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Bian S, Li Z, Song S, Zhang X, Shang J, Wang W, Zhang D, Ni D. Enhancing Crop Resilience: Insights from Labdane-Related Diterpenoid Phytoalexin Research in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:10677-10695. [PMID: 39329985 PMCID: PMC11430374 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as one of the most significant food crops worldwide, holds paramount importance for global food security. Throughout its extensive evolutionary journey, rice has evolved a diverse array of defense mechanisms to fend off pest and disease infestations. Notably, labdane-related diterpenoid phytoalexins play a crucial role in aiding rice in its response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research advancements pertaining to the chemical structures, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways, as well as the molecular regulatory mechanisms, underlying labdane-related diterpenoid phytoalexins discovered in rice. This insight into the molecular regulation of labdane-related diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis offers valuable perspectives for future research aimed at improving crop resilience and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Bian
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shaojie Song
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jintao Shang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Wanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dahu Ni
- Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Sunani SK, Koti PS, Sunitha NC, Choudhary M, Jeevan B, Anilkumar C, Raghu S, Gadratagi BG, Bag MK, Acharya LK, Ram D, Bashyal BM, Das Mohapatra S. Ustilaginoidea virens, an emerging pathogen of rice: the dynamic interplay between the pathogen virulence strategies and host defense. PLANTA 2024; 260:92. [PMID: 39261328 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Ustilaginoidea virens -rice pathosystem has been used as a model for flower-infecting fungal pathogens. The molecular biology of the interactions between U. virens and rice, with an emphasis on the attempt to get a deeper comprehension of the false smut fungus's genomes, proteome, host range, and pathogen biology, has been investigated. Meta-QTL analysis was performed to identify potential QTL hotspots for use in marker-assisted breeding. The Rice False Smut (RFS) caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens currently threatens rice cultivators across the globe. RFS infects rice panicles, causing a significant reduction in grain yield. U. virens can also parasitize other hosts though they play only a minor role in its life cycle. Furthermore, because it produces mycotoxins in edible rice grains, it puts both humans and animals at risk of health problems. Although fungicides are used to control the disease, some fungicides have enabled the pathogen to develop resistance, making its management challenging. Several QTLs have been reported but stable gene(s) that confer RFS resistance have not been discovered yet. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the pathogen, its virulence mechanisms, the genome and proteome of U. virens, and its molecular interactions with rice. In addition, information has been compiled on reported resistance QTLs, facilitating the development of a consensus genetic map using meta-QTL analysis for identifying potential QTL hotspots. Finally, this review highlights current developments and trends in U. virens-rice pathosystem research while identifying opportunities for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Sunani
- Department of Plant Pathology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research (RS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanna S Koti
- University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N C Sunitha
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Choudhary
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- ICAR-National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India
| | - B Jeevan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
| | - C Anilkumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - S Raghu
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Manas Kumar Bag
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dama Ram
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Wang L, Xia Y, Hou Y. Candy or poison: Plant metabolites as swing factors against microbes. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1341-1343. [PMID: 39155502 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingnan Hou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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4
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Yasmin F, Cowie AE, Zerbe P. Understanding the chemical language mediating maize immunity and environmental adaptation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2093-2101. [PMID: 39049575 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diverse networks of specialized metabolites promote plant fitness by mediating beneficial and antagonistic environmental interactions. In maize (Zea mays), constitutive and dynamically formed cocktails of terpenoids, benzoxazinoids, oxylipins, and phenylpropanoids contribute to plant defense and ecological adaptation. Recent research has highlighted the multifunctional nature of many specialized metabolites, serving not only as elaborate chemical defenses that safeguard against biotic and abiotic stress but also as regulators in adaptive developmental processes and microbiome interactions. Great strides have also been made in identifying the modular pathway networks that drive maize chemical diversity. Translating this knowledge into strategies for enhancing stress resilience traits has the potential to address climate-driven yield losses in one of the world's major food, feed, and bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Yasmin
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anna E Cowie
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Liu Y, Esposto D, Mahdi LK, Porzel A, Stark P, Hussain H, Scherr-Henning A, Isfort S, Bathe U, Acosta IF, Zuccaro A, Balcke GU, Tissier A. Hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1307-1327. [PMID: 39001606 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense responses. These include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen virulence. Here, we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs) and Fusarium graminearum (Fg) at the metabolite level. We identify hordedanes, a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties, as critical players in these interactions. Infection of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 600-kb gene cluster. Heterologous reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes, including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid (19-OH-HTA). Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but, unexpectedly, show reduced Bs colonization. By contrast, colonization by Fusarium graminearum, another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat, is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking hordedanes. Accordingly, 19-OH-HTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs, whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi, including Fg. Analysis of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of Bs. Taken together, these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Liu
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Dario Esposto
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Lisa K Mahdi
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Pauline Stark
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Anja Scherr-Henning
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Simon Isfort
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulschan Bathe
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Iván F Acosta
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerd U Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany.
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Hu R, Teng X, Li Y. Unleashing plant synthetic capacity: navigating regulatory mechanisms for enhanced bioproduction and secondary metabolite discovery. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 88:103148. [PMID: 38843577 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) hold significant pharmaceutical importance. The sessile nature of plants has led to the evolution of chemical defense mechanisms over millions of years to combat environmental challenges, making it a crucial and essential defense weapon. Despite their importance, the abundance of these bioactive molecules in plants is typically low, and conventional methods are time-consuming for enhancing production. Moreover, there is a pressing need for novel drug leads, exemplified by the shortage of antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Understanding how plants respond to stress and regulate metabolism to produce these molecules presents an opportunity to explore new avenues for discovering compounds that are typically under the detection limit or not naturally produced. Additionally, this knowledge can contribute to the advancement of plant engineering, enabling the development of new chassis for the biomanufacturing of these valuable molecules. In this perspective, we explore the intricate regulation of PNP biosynthesis in plants, and discuss the biotechnology strategies that have been and can be utilized for the discovery and production enhancement of PNPs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Xiaoxuan Teng
- Program of Chemical Engineering, Department of Nanongineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanran Li
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Liu S, Liu J, Wang W, Yan Y, Wang T, Wu J, Liu X, Wu J, Zeng Y. Comparative Field Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Chromosome Doubling Enhances Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 38958835 PMCID: PMC11222352 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kihn (R. solani), poses a significant threat to rice production and quality. Autotetraploid rice, developed through chromosome doubling of diploid rice, holds great potential for enhancing biological and yield traits. However, its resistance to sheath blight in the field has remained unclear. In this study, the field resistance of 35 autotetraploid genotypes and corresponding diploids was evaluated across three environments from 2020 to 2021. The booting stage was optimal for inoculating period based on the inoculation and analysis of R. solani at five rice growth stages. We found autotetraploids generally exhibited lower disease scores than diploids, indicating enhanced resistance after chromosome doubling. Among the 35 genotypes, 16 (45.71%) displayed increased resistance, 2 (5.71%) showed decreased resistance, and 17 (48.57%) displayed unstable resistance in different sowing dates. All combinations of the genotype, environment and ploidy, including the genotype-environment-ploidy interaction, contributed significantly to field resistance. Chromosome doubling increased sheath blight resistance in most genotypes, but was also dependent on the genotype-environment interaction. To elucidate the enhanced resistance mechanism, RNA-seq revealed autotetraploid recruited more down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), additionally, more resistance-related DEGs, were down-regulated at 24 h post inoculation in autotetraploid versus diploid. The ubiquinone/terpenoid quinone and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways may play key roles in ploidy-specific resistance mechanisms. In summary, our findings shed light on the understanding of sheath blight resistance mechanisms in autotetraploid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanglin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yugang Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yuxiang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Yan W, Dong X, Li R, Zhao X, Zhou Q, Luo D, Liu Z. Genome-wide identification of JAZ gene family members in autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa) and expression analysis under salt stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:636. [PMID: 38926665 PMCID: PMC11201308 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which act as negative regulators in the jasmonic acid (JA) signalling pathway, have significant implications for plant development and response to abiotic stress. RESULTS Through a comprehensive genome-wide analysis, a total of 20 members of the JAZ gene family specific to alfalfa were identified in its genome. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 20 MsJAZ genes into five subgroups. Gene structure analysis, protein motif analysis, and 3D protein structure analysis revealed that alfalfa JAZ genes in the same evolutionary branch share similar exon‒intron, motif, and 3D structure compositions. Eight segmental duplication events were identified among these 20 MsJAZ genes through collinearity analysis. Among the 32 chromosomes of the autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa, there were 20 MsJAZ genes distributed on 17 chromosomes. Extensive stress-related cis-acting elements were detected in the upstream sequences of MsJAZ genes, suggesting that their response to stress has an underlying function. Furthermore, the expression levels of MsJAZ genes were examined across various tissues and under the influence of salt stress conditions, revealing tissue-specific expression and regulation by salt stress. Through RT‒qPCR experiments, it was discovered that the relative expression levels of these six MsJAZ genes increased under salt stress. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study represents the first comprehensive identification and analysis of the JAZ gene family in alfalfa. These results provide important information for exploring the mechanism of JAZ genes in alfalfa salt tolerance and identifying candidate genes for improving the salt tolerance of autotetraploid cultivated alfalfa via genetic engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueming Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Shen C, Lu Q, Yang D, Zhang X, Huang X, Li R, Que Z, Chen N. Genome-wide identification analysis in wild-type Solanum pinnatisectum reveals some genes defending against Phytophthora infestans. Front Genet 2024; 15:1379784. [PMID: 38812971 PMCID: PMC11134371 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1379784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanum pinnatisectum exhibits strong resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans but only an incomplete genome assembly based on short Illumina reads has been published. In this study, we generated the first chromosome-level draft genome for the wild-type potato species S. pinnatisectum in China using Oxford Nanopore technology sequencing and Hi-C technology. The high-quality assembled genome size is 664 Mb with a scaffold N50 value of 49.17 Mb, of which 65.87% was occupied by repetitive sequences, and predominant long terminal repeats (42.51% of the entire genome). The genome of S. pinnatisectum was predicted to contain 34,245 genes, of which 99.34% were functionally annotated. Moreover, 303 NBS-coding disease resistance (R) genes were predicted in the S. pinnatisectum genome to investigate the potential mechanisms of resistance to late blight disease. The high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of S. pinnatisectum is expected to provide potential valuable resources for intensively and effectively investigating molecular breeding and genetic research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Qineng Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Di Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | | | | | - Rungen Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Zhiqun Que
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Na Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Resources and Environment Sciences, Yichun University, Yichun, China
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Song N, Wu J. NaWRKY70 is a key regulator of Nicotiana attenuata resistance to Alternaria alternata through regulation of phytohormones and phytoalexins biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1289-1306. [PMID: 38426573 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two major phytohormones involved in pathogen resistance. However, how their biosynthesis is regulated is not well understood. We silenced NaWRKY70 in wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and determined its role in regulating genes involved in the production of JA, ABA and the phytoalexin capsidiol in response to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata using techniques including electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing NaWRKY70 dramatically reduced both basal and A. alternata-induced jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and ABA. Further evidence showed that NaWRKY70 directly binds to the W-boxes of the promoters of NaAOS and NaJAR4 (JA biosynthesis), NaNCED1 and NaXD1-like (ABA biosynthesis), and NaMPK4 (ABA signaling) to activate their expression, while binding but repressing the expression of NaCYP707A4-like3 (ABA degradation). Additionally, NaWRKY70 regulates capsidiol production through its key enzyme genes NaEASs and NaEAHs, and interacts with its regulator NaERF2-like to enhance their expression, whereas ABA negatively regulates capsidiol biosynthesis. Our results highlight the key role of NaWRKY70 in controlling both JA-Ile and ABA production, as well as capsidiol production, thus providing new insight into the defense mechanism of plant resistance to A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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Castell-Miller CV, Kono TJ, Ranjan A, Schlatter DC, Samac DA, Kimball JA. Interactive transcriptome analyses of Northern Wild Rice ( Zizania palustris L.) and Bipolaris oryzae show convoluted communications during the early stages of fungal brown spot development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1350281. [PMID: 38736448 PMCID: PMC11086184 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1350281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Fungal diseases, caused mainly by Bipolaris spp., are past and current threats to Northern Wild Rice (NWR) grain production and germplasm preservation in both natural and cultivated settings. Genetic resistance against the pathogen is scarce. Toward expanding our understanding of the global gene communications of NWR and Bipolaris oryzae interaction, we designed an RNA sequencing study encompassing the first 12 h and 48 h of their encounter. NWR activated numerous plant recognition receptors after pathogen infection, followed by active transcriptional reprogramming of signaling mechanisms driven by Ca2+ and its sensors, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, activation of an oxidative burst, and phytohormone signaling-bound mechanisms. Several transcription factors associated with plant defense were found to be expressed. Importantly, evidence of diterpenoid phytoalexins, especially phytocassane biosynthesis, among expression of other defense genes was found. In B. oryzae, predicted genes associated with pathogenicity including secreted effectors that could target plant defense mechanisms were expressed. This study uncovered the early molecular communication between the NWR-B. oryzae pathosystem, which could guide selection for allele-specific genes to boost NWR defenses, and overall aid in the development of more efficient selection methods in NWR breeding through the use of the most virulent fungal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J.Y. Kono
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Daniel C. Schlatter
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Deborah A. Samac
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Kimball
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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12
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Hossain Z, Zhao S, Luo X, Liu K, Li L, Hubbard M. Deciphering Aphanomyces euteiches-pea-biocontrol bacterium interactions through untargeted metabolomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8877. [PMID: 38632368 PMCID: PMC11024177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches causes root rot in pea, leading to significant yield losses. However, the metabolites involved in this pathosystem have not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to fill this gap and explore mechanisms of bacterial suppression of A. euteiches via untargeted metabolomics using pea grown in a controlled environment. Chemical isotope labeling (CIL), followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), was used for metabolite separation and detection. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed clear separation of metabolites from pathogen-treated pea roots and roots from other treatments. A three-tier approach positively or putatively identified 5249 peak pairs or metabolites. Of these, 403 were positively identified in tier 1; 940 were putatively identified with high confidence in tier 2. There were substantial changes in amino acid pool, and fatty acid and phenylpropanoid pathway products. More metabolites, including salicylic and jasmonic acids, were upregulated than downregulated in A. euteiches-infected roots. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and 12-oxophytodienoic acid were upregulated in A. euteiches + bacterium-treated roots compared to A. euteiches-infected roots. A great number of metabolites were up- or down-regulated in response to A. euteiches infection compared with the control and A. euteiches + bacterium-treated plants. The results of this study could facilitate improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hossain
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, S9H 3X2, Canada.
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Xian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Kui Liu
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michelle Hubbard
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, S9H 3X2, Canada.
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13
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Wu Y, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Hu Q, Sheng F, Du X. The Mediator Subunit OsMED16 Interacts with the WRKY Transcription Factor OsWRKY45 to Enhance Rice Resistance Against Magnaporthe oryzae. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:23. [PMID: 38558163 PMCID: PMC10984912 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), is one of the most common and damaging diseases of rice that limits rice yield and quality. The mediator complex plays a vital role in promoting transcription by bridging specific transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Here, we show that the rice mediator subunit OsMED16 is essential for full induction of the diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis genes and resistance to the ascomycetous fungus M. oryzae. Mutants of Osmed16 show reduced expression of the DP biosynthesis genes and are markedly more susceptible to M. oryzae, while transgenic plants overexpressing OsMED16 increased the expression of the DP biosynthesis genes and significantly enhanced resistance to M. oryzae. Interestingly, OsMED16 is physically associated with the WRKY family transcription factor OsWRKY45, which interacts with the phytoalexin synthesis key regulator transcription factor OsWRKY62. Further, OsMED16-OsWRKY45-OsWRKY62 complex could bind to the promoter regions of phytoalexin synthesis-related genes and activate their gene expression. Our results show that OsMED16 may enhance rice tolerance to M. oryzae via directly manipulating phytoalexin de novo biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yuquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-Biological Resources, Guangxi Key Lab for Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Feng Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xuezhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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14
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Zhang X, Chen T, Li Z, Wang X, Bao H, Zhao C, Zhao X, Lu X, Xu G. Fine-Scale Characterization of Plant Diterpene Glycosides Using Energy-Resolved Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomics Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:603-612. [PMID: 38391322 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant diterpene glycosides are essential for diverse physiological processes. Comprehensive structural characterization proved to be a challenge due to variations in glycosylation patterns, diverse aglycone structures, and the absence of comprehensive reference databases. In this study, a method for fine-scale characterization was proposed based on energy-resolved (ER) untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics analysis using steviol glycosides as a demonstration. Energy-dependent fragmentation patterns were unveiled by a series of model compounds. Distinct glycosylation sites were discerned by leveraging varying fragmentation energies for the precursor ions. The sugar moiety linkage at C19OOH (R1) exhibited facile and intact cleavage at low collision energies, while the sugar moiety at C13-OH (R2) demonstrated consecutive cleavage with increasing energy. Aglycone ions exhibited a higher relative intensity at NCE 50, with relative intensities ranging from 95% to 100%. Subsequently, aglycone candidates, R1 sugar composition, and R2 sugar sequence were deduced through ER-MS/MS analysis. The developed method was applied to Stevia rebaudiana leaves. A total of 91 diterpene glycosides were unambiguously identified, including 16 steviol glycosides with novel acetylglycosylation patterns. This method offers a rapid alternative for glycan analysis and the structural differentiation of isomers. The developed method enhances the understanding of diterpene glycosides in plants, providing a reliable tool for the in-depth characterization of complex metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Han Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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15
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Zhao Y, Hu J, Zhou Z, Li L, Zhang X, He Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Hong G. Biofortified Rice Provides Rich Sakuranetin in Endosperm. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:19. [PMID: 38430431 PMCID: PMC10908774 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sakuranetin plays a key role as a phytoalexin in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and possesses diverse health-promoting benefits. However, mature rice seeds do not contain detectable levels of sakuranetin. In the present study, a transgenic rice plant was developed in which the promoter of an endosperm-specific glutelin gene OsGluD-1 drives the expression of a specific enzyme naringenin 7-O-methyltransferase (NOMT) for sakuranetin biosynthesis. The presence of naringenin, which serves as the biosynthetic precursor of sakuranetin made this modification feasible in theory. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) validated that the seeds of transgenic rice accumulated remarkable sakuranetin at the mature stage, and higher at the filling stage. In addition, the panicle blast resistance of transgenic rice was significantly higher than that of the wild type. Specially, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging was performed to detect the content and spatial distribution of sakuranetin and other nutritional metabolites in transgenic rice seeds. Notably, this genetic modification also did not change the nutritional and quality indicators such as soluble sugars, total amino acids, total flavonoids, amylose, total protein, and free amino acid content in rice. Meanwhile, the phenotypes of the transgenic plant during the whole growth and developmental periods and agricultural traits such as grain width, grain length, and 1000-grain weight exhibited no significant differences from the wild type. Collectively, the study provides a conceptual advance on cultivating sakuranetin-rich biofortified rice by metabolic engineering. This new breeding idea may not only enhance the disease resistance of cereal crop seeds but also improve the nutritional value of grains for human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jitao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing He
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Hendrickson H, Islam M, Wabo GF, Mafu S. Biochemical analysis of the TPS-a subfamily in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349009. [PMID: 38425791 PMCID: PMC10902008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Terpenes are important mediators of plant chemical response to environmental cues. Here, we describe the genome-wide identification and biochemical characterization of TPS-a members in Medicago truncatula, a model legume crop. Genome mining identified thirty-nine full-length terpene synthases with a significant number predicted to produce monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Biochemical characterization of the TPS-a subfamily associated with sesquiterpene biosynthesis revealed such compounds, that exhibit substantial biological activity in other plants. Gene expression analysis using qPCR and the Medicago gene atlas illustrated distinct tissue and time-based variation in expression in leaves and roots. Together our work establishes the gene-to-metabolite relationships for sesquiterpene synthases in M. truncatula. Understanding the biosynthetic capacity is a foundational step to defining the ecological roles of this important family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hendrickson
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Monirul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Life Science Laboratories, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Sibongile Mafu
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Life Science Laboratories, Amherst, MA, United States
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17
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Wu M, Northen TR, Ding Y. Stressing the importance of plant specialized metabolites: omics-based approaches for discovering specialized metabolism in plant stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1272363. [PMID: 38023861 PMCID: PMC10663375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of specialized metabolites that play pivotal roles in mediating environmental interactions and stress adaptation. These unique chemical compounds also hold significant agricultural, medicinal, and industrial values. Despite the expanding knowledge of their functions in plant stress interactions, understanding the intricate biosynthetic pathways of these natural products remains challenging due to gene and pathway redundancy, multifunctionality of proteins, and the activity of enzymes with broad substrate specificity. In the past decade, substantial progress in genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics has made the exploration of plant specialized metabolism more feasible than ever before. Notably, recent advances in integrative multi-omics and computational approaches, along with other technologies, are accelerating the discovery of plant specialized metabolism. In this review, we present a summary of the recent progress in the discovery of plant stress-related specialized metabolites. Emphasis is placed on the application of advanced omics-based approaches and other techniques in studying plant stress-related specialized metabolism. Additionally, we discuss the high-throughput methods for gene functional characterization. These advances hold great promise for harnessing the potential of specialized metabolites to enhance plant stress resilience in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Trent R. Northen
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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18
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Ma X, Xu H, Tong Y, Luo Y, Dong Q, Jiang T. Structural and functional investigations of syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase from Oryza sativa. Commun Chem 2023; 6:240. [PMID: 37932442 PMCID: PMC10628199 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The large superfamily of labdane-related diterpenoids is defined by the cyclization of linear geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), catalyzed by copalyl diphosphate synthases (CPSs) to form the basic decalin core, the copalyl diphosphates (CPPs). Three stereochemically distinct CPPs have been found in plants, namely (+)-CPP, ent-CPP and syn-CPP. Here, we used X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM methods to describe different oligomeric structures of a syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase from Oryza sativa (OsCyc1), and provided a cryo-EM structure of OsCyc1D367A mutant in complex with the substrate GGPP. Further analysis showed that tetramers are the dominant form of OsCyc1 in solution and are not necessary for enzyme activity in vitro. Through rational design, we identified an OsCyc1 mutant that can generate ent-CPP in addition to syn-CPP. Our work provides a structural and mechanistic basis for comparing different CPSs and paves the way for further enzyme design to obtain diterpene derivatives with specific chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Haifeng Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Pedersen C, Marzano SYL. Mechanisms of Primed Defense: Plant Immunity Induced by Endophytic Colonization of a Mycovirus-Induced Hypovirulent Fungal Pathogen. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:726-736. [PMID: 37459471 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-23-0083-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
How mycovirus-induced hypovirulence in fungi activates plant defense is still poorly understood. The changes in plant fitness and gene expression caused by the inoculation of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum harboring and made hypovirulent by the mycovirus soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) of the species Gemycircularvirus soybe1 were examined in this study. As the hypovirulent fungus (DK3V) colonized soybean Glycine max, plant transcriptomic analysis indicated changes in defense responses and photosynthetic activity, supported by an upregulation of individual genes and overrepresentation of photosystem gene ontology groups. The upregulated genes include genes relating to both pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity as well as various genes relating to the induction of systemic acquired resistance and the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. Plants colonized with DK3V showed a resistant phenotype to virulent S. sclerotiorum infection. Plant height and leaf area were also determined to be larger in plants grown with the virus-infected fungus. Here, we hypothesize that inoculation of soybean with DK3V can result in the triggering of a wide range of defense mechanisms to prime against later infection. The knowledge gained from this study about plant transcriptomics and phenotype will help prime plant immunity with mycovirus-infected hypovirulent fungal strains more effectively. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Pedersen
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH 43606, U.S.A
| | - Shin-Yi Lee Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH 43606, U.S.A
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20
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Shi S, Yang J, Lin M, Chen Q, Wang B, Zhao J, Rensing C, Liu H, Fan Z, Feng R. Using silkworm excrement to restore vegetation and soil ecology in heavily contaminated mining soils by multiple metal(loid)s: A recyclable sericulture measure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132184. [PMID: 37572609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration of heavily contaminated soils by multiple metal(loid)s in mining areas is very difficult. In this study, we provided an attractive measure of using silkworm excrement (SE) and its modified materials to restore the soil heavily contaminated by arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). We investigated the adsorption capacities and the associated remediation mechanisms for antimonite [Sb(III)] and antimonate [Sb(V)] by raw SE, biochar-modified SE (BC700), iron-modified BC700 (MBC) and sulfhydryl-modified BC700 (SH). Then, we selected SE and SH to compare their outcomes to restore the vegetations and the soil bacterial communities in the investigated soil mentioned above. The results showed that SE displayed the best characteristics for metal(loid) physical adsorption. But SH conferred the strongest capacity to adsorb Sb (max 23.92 mg g-1), suggesting the process of chemical adsorption played a key role in adsorbing Sb via functional groups (-SH). SE and SH both significantly (1) promoted the growth of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L., New Zealand No.2), community abundance of soil bacteria (283-936 OTUs), and the quantity of bacterial genera correlated with resistance, plant growth promotion and specified carbon metabolism; (2) but reduced bacterial genera correlated with pathogenicity. In this study, we suggested an attractive recyclable measure to restore the disturbed ecological environment in mining areas, i.e, using mulberry to restore the vegetation→ using leaves of mulberry to rear silkworms→ using SE to immobilize metal(loid)s in soils growing mulberry or other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShengJie Shi
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - JiGang Yang
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - MengTing Lin
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - QiaoYuan Chen
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - JiaYi Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - ZhiLian Fan
- Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - RenWei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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21
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Hua C, Xu Z, Tang N, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li C. Identification of P450 Candidates Associated with the Biosynthesis of Physalin-Class Compounds in Physalis angulata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14077. [PMID: 37762378 PMCID: PMC10531436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Physalis genus has long been used as traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Physalins, the characteristic class of compounds in this genus, are major bioactive constituents. To date, the biogenesis of physalins remains largely unknown, except for the recently established knowledge that 24-methyldesmosterol is a precursor of physalin. To identify the genes encoding P450s that are putatively involved in converting 24-methyldesmosterol to physalins, a total of 306 P450-encoding unigenes were retrieved from our recently constructed P. angulata transcriptome. Extensive phylogenetic analysis proposed 21 P450s that might participate in physalin biosynthesis. To validate the candidates, we developed a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for P. angulata, and four P450 candidates were selected for the VIGS experiments. The reduction in the transcripts of the four P450 candidates by VIGS all led to decreased levels of physalin-class compounds in the P. angulata leaves. Thus, this study provides a number of P450 candidates that are likely associated with the biosynthesis of physalin-class compounds, forming a strong basis to reveal the unknown physalin biosynthetic pathway in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Changfu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Research Center for Natural Products, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.H.); (Z.X.); (N.T.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.)
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22
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Li X, Chou MY, Bonito GM, Last RL. Anti-fungal bioactive terpenoids in the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) may contribute to ecotype-specific microbiome composition. Commun Biol 2023; 6:917. [PMID: 37679469 PMCID: PMC10485007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant derived bioactive small molecules have attracted attention of scientists across fundamental and applied scientific disciplines. We seek to understand the influence of these phytochemicals on rhizosphere and root-associated fungi. We hypothesize that - consistent with accumulating evidence that switchgrass genotype impacts microbiome assembly - differential terpenoid accumulation contributes to switchgrass ecotype-specific microbiome composition. An initial in vitro Petri plate-based disc diffusion screen of 18 switchgrass root derived fungal isolates revealed differential responses to upland- and lowland-isolated metabolites. To identify specific fungal growth-modulating metabolites, we tested fractions from root extracts on three ecologically important fungal isolates - Linnemania elongata, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. Saponins and diterpenoids were identified as the most prominent antifungal metabolites. Finally, analysis of liquid chromatography-purified terpenoids revealed fungal inhibition structure - activity relationships (SAR). Saponin antifungal activity was primarily determined by the number of sugar moieties - saponins glycosylated at a single core position were inhibitory whereas saponins glycosylated at two core positions were inactive. Saponin core hydroxylation and acetylation were also associated with reduced activity. Diterpenoid activity required the presence of an intact furan ring for strong fungal growth inhibition. These results inform future breeding and biotechnology strategies for crop protection with reduced pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ming-Yi Chou
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Gregory M Bonito
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Robert L Last
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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23
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Trémulot L, Macadré C, Gal J, Garmier M, Launay-Avon A, Paysant-Le Roux C, Ratet P, Noctor G, Dufresne M. Impact of high atmospheric carbon dioxide on the biotic stress response of the model cereal species Brachypodium distachyon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237054. [PMID: 37662181 PMCID: PMC10469009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Losses due to disease and climate change are among the most important issues currently facing crop production. It is therefore important to establish the impact of climate change, and particularly of high carbon dioxide (hCO2), on plant immunity in cereals, which provide 60% of human calories. The aim of this study was to determine if hCO2 impacts Brachypodium distachyon immunity, a model plant for temperate cereals. Plants were grown in air (430 ppm CO2) and at two high CO2 conditions, one that is relevant to projections within the coming century (1000 ppm) and a concentration sufficient to saturate photosynthesis (3000 ppm). The following measurements were performed: phenotyping and growth, salicylic acid contents, pathogen resistance tests, and RNAseq analysis of the transcriptome. Improved shoot development was observed at both 1000 and 3000 ppm. A transcriptomic analysis pointed to an increase in primary metabolism capacity under hCO2. Alongside this effect, up-regulation of genes associated with secondary metabolism was also observed. This effect was especially evident for the terpenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways, and was accompanied by enhanced expression of immunity-related genes and accumulation of salicylic acid. Pathogen tests using the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae revealed that hCO2 had a complex effect, with enhanced susceptibility to infection but no increase in fungal development. The study reveals that immunity in B. distachyon is modulated by growth at hCO2 and allows identification of pathways that might play a role in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lug Trémulot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Macadré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Joséphine Gal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Alexandra Launay-Avon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christine Paysant-Le Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Marie Dufresne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Gif sur Yvette, France
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24
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Ranner JL, Schalk S, Martyniak C, Parniske M, Gutjahr C, Stark TD, Dawid C. Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant-microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef L Ranner
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schalk
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Cindy Martyniak
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Parniske
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Timo D Stark
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Professorship of Functional Phytometabolomics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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25
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Kanda Y, Shinya T, Maeda S, Mujiono K, Hojo Y, Tomita K, Okada K, Kamakura T, Galis I, Mori M. BSR1, a Rice Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase, Positively Regulates Defense Responses to Herbivory. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10395. [PMID: 37373546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crops experience herbivory by arthropods and microbial infections. In the interaction between plants and chewing herbivores, lepidopteran larval oral secretions (OS) and plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) trigger plant defense responses. However, the mechanisms underlying anti-herbivore defense, especially in monocots, have not been elucidated. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase Broad-Spectrum Resistance 1 (BSR1) of Oryza sativa L. (rice) mediates cytoplasmic defense signaling in response to microbial pathogens and enhances disease resistance when overexpressed. Here, we investigated whether BSR1 contributes to anti-herbivore defense responses. BSR1 knockout suppressed rice responses triggered by OS from the chewing herbivore Mythimna loreyi Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and peptidic DAMPs OsPeps, including the activation of genes required for biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs). BSR1-overexpressing rice plants exhibited hyperactivation of DP accumulation and ethylene signaling after treatment with simulated herbivory and acquired enhanced resistance to larval feeding. As the biological significance of herbivory-induced accumulation of rice DPs remains unexplained, their physiological activities in M. loreyi were analyzed. The addition of momilactone B, a rice DP, to the artificial diet suppressed the growth of M. loreyi larvae. Altogether, this study revealed that BSR1 and herbivory-induced rice DPs are involved in the defense against chewing insects, in addition to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Kanda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Satoru Maeda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kadis Mujiono
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomita
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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26
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Murphy KM, Dowd T, Khalil A, Char SN, Yang B, Endelman BJ, Shih PM, Topp C, Schmelz EA, Zerbe P. A dolabralexin-deficient mutant provides insight into specialized diterpenoid metabolism in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1338-1358. [PMID: 36896653 PMCID: PMC10231366 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two major groups of specialized metabolites in maize (Zea mays), termed kauralexins and dolabralexins, serve as known or predicted diterpenoid defenses against pathogens, herbivores, and other environmental stressors. To consider the physiological roles of the recently discovered dolabralexin pathway, we examined dolabralexin structural diversity, tissue-specificity, and stress-elicited production in a defined biosynthetic pathway mutant. Metabolomics analyses support a larger number of dolabralexin pathway products than previously known. We identified dolabradienol as a previously undetected pathway metabolite and characterized its enzymatic production. Transcript and metabolite profiling showed that dolabralexin biosynthesis and accumulation predominantly occur in primary roots and show quantitative variation across genetically diverse inbred lines. Generation and analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-derived loss-of-function Kaurene Synthase-Like 4 (Zmksl4) mutants demonstrated dolabralexin production deficiency, thus supporting ZmKSL4 as the diterpene synthase responsible for the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate precursors into dolabradiene and downstream pathway products. Zmksl4 mutants further display altered root-to-shoot ratios and root architecture in response to water deficit. Collectively, these results demonstrate dolabralexin biosynthesis via ZmKSL4 as a committed pathway node biochemically separating kauralexin and dolabralexin metabolism, and suggest an interactive role of maize dolabralexins in plant vigor during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Murphy
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tyler Dowd
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Ahmed Khalil
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Si Nian Char
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Benjamin J Endelman
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Eric A Schmelz
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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27
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Wang L, Xu G, Li L, Ruan M, Bennion A, Wang GL, Li R, Qu S. The OsBDR1-MPK3 module negatively regulates blast resistance by suppressing the jasmonate signaling and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211102120. [PMID: 36952381 PMCID: PMC10068787 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211102120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) may initiate signaling pathways by perceiving and transmitting environmental signals to cellular machinery and play diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. The rice genome encodes more than one thousand RLKs, but only a small number have been characterized as receptors for phytohormones, polypeptides, elicitors, and effectors. Here, we screened the function of 11 RLKs in rice resistance to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae) and identified a negative regulator named BDR1 (Blast Disease Resistance 1). The expression of BDR1 was rapidly increased under M. oryzae infection, while silencing or knockout of BDR1 significantly enhanced M. oryzae resistance in two rice varieties. Protein interaction and kinase activity assays indicated that BDR1 directly interacted with and phosphorylated mitogen-activated kinase 3 (MPK3). Knockout of BDR1 compromised M. oryzae-induced MPK3 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, transcriptome analysis revealed that M. oryzae-elicited jasmonate (JA) signaling and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were negatively regulated by BDR1 and MPK3. Mutation of JA biosynthetic (allene oxide cyclase (AOC)/signaling (MYC2) genes decreased rice resistance to M. oryzae. Besides diterpenoid, the monoterpene linalool and the sesquiterpene caryophyllene were identified as unique defensive compounds against M. oryzae, and their biosynthesis genes (TPS3 and TPS29) were transcriptionally regulated by JA signaling and suppressed by BDR1 and MPK3. These findings demonstrate the existence of a BDR1-MPK3 cascade that negatively mediates rice blast resistance by affecting JA-related defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021Hangzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Xu
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiying Ruan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,310021Hangzhou, China
| | - Anne Bennion
- SynMikro Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35032Marburg, Germany
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, 43210Columbus, OH
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaohong Qu
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310021Hangzhou, China
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28
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Kato-Noguchi H. Defensive Molecules Momilactones A and B: Function, Biosynthesis, Induction and Occurrence. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040241. [PMID: 37104180 PMCID: PMC10140866 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Labdane-related diterpenoids, momilactones A and B were isolated and identified in rice husks in 1973 and later found in rice leaves, straws, roots, root exudate, other several Poaceae species and the moss species Calohypnum plumiforme. The functions of momilactones in rice are well documented. Momilactones in rice plants suppressed the growth of fungal pathogens, indicating the defense function against pathogen attacks. Rice plants also inhibited the growth of adjacent competitive plants through the root secretion of momilactones into their rhizosphere due to the potent growth-inhibitory activity of momilactones, indicating a function in allelopathy. Momilactone-deficient mutants of rice lost their tolerance to pathogens and allelopathic activity, which verifies the involvement of momilactones in both functions. Momilactones also showed pharmacological functions such as anti-leukemia and anti-diabetic activities. Momilactones are synthesized from geranylgeranyl diphosphate through cyclization steps, and the biosynthetic gene cluster is located on chromosome 4 of the rice genome. Pathogen attacks, biotic elicitors such as chitosan and cantharidin, and abiotic elicitors such as UV irradiation and CuCl2 elevated momilactone production through jasmonic acid-dependent and independent signaling pathways. Rice allelopathy was also elevated by jasmonic acid, UV irradiation and nutrient deficiency due to nutrient competition with neighboring plants with the increased production and secretion of momilactones. Rice allelopathic activity and the secretion of momilactones into the rice rhizosphere were also induced by either nearby Echinochloa crus-galli plants or their root exudates. Certain compounds from Echinochloa crus-galli may stimulate the production and secretion of momilactones. This article focuses on the functions, biosynthesis and induction of momilactones and their occurrence in plant species.
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29
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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30
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Fu J, Wang L, Pei W, Yan J, He L, Ma B, Wang C, Zhu C, Chen G, Shen Q, Wang Q. ZmEREB92 interacts with ZmMYC2 to activate maize terpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis upon Fusarium graminearum infection through jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1302-1319. [PMID: 36319608 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) terpenoid phytoalexins (MTPs) induced by multiple fungi display extensive antimicrobial activities, yet how maize precisely regulates MTP accumulation upon pathogen infection remains elusive. In this study, pretreatment with jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-related inhibitors significantly reduced Fusarium graminearum-induced MTP accumulation and resulted in enhanced susceptibility to F. graminearum, indicating the involvement of JA/ET in MTP regulatory network. ZmEREB92 positively regulated MTP biosynthetic gene (MBG) expression by correlation analysis. Knockout of ZmEREB92 significantly compromised maize resistance to F. graminearum with delayed induction of MBGs and attenuated MTP accumulation. The activation of ZmEREB92 on MBGs is dependent on the interaction with ZmMYC2, which directly binds to MBG promoters. ZmJAZ14 interacts both with ZmEREB92 and with ZmMYC2 in a competitive manner to negatively regulate MBG expression. Altogether, our findings illustrate the regulatory mechanism for JA/ET-mediated MTP accumulation upon F. graminearum infection with the involvement of ZmEREB92, ZmMYC2, and ZmJAZ14, which provides new insights into maize disease responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingye Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenzheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linqian He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ben Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chenying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Qinqin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Bryson AE, Lanier ER, Lau KH, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Mathieu D, Yocca AE, Miller GP, Edger PP, Buell CR, Hamberger B. Uncovering a miltiradiene biosynthetic gene cluster in the Lamiaceae reveals a dynamic evolutionary trajectory. Nat Commun 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 36670101 PMCID: PMC9860074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of genes within plant genomes can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. Terpenoids are important specialized metabolites in plants with diverse adaptive functions that enable environmental interactions. Here, we report the genome assemblies of Prunella vulgaris, Plectranthus barbatus, and Leonotis leonurus. We investigate the origin and subsequent evolution of a diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) together with other seven species within the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Based on core genes found in the BGCs of all species examined across the Lamiaceae, we predict a simplified version of this cluster evolved in an early Lamiaceae ancestor. The current composition of the extant BGCs highlights the dynamic nature of its evolution. We elucidate the terpene backbones generated by the Callicarpa americana BGC enzymes, including miltiradiene and the terpene (+)-kaurene, and show oxidization activities of BGC cytochrome P450s. Our work reveals the fluid nature of BGC assembly and the importance of genome structure in contributing to the origin of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Bryson
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emily R Lanier
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kin H Lau
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Davis Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan E Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Garret P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Valletta A, Iozia LM, Fattorini L, Leonelli F. Rice Phytoalexins: Half a Century of Amazing Discoveries; Part I: Distribution, Biosynthesis, Chemical Synthesis, and Biological Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:260. [PMID: 36678973 PMCID: PMC9862927 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, providing approximately 20% of the world's food energy needs. A broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms causes rice diseases leading to huge yield losses worldwide. Wild and cultivated rice species are known to possess a wide variety of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, known as phytoalexins, which are part of their active defense mechanisms. These compounds are biosynthesized transiently by rice in response to pathogens and certain abiotic stresses. Rice phytoalexins have been intensively studied for over half a century, both for their biological role and their potential application in agronomic and pharmaceutical fields. In recent decades, the growing interest of the research community, combined with advances in chemical, biological, and biomolecular investigation methods, has led to a notable acceleration in the growth of knowledge on rice phytoalexins. This review provides an overview of the knowledge gained in recent decades on the diversity, distribution, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and bioactivity of rice phytoalexins, with particular attention to the most recent advances in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Iozia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Singh G, Agrawal H, Bednarek P. Specialized metabolites as versatile tools in shaping plant-microbe associations. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:122-144. [PMID: 36503863 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants are rich repository of a large number of chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized metabolites. These compounds are of importance for adaptive processes including responses against changing abiotic conditions and interactions with various co-existing organisms. One of the strikingly affirmed functions of these specialized metabolites is their involvement in plants' life-long interactions with complex multi-kingdom microbiomes including both beneficial and harmful microorganisms. Recent developments in genomic and molecular biology tools not only help to generate well-curated information about regulatory and structural components of biosynthetic pathways of plant specialized metabolites but also to create and screen mutant lines defective in their synthesis. In this review, we have comprehensively surveyed the function of these specialized metabolites and discussed recent research findings demonstrating the responses of various microbes on tested mutant lines having defective biosynthesis of particular metabolites. In addition, we attempt to provide key clues about the impact of these metabolites on the assembly of the plant microbiome by summarizing the major findings of recent comparative metagenomic analyses of available mutant lines under customized and natural microbial niches. Subsequently, we delineate benchmark initiatives that aim to engineer or manipulate the biosynthetic pathways to produce specialized metabolites in heterologous systems but also to diversify their immune function. While denoting the function of these metabolites, we also discuss the critical bottlenecks associated with understanding and exploiting their function in improving plant adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Singh
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Himani Agrawal
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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Antoine G, Vaissayre V, Meile JC, Payet J, Conéjéro G, Costet L, Fock-Bastide I, Joët T, Dussert S. Diterpenes of Coffea seeds show antifungal and anti-insect activities and are transferred from the endosperm to the seedling after germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:627-637. [PMID: 36535102 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Coffea accumulate diterpenes of the ent-kaurane family in the endosperm of their seeds, of which cafestol and kahweol are the most abundant. The diterpenes are mainly stored in esterified form with fatty acids, mostly palmitate. In contrast to the numerous studies on their effects on human health and therapeutic applications, nothing was previously known about their biological and ecological role in planta. The antifungal and anti-insect activities of cafestol and cafestol palmitate were thus investigated in this study. Cafestol significantly affected the mycelial growth of five of the six phytopathogenic fungi tested. It also greatly reduced the percentage of pupation of larvae and the pupae and adult masses of one of the two fruit flies tested. By contrast, cafestol palmitate had no significant effect against any of the fungi and insects studied. Using confocal imaging and oil body isolation and analysis, we showed that diterpenes are localized in endosperm oil bodies, suggesting that esterification with fatty acids enables the accumulation of large amounts of diterpenes in a non-toxic form. Diterpene measurements in all organs of seedlings recovered from whole seed germination or embryos isolated from the endosperm showed that diterpenes are transferred from the endosperm to the cotyledons during seedling growth and then distributed to all organs, including the hypocotyl and the root. Collectively, our findings show that coffee diterpenes are broad-spectrum defence compounds that protect not only the seed on the mother plant and in the soil, but also the seedling after germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Antoine
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France; PVBMT, Univ Réunion, CIRAD, La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Meile
- QUALISUD, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ Avignon, Univ La Réunion, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jim Payet
- PVBMT, Univ Réunion, CIRAD, La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Laurent Costet
- PVBMT, Univ Réunion, CIRAD, La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Thierry Joët
- DIADE, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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Yoshida Y, Nosaka-T M, Yoshikawa T, Sato Y. Measurements of Antibacterial Activity of Seed Crude Extracts in Cultivated Rice and Wild Oryza Species. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:63. [PMID: 36513947 PMCID: PMC9748026 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are continuously exposed to a wide variety of microorganisms in the soil. In addition, seeds contain large amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources that support initial growth after germination. Thus, seeds in the soil can easily promote microbial growth, and seeds are susceptible to decay. Therefore, seed defense against microorganisms is important for plant survival. Seed-microbe interactions are also important issues from the perspective of food production, in seed quality and shelf life. However, seed-microbe interactions remain largely unexplored. In this study, we established a simple and rapid assay system for the antibacterial activity of rice seed crude extracts by colorimetric quantification methods by the reduction of tetrazolium compound. Using this experimental system, the diversity of effects of rice seed extracts on microbial growth was analyzed using Escherichia coli as a bacterial model. We used collections of cultivated rice, comprising 50 accessions of Japanese landraces, 52 accessions of world rice core collections, and of 30 wild Oryza accessions. Furthermore, we attempted to find genetic factors responsible for the diversity by genome-wide association analysis. Our results demonstrate that this experimental system can easily analyze the effects of seed extracts on bacterial growth. It also suggests that there are various compounds in rice seeds that affect microbial growth. Overall, this experimental system can be used to clarify the chemical entities and genetic control of seed-microbe interactions and will open the door for understanding the diverse seed-microbe interactions through metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misuzu Nosaka-T
- National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sato
- National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Shizuoka, Japan.
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36
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Ho BL, Chen JC, Huang TP, Fang SC. Protocorm-like-body extract of Phalaenopsis aphrodite combats watermelon fruit blotch disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1054586. [PMID: 36523623 PMCID: PMC9745142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1054586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by the seedborne gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli, is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of cucurbits (gourds) worldwide. Despite its prevalence, effective and reliable means to control bacterial fruit blotch remain limited. Transcriptomic analyses of tissue culture-based regeneration processes have revealed that organogenesis-associated cellular reprogramming is often associated with upregulation of stress- and defense-responsive genes. Yet, there is limited evidence supporting the notion that the reprogrammed cellular metabolism of the regenerated tissued confers bona fide antimicrobial activity. Here, we explored the anti-bacterial activity of protocorm-like-bodies (PLBs) of Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Encouragingly, we found that the PLB extract was potent in slowing growth of A. citrulli, reducing the number of bacteria attached to watermelon seeds, and alleviating disease symptoms of watermelon seedlings caused by A. citrulli. Because the anti-bacterial activity can be fractionated chemically, we predict that reprogrammed cellular activity during the PLB regeneration process produces metabolites with antibacterial activity. In conclusion, our data demonstrated the antibacterial activity in developing PLBs and revealed the potential of using orchid PLBs to discover chemicals to control bacterial fruit blotch disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Ho
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhun-Chen Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Master’s and PhD Degree Program of Plant Health Care, Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guan Y, He X, Wen D, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F, Jiang Y. Fusarium oxysporum infection on root elicit aboveground terpene production and salicylic acid accumulation in Chrysanthemum morifolium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 190:11-23. [PMID: 36087542 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Underground infection of Fusarium oxysporum resulted in great yield losses in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) industry. However, the effect of F. oxysporum root disease on the terpenes production in above- and below-ground parts of plant is completely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the systematic impact of Fusarium infection underground on the terpene production in aboveground parts of chrysanthemum. Terpene production in above- and below-ground parts was profiled in a time series of post-inoculation by GC-MS. Total terpenes were significantly induced from roots and leaves of Fusarium-infected versus healthy plants. These terpenes included monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, in which sesquiterpenes were primarily induced in roots and leaves, while monoterpenes were produced only in leaves. Through transcriptome analysis, 8 differentially expressed terpene synthase genes (TPSs) were screened out. The relative expression levels of 8 TPS genes at different developmental stage and tissues indicated the spatial delay of the TPS genes in leaves. The induced terpenes from roots and leaves showed consistency with the expression pattern of TPS genes. The biochemical function of Cm-j-TPS1/2/7 were verified by enzymatic assay. Additionally, it's found that the content of salicylic acid (SA) in root and leaf significantly increased by F. oxysporum infection, suggesting a role of the SA signaling pathway in defense. Together, these results reveal the defense response of above- and below-ground parts of plants to root fungal attack and provide a theoretical basis for the effective prediction and control of F. oxysporum infection in chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Tiedge K, Li X, Merrill AT, Davisson D, Chen Y, Yu P, Tantillo DJ, Last RL, Zerbe P. Comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal specialized metabolite drought stress responses in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1393-1408. [PMID: 36028985 PMCID: PMC9912200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a bioenergy model crop valued for its energy efficiency and drought tolerance. The related monocot species rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays) deploy species-specific, specialized metabolites as core stress defenses. By contrast, specialized chemical defenses in switchgrass are largely unknown. To investigate specialized metabolic drought responses in switchgrass, we integrated tissue-specific transcriptome and metabolite analyses of the genotypes Alamo and Cave-in-Rock that feature different drought tolerance. The more drought-susceptible Cave-in-Rock featured an earlier onset of transcriptomic changes and significantly more differentially expressed genes in response to drought compared to Alamo. Specialized pathways showed moderate differential expression compared to pronounced transcriptomic alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. However, diterpenoid-biosynthetic genes showed drought-inducible expression in Alamo roots, contrasting largely unaltered triterpenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways. Metabolomic analyses identified common and genotype-specific flavonoids and terpenoids. Consistent with transcriptomic alterations, several root diterpenoids showed significant drought-induced accumulation, whereas triterpenoid abundance remained predominantly unchanged. Structural analysis verified select drought-responsive diterpenoids as oxygenated furanoditerpenoids. Drought-dependent transcriptome and metabolite profiles provide the foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying switchgrass drought responses. Accumulation of specialized root diterpenoids and corresponding pathway transcripts supports a role in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Tiedge
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen9747AG Groningenthe Netherlands
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Amy T. Merrill
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Danielle Davisson
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ping Yu
- NMR FacilityUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Robert L. Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
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REN J, WU Y, ZHU Z, CHEN R, ZHANG L. Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:761-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Ninkuu V, Yan J, Zhang L, Fu Z, Yang T, Li S, Li B, Duan J, Ren J, Li G, Yang X, Zeng H. Hrip1 mediates rice cell wall fortification and phytoalexins elicitation to confer immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:980821. [PMID: 36212323 PMCID: PMC9546723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.980821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is a potent fungus that adversely affects rice yield. Combinatorial techniques of prevention, toxic chemicals, and fungicide are used to remedy rice blast infection. We reported the role of Hrip1 in cell death elicitation and expression of systematic acquired resistance that could potentially stifle M. oryzae infection. In this study, transcriptome and metabolomic techniques were used to investigate the mechanism by which Hrip1 reprogramed the transcriptome of rice seedlings to confer immunity against M. oryzae. Our results showed that Hrip1 induces cell wall thickening and phytoalexin elicitation to confer immunity against M. oryzae infection. Hrip1 activates key lignin biosynthetic genes and myeloblastosis transcription factors that act as molecular switches for lignin production. Lignin content was increased by 68.46% and more after 48 h onwards in Hrip1-treated seedlings compared to the control treatment. Further analysis of cell wall morphology using the transmission electron microscopy technique revealed over 100% cell wall robustness. Hrip1 also induced the expression of 24 diterpene synthases. These include class I and II terpene synthases, cytochrome P450 subfamilies (OsCYP76M and OsCYP71Z), and momilactones synthases. The relationship between the expression of these genes and metabolic elicitation was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Enhanced amounts of momilactones A and B, oryzalactone, and phytocassane A and G were detected in the Hrip1-treated leaves. We also identified seven benzoxazinoid genes (BX1-BX7) that could improve rice immunity. Our findings show that Hrip1 confers dual immunity by leveraging lignin and phytoalexins for physical and chemical resistance. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying Hrip1-treated plant immunity.
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Guche MD, Pilati S, Trenti F, Dalla Costa L, Giorni P, Guella G, Marocco A, Lanubile A. Functional Study of Lipoxygenase-Mediated Resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus Infection in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810894. [PMID: 36142806 PMCID: PMC9503958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels by fungal pathogens like Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus is a chronic global challenge impacting food and feed security, health, and trade. Maize lipoxygenase genes (ZmLOXs) synthetize oxylipins that play defense roles and govern host-fungal interactions. The current study investigated the involvement of ZmLOXs in maize resistance against these two fungi. A considerable intraspecific genetic and transcript variability of the ZmLOX family was highlighted by in silico analysis comparing publicly available maize pan-genomes and pan-transcriptomes, respectively. Then, phenotyping and expression analysis of ZmLOX genes along with key genes involved in oxylipin biosynthesis were carried out in a maize mutant carrying a Mu transposon insertion in the ZmLOX4 gene (named UFMulox4) together with Tzi18, Mo17, and W22 inbred lines at 3- and 7-days post-inoculation with F. verticillioides and A. flavus. Tzi18 showed the highest resistance to the pathogens coupled with the lowest mycotoxin accumulation, while UFMulox4 was highly susceptible to both pathogens with the most elevated mycotoxin content. F. verticillioides inoculation determined a stronger induction of ZmLOXs and maize allene oxide synthase genes as compared to A. flavus. Additionally, oxylipin analysis revealed prevalent linoleic (18:2) peroxidation by 9-LOXs, the accumulation of 10-oxo-11-phytoenoic acid (10-OPEA), and triglyceride peroxidation only in F. verticillioides inoculated kernels of resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikias Damtew Guche
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- C3A—Centro Agricoltura Alimenti Ambiente, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Trenti
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paola Giorni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599206
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Wang W, Wang X, Liao H, Feng Y, Guo Y, Shu Y, Wang J. Effects of Nitrogen Supply on Induced Defense in Maize ( Zea mays) against Fall Armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810457. [PMID: 36142369 PMCID: PMC9504019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How nitrogen (N) supply affects the induced defense of plants remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impacts of N supply on the defense induced in maize (Zea mays) against the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). In the absence of herbivore attack or exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) application, N supply increased plant biomass and enhanced maize nutrient (soluble sugar and amino acid) contents and leaf area fed by S. frugiperda (the feeding leaf area of S. frugiperda larvae in maize supplemented with 52.2 and 156.6 mg/kg of N was 4.08 and 3.83 times that of the control, respectively). When coupled with herbivore attack or JA application, maize supplemented with 52.2 mg/kg of N showed an increased susceptibility to pests, while the maize supplemented with 156.6 mg/kg of N showed an improved defense against pests. The changes in the levels of nutrients, and the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused by N supply could explain the above opposite induced defense in maize. Compared with herbivore attack treatment, JA application enhanced the insect resistance in maize supplemented with 156.6 mg/kg of N more intensely, mainly reflecting a smaller feeding leaf area, which was due to indole emission and two upregulated defensive genes, MPI (maize proteinase inhibitor) and PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). Hence, the optimal N level and appropriate JA application can enhance plant-induced defense against pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huimin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanjiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yeshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (J.W.)
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Perez-Roman E, Borredá C, Tadeo FR, Talon M. Transcriptome analysis of the pulp of citrus fruitlets suggests that domestication enhanced growth processes and reduced chemical defenses increasing palatability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982683. [PMID: 36119632 PMCID: PMC9478336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To identify key traits brought about by citrus domestication, we have analyzed the transcriptomes of the pulp of developing fruitlets of inedible wild Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis), acidic Sun Chu Sha Kat mandarin (C. reticulata) and three palatable segregants of a cross between commercial Clementine (C. x clementina) and W. Murcott (C. x reticulata) mandarins, two pummelo/mandarin admixtures of worldwide distribution. RNA-seq comparison between the wild citrus and the ancestral sour mandarin identified 7267 differentially expressed genes, out of which 2342 were mapped to 117 KEGG pathways. From the remaining genes, a set of 2832 genes was functionally annotated and grouped into 45 user-defined categories. The data suggest that domestication promoted fundamental growth processes to the detriment of the production of chemical defenses, namely, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, glucosinolates and cyanogenic glucosides. In the papeda, the generation of energy to support a more active secondary metabolism appears to be dependent upon upregulation of glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, Calvin cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP-citrate lyase and GABA pathways. In the acidic mandarin, downregulation of cytosolic citrate degradation was concomitant with vacuolar citrate accumulation. These changes affected nitrogen and carbon allocation in both species leading to major differences in organoleptic properties since the reduction of unpleasant secondary metabolites increases palatability while acidity reduces acceptability. The comparison between the segregants and the acidic mandarin identified 357 transcripts characterized by the occurrence in the three segregants of additional downregulation of secondary metabolites and basic structural cell wall components. The segregants also showed upregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of methyl anthranilate and furaneol, key substances of pleasant fruity aroma and flavor, and of sugar transporters relevant for sugar accumulation. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis in developing and ripe fruit of a set of genes previously associated with citric acid accumulation, demonstrated that lower acidity is linked to downregulation of these regulatory genes in the segregants. The results suggest that the transition of inedible papeda to sour mandarin implicated drastic gene expression reprograming of pivotal pathways of the primary and secondary metabolism, while palatable mandarins evolved through progressive refining of palatability properties, especially acidity.
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Role of Tocochromanols in Tolerance of Cereals to Biotic Stresses: Specific Focus on Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungal Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169303. [PMID: 36012567 PMCID: PMC9408828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pathogens capable of producing mycotoxins are one of the main threats to the cultivation of cereals and the safety of the harvested kernels. Improving the resistance of crops to fungal disease and accumulation of mycotoxins is therefore a crucial issue. Achieving this goal requires a deep understanding of plant defense mechanisms, most of them involving specialized metabolites. However, while numerous studies have addressed the contribution of phenylpropanoids and carotenoids to plant chemical defense, very few have dealt with tocochromanols. Tocochromanols, which encompass tocopherols and tocotrienols and constitute the vitamin E family, are widely distributed in cereal kernels; their biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied with the aim to enrich plant oils and combat vitamin E deficiency in humans. Here we provide strong assumptions arguing in favor of an involvement of tocochromanols in plant–fungal pathogen interactions. These assumptions are based on both direct effects resulting from their capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species, including lipid peroxyl radicals, on their potential to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin yield, and on more indirect effects mainly based on their role in plant protection against abiotic stresses.
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Sun Y, Chen Z, Wang G, Lv H, Mao Y, Ma K, Wang Y. De novo production of versatile oxidized kaurene diterpenes in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2022; 73:201-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Desmedt W, Kudjordjie EN, Chavan SN, Zhang J, Li R, Yang B, Nicolaisen M, Mori M, Peters RJ, Vanholme B, Vestergård M, Kyndt T. Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins are involved in defence against parasitic nematodes and shape rhizosphere nematode communities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1231-1245. [PMID: 35460590 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs) are secondary metabolites with a well known role in resistance to foliar pathogens. As DPs are also known to be produced and exuded by rice roots, we hypothesised that they might play an important role in plant-nematode interactions, and particularly in defence against phytoparasitic nematodes. We used transcriptome analysis on rice roots to analyse the effect of infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola or treatment with resistance-inducing chemical stimuli on DP biosynthesis genes, and assessed the susceptibility of mutant rice lines impaired in DP biosynthesis to M. graminicola. Moreover, we grew these mutants and their wild-type in field soil and used metabarcoding to assess the effect of impairment in DP biosynthesis on rhizosphere and root nematode communities. We show that M. graminicola suppresses DP biosynthesis genes early in its invasion process and, conversely, that resistance-inducing stimuli transiently induce the biosynthesis of DPs. Moreover, we show that loss of DPs increases susceptibility to M. graminicola. Metabarcoding on wild-type and DP-deficient plants grown in field soil reveals that DPs significantly alter the composition of rhizosphere and root nematode communities. Diterpenoid phytoalexins are important players in basal and inducible defence against nematode pathogens of rice and help shape rice-associated nematode communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Desmedt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Satish Namdeo Chavan
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Juan Zhang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Graduate School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Riqing Li
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Masaki Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Slagelse, 4200, Denmark
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Research Group Epigenetics and Defence, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Sudalaimuthuasari N, Ali R, Kottackal M, Rafi M, Al Nuaimi M, Kundu B, Al-Maskari RS, Wang X, Mishra AK, Balan J, Chaluvadi SR, Al Ansari F, Bennetzen JL, Purugganan MD, Hazzouri KM, Amiri KMA. The Genome of the Mimosoid Legume Prosopis cineraria, a Desert Tree. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8503. [PMID: 35955640 PMCID: PMC9369113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mimosoid legumes are a clade of ~40 genera in the Caesalpinioideae subfamily of the Fabaceae that grow in tropical and subtropical regions. Unlike the better studied Papilionoideae, there are few genomic resources within this legume group. The tree Prosopis cineraria is native to the Near East and Indian subcontinent, where it thrives in very hot desert environments. To develop a tool to better understand desert plant adaptation mechanisms, we sequenced the P. cineraria genome to near-chromosomal assembly, with a total sequence length of ~691 Mb. We predicted 77,579 gene models (76,554 CDS, 361 rRNAs and 664 tRNAs) from the assembled genome, among them 55,325 (~72%) protein-coding genes that were functionally annotated. This genome was found to consist of over 58% repeat sequences, primarily long terminal repeats (LTR-)-retrotransposons. We find an expansion of terpenoid metabolism genes in P. cineraria and its relative Prosopis alba, but not in other legumes. We also observed an amplification of NBS-LRR disease-resistance genes correlated with LTR-associated retrotransposition, and identified 410 retrogenes with an active burst of chimeric retrogene creation that approximately occurred at the same time of divergence of P. cineraria from a common lineage with P. alba~23 Mya. These retrogenes include many biotic defense responses and abiotic stress stimulus responses, as well as the early Nodulin 93 gene. Nodulin 93 gene amplification is consistent with an adaptive response of the species to the low nitrogen in arid desert soil. Consistent with these results, our differentially expressed genes show a tissue specific expression of isoprenoid pathways in shoots, but not in roots, as well as important genes involved in abiotic salt stress in both tissues. Overall, the genome sequence of P. cineraria enriches our understanding of the genomic mechanisms of its disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Thus, it is a very important step in crop and legume improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Rashid Ali
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
- Mitrix Bio., 400 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Martin Kottackal
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Mohammed Rafi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Mariam Al Nuaimi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Biduth Kundu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.K.); (R.S.A.-M.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Raja Saeed Al-Maskari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.K.); (R.S.A.-M.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (X.W.); (S.R.C.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Jithin Balan
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Srinivasa R. Chaluvadi
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (X.W.); (S.R.C.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Fatima Al Ansari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.K.); (R.S.A.-M.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennetzen
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (X.W.); (S.R.C.); (J.L.B.)
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box. 129188, United Arab Emirates;
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Khaled M. Hazzouri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
| | - Khaled M. A. Amiri
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (N.S.); (R.A.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (M.A.N.); (A.K.M.); (J.B.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box. 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.K.); (R.S.A.-M.); (F.A.A.)
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Sun Y, Zhang PT, Kou DR, Han YC, Fang JC, Ni JP, Jiang B, Wang X, Zhang YJ, Wang W, Kong XD. Terpene Synthases in Rice Pan-Genome and Their Responses to Chilo suppressalis Larvae Infesting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:905982. [PMID: 35668795 PMCID: PMC9164016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.905982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthase (TPS) catalyzes the synthesis of terpenes and plays an important role in plant defense. This study identified 45 OsTPS genes (32 core genes and 13 variable genes) based on the high-quality rice gene-based pan-genome. This indicates limitations in OsTPS gene studies based on a single reference genome. In the present study, through collinearity between multiple rice genomes, one OsTPS gene absent in the reference (Nipponbare) genome was found and two TPS genes in the reference genome were found to have atypical structures, which would have been ignored in single genome analysis. OsTPS genes were divided into five groups and TPS-b was lost according to the phylogenetic tree. OsTPSs in TPS-c and TPS-g were all core genes indicating these two groups were stable during domestication. In addition, through the analysis of transcriptome data, some structural variations were found to affect the expression of OsTPS genes. Through the Ka/Ks calculation of OsTPS genes, we found that different OsTPS genes were under different selection pressure during domestication; for example, OsTPS22 and OsTPS29 experienced stronger positive selection than the other OsTPS genes. After Chilo suppressalis larvae infesting, 25 differentially expressed OsTPS genes were identified, which are involved in the diterpene phytoalexins precursors biosynthesis and ent-kaurene biosynthesis pathways. Overall, the present study conducted a bioinformatics analysis of OsTPS genes using a high-quality rice pan-genome, which provided a basis for further study of OsTPS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Pei-tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Dou-rong Kou
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yang-chun Han
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-chao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yong-jun Zhang
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Wuhu Qingyijiang Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Wuhu, China
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Nguyen NH, Trotel-Aziz P, Clément C, Jeandet P, Baillieul F, Aziz A. Camalexin accumulation as a component of plant immunity during interactions with pathogens and beneficial microbes. PLANTA 2022; 255:116. [PMID: 35511374 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview on the role of camalexin in plant immunity taking into account various plant-pathogen and beneficial microbe interactions, regulation mechanisms and the contribution in basal and induced plant resistance. In a hostile environment, plants evolve complex and sophisticated defense mechanisms to counteract invading pathogens and herbivores. Several lines of evidence support the assumption that secondary metabolites like phytoalexins which are synthesized de novo, play an important role in plant defenses and contribute to pathogens' resistance in a wide variety of plant species. Phytoalexins are synthesized and accumulated in plants upon pathogen challenge, root colonization by beneficial microbes, following treatment with chemical elicitors or in response to abiotic stresses. Their protective properties against pathogens have been reported in various plant species as well as their contribution to human health. Phytoalexins are synthesized through activation of particular sets of genes encoding specific pathways. Camalexin (3'-thiazol-2'-yl-indole) is the primary phytoalexin produced by Arabidopsis thaliana after microbial infection or abiotic elicitation and an iconic representative of the indole phytoalexin family. The synthesis of camalexin is an integral part of cruciferous plant defense mechanisms. Although the pathway leading to camalexin has been largely elucidated, the regulatory networks that control the induction of its biosynthetic steps by pathogens with different lifestyles or by beneficial microbes remain mostly unknown. This review thus presents current knowledge regarding camalexin biosynthesis induction during plant-pathogen and beneficial microbe interactions as well as in response to microbial compounds and provides an overview on its regulation and interplay with signaling pathways. The contribution of camalexin to basal and induced plant resistance and its detoxification by some pathogens to overcome host resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huu Nguyen
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan, Buon Ma Thuot, Daklak, Vietnam
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France.
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Reynoso MA, Borowsky AT, Pauluzzi GC, Yeung E, Zhang J, Formentin E, Velasco J, Cabanlit S, Duvenjian C, Prior MJ, Akmakjian GZ, Deal RB, Sinha NR, Brady SM, Girke T, Bailey-Serres J. Gene regulatory networks shape developmental plasticity of root cell types under water extremes in rice. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1177-1192.e6. [PMID: 35504287 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how roots modulate development under varied irrigation or rainfall is crucial for development of climate-resilient crops. We established a toolbox of tagged rice lines to profile translating mRNAs and chromatin accessibility within specific cell populations. We used these to study roots in a range of environments: plates in the lab, controlled greenhouse stress and recovery conditions, and outdoors in a paddy. Integration of chromatin and mRNA data resolves regulatory networks of the following: cycle genes in proliferating cells that attenuate DNA synthesis under submergence; genes involved in auxin signaling, the circadian clock, and small RNA regulation in ground tissue; and suberin biosynthesis, iron transporters, and nitrogen assimilation in endodermal/exodermal cells modulated with water availability. By applying a systems approach, we identify known and candidate driver transcription factors of water-deficit responses and xylem development plasticity. Collectively, this resource will facilitate genetic improvements in root systems for optimal climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A Reynoso
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; IBBM, FCE-UNLP CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Alexander T Borowsky
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Germain C Pauluzzi
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elaine Yeung
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Elide Formentin
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Joel Velasco
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Sean Cabanlit
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Christine Duvenjian
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Matthew J Prior
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Garo Z Akmakjian
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Roger B Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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