk e.g. white matter hyperintensities, atrial fibrillation and hypertension; (4) hereditary causes of familial aggregation of stroke; (5) epigenetic impact on protein expression during acute brain injury; (6) genetic influence on stroke recovery; and (7) pharmacogenetics. Genetic research methods include candidate gene studies; Genome Wide Association Studies; family studies; RNA and protein analyses; and advanced computer-aided analytical methods to detect statistically significant associations. Several methods that could improve our knowledge of stroke genetics are being developed e.g.: Exome content analysis; Next-generation sequencing; Whole genome sequencing; and Epigenetics. During 2012-2014, several Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have been related to common ischemic stroke risk. Certain SNPs have been associated with risk of specific ischemic stroke subtypes such as large vessel disease and cardiac embolism, particular subtypes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), especially lobar ICH, and with prognosis after ICH. Large international studies on stroke recovery and exome content are ongoing. Advanced mathematical models have been used to study how several SNPs can act together and increase stroke risk burden. Such efforts require large numbers of patients and controls, which is achieved by co-operation in large international consortia such as the International Stroke Genetics Consortium. This overview includes an introduction to genetics, stroke genetics in general, and different genetic variations that may influence stroke risk. It presents some of the latest reports on stroke genetics published in high impact journals. The role of pharmacogenetics, the current clinical situation, and future prospects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Lindgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. ; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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