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Xin Y, Chen X, Liang J, Wang S, Pan W, Wu J, Zhang M, Zaccai M, Yu X, Zhang X, Wu J, Du Y. Auxin regulates bulbil initiation by mediating sucrose metabolism in Lilium lancifolium. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae054. [PMID: 38706581 PMCID: PMC11069426 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Lily bulbils, which serve as advantageous axillary organs for vegetative propagation, have not been extensively studied in terms of the mechanism of bulbil initiation. The functions of auxin and sucrose metabolism have been implicated in axillary organ development, but their relationship in regulating bulbil initiation remains unclear. In this study, exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) treatment increased the endogenous auxin levels at leaf axils and significantly decreased bulbil number, whereas treatment with the auxin polar transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), which resulted in a low auxin concentration at leaf axils, stimulated bulbil initiation and increased bulbil number. A low level of auxin caused by NPA spraying or silencing of auxin biosynthesis genes YUCCA FLAVIN MONOOXYGENASE-LIKE 6 (LlYUC6) and TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASERELATED 1 (LlTAR1) facilitated sucrose metabolism by activating the expression of SUCROSE SYNTHASES 1 (LlSusy1) and CELL WALL INVERTASE 2 (LlCWIN2), resulting in enhanced bulbil initiation. Silencing LlSusy1 or LlCWIN2 hindered bulbil initiation. Moreover, the transcription factor BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 35 (LlbHLH35) directly bound the promoter of LlSusy1, but not the promoter of LlCWIN2, and activated its transcription in response to the auxin content, bridging the gap between auxin and sucrose metabolism. In conclusion, our results reveal that an LlbHLH35-LlSusy1 module mediates auxin-regulated sucrose metabolism during bulbil initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xin
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Michele Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Ornamental & Edible Lily Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland, Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Li P, Xiao L, Du Q, Quan M, Song Y, He Y, Huang W, Xie J, Lv C, Wang D, Zhou J, Li L, Liu Q, El‐Kassaby YA, Zhang D. Genomic insights into selection for heterozygous alleles and woody traits in Populus tomentosa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2002-2018. [PMID: 37392407 PMCID: PMC10502748 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous alleles are widespread in outcrossing and clonally propagated woody plants. The variation in heterozygosity that underlies population adaptive evolution and phenotypic variation, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a de novo chromosome-level genome assembly of Populus tomentosa, an economic and ecologically important native tree in northern China. By resequencing 302 natural accessions, we determined that the South subpopulation (Pop_S) encompasses the ancestral strains of P. tomentosa, while the Northwest subpopulation (Pop_NW) and Northeast subpopulation (Pop_NE) experienced different selection pressures during population evolution, resulting in significant population differentiation and a decrease in the extent of heterozygosity. Analysis of heterozygous selective sweep regions (HSSR) suggested that selection for lower heterozygosity contributed to the local adaptation of P. tomentosa by dwindling gene expression and genetic load in the Pop_NW and Pop_NE subpopulations. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed that 88 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 63 genes are associated with nine wood composition traits. Among them, the selection for the homozygous AA allele in PtoARF8 is associated with reductions in cellulose and hemicellulose contents by attenuating PtoARF8 expression, and the increase in lignin content is attributable to the selection for decreases in exon heterozygosity in PtoLOX3 during adaptive evolution of natural populations. This study provides novel insights into allelic variations in heterozygosity associated with adaptive evolution of P. tomentosa in response to the local environment and identifies a series of key genes for wood component traits, thereby facilitating genomic-based breeding of important traits in perennial woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuepeng Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuling He
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weixiong Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianbo Xie
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chenfei Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lianzheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black MountainCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Yousry A. El‐Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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Du K, Zhao W, Lv Z, Liu L, Ali S, Chen B, Hu W, Zhou Z, Wang Y. Auxin and abscisic acid play important roles in promoting glucose metabolism of reactivated young kernels of maize (Zea mays L.). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14019. [PMID: 37882255 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In maize, young kernels that are less competitive and have poor sink activity often abort. Studies have indicated that such poor competitiveness depends, in part, on the regulation by auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). However, the mechanisms for such effects remain unclear. We used pollination-blocking and hand-pollination treatments accompanied by multi-omics and physiological tests, to identify underlying mechanism by which IAA and ABA, along with sugar signaling affect kernel development. Results showed that preventing pollination of the primary ears reactivated kernels in the secondary ears and altered both sugar metabolism and hormone signaling pathways. This was accompanied by increased enzyme activities in carbon metabolism and concentrations of glucose and starch, as well as increased levels of IAA and decreased levels of ABA in the reactivated kernels. Positive and negative correlations were observed between IAA, ABA contents and cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity, and glucose contents, respectively. In vitro culture revealed that the expression of genes involved in glucose utilization was upregulated by IAA, but downregulated by ABA. IAA could promote the expression of ABA signaling genes ZmPP2C9 and ZmPP2C13 but downregulated the expression of Zmnced5, an ABA biosynthesis gene, and ZmSnRK2.10, which is involved in ABA signal transduction. However, these genes showed opposite trends when IAA transport was inhibited. To summarize, we suggest a regulatory model for how IAA inhibits ABA metabolism by promoting the smooth utilization of glucose in reactivated young kernels. Our findings highlight the importance of IAA in ABA signaling by regulating glucose production and transport in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Du
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqing Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Lv
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saif Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Binglin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Fox H, Ben-Dor S, Doron-Faigenboim A, Goldsmith M, Klein T, David-Schwartz R. Carbohydrate dynamics in Populus trees under drought: An expression atlas of genes related to sensing, translocation, and metabolism across organs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14001. [PMID: 37882295 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In trees, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) serve as long-term carbon storage and long-distance carbon transport from source to sink. NSC management in response to drought stress is key to our understanding of drought acclimation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. By combining a transcriptomic approach with NSC quantification in the leaves, stems, and roots of Populus alba under drought stress, we analyzed genes from 29 gene families related to NSC signaling, translocation, and metabolism. We found starch depletion across organs and accumulation of soluble sugars (SS) in the leaves. Activation of the trehalose-6-phosphate/SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK1) signaling pathway across organs via the suppression of class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS) and the expression of class II TPS genes suggested an active response to drought. The expression of SnRK1α and β subunits, and SUCROSE SYNTHASE6 supported SS accumulation in leaves. The upregulation of active transporters and the downregulation of most passive transporters implied a shift toward active sugar transport and enhanced regulation over partitioning. SS accumulation in vacuoles supports osmoregulation in leaves. The increased expression of sucrose synthesis genes and reduced expression of sucrose degradation genes in the roots did not coincide with sucrose levels, implying local sucrose production for energy. Moreover, the downregulation of invertases in the roots suggests limited sucrose allocation from the aboveground organs. This study provides an expression atlas of NSC-related genes that respond to drought in poplar trees, and can be tested in tree improvement programs for adaptation to drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Fox
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Department of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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5
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Shen S, Ma S, Wu L, Zhou SL, Ruan YL. Winners take all: competition for carbon resource determines grain fate. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:893-901. [PMID: 37080837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionary strategy, plants overproduce ovaries as a safety net for survival, with those losing in the competition for resources being aborted. Grain abortion is, however, highly detrimental agronomically. The molecular basis of selective abortion of grain siblings remains unknown. In this opinion article we assess the current understanding of the molecular players controlling carbon resource import into ovaries and young grains, followed by an evaluation of the spatial hierarchy of sink capacity among grain siblings, focusing on the roles exerted by sugar transporters and enzymes. We argue that, upon sequential pollination and fertilization, robust activation of the carbon import and sugar signaling system plays a key role in establishing the capacity of grain siblings to acquire enough carbon resources to survive and thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Seitz J, Reimann TM, Fritz C, Schröder C, Knab J, Weber W, Stadler R. How pollen tubes fight for food: the impact of sucrose carriers and invertases of Arabidopsis thaliana on pollen development and pollen tube growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1063765. [PMID: 37469768 PMCID: PMC10352115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1063765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tubes of higher plants grow very rapidly until they reach the ovules to fertilize the female gametes. This growth process is energy demanding, however, the nutrition strategies of pollen are largely unexplored. Here, we studied the function of sucrose transporters and invertases during pollen germination and pollen tube growth. RT-PCR analyses, reporter lines and knockout mutants were used to study gene expression and protein function in pollen. The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains eight genes that encode functional sucrose/H+ symporters. Apart from AtSUC2, which is companion cell specific, all other AtSUC genes are expressed in pollen tubes. AtSUC1 is present in developing pollen and seems to be the most important sucrose transporter during the fertilization process. Pollen of an Atsuc1 knockout plant contain less sucrose and have defects in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. The loss of other sucrose carriers affects neither pollen germination nor pollen tube growth. A multiple knockout line Atsuc1Atsuc3Atsuc8Atsuc9 shows a phenotype that is comparable to the Atsuc1 mutant line. Loss of AtSUC1 can`t be complemented by AtSUC9, suggesting a special function of AtSUC1. Besides sucrose carriers, pollen tubes also synthesize monosaccharide carriers of the AtSTP family as well as invertases. We could show that AtcwINV2 and AtcwINV4 are expressed in pollen, AtcwINV1 in the transmitting tissue and AtcwINV5 in the funiculi of the ovary. The vacuolar invertase AtVI2 is also expressed in pollen, and a knockout of AtVI2 leads to a severe reduction in pollen germination. Our data indicate that AtSUC1 mediated sucrose accumulation during late stages of pollen development and cleavage of vacuolar sucrose into monosaccharides is important for the process of pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Seitz
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Maria Reimann
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Fritz
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Schröder
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Knab
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Weber
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Stadler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Ma L, Liu Y, Han Y, Deng H, Jiang H, Ren Y, Bi Y, Wang Y, Prusky D. Mechanical wounds expedited starch degradation in the wound tissues of potato tubers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124036. [PMID: 36921818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Starch degradation occurs rapidly in stressed plants, but it is unclear how starch degradation occurs in potato tubers after they incur mechanical wounding. In this study, we found that wounding significantly upregulated the expression levels of StGWD, StAMY, StBAM, and StISA, and decreased the starch content of potato tubers. Meanwhile, wounding markedly upregulated the expression levels of StSUS, StBG, and StINV genes, and increased the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Furthermore, wounding reduced the proportion of small starch granules and increase that of large as well as medium starch granules, in this way enhancing the average size distribution of starch. Initially, the hard surface layer of starch granules was removed by wounding, but the internal channels and other structures were only slightly affected. Taken together, the results show that wounding can accelerate starch degradation by promoting the accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and the hydrolysis of starch granules in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ye Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huiwen Deng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingyue Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Zhang A, He H, Li Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Luan X, Wang J, Liu H, Liu S, Zhang J, Yao D. MADS-Box Subfamily Gene GmAP3 from Glycine max Regulates Early Flowering and Flower Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032751. [PMID: 36769078 PMCID: PMC9917172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AP3 has been studied and is reported to affect structural changes in floral organs in various plants. However, the function of the soybean AP3 genes in flower development is unknown. Here, the full-length cDNA sequence of GmAP3 was obtained by RACE and it was verified that it belongs to the MADS-box subfamily by a bioinformatics analysis. The expression of GmAP3 is closely related to the expression of essential enzyme genes related to flower development. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that GmAP3 interacts with AP1 to determine the identity of flower organ development. A follow-up analysis showed that overexpression of the GmAP3 gene advanced flowering time and resulted in changes in floral organ morphology. The average flowering time of overexpressed soybean and tobacco plants was 6-8 days earlier than that of wild-type plants, and the average flowering time of gene-edited soybean and tobacco plants was 6-11 days later than that of wild-type plants. In conclusion, GmAP3 may directly or indirectly affect the flower development of soybean. The results of this study lay the foundation for further research on the biological functions of MADS transcriptional factors in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Haobo He
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lixue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinchao Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huijing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dan Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (D.Y.)
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9
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bHLH010/089 Transcription Factors Control Pollen Wall Development via Specific Transcriptional and Metabolic Networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911683. [PMID: 36232985 PMCID: PMC9570398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen wall is a specialized extracellular cell wall that protects male gametophytes from various environmental stresses and facilitates pollination. Here, we reported that bHLH010 and bHLH089 together are required for the development of the pollen wall by regulating their specific downstream transcriptional and metabolic networks. Both the exine and intine structures of bhlh010 bhlh089 pollen grains were severely defective. Further untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that the accumulation of pollen wall morphogenesis-related metabolites, including polysaccharides, glyceryl derivatives, and flavonols, were significantly changed, and the expression of such metabolic enzyme-encoding genes and transporter-encoding genes related to pollen wall morphogenesis was downregulated in bhlh010 bhlh089 mutants. Among these downstream target genes, CSLB03 is a novel target with no biological function being reported yet. We found that bHLH010 interacted with the two E-box sequences at the promoter of CSLB03 and directly activated the expression of CSLB03. The cslb03 mutant alleles showed bhlh010 bhlh089–like pollen developmental defects, with most of the pollen grains exhibiting defective pollen wall structures.
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Chavez Mendoza K, Peña-Valdivia CB, Hernández Rodríguez M, Vázquez Sánchez M, Morales Elías NC, Jiménez Galindo JC, García Esteva A, Padilla Chacón D. Phenotypic, Anatomical, and Diel Variation in Sugar Concentration Linked to Cell Wall Invertases in Common Bean Pod Racemes under Water Restriction. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131622. [PMID: 35807573 PMCID: PMC9268661 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pod wall is essential for seed formation and to protect seeds. To address the effect of water restriction on sugar metabolism in fruits differing in sink strength under light–dark cycles, we used plants of cv. OTI at 100% field capacity (FC) and at 50% FC over 10 days at the beginning of pod filling. Water restriction intensified the symptoms of leaf senescence. However, pods maintained a green color for several days longer than leaves did. In addition, the functionality of pods of the same raceme was anatomically demonstrated, and no differences were observed between water regimes. The glucose and starch concentrations were lower than those of sucrose, independent of pod wall size. Remarkably, the fructose concentration decreased only under water restriction. The cell wall invertase activity was twofold higher in the walls of small pods than in those of large ones in both water regimes; similar differences were not evident for cytosolic or vacuolar invertase. Using bioinformatics tools, six sequences of invertase genes were identified in the P. vulgaris genome. The PvINVCW4 protein sequence contains substitutions for conserved residues in the sucrose-binding site, while qPCR showed that transcript levels were induced in the walls of small pods under stress. The findings support a promising strategy for addressing sink strength under water restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Chavez Mendoza
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (K.C.M.); (C.B.P.-V.); (M.V.S.); (N.C.M.E.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (K.C.M.); (C.B.P.-V.); (M.V.S.); (N.C.M.E.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Martha Hernández Rodríguez
- Postgrado en Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico;
| | - Monserrat Vázquez Sánchez
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (K.C.M.); (C.B.P.-V.); (M.V.S.); (N.C.M.E.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Norma Cecilia Morales Elías
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (K.C.M.); (C.B.P.-V.); (M.V.S.); (N.C.M.E.); (A.G.E.)
| | | | - Antonio García Esteva
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico; (K.C.M.); (C.B.P.-V.); (M.V.S.); (N.C.M.E.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Daniel Padilla Chacón
- CONACYT-Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-595-952-0200 (ext. 1344)
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Guo S, Zhou G, Wang J, Lu X, Zhao H, Zhang M, Guo X, Zhang Y. High-Throughput Phenotyping Accelerates the Dissection of the Phenotypic Variation and Genetic Architecture of Shank Vascular Bundles in Maize (Zea mays L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101339. [PMID: 35631765 PMCID: PMC9145235 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The vascular bundle of the shank is an important ‘flow’ organ for transforming maize biological yield to grain yield, and its microscopic phenotypic characteristics and genetic analysis are of great significance for promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality. In this study, shank CT images were obtained using the standard process for stem micro-CT data acquisition at resolutions up to 13.5 μm. Moreover, five categories and 36 phenotypic traits of the shank including related to the cross-section, epidermis zone, periphery zone, inner zone and vascular bundle were analyzed through an automatic CT image process pipeline based on the functional zones. Next, we analyzed the phenotypic variations in vascular bundles at the base of the shank among a group of 202 inbred lines based on comprehensive phenotypic information for two environments. It was found that the number of vascular bundles in the inner zone (IZ_VB_N) and the area of the inner zone (IZ_A) varied the most among the different subgroups. Combined with genome-wide association studies (GWAS), 806 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, and 1245 unique candidate genes for 30 key traits were detected, including the total area of vascular bundles (VB_A), the total number of vascular bundles (VB_N), the density of the vascular bundles (VB_D), etc. These candidate genes encode proteins involved in lignin, cellulose synthesis, transcription factors, material transportation and plant development. The results presented here will improve the understanding of the phenotypic traits of maize shank and provide an important phenotypic basis for high-throughput identification of vascular bundle functional genes of maize shank and promoting the breeding of new varieties with high yield and good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangjing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.G.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (S.G.); (G.Z.)
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jinglu Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xianju Lu
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Huan Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Minggang Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Digital Plant, Research Center of Information Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (J.W.); (X.L.); (H.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Y.Z.)
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Ruan YL. CWIN-sugar transporter nexus is a key component for reproductive success. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153572. [PMID: 34839101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive development is critical for completion of plant life cycle and realization of crop yield potential. Reproductive organs comprise multiple distinctive or even transgenerational tissues, which are symplasmically disconnected from each other for protection and better control of nutrition and development. Cell wall invertases (CWINs) and sugar transporters are often specifically or abundantly expressed in these apoplasmic interfaces to provide carbon nutrients and sugar signals to developing pollens, endosperm and embryo. Emerging evidence shows that some of those genes were indeed targeted for selection during crop domestication. In this Opinion paper, I discuss the functional significance of the localized expression of CWINs and sugar transporters in reproductive organs followed by an analysis on how their spatial patterning may be regulated at the molecular levels and how the localized CWIN activity may be exploited for improvement of reproductive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ling Ruan
- School of Environmental and Life Science, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre of Plant Reproductive and Stress Biology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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