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Phoon CK, Aristizábal O, Farhoud M, Turnbull DH, Wadghiri YZ. Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1116. [PMID: 39222027 PMCID: PMC11371386 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, with brief overviews of other imaging modalities. In this update, we also emphasize the importance of rigor and reproducibility in imaging approaches, experimental design, and documentation. Finally, we briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K.L. Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Orlando Aristizábal
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Daniel H. Turnbull
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Youssef Z. Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, & Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Preclinical Imaging, Division for Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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2
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Guruji V, Zhou YQ, Tang M, Mirzaei Z, Ding Y, Elbatarny M, Latifi N, Simmons CA. Identification of congenital aortic valve malformations in juvenile natriuretic peptide receptor 2-deficient mice using high-frequency ultrasound. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H56-H66. [PMID: 38758128 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00769.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Mouse models of congenital aortic valve malformations are useful for studying disease pathobiology, but most models have incomplete penetrance [e.g., ∼2 to 77% prevalence of bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) across multiple models]. For longitudinal studies of pathologies associated with BAVs and other congenital valve malformations, which manifest over months in mice, it is operationally inefficient, economically burdensome, and ethically challenging to enroll large numbers of mice in studies without first identifying those with valvular abnormalities. To address this need, we established and validated a novel in vivo high-frequency (30 MHz) ultrasound imaging protocol capable of detecting aortic valvular malformations in juvenile mice. Fifty natriuretic peptide receptor 2 heterozygous mice on a low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient background (Npr2+/-;Ldlr-/-; 32 males and 18 females) were imaged at 4 and 8 wk of age. Fourteen percent of the Npr2+/-;Ldlr-/- mice exhibited features associated with aortic valve malformations, including 1) abnormal transaortic flow patterns on color Doppler (recirculation and regurgitation), 2) peak systolic flow velocities distal to the aortic valves reaching or surpassing ∼1,250 mm/s by pulsed-wave Doppler, and 3) putative fusion of cusps along commissures and abnormal movement elucidated by two-dimensional (2-D) imaging with ultrahigh temporal resolution. Valves with these features were confirmed by ex vivo gross anatomy and histological visualization to have thickened cusps, partial fusions, or Sievers type-0 bicuspid valves. This ultrasound imaging protocol will enable efficient, cost effective, and humane implementation of studies of congenital aortic valvular abnormalities and associated pathologies in a wide range of mouse models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a high-frequency ultrasound imaging protocol for diagnosing congenital aortic valve structural abnormalities in 4-wk-old mice. Our protocol defines specific criteria to distinguish mice with abnormal aortic valves from those with normal tricuspid valves using color Doppler, pulsed-wave Doppler, and two-dimensional (2-D) imaging with ultrahigh temporal resolution. This approach enables early identification of valvular abnormalities for efficient and ethical experimental design of longitudinal studies of congenital valve diseases and associated pathologies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Guruji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyi Tang
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahra Mirzaei
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Ding
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malak Elbatarny
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neda Latifi
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Craig A Simmons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Center for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McKay EJ, Luijten I, Broadway-Stringer S, Thomson A, Weng X, Gehmlich K, Gray GA, Semple RK. Female Alms1-deficient mice develop echocardiographic features of adult but not infantile Alström syndrome cardiomyopathy. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050561. [PMID: 38756069 PMCID: PMC11225586 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Alström syndrome (AS), a multisystem disorder caused by biallelic ALMS1 mutations, features major early morbidity and mortality due to cardiac complications. The latter are biphasic, including infantile dilated cardiomyopathy and distinct adult-onset cardiomyopathy, and poorly understood. We assessed cardiac function of Alms1 knockout (KO) mice by echocardiography. Cardiac function was unaltered in Alms1 global KO mice of both sexes at postnatal day 15 (P15) and 8 weeks. At 23 weeks, female - but not male - KO mice showed increased left atrial area and decreased isovolumic relaxation time, consistent with early restrictive cardiomyopathy, as well as reduced ejection fraction. No histological or transcriptional changes were seen in myocardium of 23-week-old female Alms1 global KO mice. Female mice with Pdgfra-Cre-driven Alms1 deletion in cardiac fibroblasts and in a small proportion of cardiomyocytes did not recapitulate the phenotype of global KO at 23 weeks. In conclusion, only female Alms1-deficient adult mice show echocardiographic evidence of cardiac dysfunction, consistent with the cardiomyopathy of AS. The explanation for sexual dimorphism remains unclear but might involve metabolic or endocrine differences between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J. McKay
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ineke Luijten
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Adrian Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Xiong Weng
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Katya Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gillian A. Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Robert K. Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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4
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Villalba-Orero M, Garcia-Pavia P, Lara-Pezzi E. Non-invasive assessment of HFpEF in mouse models: current gaps and future directions. BMC Med 2022; 20:349. [PMID: 36229816 PMCID: PMC9563110 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) prevalence is increasing, and large clinical trials have failed to reduce mortality. A major reason for this outcome is the failure to translate results from basic research to the clinics. Evaluation of HFpEF in mouse models requires assessing three major key features defining this complex syndrome: the presence of a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), diastolic dysfunction, and the development of HF. In addition, HFpEF is associated with multiple comorbidities such as systemic arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnea, diabetes, and obesity; thus, non-cardiac disorders assessment is crucial for a complete phenotype characterization. Non-invasive procedures present unquestionable advantages to maintain animal welfare and enable longitudinal analyses. However, unequivocally determining the presence of HFpEF using these methods remains challenging. MAIN TEXT Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) represents an invaluable tool in HFpEF diagnosis, allowing evaluation of LVEF, diastolic dysfunction, and lung congestion in mice. Since conventional parameters used to evaluate an abnormal diastole like E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, and E/e' may pose limitations in mice, including advanced TTE techniques to characterize cardiac motion, including an assessment under stress, will improve diagnosis. Patients with HFpEF also show electrical cardiac remodelling and therefore electrocardiography may add valuable information in mouse models to assess chronotropic incompetence and sinoatrial node dysfunction, which are major contributors to exercise intolerance. To complete the non-invasive diagnosis of HF, low aerobic exercise capacity and fatigue using exercise tests, impaired oxygen exchange using metabolic cages, and determination of blood biomarkers can be determined. Finally, since HFpEF patients commonly present non-cardiac pathological conditions, acquisition of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, blood glucose levels, and performing glucose tolerance and insulin resistance tests are required for a complete phenotyping. CONCLUSION Identification of reliable models of HFpEF in mice by using proper diagnosis tools is necessary to translate basic research results to the clinics. Determining the presence of several HFpEF indicators and a higher number of abnormal parameters will lead to more reliable evidence of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villalba-Orero
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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de Castro Nobre AC, Pimentel CF, do Rêgo GMS, Paludo GR, Pereira Neto GB, de Castro MB, Nitz N, Hecht M, Dallago B, Hagström L. Insights from the use of erythropoietin in experimental Chagas disease. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 19:65-80. [PMID: 35772309 PMCID: PMC9253553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the long-established role in erythropoiesis, erythropoietin (Epo) has protective functions in a variety of tissues, including the heart. This is the most affected organ in chronic Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Despite seven million people being infected with T. cruzi worldwide, there is no effective treatment preventing the disease progression to the chronic phase when the pathological involvement of the heart is often observed. Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy has a wide variety of manifestations, like left ventricular systolic dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Since Epo may help maintain cardiac function by reducing myocardial necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, this study aimed to evaluate whether the Epo has positive effects on experimental Chagas disease. For that, we assessed the earlier (acute phase) and also the later (chronic phase) use of Epo in infected C57BL/6 mice. Blood cell count, biochemical parameters, parasitic load, and echocardiography data were evaluated. In addition, histopathological analysis was carried out. Our data showed that Epo had no trypanocide effect nor did it modify the production of anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Epo-treated groups exhibited parasitic burden much lower in the heart compared to blood. No pattern of hematological changes was observed combining infection with treatment with Epo. Chronic Epo administration reduced CK-MB serum activity from d0 to d180, irrespectively of T. cruzi infection. Likewise, echocardiography and histological results indicate that Epo treatment is more effective in the chronic phase of experimental Chagas disease. Since treatment is one of the greatest challenges of Chagas disease, alternative therapies should be investigated, including Epo combined with benznidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Fernando Pimentel
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - George Magno Sousa do Rêgo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Giane Regina Paludo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Bueno Pereira Neto
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallago
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil; Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Hagström
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil; Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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6
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Menendez-Montes I, Villalba-Orero M, Escobar B, Martin-Puig S. Embryonic echocardiography for assessment of congenital and functional cardiac defects. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100980. [PMID: 34927090 PMCID: PMC8649964 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function and morphology by mouse fetal echocardiography can be assessed by scanning the uterus extracted from the abdominal cavity (trans-uterine ultrasound) or the womb (trans-abdominal ultrasound). Advantages of trans-abdominal ultrasound include (1) non-invasive longitudinal analysis at different stages, reducing animal use; and (2) maintenance of natural environment, diminishing perturbations on functional parameters, which are more frequent in trans-uterine conditions. Here we describe both approaches, explaining how to identify congenital cardiac defects and defining the correlation between echocardiography findings and histological analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to (Menendez-Montes et al., 2016) and (Menendez-Montes et al., 2021). Detailed protocol of fetal trans-abdominal and trans-uterine ultrasound Measurement of embryonic cardiac structural and functional parameters Identification of congenital cardiac defects by echocardiography Correlation of ultrasound findings with histological analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Vascular Pathophysiology. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maria Villalba-Orero
- Vascular Pathophysiology. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Vascular Pathophysiology. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Martin-Puig
- Vascular Pathophysiology. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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7
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Raghav V, Midha P, Sharma R, Babaliaros V, Yoganathan A. Transcatheter aortic valve thrombosis: a review of potential mechanisms. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210599. [PMID: 34814733 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) thrombosis has been recognized as a significant problem that sometimes occurs as early as within 30 days after valve implantation, leading to increased concerns of stroke and long-term valve durability. In this article, a critical summary of the relevant literature on identifying potential mechanisms of TAV thrombosis from the perspective of the well-known Virchow's triad, which comprises blood flow, foreign materials and blood biochemistry, is presented. Blood flow mechanisms have been the primary focus thus far, with a general consensus on the flow mechanisms with respect to haemodynamic conditions, the influence of TAV placement and expansion and the influence of coronary flow. Less attention has been paid to the influence of blood biochemistry and foreign materials (and related endothelial damage), with little consensus among studies with regards to platelet and/or microparticle levels post-TAV implantation. Finally, we discuss the future outlook for research with unanswered scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrishank Raghav
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Prem Midha
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Interventional Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Faculty, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vasilis Babaliaros
- Division of Cardiology, Emory Structural Heart and Valve Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajit Yoganathan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wischmann P, Chennupati R, Solga I, Funk F, Becher S, Gerdes N, Anker S, Kelm M, Jung C. Safety and efficacy of iron supplementation after myocardial infarction in mice with moderate blood loss anaemia. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:5445-5455. [PMID: 34636175 PMCID: PMC8712778 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Iron deficiency is frequently observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome and associates with poor prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Anaemia is linked to dysregulation of iron metabolism, red blood cell dysfunction, and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Iron supplementation in chronic heart failure is safe and improves cardiac exercise capacity. Increases in iron during ischaemia or immediately after reperfusion are associated with detrimental effects on left ventricular (LV) function. The safety and applicability of iron during or immediately after reperfusion of AMI in anaemia are not known. We aimed to study the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation within 1 h or deferred to 24 h after reperfusion of AMI by analysing LV function and infarct size. Methods and results In a mouse model of moderate blood loss anaemia (n = 6–8 mice/group), the effects of iron supplementation (20 mg iron as ferric carboxymaltose per kg body weight) within 1 h and deferred to 24 h after ischaemia/reperfusion were assessed. Cardiac function was analysed in vivo by echocardiography at baseline (Day 3) with and without anaemia, after AMI (24 h), and after administration of intravenous iron. Anaemia was characterized by iron deficiency and a trend towards increased haemolysis, which was supported by increased plasma free‐haemoglobin [sham vs. anaemia (n = 8/group): P < 0.05]. Anaemia increased heart rate, LV end‐diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output, while LV end‐systolic volume remained unchanged at baseline. Superimposition of AMI deteriorated global LV function, whereas infarct sizes remained unaffected [sham vs. anaemia (n = 6/group): P = 0.9]. Deferred iron supplementation 24 h after ischaemia/reperfusion resulted in reversal of end‐systolic volume increase and reduced infarct size [% of area at risk: sham vs. anaemia + iron after 24 h; (n = 6/group); 48 ± 7 vs. 38 ± 7; P < 0.05], whereas administration within 1 h after reperfusion was neutral [sham vs. anaemia + iron; (n = 6/group); 48 ± 7 vs. 42 ± 8; P = 0.56]. Moreover, iron application after reperfused AMI showed unaltered mortality compared with sham. Conclusions Iron supplementation 24 h after reperfusion of AMI is safe and reversed enlargement of end‐systolic volume after AMI resulting in increased stroke volume and cardiac output. This highlights its potential as adjunctive treatment in anaemia with ID after reperfused AMI. Time point of iron application after reperfusion appears critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Wischmann
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Ramesh Chennupati
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Isabella Solga
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Felix Funk
- Department of Nanomedicines, Vifor Pharma Management Ltd, Glattbrugg, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Becher
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Stefan Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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9
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Bensimon-Brito A, Boezio GLM, Cardeira-da-Silva J, Wietelmann A, Ramkumar S, Lundegaard PR, Helker CSM, Ramadass R, Piesker J, Nauerth A, Mueller C, Stainier DYR. Integration of multiple imaging platforms to uncover cardiovascular defects in adult zebrafish. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2665-2687. [PMID: 34609500 PMCID: PMC9491864 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mammalian models have been instrumental in investigating adult heart function and human disease. However, electrophysiological differences with human hearts and high costs motivate the need for non-mammalian models. The zebrafish is a well-established genetic model to study cardiovascular development and function; however, analysis of cardiovascular phenotypes in adult specimens is particularly challenging as they are opaque. Methods and results Here, we optimized and combined multiple imaging techniques including echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography to identify and analyse cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish. Using alk5a/tgfbr1a mutants as a case study, we observed morphological and functional cardiovascular defects that were undetected with conventional approaches. Correlation analysis of multiple parameters revealed an association between haemodynamic defects and structural alterations of the heart, as observed clinically. Conclusion We report a new, comprehensive, and sensitive platform to identify otherwise indiscernible cardiovascular phenotypes in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - João Cardeira-da-Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Astrid Wietelmann
- Scientific Service Group MRI and µ-CT, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Srinath Ramkumar
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Pia R Lundegaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Vascular, Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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10
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Borges GSM, Lages EB, Sicard P, Ferreira LAM, Richard S. Nanomedicine in Oncocardiology: Contribution and Perspectives of Preclinical Studies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:690533. [PMID: 34277738 PMCID: PMC8277942 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.690533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Strikingly, cardiovascular disorders are more common and more severe in cancer patients than in the general population, increasing incidence rates. In this context, it is vital to consider the anticancer efficacy of a treatment and the devastating heart complications it could potentially cause. Oncocardiology has emerged as a promising medical and scientific field addressing these aspects from different angles. Interestingly, nanomedicine appears to have great promise in reducing the cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs, maintaining or even enhancing their efficacy. Several studies have shown the benefits of nanocarriers, although with some flaws when considering the concept of oncocardiology. Herein, we discuss how preclinical studies should be designed as closely as possible to clinical protocols, considering various parameters intrinsic to the animal models used and the experimental protocols. The sex and age of the animals, the size and location of the tumors, the doses of the nanoformulations administered, and the acute vs. the long-term effects of treatments are essential aspects. We also discuss the perspectives offered by non-invasive imaging techniques to simultaneously assess both the anticancer effects of treatment and its potential impact on the heart. The overall objective is to accelerate the development and validation of nanoformulations through high-quality preclinical studies reproducing the clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Silva Marques Borges
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Eduardo Burgarelli Lages
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,IPAM, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas Antônio Miranda Ferreira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,IPAM, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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11
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Yan J, Huang S, Lu F. Galectin-Receptor Interactions Regulates Cardiac Pathology Caused by Trichinella spiralis Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639260. [PMID: 34093526 PMCID: PMC8175896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis causes trichinellosis, a serious food-borne parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Infection with T. spiralis may also cause myocarditis. In the present study, we used mouse models to assess the impact of blockage of galectin-receptor interactions by α-lactose on cardiac immunopathology during acute T. spiralis experimental infection. Our data demonstrated that, after T. spiralis infection, blockage of galectin-receptor interactions resulted in cardiac dysfunction detected by transthoracic conventional echocardiography, and increased serum Gal-3 level, a biomarker of myocardial damage. In addition, there were increased eosinophil number in peripheral blood, and increased eosinophil infiltration in the heart and spleen tissues accompanied with increased mRNA levels of eosinophil granule proteins (including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)) and IL-5 in these organs; increased cardiac fibrosis accompanied with increased Gal-3 and collagen 1 expressions in the hearts of mice with blockage of galectin-receptor interactions after T. spiralis infection. Correlation analysis showed that significant positive correlations existed between the mRNA levels of Gal-3 and ECP/EPO/eosinophil major basic protein/IL-5/CCL11/CCR3/α-SMA/collagen 1 in the hearts of both T. spiralis-infected mice and T. spiralis-infected mice with blockage of galectin-receptor interactions. Our data suggest that galectin-receptor interactions play a pivotal role during acute T. spiralis infection, and lack of galectin-receptor interactions upregulates Gal-3 which, in turn, leads to elevated heart eosinophil recruitment, exacerbated heart pathology and fibrosis, and heart functional damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Abdelsayed M, Bytyçi I, Rydberg A, Henein MY. Left Ventricular Contraction Duration Is the Most Powerful Predictor of Cardiac Events in LQTS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092820. [PMID: 32878246 PMCID: PMC7565502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is primarily an electrical disorder characterized by a prolonged myocardial action potential. The delay in cardiac repolarization leads to electromechanical (EM) abnormalities, which adds a diagnostic value for LQTS. Prolonged left ventricular (LV) contraction was identified as a potential risk for arrhythmia. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the best predictor of all EM parameters for cardiac events (CEs) in LQTS patients. Methods: We systematically searched all electronic databases up to March 2020, to select studies that assessed the relationship between echocardiographic indices—contraction duration (CD), mechanical dispersion (MD), QRS onset to peak systolic strain (QAoC), and the EM window (EMW); and electrical indices— corrected QT interval (QTC), QTC dispersion, RR interval in relation to CEs in LQTS. This meta-analysis included a total of 1041 patients and 373 controls recruited from 12 studies. Results: The meta-analysis showed that LQTS patients had electrical and mechanical abnormalities as compared to controls—QTC, WMD 72.8; QTC dispersion, WMD 31.7; RR interval, WMD 91.5; CD, WMD 49.2; MD, WMD 15.9; QAoC, WMD 27.8; and EMW, WMD −62.4. These mechanical abnormalities were more profound in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic patients in whom disturbances were already manifest, compared to controls. A CD ≥430 ms had a summary sensitivity (SS) of 71%, specificity of 84%, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) >19.5 in predicting CEs. EMW and QTC had a lower accuracy. Conclusions: LQTS is associated with pronounced EM abnormalities, particularly prolonged LV myocardial CD, which is profound in symptomatic patients. These findings highlight the significant role of EM indices like CD in managing LQTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Abdelsayed
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (M.A.); (I.B.)
| | - Ibadete Bytyçi
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (M.A.); (I.B.)
- Universi College, Bardhosh, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Annika Rydberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Michael Y. Henein
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; (M.A.); (I.B.)
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George University London, SW17 0QT, UK
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-90-785-1431
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13
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HIV-1-Associated Left Ventricular Cardiac Dysfunction in Humanized Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9746. [PMID: 32546795 PMCID: PMC7297773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular cause(s) for early onset heart failure in people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) remains poorly defined. Herein, longitudinal echocardiography was used to assess whether NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice reconstituted with human hematopoietic stem cells (Hu-NSG mice) and infected with HIV-1ADA can recapitulate the salient features of this progressive human disease. Four weeks post infection, Hu-NSG mice of both sexes developed left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), with 25% exhibiting grade III/IV restrictive DD with mitral regurgitation. Increases in global longitudinal and circumferential strains and declines in LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were observed eight weeks post infection. After twelve weeks of infection, 33% of Hu-NSG mice exhibited LV dyskinesia and dyssynchrony. Histopathological analyses of hearts seventeen weeks post infection revealed coronary microvascular leakage, fibrosis and immune cell infiltration into the myocardium. These data show for the first time that HIV-1ADA-infected Hu-NSG mice can recapitulate key left ventricular cardiac deficits and pathophysiological changes reported in humans with progressive HIV-1 infection. The results also suggest that HIV-1 infected Hu-NSG mice may be a useful model to screen for pharmacological agents to blunt LV dysfunction and associated pathophysiologic causes reported in PLWH.
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14
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Zacchigna S, Paldino A, Falcão-Pires I, Daskalopoulos EP, Dal Ferro M, Vodret S, Lesizza P, Cannatà A, Miranda-Silva D, Lourenço AP, Pinamonti B, Sinagra G, Weinberger F, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L, Kehat I, Tocchetti CG, Russo M, Ghigo A, Cimino J, Hirsch E, Dawson D, Ciccarelli M, Oliveti M, Linke WA, Cuijpers I, Heymans S, Hamdani N, de Boer M, Duncker DJ, Kuster D, van der Velden J, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Mayr M, Giacca M, Leuschner F, Backs J, Thum T. Towards standardization of echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular function in adult rodents: a position paper of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:43-59. [PMID: 32365197 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography is a reliable and reproducible method to assess non-invasively cardiac function in clinical and experimental research. Significant progress in the development of echocardiographic equipment and transducers has led to the successful translation of this methodology from humans to rodents, allowing for the scoring of disease severity and progression, testing of new drugs, and monitoring cardiac function in genetically modified or pharmacologically treated animals. However, as yet, there is no standardization in the procedure to acquire echocardiographic measurements in small animals. This position paper focuses on the appropriate acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic parameters in adult mice and rats, and provides reference values, representative images, and videos for the accurate and reproducible quantification of left ventricular function in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy.,International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessia Paldino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium, Brussels
| | - Matteo Dal Ferro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Simone Vodret
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Lesizza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Antonio Cannatà
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André P Lourenço
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Pinamonti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Izhak Kehat
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and System Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - James Cimino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Institute of Physiology 2, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ilona Cuijpers
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Center of Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Center of Molecular and Vascular Biology (CMVB), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Division Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martine de Boer
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium, Brussels.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium, Brussels
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences and Cardiovascular Department, Centre for Translational Cardiology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste (TS), Italy.,International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, UK
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology & Pulmology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Angiology & Pulmology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Chu Q, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhu D, Yin Q, Zhang H, Zhou B, Zhou W, Yue Z, Lian H, Liu L, Nie Y, Hu S. CACCT: An Automated Tool of Detecting Complicated Cardiac Malformations in Mouse Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903592. [PMID: 32328433 PMCID: PMC7175298 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of morbidity/mortality in infancy and childhood. Using a mouse model to uncover the mechanism of CHD is essential to understand its pathogenesis. However, conventional 2D phenotyping methods cannot comprehensively exhibit and accurately distinguish various 3D cardiac malformations for the complicated structure of heart cavity. Here, a new automated tool based on microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) image data sets known as computer-assisted cardiac cavity tracking (CACCT) is presented, which can detect the connections between cardiac cavities and identify complicated cardiac malformations in mouse hearts automatically. With CACCT, researchers, even those without expert training or diagnostic experience of CHD, can identify complicated cardiac malformations in mice conveniently and precisely, including transposition of the great arteries, double-outlet right ventricle and atypical ventricular septal defect, whose accuracy is equivalent to senior fetal cardiologists. CACCT provides an effective approach to accurately identify heterogeneous cardiac malformations, which will facilitate the mechanistic studies into CHD and heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Haobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Libo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Computer ScienceInstitute of Software Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China
| | - Dekun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heart Center and Shanghai Institution of Pediatric Congenital Heart DiseasesShanghai Children's Medical CenterNational Children's Medical CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200127China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Wenzhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Computer ScienceInstitute of Software Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100089China
| | - Zhang Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Hong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100037China
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16
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Fulgencio-Covián A, Alonso-Barroso E, Guenzel AJ, Rivera-Barahona A, Ugarte M, Pérez B, Barry MA, Pérez-Cerdá C, Richard E, Desviat LR. Pathogenic implications of dysregulated miRNAs in propionic acidemia related cardiomyopathy. Transl Res 2020; 218:43-56. [PMID: 31951825 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac alterations (hypertrophic/dilated cardiomyopathy, and rhythm alterations) are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in propionic acidemia (PA), caused by the deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, cholesterol, and odd-chain fatty acids. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been documented in heart biopsies of PA patients, as well as in the hypomorphic Pcca-/-(A138T) mouse model, in the latter correlating with increased oxidative damage and elevated expression of cardiac dysfunction biomarkers atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). Here we characterize the cardiac phenotype in the PA mouse model by histological and echocardiography studies and identify a series of upregulated cardiac-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) in the PA mouse heart, some of them also altered as circulating miRNAs in PA patients' plasma samples. In PA mice hearts, we show alterations in signaling pathways regulated by the identified miRNAs, which could be contributing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction; notably, an activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and a decrease in autophagy, which are reverted by rapamycin treatment. In vitro studies in HL-1 cardiomyocytes indicate that propionate, the major toxic metabolite accumulating in the disease, triggers the increase in expression levels of miRNAs, BNP, and β-MHC, concomitant with an increase in reactive oxygen species. Our results highlight miRNAs and signaling alterations in the PCC-deficient heart which may contribute to the development of PA-associated cardiomyopathy and provide a basis to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Fulgencio-Covián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Alonso-Barroso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Castellan RFP, Thomson A, Moran CM, Gray GA. Electrocardiogram-gated Kilohertz Visualisation (EKV) Ultrasound Allows Assessment of Neonatal Cardiac Structural and Functional Maturation and Longitudinal Evaluation of Regeneration After Injury. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:167-179. [PMID: 31699549 PMCID: PMC6900752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The small size and high heart rate of the neonatal mouse heart makes structural and functional characterisation particularly challenging. Here, we describe application of electrocardiogram-gated kilohertz visualisation (EKV) ultrasound imaging with high spatio-temporal resolution to non-invasively characterise the post-natal mouse heart during normal growth and regeneration after injury. The 2-D images of the left ventricle (LV) acquired across the cardiac cycle from post-natal day 1 (P1) to P42 revealed significant changes in LV mass from P8 that coincided with a switch from hyperplastic to hypertrophic growth and correlated with ex vivo LV weight. Remodelling of the LV was indicated between P8 and P21 when LV mass and cardiomyocyte size increased with no accompanying change in LV wall thickness. Whereas Doppler imaging showed the expected switch from LV filling driven by atrial contraction to filling by LV relaxation during post-natal week 1, systolic function was retained at the same level from P1 to P42. EKV ultrasound imaging also revealed loss of systolic function after induction of myocardial infarction at P1 and regain of function associated with regeneration of the myocardium by P21. EKV ultrasound imaging thus offers a rapid and convenient method for routine non-invasive characterisation of the neonatal mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael F P Castellan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Adrian Thomson
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Carmel M Moran
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Edinburgh Imaging, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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18
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Bruxel MA, Tavares AMV, Zavarize Neto LD, de Souza Borges V, Schroeder HT, Bock PM, Rodrigues MIL, Belló-Klein A, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Chronic whole-body heat treatment relieves atherosclerotic lesions, cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities, and enhances survival time restoring the anti-inflammatory and anti-senescent heat shock response in mice. Biochimie 2019; 156:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Chittajallu DR, McCormick M, Gerber S, Czernuszewicz TJ, Gessner R, Willis MS, Niethammer M, Kwitt R, Aylward SR. Image-Based Methods for Phase Estimation, Gating, and Temporal Superresolution of Cardiac Ultrasound. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:72-79. [PMID: 29993406 PMCID: PMC6340645 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2823279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Ultrasound is an effective tool for rapid non-invasive assessment of cardiac structure and function. Determining the cardiorespiratory phases of each frame in the ultrasound video and capturing the cardiac function at a much higher temporal resolution is essential in many applications. Fulfilling these requirements is particularly challenging in preclinical studies involving small animals with high cardiorespiratory rates, requiring cumbersome and expensive specialized hardware. Methods: We present a novel method for the retrospective estimation of cardiorespiratory phases directly from the ultrasound videos. It transforms the videos into a univariate time-series preserving the evidence of periodic cardiorespiratory motion, decouples the signatures of cardiorespiratory motion with a trend extraction technique, and estimates the cardiorespiratory phases using a Hilbert transform approach. We also present a robust nonparametric regression technique for respiratory gating and a novel kernel-regression model for reconstructing images at any cardiac phase facilitating temporal super-resolution. Results: We validated our methods using 2D echocardiography videos and electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings of 6 mice. Our cardiac phase estimation method provides accurate phase estimates with a mean-phase-error-range of 3–6% against ECG derived phase and outperforms three previously published methods in locating ECGs R-wave peak frames with a mean-frame-error-range of 0.73–1.36. Our kernel-regression model accurately reconstructs images at any cardiac phase with a mean-normalized-correlation-range of 0.81–0.85 over 50 leave-one-out-cross-validation rounds. Conclusion and Significance: Our methods can enable tracking of cardiorespiratory phases without additional hardware and reconstruction of respiration-free single cardiac-cycle videos at a much higher temporal resolution.
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20
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Villalba-Orero M, López-Olañeta MM, González-López E, Padrón-Barthe L, Gómez-Salinero JM, García-Prieto J, Wai T, García-Pavía P, Ibáñez B, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Lara-Pezzi E. Lung ultrasound as a translational approach for non-invasive assessment of heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1113-1123. [PMID: 28472392 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure (HF) has become an epidemic and constitutes a major medical, social, and economic problem worldwide. Despite advances in medical treatment, HF prognosis remains poor. The development of efficient therapies is hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models in which HF can be reliably determined, particularly in mice. The development of HF in mice is often assumed based on the presence of cardiac dysfunction, but HF itself is seldom proved. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a helpful tool for lung congestion assessment in patients at all stages of HF. We aimed to apply this non-invasive imaging tool to evaluate HF in mouse models of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Methods and results We used LUS to study HF in a mouse model of systolic dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and in a mouse model of diastolic dysfunction, diabetic cardiomyopathy. LUS proved to be a reliable and reproducible tool to detect pulmonary congestion in mice. The combination of LUS and echocardiography allowed discriminating those mice that develop HF from those that do not, even in the presence of evident cardiac dysfunction. The study showed that LUS can be used to identify the onset of HF decompensation and to evaluate the efficacy of therapies for this syndrome. Conclusions This novel approach in mouse models of cardiac disease enables for the first time to adequately diagnose HF non-invasively in mice with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, and will pave the way to a better understanding of HF and to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther González-López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Padrón-Barthe
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime García-Prieto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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21
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Brás LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H733-H752. [PMID: 29351456 PMCID: PMC5966769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and translational research is needed to understand better mechanisms whereby the left ventricle responds to injury. Mouse models of heart disease have provided valuable insights into mechanisms that occur during cardiac aging and in response to a variety of pathologies. The assessment of cardiovascular physiological responses to injury or insult is an important and necessary component of this research. With increasing consideration for rigor and reproducibility, the goal of this guidelines review is to provide best-practice information regarding how to measure accurately cardiac physiology in animal models. In this article, we define guidelines for the measurement of cardiac physiology in mice, as the most commonly used animal model in cardiovascular research. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-measuring-cardiac-physiology-in-mice/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
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22
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Baudouy D, Michiels JF, Vukolic A, Wagner KD, Wagner N. Echocardiographic and Histological Examination of Cardiac Morphology in the Mouse. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155760 DOI: 10.3791/55843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of genetically modified mouse models has become available in recent years. Moreover, the number of pharmacological studies performed in mice is high. Phenotypic characterization of these mouse models also requires the examination of cardiac function and morphology. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used approaches to characterize cardiac function and morphology in mice. Echocardiographic and MRI equipment specialized for use in small rodents is expensive and requires a dedicated space. This protocol describes cardiac measurements in mice using a clinical echocardiographic system with a 15 MHz human vascular probe. Measurements are performed on anesthetized adult mice. At least three image sequences are recorded and analyzed for each animal in M-mode in the parasternal short-axis view. Afterwards, cardiac histological examination is performed, and cardiomyocyte diameters are determined on hematoxylin-eosin- or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-stained paraffin sections. Vessel density is determined morphometrically after Pecam-1 immunostaining. The protocol has been applied successfully to pharmacological studies and different genetic animal models under baseline conditions, as well as after experimental myocardial infarction by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In our experience, echocardiographic investigation is limited to anesthetized animals and is feasible in adult mice weighing at least 25 g.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Vukolic
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich
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23
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Mutoh T, Mutoh T, Nakamura K, Yamamoto Y, Tsuru Y, Tsubone H, Ishikawa T, Taki Y. Acute cardiac support with intravenous milrinone promotes recovery from early brain injury in a murine model of severe subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:463-469. [PMID: 28008646 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Early brain injury/ischaemia (EBI) is a serious complication early after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) that contributes to development of delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). This study aimed to determine the role of inotropic cardiac support using milrinone (MIL) on restoring acute cerebral hypoperfusion attributable to EBI and improving outcomes after experimental SAH. Forty-three male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either sham surgery (SAH-sham), SAH induced by endovascular perforation plus postconditioning with 2% isoflurane (Control), or SAH plus isoflurane combined with MIL with and without hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor (HIF-I) pretreatment. Cardiac output (CO) during intravenous MIL infusion (0.25-0.75 μg/kg/min) between 1.5 and 2.5 hours after SAH induction was monitored with Doppler echocardiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-continuous arterial spin labelling was used for quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements. Neurobehavioral function was assessed daily by neurological score and open field test. DCI was analyzed 3 days later by determining infarction on MRI. Mild reduction of cardiac output (CO) and global cerebral blood flow (CBF) depression were notable early after SAH. MIL increased CO in a dose-dependent manner (P<.001), which was accompanied by improved hypoperfusion, incidence of DCI and functional recovery than Control (P<.05). The neuroprotective effects afforded by MIL or Control were attenuated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibition (P<.05). These results suggest that MIL improves acute hypoperfusion by its inotropic effect, leading to neurobehavioral improvement in mice after severe SAH, in which HIF may be acting as a critical mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Psychology, Kobe Shoin Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirokazu Tsubone
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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24
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Liu X, Kim AJ, Reynolds W, Wu Y, Lo CW. Phenotyping cardiac and structural birth defects in fetal and newborn mice. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:778-790. [PMID: 28544620 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are invaluable for investigating the developmental etiology and molecular pathogenesis of structural birth defects. While this has been deployed for studying a wide spectrum of birth defects, mice are particularly valuable for modeling congenital heart disease, given they have the same four-chamber cardiac anatomy as in humans. We have developed the use of noninvasive fetal ultrasound together with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging for high throughput phenotyping of mice for congenital heart defects (CHD) and other developmental anomalies. We showed the efficacy of fetal ultrasound and micro-CT imaging for diagnosis of a wide spectrum of CHD. With fetal ultrasound, longitudinal scans can be conducted to track the developmental profile of disease pathogenesis, providing both structural information with two-dimensional (2D) imaging, as well as functional data from hemodynamic assessments with color flow and spectral Doppler imaging. In contrast, with micro-CT imaging, virtual necropsies can be conducted rapidly postmortem for diagnosis of not only CHD, but also other structural birth defects. To validate the CHD diagnosis, we further showed the use of a novel histological technique with episcopic confocal microscopy to obtain rapid 3D reconstructions for accurate diagnosis of even the most complex anatomical defect. The latter histological imaging technique when combined with the use of ultrasound and micro-CT imaging provides a powerful combination of imaging modalities that will be invaluable in meeting the accelerating demands for high throughput mouse phenotyping of genetically engineered mice in the coming age of functional genomics. Birth Defects Research 109:778-790, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Reynolds
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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25
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Inotropic support against early brain injury improves cerebral hypoperfusion and outcomes in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res Bull 2016; 130:18-26. [PMID: 28017781 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Early brain injury/ischemia is a recent therapeutic target that contributes to triggering delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to determine the role of dobutamine for inotropic cardiac support in improving cerebral blood flow (CBF) and outcomes after experimental SAH, mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Thirty-one mice were subjected to SAH by endovascular perforation, and assigned to either 2% isoflurane postconditioning performed between 1 and 2.5h after SAH induction or concomitant intravenous dobutamine infusion (15μg/kg/min) with or without HIF inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) (10mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally. Neurobehavioral function was assessed daily by neurological scores and open field testing. DCI was defined 3days later by detecting a new infarction on MRI. Global CBF depression was notable early after SAH, but dobutamine showed significant improvement in CBF, lower incidence of DCI, and better recovery of neuroscores and open field test variables compared with isoflurane postconditioning (P<0.05). CBF over the entire brain on day 1 predicted DCI with a cut-off of 36.5ml/100g/min (80% specificity and 67% sensitivity), with a better area under the curve (0.83 versus 0.75) than the hemispheric CBF measured on the perforated side. The dobutamine-mediated outcomes were attenuated (P<0.05) by 2ME2 pretreatment. The data suggest that cardiac support with dobutamine improves global CBF depression induced by early brain injury, leading to reduced prevalence of DCI and better functional outcomes after experimental SAH, in which HIF may be acting as a critical mediator.
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26
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Wang JJC, Rau C, Avetisyan R, Ren S, Romay MC, Stolin G, Gong KW, Wang Y, Lusis AJ. Genetic Dissection of Cardiac Remodeling in an Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure Mouse Model. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006038. [PMID: 27385019 PMCID: PMC4934852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to understand the genetic control of cardiac remodeling using an isoproterenol-induced heart failure model in mice, which allowed control of confounding factors in an experimental setting. We characterized the changes in cardiac structure and function in response to chronic isoproterenol infusion using echocardiography in a panel of 104 inbred mouse strains. We showed that cardiac structure and function, whether under normal or stress conditions, has a strong genetic component, with heritability estimates of left ventricular mass between 61% and 81%. Association analyses of cardiac remodeling traits, corrected for population structure, body size and heart rate, revealed 17 genome-wide significant loci, including several loci containing previously implicated genes. Cardiac tissue gene expression profiling, expression quantitative trait loci, expression-phenotype correlation, and coding sequence variation analyses were performed to prioritize candidate genes and to generate hypotheses for downstream mechanistic studies. Using this approach, we have validated a novel gene, Myh14, as a negative regulator of ISO-induced left ventricular mass hypertrophy in an in vivo mouse model and demonstrated the up-regulation of immediate early gene Myc, fetal gene Nppb, and fibrosis gene Lgals3 in ISO-treated Myh14 deficient hearts compared to controls. Heart failure is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Previous large-scale human genome-wide association studies have yielded only a handful of genetic loci contributing to heart failure-related traits. Using a panel of diverse inbred mouse strains, treated with a β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol to mimic the heart failure state, we sought to uncover the contribution of common genetic variation in heart failure. We found that heart failure has a strong genetic component. We successfully identified 17 genome-wide significant loci associated with indices of heart failure. We showed that genetic variation in a novel gene Myh14 affects heart failure by altering the mechanical responses of heart muscles to isoproterenol-induced stress. Follow-up studies of this gene and additional candidate genes and loci should reveal potential mechanisms by which genetic variations contribute to heart failure in the general human population. Such insights may lead to improved diagnosis and tailor treatment based on the genetic makeup of individuals in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jen-Chu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJCW); (AJL)
| | - Christoph Rau
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rozeta Avetisyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuxun Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Milagros C. Romay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Stolin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ke Wei Gong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJCW); (AJL)
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27
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Mutoh T, Mutoh T, Sasaki K, Yamamoto Y, Tsuru Y, Tsubone H, Ishikawa T, Taki Y. Isoflurane postconditioning with cardiac support promotes recovery from early brain injury in mice after severe subarachnoid hemorrhage. Life Sci 2016; 153:35-40. [PMID: 27094790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neurocardiac dysfunction is a life-threatening systemic consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that contributes to triggering delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). This study aimed to determine the impact of dobutamine cardiac support during isoflurane postconditioning on post-SAH DCI. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to SAH, SAH plus isoflurane postconditioning, or SAH plus isoflurane postconditioning with dobutamine. Severity of SAH was graded from 1 to 4 (mild, 1-2; severe, 3-4) based on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cardiac output (CO) measured by transthoracic pulsed wave Doppler-echocardiography was titrated at a supra-normal level with intravenous dobutamine infusion. Neurological function was examined daily by neurological score and Rotarod tests. DCI was analyzed 3days later by determining new infarction on diffusion-weighted MRI. In a separate experiment, mice were pretreated with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2). KEY FINDINGS Clinically relevant CO depression was notable in severe SAH grade mice, in which dobutamine CO management combined with isoflurane postconditioning showed earlier and improved functional recovery than postconditioning with single isoflurane inhalation. Incidence of infarction and volumes on day 3 reduced significantly in this subgroup. All of the effects during preconditioning were attenuated by 2ME2 pretreatment. SIGNIFICANCE Isoflurane postconditioning under dobutamine cardiac support improves recovery from SAH-induced early brain injury, leading to reduced DCI resultant from severe experimental SAH. These results indicate the importance of neuro-cardiac protection, in which HIF may be acting as a critical mediator, as a promising therapeutic approach to SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Surgical Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, Japan.
| | - Kazumasu Sasaki
- Department of Surgical Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | - Hirokazu Tsubone
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Surgical Neurology, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-AKITA, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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28
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Abstract
The mouse is the mammalian model of choice for investigating cardiovascular biology, given our ability to manipulate it by genetic, pharmacologic, mechanical, and environmental means. Imaging is an important approach to phenotyping both function and structure of cardiac and vascular components. This review details commonly used imaging approaches, with a focus on echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging and brief overviews of other imaging modalities. We also briefly outline emerging imaging approaches but caution that reliability and validity data may be lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K L Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel H Turnbull
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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29
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Santos A, Fernández-Friera L, Villalba M, López-Melgar B, España S, Mateo J, Mota RA, Jiménez-Borreguero J, Ruiz-Cabello J. Cardiovascular imaging: what have we learned from animal models? Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:227. [PMID: 26539113 PMCID: PMC4612690 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging has become an indispensable tool for patient diagnosis and follow up. Probably the wide clinical applications of imaging are due to the possibility of a detailed and high quality description and quantification of cardiovascular system structure and function. Also phenomena that involve complex physiological mechanisms and biochemical pathways, such as inflammation and ischemia, can be visualized in a non-destructive way. The widespread use and evolution of imaging would not have been possible without animal studies. Animal models have allowed for instance, (i) the technical development of different imaging tools, (ii) to test hypothesis generated from human studies and finally, (iii) to evaluate the translational relevance assessment of in vitro and ex-vivo results. In this review, we will critically describe the contribution of animal models to the use of biomedical imaging in cardiovascular medicine. We will discuss the characteristics of the most frequent models used in/for imaging studies. We will cover the major findings of animal studies focused in the cardiovascular use of the repeatedly used imaging techniques in clinical practice and experimental studies. We will also describe the physiological findings and/or learning processes for imaging applications coming from models of the most common cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, imaging research using animals has allowed the study of aspects such as: ventricular size, shape, global function, and wall thickening, local myocardial function, myocardial perfusion, metabolism and energetic assessment, infarct quantification, vascular lesion characterization, myocardial fiber structure, and myocardial calcium uptake. Finally we will discuss the limitations and future of imaging research with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Santos
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain ; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Hospital Universitario HM Monteprincipe Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruben A Mota
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Charles River Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de La Princesa Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Madrid, Spain ; Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Karunamuni G, Gu S, Doughman YQ, Noonan AI, Rollins AM, Jenkins MW, Watanabe M. Using optical coherence tomography to rapidly phenotype and quantify congenital heart defects associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:607-18. [PMID: 25546089 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most commonly used method to analyze congenital heart defects involves serial sectioning and histology. However, this is often a time-consuming process where the quantification of cardiac defects can be difficult due to problems with accurate section registration. Here we demonstrate the advantages of using optical coherence tomography, a comparatively new and rising technology, to phenotype avian embryo hearts in a model of fetal alcohol syndrome where a binge-like quantity of alcohol/ethanol was introduced at gastrulation. RESULTS The rapid, consistent imaging protocols allowed for the immediate identification of cardiac anomalies, including ventricular septal defects and misaligned/missing vessels. Interventricular septum thicknesses and vessel diameters for three of the five outflow arteries were also significantly reduced. Outflow and atrioventricular valves were segmented using image processing software and had significantly reduced volumes compared to controls. This is the first study to our knowledge that has 3D reconstructed the late-stage cardiac valves in precise detail to examine their morphology and dimensions. CONCLUSIONS We believe, therefore, that optical coherence tomography, with its ability to rapidly image and quantify tiny embryonic structures in high resolution, will serve as an excellent and cost-effective preliminary screening tool for developmental biologists working with a variety of experimental/disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga Karunamuni
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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31
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Imaging technologies and basic considerations for welfare of laboratory rodents. Lab Anim (NY) 2015; 44:97-105. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hermans H, Swinnen M, Pokreisz P, Caluwé E, Dymarkowski S, Herregods MC, Janssens S, Herijgers P. Murine pressure overload models: a 30-MHz look brings a whole new “sound” into data interpretation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:563-71. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00363.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and angiotensin II (ANG II) subcutaneous osmotic pump infusion are frequently used murine models of pressure overload hypertrophy. The aim of this paper is to investigate time- and stressor-dependent functional and structural changes using echocardiographic B-mode, M-mode, and Doppler characterization. Ten-week-old male C57BL6/J wild-type mice received 4-wk ANG II (1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1, n = 19) or saline ( n = 10) infusion followed by echocardiography (Vevo2100, Visual Sonics), or underwent TAC ( n = 63) or a sham operation ( n = 30). In the TAC protocol, echocardiography was performed after 2 wk ( n = 22 TAC, n = 10 sham), after 4 wk ( n = 20 TAC, n = 10 sham), and after 10 wk ( n = 21 TAC, n = 10 sham). ANG II infusion was associated with a mixed pressure and volume overload, with a variable contribution of volume overload caused by aortic valve insufficiency (grade 0.5–3.5/4). The degree of aortic valve insufficiency correlated with the degree of left ventricular dilation ( r2 = 0.671, P < 0.001). After TAC, all hypertrophic remodeling patterns known in human disease were observed: 1) low-flow, low-gradient with preserved ejection fraction (EF); 2) concentric hypertrophy with normal EF and flow; 3) concentric hypertrophy with moderately decreased EF and/or flow; 4) eccentric hypertrophy with normal EF and flow; 5) eccentric hypertrophy with moderately decreased EF and/or flow; and 6) eccentric hypertrophy with severely depressed EF. Eccentric remodeling was time dependent, with 5% of mice developing this phenotype at 2 wk, 39% at 4 wk, and 59% at 10 wk. Comprehensive echocardiographic analysis allows identification of homogeneous subgroups of mice subjected to hypertrophic stress, reducing variability in experimental results and facilitating clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadewich Hermans
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Melissa Swinnen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Peter Pokreisz
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Ellen Caluwé
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Steven Dymarkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Paul Herijgers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
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Liu X, Tobita K, Francis RJB, Lo CW. Imaging techniques for visualizing and phenotyping congenital heart defects in murine models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 99:93-105. [PMID: 23897594 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mouse model is ideal for investigating the genetic and developmental etiology of congenital heart disease. However, cardiovascular phenotyping for the precise diagnosis of structural heart defects in mice remain challenging. With rapid advances in imaging techniques, there are now high throughput phenotyping tools available for the diagnosis of structural heart defects. In this review, we discuss the efficacy of four different imaging modalities for congenital heart disease diagnosis in fetal/neonatal mice, including noninvasive fetal echocardiography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), micro-magnetic resonance imaging (micro-MRI), and episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC) histopathology. The experience we have gained in the use of these imaging modalities in a large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen have validated their efficacy for congenital heart defect diagnosis in the tiny hearts of fetal and newborn mice. These cutting edge phenotyping tools will be invaluable for furthering our understanding of the developmental etiology of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Neuber C, Müller OJ, Hansen FC, Eder A, Witten A, Rühle F, Stoll M, Katus HA, Eschenhagen T, El-Armouche A. Paradoxical Effects on Force Generation after Efficient β1-Adrenoceptor Knockdown in Reconstituted Heart Tissue. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:39-46. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Yang X, Sun C, Anderson T, Moran CM, Hadoke PWF, Gray GA, Hoskins PR. Assessment of spectral Doppler in preclinical ultrasound using a small-size rotating phantom. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1491-1499. [PMID: 23711503 PMCID: PMC3839405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical ultrasound scanners are used to measure blood flow in small animals, but the potential errors in blood velocity measurements have not been quantified. This investigation rectifies this omission through the design and use of phantoms and evaluation of measurement errors for a preclinical ultrasound system (Vevo 770, Visualsonics, Toronto, ON, Canada). A ray model of geometric spectral broadening was used to predict velocity errors. A small-scale rotating phantom, made from tissue-mimicking material, was developed. True and Doppler-measured maximum velocities of the moving targets were compared over a range of angles from 10° to 80°. Results indicate that the maximum velocity was overestimated by up to 158% by spectral Doppler. There was good agreement (<10%) between theoretical velocity errors and measured errors for beam-target angles of 50°-80°. However, for angles of 10°-40°, the agreement was not as good (>50%). The phantom is capable of validating the performance of blood velocity measurement in preclinical ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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36
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Loughrey CM, Gray GA. Advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease using in vivo assessment of heart structure and function in rodent models. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:599-600. [PMID: 23143990 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.064550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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