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Welt FGP, Batchelor W, Spears JR, Penna C, Pagliaro P, Ibanez B, Drakos SG, Dangas G, Kapur NK. Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: JACC Scientific Statement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2196-2213. [PMID: 38811097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Despite impressive improvements in the care of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, mortality remains high. Reperfusion is necessary for myocardial salvage, but the abrupt return of flow sets off a cascade of injurious processes that can lead to further necrosis. This has been termed myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and is the subject of this review. The pathologic and molecular bases for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury are increasingly understood and include injury from reactive oxygen species, inflammation, calcium overload, endothelial dysfunction, and impaired microvascular flow. A variety of pharmacologic strategies have been developed that have worked well in preclinical models and some have shown promise in the clinical setting. In addition, there are newer mechanical approaches including mechanical unloading of the heart prior to reperfusion that are in current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick G P Welt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | | | - J Richard Spears
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beaumont Systems, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - George Dangas
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Navin K Kapur
- The CardioVascular Center and Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Toldo S, Abbate A. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:219-237. [PMID: 37923829 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
An intense, stereotyped inflammatory response occurs in response to ischaemic and non-ischaemic injury to the myocardium. The NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a finely regulated macromolecular protein complex that senses the injury and triggers and amplifies the inflammatory response by activation of caspase 1; cleavage of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, to their mature forms; and induction of inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). Inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome and blockers of IL-1β and IL-18 activity have been shown to reduce injury to the myocardium and pericardium, favour resolution of the inflammation and preserve cardiac function. In this Review, we discuss the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome and how it is formed and activated in various ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiac pathologies (acute myocardial infarction, cardiac dysfunction and remodelling, atherothrombosis, myocarditis and pericarditis, cardiotoxicity and cardiac sarcoidosis). We also summarize current preclinical and clinical evidence from studies of agents that target the NLRP3 inflammasome and related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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3
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Farag A, Elfadadny A, Mandour AS, Ngeun SK, Aboubakr M, Kaneda M, Tanaka R. Potential protective effects of L-carnitine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18813-18825. [PMID: 38349499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a growing concern for global public health. This study seeks to explore the potential protective effects of L-carnitine (LC) against heart ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. To induce I/R injury, the rat hearts underwent a 30-min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. We evaluated cardiac function through electrocardiography and heart rate variability (HRV) and conducted pathological examinations of myocardial structure. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of LC on myocardial apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the context of I/R injury. The results show that pretreatment with LC led to improvements in the observed alterations in ECG waveforms and HRV parameters in the nontreated ischemic reperfusion model group, although most of these changes did not reach statistical significance. Similarly, although without a significant difference, LC reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines when compared to the values in the nontreated ischemic rat group. Furthermore, LC restored the reduced expressions of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3. Additionally, LC significantly reduced the elevated Bax expressions and showed a nonsignificant increase in Bcl-2 expression, resulting in a favorable adjustment of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. We also observed a significant enhancement in the histological appearance of cardiac muscles, a substantial reduction in myocardial fibrosis, and suppressed CD3 + cell proliferation in the ischemic myocardium. This small-scale, experimental, in vivo study indicates that LC was associated with enhancements in the pathological findings in the ischemic myocardium in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury in this rat model. Although statistical significance was not achieved, LC exhibits potential and beneficial protective effects against I/R injury. It does so by modulating the expression of antioxidative and antiapoptotic genes, inhibiting the inflammatory response, and enhancing autonomic balance, particularly by increasing vagal tone in the heart. Further studies are necessary to confirm and elaborate on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan.
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sai Koung Ngeun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Division of Animal Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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4
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Pagliaro P, Penna C. Inhibitors of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Ischemic Heart Disease: Focus on Functional and Redox Aspects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1396. [PMID: 37507935 PMCID: PMC10376505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is caused by several mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered cellular osmolarity, and inflammatory response. Calcium overload, altered oxygen levels, and mitochondrial ROS are also involved in these MIRI processes, resulting in the irreversible opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). These mechanisms and processes are associated with NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation, which can also induce cell death by pyroptosis through the up-regulation of the caspase-1 pathway and IL-18 release. In addition, endothelial dysfunction, both in the presence and absence of MIRI, is also accompanied by altered oxygen levels, decreased nitric oxide production, and ROS overproduction, resulting in the expression of adhesion molecules and leukocyte infiltration in which the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a central role, thus contributing, through endothelial dysfunction, to the alteration of coronary flow, typical of ischemic heart disease. Given the intricate interrelationship between ROS and NLRP3, ROS inhibitors can reduce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while NLRP3 inhibitors can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. NLRP3 inhibitors have been intensively studied as anti-inflammatory agents in basic cardiovascular sciences. In this review, we analyze the interrelation between ROS and NLRP3 in ischemic heart disease and the effects of some NLRP3 inhibitors as possible therapeutic agents in this disease condition. All compounds considered in this review need larger studies to confirm their appropriate use in clinical scenarios as anti-ischemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin University, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Turin University, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research (INRC), 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Wu Z, Luo C, Zheng B. Progress of Research into the Interleukin-1 Family in Cardiovascular Disease. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6683-6694. [PMID: 36536642 PMCID: PMC9759010 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s390915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors, such as the IL-1 family, are generally acknowledged to be involved in systemic diseases and IL-1α and IL-1β, in particular, have been linked to cardiovascular disease with IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38 yet to be explored. The current review aims to summarize mechanisms of IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38 in myocardial infarction, hypertension, arrhythmia, valvular disease and aneurysm and to explore the potential for cardiovascular disease treatment strategies and discuss future directions for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Li D, Tian K, Guo J, Wang Q, Qin Z, Lu Y, Xu Y, Scott N, Charles CJ, Liu G, Zhang J, Cui X, Tang J. Growth factors: avenues for the treatment of myocardial infarction and potential delivery strategies. Regen Med 2022; 17:561-579. [PMID: 35638395 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite recent advances in clinical management, reoccurence of heart failure after AMI remains high, in part because of the limited capacity of cardiac tissue to repair after AMI-induced cell death. Growth factor-based therapy has emerged as an alternative AMI treatment strategy. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of growth factor cardioprotective and regenerative actions is important. This review focuses on the function of different growth factors at each stage of the cardiac repair process. Recent evidence for growth factor therapy in preclinical and clinical trials is included. Finally, different delivery strategies are reviewed with a view to providing workable strategies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Nicola Scott
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Chris J Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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7
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Caspase-1 and interleukin-18 in children with post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans: a case-control study. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3093-3101. [PMID: 35705877 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The exact immunological mechanisms of post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in childhood are not fully known. It has been shown that the inflammasome and IL-18 pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the role of caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-18 components in PIBO. From January to May 2020, children with PIBO, children with history of influenza infection without PIBO, and healthy children were asked to participate in the study in three pediatric pulmonology centers. Serum caspase-1, IL-18, IL-18BP, IL-18R, and INF-γ levels were measured by ELISA and compared between the 3 groups. There were 21 children in the PIBO group, 16 children in the influenza group, and 39 children in the healthy control group. No differences in terms of age and gender between the 3 groups were found. IL-18 and IL-18BP levels were higher in the healthy control group (p = 0.018, p = 0.005, respectively). IL-18R was higher in the PIBO group (p = 0.001) and caspase-1 was higher in the PIBO and influenza group than the healthy control group (p = 0.002). IFN-γ levels did not differ between the 3 groups. IL-18BP/IL-18 was higher in the influenza group than the PIBO group and the healthy control group (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Caspase-1 level was increased in patients with PIBO which suggests that inflammasome activation may have a role in fibrosis; however, IL-18 level was found to be low. Mediators other than IL-18 may be involved in the inflammatory pathway in PIBO. Further immunological studies investigating inflammasome pathway are needed for PIBO with chronic inflammation. WHAT IS KNOWN • Post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare, severe chronic lung disease during childhood which is associated with inflammation and fibrosis which lead to partial or complete luminal obstruction especially in small airways. • The exact immunological mechanisms of PIBO in childhood are not fully known. WHAT IS NEW • Inflammasome activation persists even years after acute infection and may play a role in fibrosis in PIBO. • Mediators other than IL-18 may be involved in these inflammatory pathway.
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8
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Giral H, Franke V, Moobed M, Müller MF, Lübking L, James DM, Hartung J, Kuschnerus K, Meteva D, Seppelt C, Jakob P, Klingenberg R, Kränkel N, Leistner D, Zeller T, Blankenberg S, Zimmermann F, Haghikia A, Lüscher TF, Akalin A, Landmesser U, Kratzer A. Rapid Inflammasome Activation Is Attenuated in Post-Myocardial Infarction Monocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:857455. [PMID: 35558073 PMCID: PMC9090500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.857455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are crucial gatekeepers of the immune response, but their maladaptive activation associates with inflammatory pathologies. Besides canonical activation, monocytes can trigger non-transcriptional or rapid inflammasome activation that has not been well defined in the context of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Rapid transcription-independent inflammasome activation induced by simultaneous TLR priming and triggering stimulus was measured by caspase-1 (CASP1) activity and interleukin release. Both classical and intermediate monocytes from healthy donors exhibited robust CASP1 activation, but only classical monocytes produced high mature interleukin-18 (IL18) release. We also recruited a limited number of coronary artery disease (CAD, n=31) and AMI (n=29) patients to evaluate their inflammasome function and expression profiles. Surprisingly, monocyte subpopulations isolated from blood collected during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from AMI patients presented diminished CASP1 activity and abrogated IL18 release despite increased NLRP3 gene expression. This unexpected attenuated rapid inflammasome activation was accompanied by a significant increase of TNFAIP3 and IRAKM expression. Moreover, TNFAIP3 protein levels of circulating monocytes showed positive correlation with high sensitive troponin T (hsTnT), implying an association between TNFAIP3 upregulation and the severity of tissue injury. We suggest this monocyte attenuation to be a protective phenotype aftermath following a very early inflammatory wave in the ischemic area. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or other signals trigger a transitory negative feedback loop within newly recruited circulating monocytes as a mechanism to reduce post-injury tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Giral
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vedran Franke
- Max Delbrück Center, The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Minoo Moobed
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja F Müller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Lübking
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Divya Maria James
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Hartung
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kira Kuschnerus
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denitsa Meteva
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudio Seppelt
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Jakob
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Klingenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolle Kränkel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Leistner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Zimmermann
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Max Delbrück Center, The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Kratzer
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Buckley LF, Potere N, Di Nisio M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 236:108053. [PMID: 34906598 PMCID: PMC9187780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellular sensing protein complex that plays a major role in innate immunity. Following tissue injury, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in cytokine production, primarily interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18, and, eventually, inflammatory cell death - pyroptosis. While a balanced inflammatory response favors damage resolution and tissue healing, excessive NLRP3 activation causes detrimental effects. A key involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reported across a wide range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several pharmacological agents selectively targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome system have been developed and tested in animals and early phase human studies with overall promising results. While the NLRP3 inhibitors are in clinical development, multiple randomized trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of IL-1 blockade in atherothrombosis, heart failure and recurrent pericarditis. Furthermore, the non-selective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine has been recently shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular events in patients with chronic coronary disease. In this review, we will outline the mechanisms driving NLRP3 assembly and activation, and discuss the pathogenetic role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CVDs, providing an overview of the current and future therapeutic approaches targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eleonora Mezzaroma
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leo F Buckley
- Department of Pharmacy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Potere
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcome Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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10
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Liu D, Luo H, Qiao C. SHP-1/STAT3 Interaction Is Related to Luteolin-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Protection. Inflammation 2021; 45:88-99. [PMID: 34460026 PMCID: PMC8403691 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and management of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a key step in coronary heart disease surgery. Luteolin is a falconoid compound that has an antioxidant effect, but its mechanism in I/R injury in vivo and in vitro is still under explored. This study attempted to reveal the role of luteolin (Lut) in I/R through mediation of the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. To establish I/R rat models, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was ligated for 30 min and re-perfused for 1 h in Lut-pretreated or nude rats. Comparisons between infarct area, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial cell death and inflammatory reaction were performed in I/R-induced rats. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell models were established by stimulating H9c2 cells with 95% nitrogen and 5% carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, H/R-related cell death and inflammatory reactions were investigated following Lut treatment. The target protein of Lut was identified using western blotting. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured in serum or Lut-pretreated cell culture medium. The results revealed that compared with the I/R group, Lut treatment could significantly decrease myocardial infarction (MI) area, increase left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and decrease cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Decreased apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were also observed in H/R cells after Lut treatment. Lut treatment downregulated SHP-1 expression and subsequently upregulated STAT3 phosphorylation in both I/R rat heart tissue and H9c2 cells. The findings of the current study suggest that Lut can protect the heart and reduce MI area, cell apoptosis rate, and inflammatory level in I/R models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Liu
- Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chenhui Qiao
- Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Cardiovascular Surgery II, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
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11
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Mezzaroma E, Abbate A, Toldo S. NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:976. [PMID: 33673188 PMCID: PMC7917621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all types of cardiovascular diseases are associated with pathological activation of the innate immune system. The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a protein complex that functions as a platform for rapid induction of the inflammatory response to infection or sterile injury. NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor that is sensitive to danger signals, such as ischemia and extracellular or intracellular alarmins during tissue injury. The NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns and initiates or amplifies inflammatory response through the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and/or IL-18. NLRP3 activation regulates cell survival through the activity of caspase-1 and gasdermin-D. The development of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors has opened the possibility to targeting the deleterious effects of NLRP3. Here, we examine the scientific evidence supporting a role for NLRP3 and the effects of inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Mezzaroma
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.M.); (A.A.)
- Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (E.M.); (A.A.)
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12
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Zhong B, Guo S, Yang Z, Han L, Du J, Chen J, Dun X, Wang G. Roflumilast Reduced the IL-18-Induced Inflammatory Response in Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes (FLS). ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2149-2155. [PMID: 33521454 PMCID: PMC7841938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the IL-18-induced inflammatory response and associated damage in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Roflumilast, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4), has been licensed for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unknown whether roflumilast possesses a protective effect against the IL-18-induced inflammatory response in FLS. We found that roflumilast attenuated IL-18-induced oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) in MH7A fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Additionally, roflumilast prevented IL-18-induced expressions and secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Importantly, we found that roflumilast inhibited IL-18-induced expressions of chemokines such as CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10. Further, roflumilast inhibited the expression of extracellular matrix degradative enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and MMP-13. Mechanistically, we found that roflumilast suppressed the activation of the transcriptional factor AP-1 and NF-κB. Our results suggest that roflumilast might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Shuanghong Guo
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongai Yang
- Central
Hospital of Yichang, Yichang 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Li Han
- Department
of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Junsheng Du
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Xianli Dun
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyong Wang
- Department
of Orthopaedics, YiLing Hospital, No. 32, Donghu Avenue, Yichang 443100, Hubei, China
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13
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Frye CC, Bery AI, Kreisel D, Kulkarni HS. Sterile inflammation in thoracic transplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:581-601. [PMID: 32803398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The life-saving benefits of organ transplantation can be thwarted by allograft dysfunction due to both infectious and sterile inflammation post-surgery. Sterile inflammation can occur after necrotic cell death due to the release of endogenous ligands [such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and alarmins], which perpetuate inflammation and ongoing cellular injury via various signaling cascades. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to sterile inflammation after organ transplantation and is associated with detrimental short- and long-term outcomes. While the vicious cycle of sterile inflammation and cellular injury is remarkably consistent amongst different organs and even species, we have begun understanding its mechanistic basis only over the last few decades. This understanding has resulted in the developments of novel, yet non-specific therapies for mitigating IRI-induced graft damage, albeit with moderate results. Thus, further understanding of the mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation after transplantation is critical for identifying personalized therapies to prevent or interrupt this vicious cycle and mitigating allograft dysfunction. In this review, we identify common and distinct pathways of post-transplant sterile inflammation across both heart and lung transplantation that can potentially be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corbin Frye
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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14
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Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with the induction of a sterile inflammatory response that leads to further injury. The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a macromolecular structure responsible for the inflammatory response to injury or infection. NLRP3 can sense intracellular danger signals, such as ischemia and extracellular or intracellular alarmins during tissue injury. The NLRP3 inflammasome is primed and triggered by locally released damage-associated molecular patterns and amplifies the inflammatory response and cell death through caspase-1 activation. Here, we examine the scientific evidence supporting a role for NLRP3 in AMI and the available strategies to inhibit the effects of the inflammasome. Our focus is on the beneficial effects seen in experimental models of AMI in preclinical animal models and the initial results of clinical trials.
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15
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Mühl H, Bachmann M. IL-18/IL-18BP and IL-22/IL-22BP: Two interrelated couples with therapeutic potential. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109388. [PMID: 31401146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-22 are key components of cytokine networks that play a decisive role in (pathological) inflammation, host defense, and tissue regeneration. Tight regulation of cytokine-driven signaling, inflammation, and immunoactivation is supposed to enable nullification of a given deleterious trigger without mediating overwhelming collateral tissue damage or even activating a cancerous face of regeneration. In fact, feedback regulation by specific cytokine opponents is regarded as a major means by which the immune system is kept in balance. Herein, we shine a light on the interplay between IL-18 and IL-22 and their opponents IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and IL-22BP in order to provide integrated information on their biology, pathophysiological significance, and prospect as targets and/or instruments of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Malte Bachmann
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern- Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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16
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Pfeiler S, Winkels H, Kelm M, Gerdes N. IL-1 family cytokines in cardiovascular disease. Cytokine 2019; 122:154215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Bartekova M, Radosinska J, Jelemensky M, Dhalla NS. Role of cytokines and inflammation in heart function during health and disease. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:733-758. [PMID: 29862462 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of their actions on NF-κB, an inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, various cytokines have been documented to play important regulatory roles in determining cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β, and different interleukins such as IL-1 IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 are involved in the development of various inflammatory cardiac pathologies, namely ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. In ischemia-related pathologies, most of the cytokines are released into the circulation and serve as biological markers of inflammation. Furthermore, there is an evidence of their direct role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury, suggesting cytokines as potential targets for the development of some anti-ischemic therapies. On the other hand, certain cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are involved in the post-ischemic tissue repair and thus are considered to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function. Conflicting reports regarding the role of some cytokines in inducing cardiac dysfunction in heart failure and different types of cardiomyopathies seem to be due to differences in the nature, duration, and degree of heart disease as well as the concentrations of some cytokines in the circulation. In spite of extensive research work in this field of investigation, no satisfactory anti-cytokine therapy for improving cardiac function in any type of heart disease is available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Marek Jelemensky
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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18
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Zhang LM, Zhang Y, Fei C, Zhang J, Wang L, Yi ZW, Gao G. Neutralization of IL-18 by IL-18 binding protein ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:660-666. [PMID: 30527805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal parenchymal lung disease with limited effective therapies. Interleukin (IL)-18 belongs to a rather large IL-1 gene family and is a proinflammatory cytokine, which acts in both acquired and innate immunity. We have previously reported that IL-18 play an important role in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Persistent inflammation often drives fibrotic progression in the bleomycin (BLM) injury model. However, the role of IL-18 in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is still unknown. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is able to neutralize IL-18 biological activity and has a protective effect against renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IL-18BP on BLM-induced PF. In the present study, we found that IL-18 was upregulated in lungs of BLM-injured mice. Neutralization of IL-18 by IL-18BP improved the survival rate and ameliorated BLM-induced PF in mice, which was associated with attenuated pathological changes, reduced collagen deposition, and decreased content of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). We further demonstrated that IL-18BP treatment suppressed the BLM-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and increased E-cadherin (E-cad) in vivo. In addition, we provided in vitro evidence demonstrating that IL-18 promoted EMT through upregulation of Snail-1 in A549 cells. In conclusion, our findings raise the possibility that the increase of IL-18 is involved in the development of BLM-induced PF through modulating EMT in a Snail-1-dependent manner. IL-18BP may be a worthwhile candidate option for PF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Chang Fei
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zong-Wei Yi
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41001, China.
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19
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Zhang LM, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Fei C, Yi ZW, Dong L. Interleukin-18 binding protein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via suppression NF-κB and activation Nrf2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:837-842. [PMID: 30301527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 belongs to a rather large IL-1 gene family and is a proinflammatory cytokine. IL-18 plays important roles in lung injury. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a natural antagonist of IL-18, binds IL-18 with high affinity. IL-18BP is able to neutralize IL-18 biological activity and has a protective effect against renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of IL-18BP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and to illuminate the underlying mechanisms. Results indicated that pretreatment with IL-18BP significantly attenuated LPS-induced pulmonary pathological injury. Meanwhile, IL-18BP pretreatment markedly inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cell and release of inflammatory factor in ALI mice in vivo and in primary macrophages after LPS insult in vitro. IL-18BP treatment dramatically reduced oxidative stress through increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents, and decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced ALI mice and primary macrophages. Additionally, IL-18BP was also observed to markedly decreased the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and upregulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Taken together, IL-18BP possessed protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, which might be associated with its regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 activities. The results rendered IL-18BP worthy of further development into a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Chang Fei
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Zong-Wei Yi
- Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China.
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20
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Vaspin protects rats against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:132-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Toldo S, Mauro AG, Cutter Z, Abbate A. Inflammasome, pyroptosis, and cytokines in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1553-H1568. [PMID: 30168729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00158.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury induces a sterile inflammatory response, leading to further injury that contributes to the final infarct size. Locally released danger-associated molecular patterns lead to priming and triggering of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and amplification of the inflammatory response and cell death by activation of caspase-1. We review strategies inhibiting priming, triggering, or caspase-1 activity or blockade of the inflammasome-related cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, focusing on the beneficial effects in experimental models of acute myocardial infarction in animals and the initial results of clinical translational research trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Adolfo G Mauro
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zachary Cutter
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center , Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research , Richmond, Virginia
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22
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Bortolotti P, Faure E, Kipnis E. Inflammasomes in Tissue Damages and Immune Disorders After Trauma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1900. [PMID: 30166988 PMCID: PMC6105702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Hemorrhagic shock and direct injury to vital organs are responsible for early mortality whereas most delayed deaths are secondary to complex pathophysiological processes. These processes result from imbalanced systemic reactions to the multiple aggressions associated with trauma. Trauma results in the uncontrolled local and systemic release of endogenous mediators acting as danger signals [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)]. Their recognition by the innate immune system triggers a pro-inflammatory immune response paradoxically associated with concomitant immunosuppression. These responses, ranging in intensity from inappropriate to overwhelming, promote the propagation of injuries to remote organs, leading to multiple organ failure and death. Some of the numerous DAMPs released after trauma trigger the assembly of intracellular multiprotein complexes named inflammasomes. Once activated by a ligand, inflammasomes lead to the activation of a caspase. Activated caspases allow the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and trigger a specific pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating data suggest that inflammasomes, mainly NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2, are involved in the generation of tissue damage and immune dysfunction after trauma. Following trauma-induced DAMP(s) recognition, inflammasomes participate in multiple ways in the development of exaggerated systemic and organ-specific inflammatory response, contributing to organ damage. Inflammasomes are involved in the innate responses to traumatic brain injury and contribute to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Inflammasomes may also play a role in post-trauma immunosuppression mediated by dysregulated monocyte functions. Characterizing the involvement of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of post-trauma syndrome is a key issue as they may be potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles of inflammasomes in trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Bortolotti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Kipnis
- Surgical Critical Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Host-Pathogen Translational Research, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille 2 Droit et Santé, Lille, France
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23
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Feng W, Jin L, Xie Q, Huang L, Jiang Z, Ji Y, Li C, Yang L, Wang D. Eugenol protects the transplanted heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3464-3470. [PMID: 30233696 PMCID: PMC6143862 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of eugenol on the transplanted heart and explore its mechanisms of action. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group (n=10), a eugenol group (n=10 pairs, donors and recipients) and a control group (n=10 pairs, donors and recipients). The recipients in the eugenol group received an intraperitoneal injection of eugenol (20 mg/kg/day). The sham group and the control group received equal volumes of physiological saline by intraperitoneal injection. After 15 days the recipients in the control and eugenol groups underwent abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation, while the sham group received only a coeliotomy. The orthotopic hearts in the sham group and the heterotopic hearts in the eugenol and control groups, as well as the peripheral blood samples from all three groups were taken 3 h post operation for biochemical, histopathological, molecular and apoptosis analyses. Compared with the control group, the eugenol treatment significantly reduced the myocardial malondialdehyde content, serum cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, tumor necresis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels (P<0.05) and significantly alleviated myocardial injury. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression of cleaved Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, BAX and active caspase-3 in the eugenol group were significantly decreased, while B-cell lymphoma 2 expression was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). The myocardial apoptosis rate of the eugenol group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion eugenol treatment significantly reduced myocardial injury and demonstrated protective effects for the transplanted heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Longyu Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Qianyi Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Linfei Yang
- Center for Medical Experiments, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dianjun Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Inhibition of IL-18 reduces renal fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:879-889. [PMID: 30119258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a high risk factor in the progression towards chronic kidney disease, which is featured by renal interstitial fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-18 is produced by T cells and macrophages and has been involved in the pathophysiology of IRI. However, the role of IL-18 in IRI-induced renal fibrosis is poorly understood. In the present study, we showed that interleukin (IL)-18 was significantly up-regulated after IRI stress. Mice treated with IL-18 Bp, a natural inhibitor of IL-18, presented less severe fibrotic response in the kidneys following IRI compared with vehicle-treated mice. Inhibition of IL-18 decreased myofibroblasts formation in the kidneys in response to IRI, which was associated with reduction of fibronectin and collagenⅠproteins. Moreover, inhibition of IL-18 impaired infiltration of CD3+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages in the kidneys of mice after IRI. Treatment with IL-18 Bp reduces the levels of profibrotic molecules in the kidneys of mice following IRI. Finally, administration of IL-18 Bp impedes the transition of M2 macrophages to myofibroblasts and suppressed the accumulation of bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages. Adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages abolished the anti-fibrotic effect of IL-18 Bp. In summary, our results suggest that IL-18 plays an important role in the progression of IRI-induced renal fibrosis via modulating inflammation cells infiltration, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the transition of bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages to myofibroblasts.
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25
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Chien Y, Chien CS, Chiang HC, Huang WL, Chou SJ, Chang WC, Chang YL, Leu HB, Chen KH, Wang KL, Lai YH, Liu YY, Lu KH, Li HY, Sung YJ, Jong YJ, Chen YJ, Chen CH, Yu WC. Interleukin-18 deteriorates Fabry cardiomyopathy and contributes to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in Fabry patients with GLA IVS4+919 G>A mutation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:87161-87179. [PMID: 27888626 PMCID: PMC5349979 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE A high incidence of GLA IVS4+919 G>A mutation in patients with Fabry disease of the later-onset cardiac phenotype, has been reported in Taiwan. However, suitable biomarkers or potential therapeutic surrogates for Fabry cardiomyopathy (FC) in such patients under enzyme replacement treatment (ERT) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE Using FC patients carrying IVS4+919 G>A mutation, we constructed an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease model to investigate the pathogenetic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in ERT-treated FC. RESULTS AND METHODS The iPSC-differentiated cardiomyocytes derived from FC-patients (FC-iPSC-CMs) carried IVS4+919 G>A mutation recapitulating FC characteristics, including low α-galactosidase A enzyme activity, cellular hypertrophy, and massive globotriaosylceramide accumulation. Microarray analysis revealed that interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various myocardial diseases, was the most highly upregulated marker in FC-iPSC-CMs. Meanwhile, IL-18 levels were found to be significantly elevated in the culture media of FC-iPSC-CMs and patients' sera. Notably, the serum IL-18 levels were highly paralleled with the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in Fabry patients receiving ERT. Finally, using FC-iPSC-CMs as in vitro FC model, neutralization of IL-18 with specific antibodies combined with ERT synergistically reduced the secretion of IL-18 and the progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in FC-iPSC-CMs. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that cardiac IL-18 and circulating IL-18 are involved in the pathogenesis of FC and LVH. IL-18 may be a novel marker for evaluating ERT efficacy, and targeting IL-18 might be a potential adjunctive therapy combined with ERT for the treatment of advanced cardiomyopathy in FC patients with IVS4+919 G>A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Shiu Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Chih Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ling Wang
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yung-Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hsi Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Cheng-Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Sung
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Jang Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Abstract
The heart is extremely sensitive to ischaemic injury. During an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) event, the injury is initially caused by reduced blood supply to the tissues, which is then further exacerbated by an intense and highly specific inflammatory response that occurs during reperfusion. Numerous studies have highlighted the central role of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in this process. The inflammasome, an integral part of the innate immune system, is a macromolecular protein complex that finely regulates the activation of caspase 1 and the production and secretion of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. In this Review, we summarize evidence supporting the therapeutic value of NLRP3 inflammasome-targeted strategies in experimental models, and the data supporting the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AMI and its consequences on adverse cardiac remodelling, cytokine-mediated systolic dysfunction, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- Pauley Heart Center, Sanger Hall, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, Molecular Medicine Research Building, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.,Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sanger Hall, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Pauley Heart Center, Sanger Hall, 1201 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.,VCU Johnson Center for Critical Care and Pulmonary Research, Molecular Medicine Research Building, 1220 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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27
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Cytokines of the IL-1 family: recognized targets in chronic inflammation underrated in organ transplantations. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2241-2256. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20170098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) family is a group of cytokines with multiple local and systemic effects, which regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Generally, most IL-1 family cytokines express prevailing pro-inflammatory activities (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36 α, β, γ), whereas others are anti-inflammatory (IL-1Ra (IL-1 receptor antagonist), IL-36Ra, IL-38, IL-37). In addition to their immunomodulatory roles, some of them are also involved in the physiological modulation of homeostatic processes and directly affect mRNA transcription. IL-1 family cytokines bind to specific receptors composed of a ligand-binding chain and an accessory chain. The pro-inflammatory effects of IL-1 family cytokines are regulated on the level of transcription, enzymatic processing of precursors, release of soluble antagonists, and expression of decoy receptors. Members of the IL-1 family regulate the recruitment and activation of effector cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity, but they are also involved in the pathogenesis of chronic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and various autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. There are only limited data regarding the role of IL-1 cytokines in transplantation. In recent years, targeted therapeutics affecting IL-1 have been used in multiple clinical studies. In addition to the recombinant IL-1Ra, anakinra (highly effective in autoinflammatory diseases and tested for other chronic diseases), the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab, gevokizumab, and rilonacept (a long-acting IL-1 receptor fusion protein) provide further options to block IL-1 activity. Furthermore, new inhibitors of IL-18 (GSK 1070806, ABT-325, rIL-18BP (IL-18 binding protein)) and IL-33 (CNTO-7160) are presently under clinical studies and other molecules are being developed to target IL-1 family cytokines.
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28
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The protective effect of Luteolin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:1042-1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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Targeting the Innate Immune Response to Improve Cardiac Graft Recovery after Heart Transplantation: Implications for the Donation after Cardiac Death. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060958. [PMID: 27322252 PMCID: PMC4926491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation (HTx) is the ultimate treatment for end-stage heart failure. The number of patients on waiting lists for heart transplants, however, is much higher than the number of available organs. The shortage of donor hearts is a serious concern since the population affected by heart failure is constantly increasing. Furthermore, the long-term success of HTx poses some challenges despite the improvement in the management of the short-term complications and in the methods to limit graft rejection. Myocardial injury occurs during transplantation. Injury initiated in the donor as result of brain or cardiac death is exacerbated by organ procurement and storage, and is ultimately amplified by reperfusion injury at the time of transplantation. The innate immune system is a mechanism of first-line defense against pathogens and cell injury. Innate immunity is activated during myocardial injury and produces deleterious effects on the heart structure and function. Here, we briefly discuss the role of the innate immunity in the initiation of myocardial injury, with particular focus on the Toll-like receptors and inflammasome, and how to potentially expand the donor population by targeting the innate immune response.
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30
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ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2183026. [PMID: 27127546 PMCID: PMC4835650 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2183026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to the ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, and inflammatory responses to cell death. In normal conditions, ROS mediate important beneficial responses. When their production is prolonged or elevated, harmful events are observed with peculiar cellular changes. In particular, during I/R, ROS stimulate tissue inflammation and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 are several and not completely elucidated. It was recently shown that NLRP3 might sense directly the presence of ROS produced by normal or malfunctioning mitochondria or indirectly by other activators of NLRP3. Aim of the present review is to describe the current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 in some organs (brain, heart, kidney, and testis) after I/R injury, with particular regard to the role played by ROS in its activation. Furthermore, as no specific therapy for the prevention or treatment of the high mortality and morbidity associated with I/R is available, the state of the art of the development of novel therapeutic approaches is illustrated.
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31
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Wang Y, Kong H, Zeng X, Liu W, Wang Z, Yan X, Wang H, Xie W. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome enhances the proliferation and migration of A549 lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2053-64. [PMID: 26782741 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death, and it is widely accepted that chronic inflammation is an important risk for the development of lung cancer. Now, it is recognized that the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD) like receptors (NLRs)-containing inflammasomes are involved in cancer-related inflammation. This study was designed to investigate the effects of NLR family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay, scratch assay, and Transwell migration assay, we showed that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by LPS+ATP enhanced the proliferation and migration of A549 cells. Western blot analysis showed that activation of phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, CREB and the expression of Snail increased, while the expression of E-cadherin decreased after the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, these effects were inhibited by the following treatments: i) downregulating the expression of NLRP3 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference, ii) inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome with a caspase-1 inhibitor, iii) blocking the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 signal transduction with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Collectively, these results indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome plays a vital role in regulating the proliferation and migration of A549 cells and it might be a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zailiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopei Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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