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Xie Y, Huang K, Li H, Kong W, Ye J. High serum klotho levels are inversely associated with the risk of low muscle mass in middle-aged adults: results from a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1390517. [PMID: 38854159 PMCID: PMC11157077 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1390517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Muscle mass gradually declines with advancing age, and as an anti-aging protein, klotho may be associated with muscle mass. This study aims to explore the relationship between klotho levels and muscle mass in the middle-aged population. Methods Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2011 to 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis on a cohort of individuals aged 40-59. Weighted multivariable analysis was employed to assess the correlation between klotho and low muscle mass, with stratified and Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) analyses. Results The cross-sectional investigation revealed a significant negative correlation between klotho levels and the risk of low muscle mass (Model 3: OR = 0.807, 95% CI: 0.712-0.915). A notable interaction between klotho and sex was observed, with a significant interaction effect (P for interaction = 0.01). The risk association was notably higher in females. The risk association was notably higher in females. Additionally, RCS analysis unveiled a significant linear relationship between klotho and low muscle mass (P for nonlinear = 0.9495, P for overall<0.0001). Conclusion Our observational analysis revealed a noteworthy inverse relationship between klotho and low muscle mass, particularly prominent among female participants. This discovery provides crucial insights for the development of more effective intervention strategies and offers a new direction for enhancing muscle quality in the middle-aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Kong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayuan Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
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Heitman K, Alexander MS, Faul C. Skeletal Muscle Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease-From Histologic Changes to Molecular Mechanisms and to Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5117. [PMID: 38791164 PMCID: PMC11121428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant reductions in lean body mass and in the mass of various tissues, including skeletal muscle, which causes fatigue and contributes to high mortality rates. In CKD, the cellular protein turnover is imbalanced, with protein degradation outweighing protein synthesis, leading to a loss of protein and cell mass, which impairs tissue function. As CKD itself, skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia, can have various origins and causes, and both CKD and sarcopenia share common risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and age. While these pathologies together with reduced physical performance and malnutrition contribute to muscle loss, they cannot explain all features of CKD-associated sarcopenia. Metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the accumulation of uremic toxins have been identified as additional factors that occur in CKD and that can contribute to sarcopenia. Here, we discuss the elevation of systemic phosphate levels, also called hyperphosphatemia, and the imbalance in the endocrine regulators of phosphate metabolism as another CKD-associated pathology that can directly and indirectly harm skeletal muscle tissue. To identify causes, affected cell types, and the mechanisms of sarcopenia and thereby novel targets for therapeutic interventions, it is important to first characterize the precise pathologic changes on molecular, cellular, and histologic levels, and to do so in CKD patients as well as in animal models of CKD, which we describe here in detail. We also discuss the currently known pathomechanisms and therapeutic approaches of CKD-associated sarcopenia, as well as the effects of hyperphosphatemia and the novel drug targets it could provide to protect skeletal muscle in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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3
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Ochi E, Barrington A, Wehling‐Henricks M, Avila M, Kuro‐o M, Tidball JG. Klotho regulates the myogenic response of muscle to mechanical loading and exercise. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1531-1547. [PMID: 37864311 PMCID: PMC10841225 DOI: 10.1113/ep091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the hormone Klotho affect the myogenic response of muscle cells to mechanical loading or exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Klotho prevents direct, mechanical activation of genes that regulate muscle differentiation, including genes that encode the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin and proteins in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Similarly, elevated levels of klotho expression in vivo prevent the exercise-induced increase in myogenin-expressing cells and reduce exercise-induced activation of the Wnt pathway. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism through which the responses of muscle to the mechanical environment are regulated. ABSTRACT Muscle growth is influenced by changes in the mechanical environment that affect the expression of genes that regulate myogenesis. We tested whether the hormone Klotho could influence the response of muscle to mechanical loading. Applying mechanical loads to myoblasts in vitro increased RNA encoding transcription factors that are expressed in activated myoblasts (Myod) and in myogenic cells that have initiated terminal differentiation (Myog). However, application of Klotho to myoblasts prevented the loading-induced activation of Myog without affecting loading-induced activation of Myod. This indicates that elevated Klotho inhibits mechanically-induced differentiation of myogenic cells. Elevated Klotho also reduced the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the canonical Wnt pathway or their target genes (Wnt9a, Wnt10a, Ccnd1). Because the canonical Wnt pathway promotes differentiation of myogenic cells, these findings indicate that Klotho inhibits the differentiation of myogenic cells experiencing mechanical loading. We then tested whether these effects of Klotho occurred in muscles of mice experiencing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) by comparing wild-type mice and klotho transgenic mice. The expression of a klotho transgene combined with HIIT synergized to tremendously elevate numbers of Pax7+ satellite cells and activated MyoD+ cells. However, transgene expression prevented the increase in myogenin+ cells caused by HIIT in wild-type mice. Furthermore, transgene expression diminished the HIIT-induced activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in Pax7+ satellite cells. Collectively, these findings show that Klotho inhibits loading- or exercise-induced activation of muscle differentiation and indicate a new mechanism through which the responses of muscle to the mechanical environment are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied ChemistryHosei UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alice Barrington
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Marcus Avila
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Makoto Kuro‐o
- Division of Anti‐Aging MedicineCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - James G. Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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4
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Turner MC. Klotho, the Greek goddess controlling the fate of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1451-1452. [PMID: 37883067 PMCID: PMC10988520 DOI: 10.1113/ep091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Turner
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
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Arroyo E, Leber CA, Burney HN, Narayanan G, Moorthi R, Avin KG, Warden SJ, Moe SM, Lim K. Relationship between klotho and physical function in healthy aging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21158. [PMID: 38036596 PMCID: PMC10689840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported a strong association between circulating Klotho and physical function; however, the cohorts were comprised of older adults with multiple comorbidities. Herein, we examined the relationship between Klotho and physical function in a community-based cohort of healthy adults. In this cross-sectional study, serum Klotho was measured in 80 adults who visited the Musculoskeletal Function, Imaging, and Tissue Resource Core of the Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health. Participants (n = 20, 10 [50%] men per group) were chosen into four age groups: 20-34, 35-49, 50-64, and ≥ 65 years, and were further grouped based on performance (low vs. high) on grip strength and chair stand tests. Klotho levels were lower in the ≥ 65 years group (703.0 [189.3] pg/mL; p = 0.022) and the 50-64 years group (722.6 [190.5] pg/mL; p = 0.045) compared to 20-34 years (916.1 [284.8] pg/mL). No differences were observed in Klotho between the low and high performers. The ≥ 65 years group walked a shorter distance during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) compared to 20-34 years (p = 0.005). Klotho was correlated with age (p < 0.001), body fat (p = 0.037), and 6MWT distance (p = 0.022). Klotho levels decline as early as the fifth decade of life, potentially before the onset of age-related impairment in exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cecilia A Leber
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Heather N Burney
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gayatri Narayanan
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ranjani Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Keith G Avin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Wang K, Smith SH, Iijima H, Hettinger ZR, Mallepally A, Shroff SG, Ambrosio F. Bioengineered 3D Skeletal Muscle Model Reveals Complement 4b as a Cell-Autonomous Mechanism of Impaired Regeneration with Aging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207443. [PMID: 36650030 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of cell-autonomous skeletal muscle changes after injury can lead to novel interventions to improve functional recovery in an aged population. However, major knowledge gaps persist owing to limitations of traditional biological aging models. 2D cell culture represents an artificial environment, while aging mammalian models are contaminated by influences from non-muscle cells and other organs. Here, a 3D muscle aging system is created to overcome the limitations of these traditional platforms. It is shown that old muscle constructs (OMC) manifest a sarcopenic phenotype, as evidenced by hypotrophic myotubes, reduced contractile function, and decreased regenerative capacity compared to young muscle constructs. OMC also phenocopy the regenerative responses of aged muscle to two interventions, pharmacological and biological. Interrogation of muscle cell-specific mechanisms that contribute to impaired regeneration over time further reveals that an aging-induced increase of complement component 4b (C4b) delays muscle progenitor cell amplification and impairs functional recovery. However, administration of complement factor I, a C4b inactivator, improves muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo, indicating that C4b inhibition may be a novel approach to enhance aged muscle repair. Collectively, the model herein exhibits capabilities to study cell-autonomous changes in skeletal muscle during aging, regeneration, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen H Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hirotaka Iijima
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zachary R Hettinger
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adarsh Mallepally
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sanjeev G Shroff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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7
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Jama A, Alshudukhi AA, Burke S, Dong L, Kamau JK, Voss AA, Ren H. Lipin1 plays complementary roles in myofibre stability and regeneration in dystrophic muscles. J Physiol 2023; 601:961-978. [PMID: 36715084 PMCID: PMC9992338 DOI: 10.1113/jp284085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disorder caused by dystrophin mutations, leading to the loss of sarcolemmal integrity, and resulting in progressive myofibre necrosis and impaired muscle function. Our previous studies suggest that lipin1 is important for skeletal muscle regeneration and myofibre integrity. Additionally, we discovered that mRNA expression levels of lipin1 were significantly reduced in skeletal muscle of DMD patients and the mdx mouse model. To understand the role of lipin1 in dystrophic muscle, we generated dystrophin/lipin1 double knockout (DKO) mice, and compared the limb muscle pathology and function of wild-type B10, muscle-specific lipin1 deficient (lipin1Myf5cKO ), mdx and DKO mice. We found that further knockout of lipin1 in dystrophic muscle exhibited a more severe phenotype characterized by increased necroptosis, fibrosis and exacerbated membrane damage in DKO compared to mdx mice. In barium chloride-induced muscle injury, both lipin1Myf5cKO and DKO showed prolonged regeneration at day 14 post-injection, suggesting that lipin1 is critical for muscle regeneration. In situ contractile function assays showed that lipin1 deficiency in dystrophic muscle led to reduced specific force production. Using a cell culture system, we found that lipin1 deficiency led to elevated expression levels of necroptotic markers and medium creatine kinase, which could be a result of sarcolemmal damage. Most importantly, restoration of lipin1 inhibited the elevation of necroptotic markers in differentiated primary lipin1-deficient myoblasts. Overall, our data suggests that lipin1 plays complementary roles in myofibre stability and muscle function in dystrophic muscles, and overexpression of lipin1 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for dystrophic muscles. KEY POINTS: We identified that lipin1 mRNA expression levels are significantly reduced in skeletal muscles of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and mdx mice. We found that further depletion of lipin1 in skeletal muscles of mdx mice induces more severe dystrophic phenotypes, including enhanced myofibre sarcolemma damage, muscle necroptosis, inflammation, fibrosis and reduced specific force production. Lipin1 deficiency leads to elevated expression levels of necroptotic markers, whereas restoration of lipin1 inhibits their expression. Our results suggest that lipin1 is functionally complementary to dystrophin in muscle membrane integrity and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Jama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Abdullah A. Alshudukhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Steve Burke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Lixin Dong
- Mumetel LLC, University Technology Park at IIT, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Karanja Kamau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Alvin Voss
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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8
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Millozzi F, Papait A, Bouché M, Parolini O, Palacios D. Nano-Immunomodulation: A New Strategy for Skeletal Muscle Diseases and Aging? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021175. [PMID: 36674691 PMCID: PMC9862642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle has a very remarkable ability to regenerate upon injury under physiological conditions; however, this regenerative capacity is strongly diminished in physio-pathological conditions, such as those present in diseased or aged muscles. Many muscular dystrophies (MDs) are characterized by aberrant inflammation due to the deregulation of both the lymphoid and myeloid cell populations and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pathological inflammation is also observed in old muscles due to a systemic change in the immune system, known as "inflammaging". Immunomodulation represents, therefore, a promising therapeutic opportunity for different skeletal muscle conditions. However, the use of immunomodulatory drugs in the clinics presents several caveats, including their low stability in vivo, the need for high doses to obtain therapeutically relevant effects, and the presence of strong side effects. Within this context, the emerging field of nanomedicine provides the powerful tools needed to control the immune response. Nano-scale materials are currently being explored as biocarriers to release immunomodulatory agents in the damaged tissues, allowing therapeutic doses with limited off-target effects. In addition, the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of some nanomaterials offer further opportunities for intervention that still need to be systematically explored. Here we exhaustively review the state-of-the-art regarding the use of nano-sized materials to modulate the aberrant immune response that characterizes some physio-pathological muscle conditions, such as MDs or sarcopenia (the age-dependent loss of muscle mass). Based on our learnings from cancer and immune tolerance induction, we also discuss further opportunities, challenges, and limitations of the emerging field of nano-immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Millozzi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Papait
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Corrêa HDL, Raab ATO, Araújo TM, Deus LA, Reis AL, Honorato FS, Rodrigues-Silva PL, Neves RVP, Brunetta HS, Mori MADS, Franco OL, Rosa TDS. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating Klotho as an emerging exerkine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17587. [PMID: 36266389 PMCID: PMC9585050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is an anti-aging protein with several therapeutic roles in the pathophysiology of different organs, such as the skeletal muscle and kidneys. Available evidence suggests that exercise increases Klotho levels, regardless of the condition or intervention, shedding some light on this anti-aging protein as an emergent and promising exerkine. Development of a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to verify the role of different exercise training protocols on the levels of circulating soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) protein. A systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CT.gov, and PEDro. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that investigated effects of exercise training on S-Klotho levels. We included 12 reports in the analysis, comprising 621 participants with age ranging from 30 to 65 years old. Klotho concentration increased significantly after chronic exercise training (minimum of 12 weeks) (Hedge' g [95%CI] 1.3 [0.69-1.90]; P < 0.0001). Moreover, exercise training increases S-Klotho values regardless of the health condition of the individual or the exercise intervention, with the exception of combined aerobic + resistance training. Furthermore, protocol duration and volume seem to influence S-Klotho concentration, since the effect of the meta-analysis changes when subgrouping these variables. Altogether, circulating S-Klotho protein is altered after chronic exercise training and it might be considered an exerkine. However, this effect may be influenced by different training configurations, including protocol duration, volume, and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Artur Temizio Oppelt Raab
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Thamires Marra Araújo
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Faculty of Bio-Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Fernando Sousa Honorato
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Henver Simionato Brunetta
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves da Silva Mori
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil ,grid.442132.20000 0001 2111 5825S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS Brazil
| | - Thiago dos Santos Rosa
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
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10
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Zhu Y, Prata LGL, Gerdes EOW, Netto JME, Pirtskhalava T, Giorgadze N, Tripathi U, Inman CL, Johnson KO, Xue A, Palmer AK, Chen T, Schaefer K, Justice JN, Nambiar AM, Musi N, Kritchevsky SB, Chen J, Khosla S, Jurk D, Schafer MJ, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Orally-active, clinically-translatable senolytics restore α-Klotho in mice and humans. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103912. [PMID: 35292270 PMCID: PMC9034457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Klotho is a geroprotective protein that can attenuate or alleviate deleterious changes with ageing and disease. Declines in α-Klotho play a role in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases and age-related phenotypes. Pre-clinical evidence suggests that boosting α-Klotho holds therapeutic potential. However, readily clinically-translatable, practical strategies for increasing α-Klotho are not at hand. Here, we report that orally-active, clinically-translatable senolytics can increase α-Klotho in mice and humans. METHODS We examined α-Klotho expression in three different human primary cell types co-cultured with conditioned medium (CM) from senescent or non-senescent cells with or without neutralizing antibodies. We assessed α-Klotho expression in aged, obese, and senescent cell-transplanted mice treated with vehicle or senolytics. We assayed urinary α-Klotho in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who were treated with the senolytic drug combination, Dasatinib plus Quercetin (D+Q). FINDINGS We found exposure to the senescent cell secretome reduces α-Klotho in multiple nonsenescent human cell types. This was partially prevented by neutralizing antibodies against the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, activin A and Interleukin 1α (IL-1α). Consistent with senescent cells' being a cause of decreased α-Klotho, transplanting senescent cells into younger mice reduced brain and urine α-Klotho. Selectively removing senescent cells genetically or pharmacologically increased α-Klotho in urine, kidney, and brain of mice with increased senescent cell burden, including naturally-aged, diet-induced obese (DIO), or senescent cell-transplanted mice. D+Q increased α-Klotho in urine of patients with IPF, a disease linked to cellular senescence. INTERPRETATION Senescent cells cause reduced α-Klotho, partially due to their production of activin A and IL-1α. Targeting senescent cells boosts α-Klotho in mice and humans. Thus, clearing senescent cells restores α-Klotho, potentially opening a novel, translationally-feasible avenue for developing orally-active small molecule, α-Klotho-enhancing clinical interventions. Furthermore, urinary α-Klotho may prove to be a useful test for following treatments in senolytic clinical trials. FUNDING This work was supported by National Institute of Health grants AG013925 (J.L.K.), AG062413 (J.L.K., S.K.), AG044271 (N.M.), AG013319 (N.M.), and the Translational Geroscience Network (AG061456: J.L.K., T.T., N.M., S.B.K., S.K.), Robert and Arlene Kogod (J.L.K.), the Connor Group (J.L.K.), Robert J. and Theresa W. Ryan (J.L.K.), and the Noaber Foundation (J.L.K.). The previous IPF clinical trial was supported by the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Centers at WFSM (AG021332: J.N.J., S.B.K.), UTHSCA (AG044271: A.M.N.), and the Translational Geroscience Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Corresponding authors at: Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | | | - Erin O. Wissler Gerdes
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Tamar Pirtskhalava
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nino Giorgadze
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christina L. Inman
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kurt O. Johnson
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ailing Xue
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Allyson K. Palmer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kalli Schaefer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jamie N. Justice
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anoop M. Nambiar
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marissa J. Schafer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Corresponding authors at: Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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11
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McKee CM, Chapski DJ, Wehling-Henricks M, Rosa-Garrido M, Kuro-O M, Vondriska TM, Tidball JG. The anti-aging protein Klotho affects early postnatal myogenesis by downregulating Jmjd3 and the canonical Wnt pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22192. [PMID: 35174906 PMCID: PMC9007106 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the number of muscle stems cells, called satellite cells, during early postnatal development produces long-term effects on muscle growth. We tested the hypothesis that high expression levels of the anti-aging protein Klotho in early postnatal myogenesis increase satellite cell numbers by influencing the epigenetic regulation of genes that regulate myogenesis. Our findings show that elevated klotho expression caused a transient increase in satellite cell numbers and slowed muscle fiber growth, followed by a period of accelerated muscle growth that leads to larger fibers. Klotho also transcriptionally downregulated the H3K27 demethylase Jmjd3, leading to increased H3K27 methylation and decreased expression of genes in the canonical Wnt pathway, which was associated with a delay in muscle differentiation. In addition, Klotho stimulation and Jmjd3 downregulation produced similar but not additive reductions in the expression of Wnt4, Wnt9a, and Wnt10a in myogenic cells, indicating that inhibition occurred through a common pathway. Together, our results identify a novel pathway through which Klotho influences myogenesis by reducing the expression of Jmjd3, leading to reductions in the expression of Wnt genes and inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M McKee
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Douglas J Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Division of Anti-Aging Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Departments of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Departments of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James G Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Arroyo E, Troutman AD, Moorthi RN, Avin KG, Coggan AR, Lim K. Klotho: An Emerging Factor With Ergogenic Potential. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 2:807123. [PMID: 36188832 PMCID: PMC9397700 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.807123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in older individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Declines in skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity can progress into impaired physical function and inability to perform activities of daily living. Physical function is highly associated with important clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, functional independence, quality of life, and mortality. While lifestyle modifications such as exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to prevent and reverse declines in physical function, the utility of these treatment strategies is limited by poor widespread adoption and adherence due to a wide variety of both perceived and actual barriers to exercise. Therefore, identifying novel treatment targets to manage physical function decline is critically important. Klotho, a remarkable protein with powerful anti-aging properties has recently been investigated for its role in musculoskeletal health and physical function. Klotho is involved in several key processes that regulate skeletal muscle function, such as muscle regeneration, mitochondrial biogenesis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This is particularly important for older adults and patients with CKD, which are known states of Klotho deficiency. Emerging data support the existence of Klotho-related benefits to exercise and for potential Klotho-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of sarcopenia and its progression to physical disability. However, significant gaps in our understanding of Klotho must first be overcome before we can consider its potential ergogenic benefits. These advances will be critical to establish the optimal approach to future Klotho-based interventional trials and to determine if Klotho can regulate physical dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ashley D. Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ranjani N. Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keith G. Avin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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13
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Iturriaga T, Yvert T, Sanchez-Lorente IM, Diez-Vega I, Fernandez-Elias VE, Sanchez-Barroso L, Dominguez-Balmaseda D, Larrosa M, Perez-Ruiz M, Santiago C. Acute Impacts of Different Types of Exercise on Circulating α-Klotho Protein Levels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716473. [PMID: 34539440 PMCID: PMC8440965 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Elevated plasma α-klotho (αKl) protects against several ageing phenotypes and has been proposed as a biomarker of a good prognosis for different diseases. The beneficial health effects of elevated plasma levels of soluble αKl (SαKl) have been likened to the positive effects of exercise on ageing and chronic disease progression. It has also been established that molecular responses and adaptations differ according to exercise dose. The aim of this study is to compare the acute SαKl response to different exercise interventions, cardiorespiratory, and strength exercise in healthy, physically active men and to examine the behavior of SαKl 72h after acute strength exercise. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, plasma SαKl was measured before and after a cardiorespiratory exercise session (CR) in 43 men, and strength exercise session (ST) in 39 men. The behavior of SαKl was also examined 24, 48, and 72h after ST. Results: Significant differences (time×group) were detected in SαKl levels (p=0.001; d=0.86) between CR and ST. After the ST intervention, SαKl behavior varied significantly (p=0.009; d=0.663) in that levels dropped between pre- and post-exercises (p=0.025; d=0.756) and were also significantly higher compared to pre ST values at 24h (p=0.033; d=0.717) and at 48h (p=0.015; d=0.827). Conclusions: SαKl levels increased in response to a single bout of cardiorespiratory exercise; while they decreased immediately after strength exercise, levels were elevated after 24h indicating different klotho protein responses to different forms of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Iturriaga
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Yvert
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel M Sanchez-Lorente
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Universidad de Leon, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Valentin E Fernandez-Elias
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Sanchez-Barroso
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Dominguez-Balmaseda
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Perez-Ruiz
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Santiago
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Tidball JG, Flores I, Welc SS, Wehling-Henricks M, Ochi E. Aging of the immune system and impaired muscle regeneration: A failure of immunomodulation of adult myogenesis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111200. [PMID: 33359378 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration that follows acute injury is strongly influenced by interactions with immune cells that invade and proliferate in the damaged tissue. Discoveries over the past 20 years have identified many of the key mechanisms through which myeloid cells, especially macrophages, regulate muscle regeneration. In addition, lymphoid cells that include CD8+ T-cells and regulatory T-cells also significantly affect the course of muscle regeneration. During aging, the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines, which can contribute to progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Those age-related reductions in muscle regeneration are accompanied by systemic, age-related changes in the immune system, that affect many of the myeloid and lymphoid cell populations that can influence muscle regeneration. In this review, we present recent discoveries that indicate that aging of the immune system contributes to the diminished regenerative capacity of aging muscle. Intrinsic, age-related changes in immune cells modify their expression of factors that affect the function of a population of muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, that are necessary for normal muscle regeneration. For example, age-related reductions in the expression of growth differentiation factor-3 (GDF3) or CXCL10 by macrophages negatively affect adult myogenesis, by disrupting regulatory interactions between macrophages and satellite cells. Those changes contribute to a reduction in the numbers and myogenic capacity of satellite cells in old muscle, which reduces their ability to restore damaged muscle. In addition, aging produces changes in the expression of molecules that regulate the inflammatory response to injured muscle, which also contributes to age-related defects in muscle regeneration. For example, age-related increases in the production of osteopontin by macrophages disrupts the normal inflammatory response to muscle injury, resulting in regenerative defects. These nascent findings represent the beginning of a newly-developing field of investigation into mechanisms through which aging of the immune system affects muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Ivan Flores
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven S Welc
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Hosei University, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, 3-7-2, Kajino, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
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15
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Welc SS, Wehling-Henricks M, Antoun J, Ha TT, Tous I, Tidball JG. Differential Effects of Myeloid Cell PPARδ and IL-10 in Regulating Macrophage Recruitment, Phenotype, and Regeneration following Acute Muscle Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1664-1677. [PMID: 32817369 PMCID: PMC7484367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in macrophage phenotype in injured muscle profoundly influence regeneration. In particular, the shift of macrophages from a proinflammatory (M1 biased) phenotype to a proregenerative (M2 biased) phenotype characterized by expression of CD206 and CD163 is essential for normal repair. According to the current canonical mechanism regulating for M1/M2 phenotype transition, signaling through PPARδ is necessary for obtaining the M2-biased phenotype. Our findings confirm that the murine myeloid cell-targeted deletion of Ppard reduces expression in vitro of genes that are activated in M2-biased macrophages; however, the mutation in mice in vivo increased numbers of CD206+ M2-biased macrophages and did not reduce the expression of phenotypic markers of M2-biased macrophages in regenerating muscle. Nevertheless, the mutation impaired CCL2-mediated chemotaxis of macrophages and slowed revascularization of injured muscle. In contrast, null mutation of IL-10 diminished M2-biased macrophages but produced no defects in muscle revascularization. Our results provide two significant findings. First, they illustrate that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions in vitro are not always predictive of mechanisms that are most important in vivo. Second, they show that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions differ in different in vivo environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Welc
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jacqueline Antoun
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tracey T Ha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Isabella Tous
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - James G Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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16
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Genetic reduction of the extracellular matrix protein versican attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and improves contractile function in dystrophic mdx diaphragm muscles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11080. [PMID: 32632164 PMCID: PMC7338466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a persistent, aberrant accumulation of V0/V1 versican in skeletal muscles from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in diaphragm muscles from mdx mice. Versican is a provisional matrix protein implicated in fibrosis and inflammation in various disease states, yet its role in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy is not known. Here, female mdx and male hdf mice (haploinsufficient for the versican allele) were bred. In the resulting F1 mdx-hdf male pups, V0/V1 versican expression in diaphragm muscles was decreased by 50% compared to mdx littermates at 20-26 weeks of age. In mdx-hdf mice, spontaneous physical activity increased by 17% and there was a concomitant decrease in total energy expenditure and whole-body glucose oxidation. Versican reduction improved the ex vivo strength and endurance of diaphragm muscle strips. These changes in diaphragm contractile properties in mdx-hdf mice were associated with decreased monocyte and macrophage infiltration and a reduction in the proportion of fibres expressing the slow type I myosin heavy chain isoform. Given the high metabolic cost of inflammation in dystrophy, an attenuated inflammatory response may contribute to the effects of versican reduction on whole-body metabolism. Altogether, versican reduction ameliorates the dystrophic pathology of mdx-hdf mice as evidenced by improved diaphragm contractile function and increased physical activity.
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17
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Kodukula K, Chen X. Klotho Pathways, Myelination Disorders, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Epigenetic Drugs. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:94-105. [PMID: 32257625 PMCID: PMC7133426 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we outline a rationale for identifying neuroprotectants aimed at inducing endogenous Klotho activity and expression, which is epigenetic action, by definition. Such an approach should promote remyelination and/or stimulate myelin repair by acting on mitochondrial function, thereby heralding a life-saving path forward for patients suffering from neuroinflammatory diseases. Disorders of myelin in the nervous system damage the transmission of signals, resulting in loss of vision, motion, sensation, and other functions depending on the affected nerves, currently with no effective treatment. Klotho genes and their single-pass transmembrane Klotho proteins are powerful governors of the threads of life and death, true to the origin of their name, Fates, in Greek mythology. Among its many important functions, Klotho is an obligatory co-receptor that binds, activates, and/or potentiates critical fibroblast growth factor activity. Since the discovery of Klotho a little over two decades ago, it has become ever more apparent that when Klotho pathways go awry, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction take over, and age-related chronic disorders are likely to follow. The physiological consequences can be wide ranging, potentially wreaking havoc on the brain, eye, kidney, muscle, and more. Central nervous system disorders, neurodegenerative in nature, and especially those affecting the myelin sheath, represent worthy targets for advancing therapies that act upon Klotho pathways. Current drugs for these diseases, even therapeutics that are disease modifying rather than treating only the symptoms, leave much room for improvement. It is thus no wonder that this topic has caught the attention of biomedical researchers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anastasios N. Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
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Howard EE, Pasiakos SM, Blesso CN, Fussell MA, Rodriguez NR. Divergent Roles of Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle Recovery From Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32116792 PMCID: PMC7031348 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A transient increase in local pro-inflammatory cytokine expression following skeletal muscle injury mediates the repair and regeneration of damaged myofibers through myogenesis. Regenerative capacity is diminished and muscle wasting occurs, however, when intramuscular inflammatory signaling is exceedingly high or persists chronically. An excessive and persistent inflammatory response to muscle injury may therefore impair recovery by limiting the repair of damaged tissue and triggering muscle atrophy. The concentration-dependent activation of different downstream signaling pathways by several pro-inflammatory cytokines in cell and animal models support these opposing roles of post-injury inflammation. Understanding these molecular pathways is essential in developing therapeutic strategies to attenuate excessive inflammation and accelerate functional recovery and muscle mass accretion following muscle damage. This is especially relevant given the observation that basal levels of intramuscular inflammation and the inflammatory response to muscle damage are not uniform across all populations, suggesting certain individuals may be more susceptible to an excessive inflammatory response to injury that limits recovery. This narrative review explores the opposing roles of intramuscular inflammation in muscle regeneration and muscle protein turnover. Factors contributing to an exceedingly high inflammatory response to damage and age-related impairments in regenerative capacity are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Howard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States.,Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Stefan M Pasiakos
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Maya A Fussell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nancy R Rodriguez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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