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Lian K, Hammarström D, Hamarsland H, Mølmen KS, Moen SC, Ellefsen S. Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions does not augment ribosome biogenesis in healthy moderately trained young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:2329-2342. [PMID: 38459192 PMCID: PMC11322406 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy seems to depend on ribosome biogenesis and content. High glucose treatment may augment ribosome biogenesis through potentiating resistance training-induced adaptations. This was investigated with total RNA and ribosomal RNA abundances as main outcomes, with relevant transcriptional/translational regulators (c-Myc/UBF/rpS6) as a secondary outcome. METHODS Sixteen healthy, moderately trained individuals [male/female, n = 9/7; age, 24.1 (3.3)] participated in a within-participant crossover trial with unilateral resistance training (leg press and knee extension, 3 sets of 10 repetitions maximum) and pre- and post-exercise ingestion of either glucose (3 × 30 g, 90 g total) or placebo supplements (Stevia rebaudiana, 3 × 0.3 g, 0.9 g total), together with protein (2 × 25 g, 50 g total), on alternating days for 12 days. Six morning resistance exercise sessions were conducted per condition, and the sessions were performed in an otherwise fasted state. Micro-biopsies were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after the intervention. RESULTS Glucose ingestion did not have beneficial effects on resistance training-induced increases of ribosomal content (mean difference 7.6% [- 7.2, 24.9], p = 0.34; ribosomal RNA, 47S/18S/28S/5.8S/5S, range 7.6-37.9%, p = 0.40-0.98) or levels of relevant transcriptional or translational regulators (c-MYK/UBF/rpS6, p = 0.094-0.292). Of note, both baseline and trained state data of total RNA showed a linear relationship with UBF; a ∼14% increase in total RNA corresponded to 1 SD unit increase in UBF (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions did not augment ribosomal RNA accumulation during twelve days of heavy-load resistance training in moderately trained young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Lian
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
| | - Daniel Hammarström
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Håvard Hamarsland
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Knut Sindre Mølmen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Sara Christine Moen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
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Metcalfe RS, Gurd BJ, Vollaard NBJ. Exploring interindividual differences in fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity adaptations in response to sprint interval exercise training. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:1950-1960. [PMID: 36093904 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2124385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have concluded that wide variance in changes in insulin sensitivity markers following exercise training demonstrates heterogeneity in individual trainability. However, these studies frequently don't account for technical, biological, and random within-subject measurement error. We used the standard deviation of individual responses (SDIR) to determine whether interindividual variability in trainability exists for fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity outcomes following low-volume sprint interval training (SIT). We pooled data from 63 untrained participants who completed 6 weeks of SIT (n = 49; VO2max: 35 (7) mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1) or acted as no-intervention controls (n = 14; VO2max: 34 (6) mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1). Fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived measures of insulin sensitivity were measured pre- and post-intervention. SDIR values were positive and exceeded a small effect size threshold for changes in fasting glucose (SDIR = 0.27 [95%CI 0.07,0.38] mmol⋅L-1), 2-h OGTT glucose (SDIR = 0.89 [0.22,1.23] mmol⋅L-1), glucose area-under-the-curve (SDIR = 66.4 [-81.5,124.3] mmol⋅L-1⋅120min-1) and The Cederholm Index (SDIR = 7.2 [-16.0,19.0] mg⋅l2⋅mmol-1⋅mU-1⋅min-1), suggesting meaningful individual responses to SIT, whilst SDIR values were negative for fasting insulin, fasting insulin resistance and insulin AUC. For all variables, the 95% CIs were wide and/or crossed zero, highlighting uncertainty about the existence of true interindividual differences in exercise trainability. Only 2-22% of participants could be classified as responders or non-responders with more than 95% certainty. Our findings demonstrate it cannot be assumed that variation in changes in insulin sensitivity following SIT is attributable to inherent differences in trainability, and reiterate the importance of accounting for technical, biological, and random error when examining heterogeneity in health-related training adaptations.Highlights This study tested whether true interindividual variability exists for changes in insulin sensitivity and glyceamic control following 6-weeks of low volume sprint interval training (SIT).The high level of technical, biological, and random error associated with repeated measurements of insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control, means we can neither confidently conclude that there is evidence of true interindividual differences in the trainability of these outcomes following SIT, nor confidently identify responders or non-responders for such parameters.Researchers contrasting responders vs. non-responders for a given parameter, either to understand mechanisms of adaptation and/or develop physiological/genetic/epigenetic predictors of response, need to be aware that identification of responders and non-responders with sufficient certainty may not be achievable for parameters with a high level of technical, biological, and random error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Metcalfe
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Andrade DC, Flores-Opazo M, Peñailillo L, Delgado-Floody P, Cano-Montoya J, Vásquez-Gómez JA, Alvarez C. Similar Adaptations to 10 Weeks Concurrent Training on Metabolic Markers and Physical Performance in Young, Adult, and Older Adult Women. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5582. [PMID: 34884282 PMCID: PMC8658306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that the combination of high-intensity aerobic exercises and resistance training (RT) known as concurrent training (CT) could improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, and that the exercise mixture in CT could dampen muscle anaerobic pathways, a result known as the interference effect. However, there is scarce evidence on its effects in women across different ages. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of a 10-week CT intervention on MetS markers and endurance performance in adult women and compared age-related differences between young, adult, and older participants. A total of 112 women with >1 MetS risk factors were included in the study. Participants were allocated to different groups according to the following cutoff age ranges: 20-29years (y), n = 25; 30-39y, n = 35; 40-49y, n = 43; and 50-59y, n = 53. Participants performed 10 weeks of CT, including resistance training (RT), involving six major muscle groups, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in a cycle ergometer. Anthropometric, cardiovascular, metabolic, and performance outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. The CT induced significant improvements in waist circumference (WC) (20-29y: -2.5; 30-39y: -4.1; 40-49y: -4.2; 50-59y: -2.8 Δcm) and the distance achieved in the six-minute walking test (6Mwt) (20-29y: +47.6; 30-39y: +66.0; 40-49y: +43.0; 50-59y: +58.6 Δm) across all age groups, without significant differences between groups. In addition, a significant correlation was found between 6Mwt and WC, independent of age. In conclusion, our results showed that a 10-week CT intervention improved MetS risk factors in women, suggesting that the beneficial effects promoted by CT are independent of age and confirming CT as an effective, age-independent training regimen to improve metabolic health in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Andrade
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (FiMedAlt), Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta #02800, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile;
| | - Marcelo Flores-Opazo
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism (LABFEM), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile;
| | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile;
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Johnattan Cano-Montoya
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 8420524, Chile;
| | - Jaime A. Vásquez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Grupo de Estudios en Educación, Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Health, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno 5290000, Chile
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Bonafiglia JT, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. A Systematic Review Examining the Approaches Used to Estimate Interindividual Differences in Trainability and Classify Individual Responses to Exercise Training. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665044. [PMID: 34819869 PMCID: PMC8606564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many reports describe statistical approaches for estimating interindividual differences in trainability and classifying individuals as "responders" or "non-responders." The extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted these statistical approaches remains unclear. Objectives: This systematic review primarily sought to determine the extent to which studies in the exercise training literature have adopted sound statistical approaches for examining individual responses to exercise training. We also (1) investigated the existence of interindividual differences in trainability, and (2) tested the hypothesis that less conservative thresholds inflate response rates compared with thresholds that consider error and a smallest worthwhile change (SWC)/minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Methods: We searched six databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and SportDiscus. Our search spanned the aerobic, resistance, and clinical or rehabilitation training literature. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, and either: (1) stated that their exercise training intervention resulted in heterogenous responses, (2) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability, and/or (3) classified individual responses. We calculated effect sizes (ESIR) to examine the presence of interindividual differences in trainability. We also compared response rates (n = 614) across classification approaches that considered neither, one of, or both errors and an SWC or MCID. We then sorted response rates from studies that also reported mean changes and response thresholds (n = 435 response rates) into four quartiles to confirm our ancillary hypothesis that larger mean changes produce larger response rates. Results: Our search revealed 3,404 studies, and 149 were included in our systematic review. Few studies (n = 9) statistically estimated interindividual differences in trainability. The results from these few studies present a mixture of evidence for the presence of interindividual differences in trainability because several ESIR values lay above, below, or crossed zero. Zero-based thresholds and larger mean changes significantly (both p < 0.01) inflated response rates. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence demonstrating why future studies should statistically estimate interindividual differences in trainability and consider error and an SWC or MCID when classifying individual responses to exercise training. Systematic Review Registration: [website], identifier [registration number].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Micielska K, Kortas JA, Gmiat A, Jaworska J, Kozlowska M, Lysak-Radomska A, Rodziewicz-Flis E, Zychowska M, Ziemann E. Habitually inactive physically - a proposed procedure of counteracting cognitive decline in women with diminished insulin sensitivity through a high-intensity circuit training program. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113235. [PMID: 33130034 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study verified the impact of five weeks of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on changes in concentration of exerkines in relation to cognitive functions. Sedentary women (n = 33; age=39±13 years) were randomly assigned into the HICT (n = 21) group or the control group (n = 12). The HICT group performed 15 training sessions; meanwhile, the control group performed the HICT twice, only at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected before, 1 h and 24 h after the first and last HICT, to evaluate the concentration of exerkines: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cathepsin B (CATB) using enzyme immunoassay method. Cognitive functions and quality of life were assessed using the Vienna Test System and the Short Form Health Survey. HICT induced improvement of cognitive function and quality of life, and these changes were accompanied by an increase of BDNF and shifts in CATB concentration. HICT program caused a decrease in FGF-21 concentration, which was modified by age and insulin sensitivity. The improvement of cognitive functions was more pronounced in females, who experienced a drop in FGF-21. In summary, HICT program, that can be performed during pandemic, enhanced cognitive functions and this response was related to changes in exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Jakub Antoni Kortas
- Department of Sport, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Anna Gmiat
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland
| | - Marta Kozlowska
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Anna Lysak-Radomska
- Department of Occupation Therapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz-Flis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zychowska
- Institute of Physical Education, Department of Sport, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland.
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Álvarez C, Ramírez-Vélez R, Ramírez-Campillo R, Lucia A, Alonso-Martinez AM, Faúndez H, Cadore EL, Izquierdo M. Improvements cardiometabolic risk factors in Latin American Amerindians (the Mapuche) with concurrent training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:886-896. [PMID: 30770586 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of CT (ie, high-intensity interval and resistance training) in Mapuche adults from Chile and in their peers of European descent. In total, 96 hyperglycemic adult women (mean age 46 years [95% confidence interval; 38, 53]) were divided in four groups: Mapuche CT (Map-CT, n = 14) or control group (Map-CG, n = 44), and European CT (Eur-CT, n = 14) or control group (Eur-CG, n = 23). The following endpoints were analyzed at baseline and after 12 weeks: anthropometric (body mass, body mass index, waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, lean mass), cardiovascular (systolic [SBP]/diastolic [DBP] blood pressure), metabolic (blood fasting glucose and total cholesterol), and muscle strength (handgrip of dominant/non-dominant arm). There were significant positive changes in body mass, body fat, and muscle mass (P < 0.0001) in both Map-CT and Eur-CT groups, whereas waist circumference was decreased significantly only in the Eur-CT group (P < 0.0001). Both Map-CT and Eur-CT groups showed decreased levels of fasting glucose (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Also, both Map-CT (P < 0.05) and Eur-CT (P = 0.01) groups showed a lowered SBP. Finally, significant increases were observed after training in handgrip strength (dominant arm) in Map-CT and Eur-CT groups (both P < 0.0001). CT led to similar improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors for metabolic syndrome development in Mapuche and European participants, with additional improvements in other anthropometric, body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscle strength parameters related to the prevention of metabolic syndrome. These results suggest future more complex studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Idisna, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid (Faculty of Sport Sciences) and Research Institute 'i+12', Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia M Alonso-Martinez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Idisna, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Harry Faúndez
- Education department of La Unión city, La Unión, Chile
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, Idisna, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Gentil P, Moran J, García-Pinillos F, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M. Inter-individual Variability in Responses to 7 Weeks of Plyometric Jump Training in Male Youth Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1156. [PMID: 30177889 PMCID: PMC6109752 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the inter-individual variability in the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness (sprint time, change of direction speed, countermovement jump, 20- and 40-cm drop jump reactive strength index, multiple five bounds distance, maximal kicking distance, and 2.4-km time trial) in youth soccer players who completed a PJT program versus players who completed soccer training only. In a single-blinded study, participants aged between 10 and 16 years were randomly divided into a PJT group (n = 38) and a control group (n = 38). The experimental group participated in a PJT program twice weekly for 7 weeks, whereas the control group continued with their regular soccer training sessions. Between-group differences were examined using a Mann-Whitney U test. Nonresponders where defined as individuals who failed to demonstrate any beneficial change that was greater than two times the typical error of measurement from zero. The results indicated that the mean group improvement for all physical fitness measures was greater (p < 0.05) in the PJT group (Δ = 0.4 to 23.3%; ES = 0.04 to 0.58) than in the control group (Δ = 0.1 to 3.8%; ES = 0.02 to 0.35). In addition, a significantly greater (p < 0.05) number of responders across all dependent variables was observed in the PJT group (from 4 up to 33 responders) than in the control group (from 0 up to 9 responders). In conclusion, compared to soccer training only, PJT induced greater physical fitness improvements in youth soccer players, with a greater number of responders for all the physical fitness tests related to jumping, speed, change of direction speed, endurance, and kicking technical ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educacao Fısica e Danca, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Jason Moran
- Department of Sport, University Centre Hartpury, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe García-Pinillos
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alicia M Alonso-Martínez
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Navarrabiomed, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
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Morales JS, Padilla JR, Valenzuela PL, Santana-Sosa E, Rincón-Castanedo C, Santos-Lozano A, Herrera-Olivares AM, Madero L, San Juan AF, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. Inhospital Exercise Training in Children With Cancer: Does It Work for All? Front Pediatr 2018; 6:404. [PMID: 30619798 PMCID: PMC6305726 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Physical exercise training might counteract the weakening effects of both pediatric cancer and anti-cancer treatment. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of "responders" and "non-responders" to inhospital exercise training in children with cancer and to identify the factors that could influence responsiveness, which might help personalize exercise interventions for this patient population. Methods: We performed an ancillary analysis of the randomized controlled trial "Physical activity in Pediatric Cancer" (NCT01645436), in which 49 children with solid tumors were allocated to an inhospital exercise intervention or control group. The present study focused on the children in the former group (n = 24, 10 ± 4 years), who performed 3 weekly training sessions (aerobic + strength exercises). The intervention lasted 19 ± 8 weeks (i.e., from the start to the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment). A responder-vs-non-responder analysis was performed for physical capacity-related endpoints (five-repetition maximum strength, functional mobility tests, and cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF]). Only those participants showing improvements in a given test of a magnitude greater than both the random error and the threshold for clinically meaningful changes were considered responders. Results: Most participants improved their performance in the strength tests, with 80, 88, and 93% of total showing a positive response for seated bench press, lateral row, and leg press, respectively (p < 0.001). No significant improvements were observed for the functional mobility tests or CRF (p > 0.05, rate of responsiveness ≤ 50%). No differences between responders and non-responders were observed for sex, age, type of cancer, or treatment (i.e., including or not anthracyclines/radiotherapy). However, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between responders and non-responders for baseline performance in all the tests, and a significant (p < 0.05) inverse relationship was found between baseline performance and relative improvement for most endpoints. Conclusions: Although most children improved their muscle strength after the exercise intervention, a considerable individual variability was observed for the training responsiveness of functional mobility and CRF. A lower baseline performance was associated with a higher responsiveness for all the study endpoints, with the fittest children at the start of treatment showing the lowest responses. Efforts to individualize exercise prescription are needed to maximize responsiveness in pediatric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier S Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio R Padilla
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Systems Biology Department, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12"), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Madero
- Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro F San Juan
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12"), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12"), Madrid, Spain
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