1
|
Rogers MS, Gordon AM, Rappe TM, Goodpaster JD, Lipscomb JD. Contrasting Mechanisms of Aromatic and Aryl-Methyl Substituent Hydroxylation by the Rieske Monooxygenase Salicylate 5-Hydroxylase. Biochemistry 2023; 62:507-523. [PMID: 36583545 PMCID: PMC9854337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxylase component (S5HH) of salicylate-5-hydroxylase catalyzes C5 ring hydroxylation of salicylate but switches to methyl hydroxylation when a C5 methyl substituent is present. The use of 18O2 reveals that both aromatic and aryl-methyl hydroxylations result from monooxygenase chemistry. The functional unit of S5HH comprises a nonheme Fe(II) site located 12 Å across a subunit boundary from a one-electron reduced Rieske-type iron-sulfur cluster. Past studies determined that substrates bind near the Fe(II), followed by O2 binding to the iron to initiate catalysis. Stopped-flow-single-turnover reactions (STOs) demonstrated that the Rieske cluster transfers an electron to the iron site during catalysis. It is shown here that fluorine ring substituents decrease the rate constant for Rieske electron transfer, implying a prior reaction of an Fe(III)-superoxo intermediate with a substrate. We propose that the iron becomes fully oxidized in the resulting Fe(III)-peroxo-substrate-radical intermediate, allowing Rieske electron transfer to occur. STO using 5-CD3-salicylate-d8 occurs with an inverse kinetic isotope effect (KIE). In contrast, STO of a 1:1 mixture of unlabeled and 5-CD3-salicylate-d8 yields a normal product isotope effect. It is proposed that aromatic and aryl-methyl hydroxylation reactions both begin with the Fe(III)-superoxo reaction with a ring carbon, yielding the inverse KIE due to sp2 → sp3 carbon hybridization. After Rieske electron transfer, the resulting Fe(III)-peroxo-salicylate intermediate can continue to aromatic hydroxylation, whereas the equivalent aryl-methyl intermediate formation must be reversible to allow the substrate exchange necessary to yield a normal product isotope effect. The resulting Fe(III)-(hydro)peroxo intermediate may be reactive or evolve through a high-valent iron intermediate to complete the aryl-methyl hydroxylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Adrian M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Todd M. Rappe
- Minnesota NMR Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jason D. Goodpaster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John D. Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu WY, Li K, Weitz A, Wen A, Kim H, Murray JC, Cheng R, Chen B, Naowarojna N, Grinstaff MW, Elliott SJ, Chen JS, Liu P. Light-Driven Oxidative Demethylation Reaction Catalyzed by a Rieske-Type Non-heme Iron Enzyme Stc2. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14559-14570. [PMID: 37168530 PMCID: PMC10168674 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rieske-type non-heme iron oxygenases/oxidases catalyze a wide range of transformations. Their applications in bioremediation or biocatalysis face two key barriers: the need of expensive NAD(P)H as a reductant and a proper reductase to mediate the electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the oxygenases. To bypass the need of both the reductase and NAD(P)H, using Rieske-type oxygenase (Stc2) catalyzed oxidative demethylation as the model system, we report Stc2 photocatalysis using eosin Y/sulfite as the photosensitizer/sacrificial reagent pair. In a flow-chemistry setting to separate the photo-reduction half-reaction and oxidation half-reaction, Stc2 photo-biocatalysis outperforms the Stc2-NAD(P)H-reductase (GbcB) system. In addition, in a few other selected Rieske enzymes (NdmA, CntA, and GbcA), and a flavin-dependent enzyme (iodotyrosine deiodinase, IYD), the eosin Y/sodium sulfite photo-reduction pair could also serve as the NAD(P)H-reductase surrogate to support catalysis, which implies the potential applicability of this photo-reduction system to other redox enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yao Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Andrew Weitz
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Aiwen Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Hyomin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Jessica C. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Baixiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Nathchar Naowarojna
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Sean J. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| | - Jie-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, P. R. China
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu T, Xiang L, Gao R, Wu L, Deng G, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Shen L, Chen S, Liu X, Yin Q. Integrated multi-omics analysis and microbial recombinant protein system reveal hydroxylation and glycosylation involving nevadensin biosynthesis in Lysionotus pauciflorus. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:195. [PMID: 36123741 PMCID: PMC9484059 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Karst-adapted plant, Lysionotus pauciflours accumulates special secondary metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological effects for surviving in drought and high salty areas, while researchers focused more on their environmental adaptations and evolutions. Nevadensin (5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone), the main active component in L. pauciflours, has unique bioactivity of such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, and anti-tumor or cancer. Complex decoration of nevadensin, such as hydroxylation and glycosylation of the flavone skeleton determines its diversity and biological activities. The lack of omics data limits the exploration of accumulation mode and biosynthetic pathway. Herein, we integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbial recombinant protein system to reveal hydroxylation and glycosylation involving nevadensin biosynthesis in L. pauciflours. Results Up to 275 flavonoids were found to exist in L. pauciflorus by UPLC-MS/MS based on widely targeted metabolome analysis. The special flavone nevadensin (5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,4'-trimethoxyflavone) is enriched in different tissues, as are its related glycosides. The flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was drawn based on differential transcripts analysis, including 9 PAL, 5 C4H, 8 4CL, 6 CHS, 3 CHI, 1 FNSII, and over 20 OMTs. Total 310 LpCYP450s were classified into 9 clans, 36 families, and 35 subfamilies, with 56% being A-type CYP450s by phylogenetic evolutionary analysis. According to the phylogenetic tree with AtUGTs, 187 LpUGTs clustered into 14 evolutionary groups (A-N), with 74% being E, A, D, G, and K groups. Two LpCYP82D members and LpUGT95 were functionally identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli, respectively. CYP82D-8 and CYP82D-1 specially hydroxylate the 6- or 8-position of A ring in vivo and in vitro, dislike the function of F6H or F8H discovered in basil which functioned depending on A-ring substituted methoxy. These results refreshed the starting mode that apigenin can be firstly hydroxylated on A ring in nevadensin biosynthesis. Furthermore, LpUGT95 clustered into the 7-OGT family was verified to catalyze 7-O glucosylation of nevadensin accompanied with weak nevadensin 5-O glucosylation function, firstly revealed glycosylation modification of flavones with completely substituted A-ring. Conclusions Metabolomic and full-length transcriptomic association analysis unveiled the accumulation mode and biosynthetic pathway of the secondary metabolites in the karst-adapted plant L. pauciflorus. Moreover, functional identification of two LpCYP82D members and one LpUGT in microbe reconstructed the pathway of nevadensin biosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01921-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Wu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Liang Shen
- Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Qinggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. .,Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Current State of Knowledge in Biological Properties of Cirsimaritin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091842. [PMID: 36139916 PMCID: PMC9495358 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for natural plant-based products as new pharmacological alternatives to treat various human pathologies has taken on great importance for researchers and research laboratories. In this context, research has intensified to extract and identify natural molecules endowed with biological effects. The objective of this study is to review the source and pharmacological properties of cirsimaritin. The identification and isolation of this flavonoid from various natural sources, including medicinal plants such as Artemisia judaica, Cirsium japonicum, Lithocarpus dealbatus, Microtea debilis, and Ocimum sanctum, has been carried out and verified using different spectral techniques. Biological effect investigations are carried out with a wide variety of experimental models in vitro and in vivo and laboratory techniques. The results of these research works showed the biological properties of cirsimaritin including anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms involved in the multiple activities of this molecule are diverse and include sub-cellular, cellular, and molecular levels. Indeed, this bioactive induces anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects by inhibiting cell membrane receptors, interference with signaling pathways, and inhibiting transcriptional factors such as Nf-κB involved in cell promotion and proliferation. In the light of these results, cirsimaritin appears as a promising and viable alternative natural bioactive drug to treat many pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dulak K, Sordon S, Matera A, Kozak B, Huszcza E, Popłoński J. Novel flavonoid C-8 hydroxylase from Rhodotorula glutinis: identification, characterization and substrate scope. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:175. [PMID: 36038906 PMCID: PMC9422121 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The regioselective hydroxylation of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, is still a bottleneck of classical organic chemistry that could be solved using enzymes with high activity and specificity. Yeast Rhodotorula glutinis KCh735 in known to catalyze the C-8 hydroxylation of flavones and flavanones. The enzyme F8H (flavonoid C8-hydroxylase) is involved in the reaction, but the specific gene has not yet been identified. In this work, we present identification, heterologous expression and characterization of the first F8H ortho-hydroxylase from yeast. Results Differential transcriptome analysis and homology to bacterial monooxygenases, including also a FAD-dependent motif and a GD motif characteristic for flavin-dependent monooxygenases, provided a set of coding sequences among which RgF8H was identified. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that RgF8H is a member of the flavin monooxygenase group active on flavonoid substrates. Analysis of recombinant protein showed that the enzyme catalyzes the C8-hydroxylation of naringenin, hesperetin, eriodyctiol, pinocembrin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, diosmetin and 7,4ʹ-dihydroxyflavone. The presence of the C7-OH group is necessary for enzymatic activity indicating ortho-hydroxylation mechanism. The enzyme requires the NADPH coenzyme for regeneration prosthetic group, displays very low hydroxyperoxyflavin decupling rate, and addition of FAD significantly increases its activity. Conclusions This study presents identification of the first yeast hydroxylase responsible for regioselective C8-hydroxylation of flavonoids (F8H). The enzyme was biochemically characterized and applied in in vitro cascade with Bacillus megaterium glucose dehydrogenase reactions. High in vivo activity in Escherichia coli enable further synthetic biology application towards production of rare highly antioxidant compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01899-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Dulak
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sandra Sordon
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Matera
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kozak
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Huszcza
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Popłoński
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schumacher I, Menghini D, Ovinnikov S, Hauenstein M, Fankhauser N, Zipfel C, Hörtensteiner S, Aubry S. Evolution of chlorophyll degradation is associated with plant transition to land. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1473-1488. [PMID: 34931727 PMCID: PMC9306834 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll, the central pigment of photosynthesis, is highly photo‐active and degraded enzymatically during leaf senescence. Merging comparative genomics and metabolomics, we evaluate the extent to which the chlorophyll detoxification pathway has evolved in Viridiplantae. We argue that cytosolic detoxification of phyllobilins in particular was a critical process to the green lineage’s transition to land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schumacher
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Damian Menghini
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Serguei Ovinnikov
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Mareike Hauenstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Fankhauser
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Aubry
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of ZürichZürich8008Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poursalavati A, Rashidi-Monfared S, Ebrahimi A. Toward understanding of the methoxylated flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19549. [PMID: 34599246 PMCID: PMC8486745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with the development and advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies, a new path has been provided for transcriptomic studies. In this study, the transcriptome of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss., as an endemic and endangered plant which is contained a large amount of valuable secondary metabolites with antioxidant and anticancer properties, was sequenced. Then functional annotation and gene ontology analysis for 165,597 assembled transcripts were performed, most were associated with the metabolic pathways. This might be because there are various active biochemical pathways in this plant. Furthermore, after comprehensive transcript annotation, the putative genes involved in the main metabolic pathways of D. kotschyi were identified. Then, the biosynthetic pathway of its valuable methoxylated flavones was proposed. Finally, the accumulations of important methoxylated-flavone metabolites in three different tissues were quantified by HPLC. The relative expression of the genes involved in the proposed pathway was investigated by qRT-PCR, which indicated high expression levels in the bud tissue. The present results may lead to the design strategies to preserve the genetic diversity of endangered D. kotschyi plants and apply the new methods for engineering its valuable methoxylated-flavones pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdonaser Poursalavati
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada.,Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hiraga Y, Shimada N, Nagashima Y, Suda K, Kanamori T, Ishiguro K, Sato Y, Hirakawa H, Sato S, Akashi T, Tanaka Y, Ohta D, Aoki K, Shibata D, Suzuki H, Kera K. Identification of a Flavin Monooxygenase-Like Flavonoid 8-Hydroxylase with Gossypetin Synthase Activity from Lotus japonicus. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:411-423. [PMID: 33416873 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a model legume that accumulates 8-hydroxyflavonol derivatives, such as gossypetin (8-hydroxyquercetin) 3-O-glycoside, which confer the yellow color to its petals. An enzyme, flavonoid 8-hydroxylase (F8H; LjF8H), is assumed to be involved in the biosynthesis, but the specific gene is yet to be identified. The LjF8H cDNA was isolated as a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding monooxygenase-like protein using flower buds and flower-specific EST data of L. japonicus. LjF8H is a single copy gene on chromosome III consisting of six exons. The conserved FAD- and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidase motifs were found in LjF8H. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that LjF8H is a member of the flavin monooxygenase group but distinctly different from other known flavonoid oxygenases. Analysis of recombinant yeast microsome expressing LjF8H revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the 8-hydroxylation of quercetin. Other flavonoids, such as naringenin, eriodictyol, apigenin, luteolin, taxifolin and kaempferol, also acted as substrates of LjF8H. This broad substrate acceptance was unlike known F8Hs in other plants. Interestingly, flavanone and flavanonol, which have saturated C-C bond at positions 2 and 3 of the flavonoid C-ring, produced 6-hyroxylflavonoids as a by-product of the enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, LjF8H only accepted the 2S-isomer of naringenin, suggesting that the conformational state of the substrates might affect product specificity. The overexpression of LjF8H in Arabidopsis thaliana and Petunia hybrida synthesized gossypetin and 8-hydroxykaempferol, respectively, indicating that LjF8H was functional in plant cells. In conclusion, this study represents the first instance of cloning and identification of F8Hs responsible for gossypetin biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Hiraga
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
- Research and Development Department, Hirata Corporation, 111 Hitotsugi, Ueki, Kita, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 861-0198 Japan
| | - Norimoto Shimada
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagashima
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suda
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Tina Kanamori
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Kanako Ishiguro
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, 8-1-1, Seika-dai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284 Japan
| | - Yuka Sato
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880 Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Facility for Genome Informatics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Akashi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd, 8-1-1, Seika-dai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284 Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Koh Aoki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
- Research and Development Department, Hirata Corporation, 111 Hitotsugi, Ueki, Kita, Kumamoto-shi, Kumamoto, 861-0198 Japan
| | - Kota Kera
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818 Japan
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
dos S. Nascimento LB, Brunetti C, Agati G, Lo Iacono C, Detti C, Giordani E, Ferrini F, Gori A. Short-Term Pre-Harvest UV-B Supplement Enhances the Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Ocimum basilicum Leaves during Storage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E797. [PMID: 32630593 PMCID: PMC7361986 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum (basil) leaves are rich in polyphenols, conferring them a high antioxidant activity. The application of UV-B can be used to maintain the post-harvest nutraceutical quality of basil leaves. We aimed to investigate the effects of pre-harvest UV-B application on polyphenolic and pigment contents, antioxidant capacity, and the visual quality of basil stored leaves. We also evaluated the applicability of the non-invasive Dualex® for monitoring the accumulation of leaf epidermal phenolics (Flav Index). After exposing plants to white light (control) and to supplemental UV-B radiation for 4 d, the leaves were harvested and stored for 7d (TS7). The UV-B leaves showed both a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than the controls at TS7. In addition, the correlations between the Flav Index and phenolic content demonstrated that Dualex® can reliably assess the content of epidermal phenolics, thus confirming its promising utilization as a non-destructive method for monitoring the phytochemical quality of O. basilicum leaves. In conclusion, a pre-harvesting UV-B application may be a tool for enhancing the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant potential of basil stored leaves without detrimental effects on their visual quality. These results are important considering the nutraceutical value of this plant and its wide commercial distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Beatriz dos S. Nascimento
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Giovanni Agati
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Applied Physics (IFAC), CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Clara Lo Iacono
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Cassandra Detti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Edgardo Giordani
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (L.B.d.S.N.); (C.L.I.); (C.D.); (E.G.); (F.F.); (A.G.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), CAP. 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rogers MS, Lipscomb JD. Salicylate 5-Hydroxylase: Intermediates in Aromatic Hydroxylation by a Rieske Monooxygenase. Biochemistry 2019; 58:5305-5319. [PMID: 31066545 PMCID: PMC6856394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rieske oxygenases (ROs) catalyze a large range of oxidative chemistry. We have shown that cis-dihydrodiol-forming Rieske dioxygenases first react with their aromatic substrates via an active site nonheme Fe(III)-superoxide; electron transfer from the Rieske cluster then completes the product-forming reaction. Alternatively, two-electron-reduced Fe(III)-peroxo or hydroxo-Fe(V)-oxo activated oxygen intermediates are possible and may be utilized by other ROs to expand the catalytic range. Here, the reaction of a Rieske monooxygenase, salicylate 5-hydroxylase, that does not form a cis-dihydrodiol is examined. Single-turnover kinetic studies show fast binding of salicylate and O2. Transfer of the Rieske electron required to form the gentisate product occurs through bonds over ∼12 Å and must also be very fast. However, the observed rate constant for this reaction is much slower than expected and sensitive to substrate type. This suggests that initial reaction with salicylate occurs using the same Fe(III)-superoxo-level intermediate as Rieske dioxygenases and that this reaction limits the observed rate of electron transfer. A transient intermediate (λmax = 700 nm) with an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) at g = 4.3 is observed after the product is formed in the active site. The use of 17O2 (I = 5/2) results in hyperfine broadening of the g = 4.3 signal, showing that gentisate binds to the mononuclear iron via its C5-OH in the intermediate. The chromophore and EPR signal allow study of product release in the catalytic cycle. Comparison of the kinetics of single- and multiple-turnover reactions shows that re-reduction of the metal centers accelerates product release ∼300-fold, providing insight into the regulatory mechanism of ROs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S. Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - John D. Lipscomb
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics and Center for Metals in Biocatalysis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hagel JM, Facchini PJ. Expanding the roles for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases in plant metabolism. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:721-734. [PMID: 29488530 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00060j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (2ODOs) comprise a large enzyme superfamily in plant genomes, second in size only to the cytochromes P450 monooxygenase (CYP) superfamily. 2ODOs participate in both primary and specialized plant pathways, and their occurrence across all life kingdoms points to an ancient origin. Phylogenetic evidence supports substantial expansion and diversification of 2ODOs following the split from the common ancestor of land plants. More conserved roles for these enzymes include oxidation within hormone metabolism, such as the recently described capacity of Dioxygenase for Auxin Oxidation (DAO) for governing auxin homeostasis. Conserved structural features among 2ODOs has provided a basis for continued investigation into their mechanisms, and recent structural work is expected to illuminate intriguing reactions such as that of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACCO). Phylogenetic radiation among this superfamily combined with neo- and subfunctionalization has enabled recruitment to highly specialized pathways, including those yielding medicines, flavours, dyes, poisons, and compounds important for plant-environment interactions. Catalytic versatility of 2ODOs in plants and across broader taxa continues to inspire biochemists tasked with the discovery of new enzymes. This highlight article summarizes recent reports up to 2018 of 2ODOs within plant metabolism. Furthermore, the respective contributions of 2ODOs and other oxidases to natural product biosynthesis are discussed as a framework for continued discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Hagel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - P J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molinero-Rosales N, Martín-Rodríguez JÁ, Ho-Plágaro T, García-Garrido JM. Identification and expression analysis of the arbuscular mycorrhiza-inducible Rieske non-heme oxygenase Ptc52 gene from tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 237:95-103. [PMID: 31051335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) formation enhances plant growth and fitness through improved uptake of water and mineral nutrients in exchange for carbon compounds to the AM fungus. The fungal structure for the reciprocal exchange of nutrients in the symbiosis is the arbuscule, and defence genes expressed in cells containing arbuscules could play a role in the control of hyphal spread and arbuscule formation in the root. We characterized and analyzed the Ptc52 gene from tomato (SlPtc52), a member of the gene family of non-heme oxygenases, whose function has been related to the lethal leaf spot 1 (Lls1) lesion mimic phenotype in plants which is sometimes associated with enhanced disease resistance. Sequence analysis of the SlPTC52 protein revealed conserved typical motifs from non-heme oxygenases, including a Rieske [2Fe-2S] motif, a mononuclear non-heme iron-binding motif and a C-terminal CxxC motif. The level of transcript accumulation was low in stem, flower and green fruits, and high in leaves. Although SlPtc52 expression was perceptible at low levels in roots, its expression increased concomitantly with AM fungus root colonization. Tomato non-mycorrhizal hairy roots expressing the GUS protein under the control of promoter SlPtc52 exhibited GUS activity in the endodermis, the apical meristem of the root tip and in the lateral root primordium. AM fungal colonization also resulted in intensive GUS activity that clearly corresponds to cortical cells containing arbuscules. SlPtc52 gene silencing led to a delay in root colonization and a decrease in arbuscular abundance, suggesting that SlPTC52 plays a regulatory role during AM symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Molinero-Rosales
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda nº1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Tania Ho-Plágaro
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda nº1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Garrido
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ) CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda nº1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Jing SX, Luo SH, Li SH. Non-volatile natural products in plant glandular trichomes: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:626-665. [PMID: 30468448 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation methods, chemistry, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of non-volatile natural products involving 489 compounds in plant glandular trichomes are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lukowski AL, Ellinwood DC, Hinze ME, DeLuca RJ, Du Bois J, Hall S, Narayan ARH. C-H Hydroxylation in Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11863-11869. [PMID: 30192526 PMCID: PMC6558983 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable degree of synthetic selectivity found in Nature is exemplified by the biosynthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins such as saxitoxin. The polycyclic core shared by saxitoxin and its relatives is assembled and subsequently elaborated through the installation of hydroxyl groups with exquisite precision that is not possible to replicate with traditional synthetic methods. Here, we report the identification of the enzymes that carry out a subset of C-H functionalizations involved in paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis. We have shown that three Rieske oxygenases mediate hydroxylation reactions with perfect site- and stereoselectivity. Specifically, the Rieske oxygenase SxtT is responsible for selective hydroxylation of a tricyclic precursor to the famous natural product saxitoxin, and a second Rieske oxygenase, GxtA, selectively hydroxylates saxitoxin to access the oxidation pattern present in gonyautoxin natural products. Unexpectedly, a third Rieske oxygenase, SxtH, does not hydroxylate tricyclic intermediates, but rather a linear substrate prior to tricycle formation, rewriting the biosynthetic route to paralytic shellfish toxins. Characterization of SxtT, SxtH, and GxtA is the first demonstration of enzymes carrying out C-H hydroxylation reactions in paralytic shellfish toxin biosynthesis. Additionally, the reactions of these oxygenases with a suite of saxitoxin-related molecules are reported, highlighting the substrate promiscuity of these catalysts and the potential for their application in the synthesis of natural and unnatural saxitoxin congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April L. Lukowski
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Duncan C. Ellinwood
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Meagan E. Hinze
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ryan J. DeLuca
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - J. Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Sherwood Hall
- United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Production of methoxylated flavonoids in yeast using ring A hydroxylases and flavonoid O-methyltransferases from sweet basil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5585-5598. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
16
|
Zhao Q, Cui MY, Levsh O, Yang D, Liu J, Li J, Hill L, Yang L, Hu Y, Weng JK, Chen XY, Martin C. Two CYP82D Enzymes Function as Flavone Hydroxylases in the Biosynthesis of Root-Specific 4'-Deoxyflavones in Scutellaria baicalensis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:135-148. [PMID: 28842248 PMCID: PMC5770198 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Baicalein, wogonin, and their glycosides are major bioactive compounds found in the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. These flavones can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines but have no effect on normal cells. Furthermore, they have many additional benefits for human health, such as anti-oxidant, antiviral, and liver-protective properties. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of two CYP450 enzymes, SbCYP82D1.1 and SbCYP82D2, which function as the flavone 6-hydroxylase (F6H) and flavone 8-hydroxylase (F8H), respectively, in S. baicalensis. SbCYP82D1.1 has broad substrate specificity for flavones such as chrysin and apigenin and is responsible for biosynthesis of baicalein and scutellarein in roots and aerial parts of S. baicalensis, respectively. When the expression of SbCYP82D1.1 is knocked down, baicalin and baicalein levels are reduced significantly while chrysin glycosides accumulate in hairy roots. SbCYP82D2 is an F8H with high substrate specificity, accepting only chrysin as its substrate to produce norwogonin, although minor 6-hydroxylation activity can also be detected. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that SbCYP82D2 might have evolved from SbCYP82D1.1 via gene duplication followed by neofunctionalization, whereby the ancestral F6H activity is partially retained in the derived SbCYP82D2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Meng-Ying Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Olesya Levsh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ke Weng
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rastogi S, Shasany AK. Ocimum Genome Sequencing—A Futuristic Therapeutic Mine. THE OCIMUM GENOME 2018. [PMCID: PMC7124093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97430-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms from the past decade are in the continuous efforts of changing the impact of sequencing on our current knowledge about plant genes, genomes, and their regulation. Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L. or sanctum L.) genome sequencing has also paved the path for deeper exploration of the medicinal properties of this beneficial herb making it a true ‘elixir of life.’ The draft genome sequence of the holy basil has not only opened the avenues for the drug discovery but has also widened the prospects of the molecular breeding for development of new improved plant varieties.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chakraborty J, Suzuki-Minakuchi C, Okada K, Nojiri H. Thermophilic bacteria are potential sources of novel Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases. AMB Express 2017; 7:17. [PMID: 28050858 PMCID: PMC5209329 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases, which have a Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] cluster and a non-heme catalytic iron center, are an important family of oxidoreductases involved mainly in regio- and stereoselective transformation of a wide array of aromatic hydrocarbons. Though present in all domains of life, the most widely studied Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases are found in mesophilic bacteria. The present study explores the potential for isolating novel Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases from thermophilic sources. Browsing the entire bacterial genome database led to the identification of 45 homologs from thermophilic bacteria distributed mainly among Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-Thermus and Firmicutes. Thermostability, measured according to the aliphatic index, showed higher values for certain homologs compared with their mesophilic relatives. Prediction of substrate preferences indicated that a wide array of aromatic hydrocarbons could be transformed by most of the identified oxygenase homologs. Further identification of putative genes encoding components of a functional oxygenase system opens up the possibility of reconstituting functional thermophilic Rieske non-heme iron oxygenase systems with novel properties.
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh P, Kalunke RM, Giri AP. Towards comprehension of complex chemical evolution and diversification of terpene and phenylpropanoid pathways in Ocimum species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of chemical diversity and diversification of terpene and phenylpropanoid pathway inOcimumspecies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Raviraj M. Kalunke
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit
- Division of Biochemical Sciences
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Berim A, Kim MJ, Gang DR. Identification of a unique 2-oxoglutarate-dependent flavone 7-O-demethylase completes the elucidation of the lipophilic flavone network in basil. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:126-136. [PMID: 25378691 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule demethylation is considered unusual in plants. Of the studied instances, the N-demethylation of nicotine is catalyzed by a Cyt P450 monooxygenase, while the O-dealkylation of alkaloids in Papaver somniferum is mediated by 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODDs). This report describes a 2-ODD regiospecifically catalyzing the 7-O-demethylation of methoxylated flavones in peltate trichomes of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Three candidate 2-ODDs were identified in the basil trichome transcriptome database. Only the candidate designated ObF7ODM1 was found to be active with and highly specific for the proposed natural substrates, gardenin B and 8-hydroxysalvigenin. Of the characterized 2-ODDs, ObF7ODM1 is most closely related to O-demethylases from Papaver. The demethylase activity in trichomes from four basil chemotypes matches well with the abundance of ObF7ODM1 peptides and transcripts in the same trichome preparations. Treatment of basil plants with a 2-ODD inhibitor prohexadione-calcium significantly reduced the accumulation of 7-O-demethylated flavone nevadensin, confirming the involvement of a 2-ODD in its formation. Notably, the full-length open reading frame of ObF7ODM1 contains a second in-frame AUG codon 57 nucleotides downstream of the first translation initiation codon. Both AUG codons are recognized by bacterial translation machinery during heterologous gene expression. The N-truncated ObF7ODM1 is nearly inactive. The N-terminus essential for activity is unique to ObF7ODM1 and does not align with the sequences of other 2-ODDs. Further studies will reveal whether alternative translation initiation plays a role in regulating the O-demethylase activity in planta. Molecular identification of the flavone 7-O-demethylase completes the biochemical elucidation of the lipophilic flavone network in basil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Berim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|