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Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Cleland JGF, Kalra PR, Mentz RJ, Ponikowski P. Identification of three mechanistic pathways for iron-deficient heart failure. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:2281-2293. [PMID: 38733250 PMCID: PMC11231948 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of iron-deficient heart failure is based on blood tests that are thought to reflect systemic iron stores, but the available evidence suggests greater complexity. The entry and egress of circulating iron is controlled by erythroblasts, which (in severe iron deficiency) will sacrifice erythropoiesis to supply iron to other organs, e.g. the heart. Marked hypoferraemia (typically with anaemia) can drive the depletion of cardiomyocyte iron, impairing contractile performance and explaining why a transferrin saturation < ≈15%-16% predicts the ability of intravenous iron to reduce the risk of major heart failure events in long-term trials (Type 1 iron-deficient heart failure). However, heart failure may be accompanied by intracellular iron depletion within skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes, which is disproportionate to the findings of systemic iron biomarkers. Inflammation- and deconditioning-mediated skeletal muscle dysfunction-a primary cause of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure-is accompanied by intracellular skeletal myocyte iron depletion, which can be exacerbated by even mild hypoferraemia, explaining why symptoms and functional capacity improve following intravenous iron, regardless of baseline haemoglobin or changes in haemoglobin (Type 2 iron-deficient heart failure). Additionally, patients with advanced heart failure show myocardial iron depletion due to both diminished entry into and enhanced egress of iron from the myocardium; the changes in iron proteins in the cardiomyocytes of these patients are opposite to those expected from systemic iron deficiency. Nevertheless, iron supplementation can prevent ventricular remodelling and cardiomyopathy produced by experimental injury in the absence of systemic iron deficiency (Type 3 iron-deficient heart failure). These observations, taken collectively, support the possibility of three different mechanistic pathways for the development of iron-deficient heart failure: one that is driven through systemic iron depletion and impaired erythropoiesis and two that are characterized by disproportionate depletion of intracellular iron in skeletal and cardiac muscle. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, and all pathways may be operative at the same time or may occur sequentially in the same patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 North Hall Street, Dallas, TX 75226, USA
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology of German Heart Center Charité, Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul R Kalra
- Department of Cardiology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
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Al‐Qahtani Z, Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Ali NH, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. The potential role of brain renin-angiotensin system in the neuropathology of Parkinson disease: Friend, foe or turncoat? J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18495. [PMID: 38899551 PMCID: PMC11187740 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. Of note, brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is intricate in the PD neuropathology through modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Therefore, modulation of brain RAS by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) may be effective in reducing the risk and PD neuropathology. It has been shown that all components including the peptides and enzymes of the RAS are present in the different brain areas. Brain RAS plays a critical role in the regulation of memory and cognitive function, and in the controlling of central blood pressure. However, exaggerated brain RAS is implicated in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases including PD. Two well-known pathways of brain RAS are recognized including; the classical pathway which is mainly mediated by AngII/AT1R has detrimental effects. Conversely, the non-classical pathway which is mostly mediated by ACE2/Ang1-7/MASR and AngII/AT2R has beneficial effects against PD neuropathology. Exaggerated brain RAS affects the viability of dopaminergic neurons. However, the fundamental mechanism of brain RAS in PD neuropathology was not fully elucidated. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to disclose the mechanistic role of RAS in in the pathogenesis of PD. In addition, we try to revise how the ACEIs and ARBs can be developed for therapeutics in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainah Al‐Qahtani
- Neurology Section, Internal Medicine Department, College of MedicineKing khaled universityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Clinical pharmacology and medicine, college of medicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Clinical pharmacology and medicine, college of medicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali K. Albuhadily
- Clinical pharmacology and medicine, college of medicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & DevelopmentChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Research & Development, FunogenAthensGreece
- Department of Research & DevelopmentAFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Caliskan Y, Lentine KL, Edwards JC. Renin angiotensin system-induced muscle wasting: putative mechanisms and implications for clinicians. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8. [PMID: 38811433 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Renin angiotensin system (RAS) alters various mechanisms related to muscle wasting. The RAS system consists of classical and non-classical pathways, which mostly function differently. Classical RAS pathway, operates through angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin type 1 receptors, is associated with muscle wasting and sarcopenia. On the other hand, the non-classical RAS pathway, which operates through angiotensin 1-7 and Mas receptor, is protective against sarcopenia. The classical RAS pathway might induce muscle wasting by variety of mechanisms. AngII reduces body weight, via reduction in food intake, possibly by decreasing hypothalamic expression of orexin and neuropeptide Y, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signaling, AngII increases skeletal muscle proteolysis by forkhead box transcription factors (FOXO), caspase activation and muscle RING-finger protein-1 transcription. Furthermore, AngII infusion in skeletal muscle reduces phospho-Bad (Ser136) expression and induces apoptosis through increased cytochrome c release and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Renin angiotensin system activation through AT1R and AngII stimulates tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 which induces muscle wasting, Last but not least classical RAS pathway, induce oxidative stress, disturb mitochondrial energy metabolism, and muscle satellite cells which all lead to muscle wasting and decrease muscle regeneration. On the contrary, the non-classical RAS pathway functions oppositely to mitigate these mechanisms and protects against muscle wasting. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of RAS-induced muscle wasting and putative implications for clinical practice. We also emphasize the areas of uncertainties and suggest potential research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Edwards
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ali NH, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Hamad RS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. Role of brain renin-angiotensin system in depression: A new perspective. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14525. [PMID: 37953501 PMCID: PMC11017442 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by abnormal thoughts. The pathophysiology of depression is related to the deficiency of serotonin (5HT), which is derived from tryptophan (Trp). Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Notably, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and different findings revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be effective in depression. However, the underlying mechanism for the role of dysregulated brain RAS-induced depression remains speculative. Therefore, this review aimed to revise the conceivable role of ACEIs and ARBs and how these agents ameliorate the pathophysiology of depression. Dysregulation of brain RAS triggers the development and progression of depression through the reduction of brain 5HT and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of central classical RAS by ARBS and ACEIs and activation of non-classical RAS prevent the development of depression by regulating 5HT, BDNF, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranKSA
| | - Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali K. Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences DepartmentCollege of Science, King Faisal UniversityAl AhsaSaudi Arabia
- Central LaboratoryTheodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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Tanaka M, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Asada S, Koizumi A, Matsuda T, Yorioka N, Tsuji Y, Fujinaga Y, Sato S, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Blockade of angiotensin II modulates insulin-like growth factor 1-mediated skeletal muscle homeostasis in experimental steatohepatitis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119649. [PMID: 38097064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with mortality in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) has been suggested to prevent sarcopenia, but reports on its effect on NASH-derived skeletal muscle atrophy in conjunction with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-mediated muscle homeostasis are few. Our aim was to examine the combined effect of the ARB losartan and IGF-1 replacement on skeletal muscle atrophy in a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-fed murine steatohepatitis model. The MCD-fed mice developed steatohepatitis and skeletal muscle atrophy, as indicated by the reduction of psoas muscle mass and attenuation of forelimb and hindlimb grip strength. Significantly suppressed steatohepatitis and skeletal muscle atrophy was observed after single treatment with ARB or IGF-1, and these effects were augmented after combination treatment. Treatment with ARB and IGF-1 effectively inhibited ubiquitin proteasome-mediated protein degradation by reducing forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and FOXO3a transcriptional activity in the skeletal muscle. Combined ARB and IGF-1 decreased the intramuscular expression of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNFα, IL6, and IL1β) and increased the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GPX1, SOD2, and CYTB). This antioxidant effect was based on downregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, normalization of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Moreover, ARB increased the hepatic and plasma IGF-1 levels and improved steatohepatitis, leading to enhanced skeletal muscle protein synthesis mediated by IGF-1/ AKT/ mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Collectively, combined ARB and IGF-1 replacement could be a promising new therapeutic target for NASH-derived skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shohei Asada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Aritoshi Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yorioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Kitahara S, Abe M, Kono C, Sakuma N, Ishii D, Kawasaki T, Ikari J, Suzuki T. Prognostic impact of the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscle in patients with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17289. [PMID: 37828047 PMCID: PMC10570343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) progresses slowly but sometimes relatively quickly, leading to decreased activities of daily living (ADL) and muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle atrophy and muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may be caused by cachexia and are associated with reduced ADLs and increased risk of death. However, the association between skeletal muscle mass and the prognosis of PPFE patients remains unknown. We retrospectively analysed the clinical significance of the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscle (ESMCSA), a skeletal muscle index, and predictors of mortality within 3 years in PPFE 51 patients, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) 52 patients and COPD 62 patients. PPFE patients had significantly lower ESMCSA than IPF or COPD patients, and lower ESMCSA (< 22.57 cm2) was associated with prognosis within 3 years (log-rank test; p = 0.006), whereas lower body mass index (BMI) showed no association. Multivariate analysis showed that ESMCSA was an independent predictor of mortality within 3 years in PPFE patients (hazard ratio, 0.854; 95% confidence interval: 0.737-0.990, p = 0.036). These results suggest the importance of monitoring ESMCSA in PPFE patients and that assessing ESMCSA in PPFE patients could be a more useful prognostic indicator than BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Kitahara
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8258, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Chiyoko Kono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8258, Japan
| | - Noriko Sakuma
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3, Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8258, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Jun Ikari
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Liu Q, Chen L, Liang X, Cao Y, Zhu X, Wang S, Li J, Gao J, Xiao J. Exercise attenuates angiotensinⅡ-induced muscle atrophy by targeting PPARγ/miR-29b. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:696-707. [PMID: 34116237 PMCID: PMC9729927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is beneficial for muscle atrophy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and microRNA-29b (miR-29b) have been reported to be responsible for angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ)-induced muscle atrophy. However, it is unclear whether exercise can protect AngⅡ-induced muscle atrophy by targeting PPARγ/miR-29b. METHODS Skeletal muscle atrophy in both the control group and the run group was established by AngⅡ infusion; after 1 week of exercise training, the mice were sacrificed, and muscle weight was determined. Myofiber size was measured by hematoxylin-eosin and wheat-germ agglutinin staining. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. The expression level of muscle atrogenes, including F-box only protein 32 (FBXO32, also called Atrogin-1) and muscle-specific RING-finger 1 (MuRF-1), the phosphorylation level of protein kinase B (PKB, also called AKT)/forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins, the expression level of PPARγ and apoptosis-related proteins, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (caspase-3), and cleaved-caspase-3, were determined by western blot. The expression level of miR-29b was checked by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A PPARγ inhibitor (T0070907) or adeno-associated virus serotype-8 (AAV8)-mediated miR-29b overexpression was used to demonstrate whether PPARγ activation or miR-29b inhibition mediates the beneficial effects of exercise in AngⅡ-induced muscle atrophy. RESULTS Exercise can significantly attenuate AngⅡ-induced muscle atrophy, which is demonstrated by increased skeletal muscle weight, cross-sectional area of myofiber, and activation of AKT/mTOR signaling and by decreased atrogenes expressions and apoptosis. In AngⅡ-induced muscle atrophy mice models, PPARγ was elevated whereas miR-29b was decreased by exercise. The protective effects of exercise in AngⅡ-induced muscle atrophy were inhibited by a PPARγ inhibitor (T0070907) or adeno-associated virus serotype-8 (AAV8)-mediated miR-29b overexpression. CONCLUSION Exercise attenuates AngⅡ-induced muscle atrophy by activation of PPARγ and suppression of miR-29b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyang Chen
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuchun Liang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqing Cao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in heart failure: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Holder ER, Alibhai FJ, Caudle SL, McDermott JC, Tobin SW. The importance of biological sex in cardiac cachexia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H609-H627. [PMID: 35960634 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cachexia is a catabolic muscle wasting syndrome observed in approximately 1 in 10 heart failure patients. Increased skeletal muscle atrophy leads to frailty and limits mobility which impacts quality of life, exacerbates clinical care, and is associated with higher rates of mortality. Heart failure is known to exhibit a wide range of prevalence and severity when examined across individuals of different ages and with co-morbidities related to diabetes, renal failure and pulmonary dysfunction. It is also recognized that men and women exhibit striking differences in the pathophysiology of heart failure as well as skeletal muscle homeostasis. Given that both skeletal muscle and heart failure physiology are in-part sex dependent, the diagnosis and treatment of cachexia in heart failure patients may depend on a comprehensive examination of how these organs interact. In this review we explore the potential for sex-specific differences in cardiac cachexia. We summarize advantages and disadvantages of clinical methods used to measure muscle mass and function and provide alternative measurements that should be considered in preclinical studies. Additionally, we summarize sex-dependent effects on muscle wasting in preclinical models of heart failure, disuse, and cancer. Lastly, we discuss the endocrine function of the heart and outline unanswered questions that could directly impact patient care.
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Roh J, Hill JA, Singh A, Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Heterogeneous Syndrome, Diverse Preclinical Models. Circ Res 2022; 130:1906-1925. [PMID: 35679364 PMCID: PMC10035274 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents one of the greatest challenges facing cardiovascular medicine today. Despite being the most common form of heart failure worldwide, there has been limited success in developing therapeutics for this syndrome. This is largely due to our incomplete understanding of the biology driving its systemic pathophysiology and the heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes, which are increasingly being recognized as distinct HFpEF phenogroups. Development of efficacious therapeutics fundamentally relies on robust preclinical models that not only faithfully recapitulate key features of the clinical syndrome but also enable rigorous investigation of putative mechanisms of disease in the context of clinically relevant phenotypes. In this review, we propose a preclinical research strategy that is conceptually grounded in model diversification and aims to better align with our evolving understanding of the heterogeneity of clinical HFpEF. Although heterogeneity is often viewed as a major obstacle in preclinical HFpEF research, we challenge this notion and argue that embracing it may be the key to demystifying its pathobiology. Here, we first provide an overarching guideline for developing HFpEF models through a stepwise approach of comprehensive cardiac and extra-cardiac phenotyping. We then present an overview of currently available models, focused on the 3 leading phenogroups, which are primarily based on aging, cardiometabolic stress, and chronic hypertension. We discuss how well these models reflect their clinically relevant phenogroup and highlight some of the more recent mechanistic insights they are providing into the complex pathophysiology underlying HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.R., A.S.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Abhilasha Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.R., A.S.)
| | - María Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., F.S.)
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., F.S.)
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Effects and Causes of Detraining in Athletes Due to COVID-19: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095400. [PMID: 35564795 PMCID: PMC9102934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several aspects of systemic alterations caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resultant COVID-19 disease have been currently explored in the general population. However, very little is known about these particular aspects in sportsmen and sportswomen. We believe that the most important element to take into account is the neuromuscular aspect, due to the implications that this system entails in motion execution and coordination. In this context, deficient neuromuscular control when performing dynamic actions can be an important risk factor for injury. Therefore, data in this review refer mainly to problems derived in the short term from athletes who have suffered this pathology, taking into account that COVID-19 is a very new disease and the presented data are still not conclusive. The review addresses two key aspects: performance alteration and the return to regular professional physical activity. COVID-19 causes metabolic-respiratory, muscular, cardiac, and neurological alterations that are accompanied by a situation of stress. All of these have a clear influence on performance but at the same time in the strategy of returning to optimal conditions to train and compete again after infection. From the clinical evidence, the resumption of physical training and sports activity should be carried out progressively, both in terms of time and intensity.
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12
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Rosales-Antequera C, Viscor G, Araneda OF. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress as Common Mechanisms of Pulmonary, Autonomic and Musculoskeletal Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040550. [PMID: 35453749 PMCID: PMC9032591 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary When a spinal cord injury occurs, the neurons that regulate our voluntary movements, those involved in environment and somatic perception and those that regulate vegetative functions are affected. Once neuronal damage is established, the cells of other tissues are also affected in their functions, altering the interaction between organs and altering the proper functioning of the organism. Multiple studies in animal models, as well as in humans, have recognized as factors involved in organ damage the imbalance between the formation of highly reactive molecules called pro-oxidants and defensive mechanisms called antioxidants. Closely associated with this phenomenon, the inflammatory response is also pathologically activated. In this narrative review, we have analyzed the information involving these pathological processes at the level of the lung, the autonomic nervous system and the skeletal musculature after spinal cord injury. Knowing the abnormal functioning mechanisms that occur after a spinal cord injury not only offers a better understanding of the organic events but also offers future possibilities for therapeutic interventions that may benefit the thousands of patients suffering this pathology. Abstract One of the etiopathogenic factors frequently associated with generalized organ damage after spinal cord injury corresponds to the imbalance of the redox state and inflammation, particularly of the respiratory, autonomic and musculoskeletal systems. Our goal in this review was to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon by reviewing both animal and human studies. At the respiratory level, the presence of tissue damage is notable in situations that require increased ventilation due to lower thoracic distensibility and alveolar inflammation caused by higher levels of leptin as a result of increased fatty tissue. Increased airway reactivity, due to loss of sympathetic innervation, and levels of nitric oxide in exhaled air that are similar to those seen in asthmatic patients have also been reported. In addition, the loss of autonomic control efficiency leads to an uncontrolled release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids that induce immunosuppression, as well as a predisposition to autoimmune reactions. Simultaneously, blood pressure regulation is altered with vascular damage and atherogenesis associated with oxidative damage. At the muscular level, chronically elevated levels of prooxidants and lipoperoxidation associated with myofibrillar atrophy are described, with no reduction or reversibility of this process through antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Rosales-Antequera
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, LIBFE, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Oscar F. Araneda
- Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Effort, LIBFE, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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13
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022; 21:741-749. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Sukumaran V, Gurusamy N, Yalcin HC, Venkatesh S. Understanding diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy from the perspective of renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:63-81. [PMID: 34967935 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiovascular dysfunction, known as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which could be an autonomous disease independent of concomitant micro and macrovascular disorders. DCM is one of the prominent causes of global morbidity and mortality and is on a rising trend with the increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). DCM is characterized by an early left ventricle diastolic dysfunction associated with the slow progression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy leading to heart failure, which still has no effective therapy. Although the well-known "Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)" inhibition is considered a gold-standard treatment in heart failure, its role in DCM is still unclear. At the cellular level of DCM, RAAS induces various secondary mechanisms, adding complications to poor prognosis and treatment of DCM. This review highlights the importance of RAAS signaling and its major secondary mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy, their role in establishing DCM. In addition, studies lacking in the specific area of DCM are also highlighted. Therefore, understanding the complex role of RAAS in DCM may lead to the identification of better prognosis and therapeutic strategies in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Huseyin C Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Al-Tarfa, 2371, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sundararajan Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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15
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Angiotensin II inhibition: a potential treatment to slow the progression of sarcopenia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2503-2520. [PMID: 34751393 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. The etiology of sarcopenia has been postulated to be multifactorial with genetics, aging, immobility, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, stress, and endocrine factors all contributing to the imbalance of muscle anabolism and catabolism. The prevalence of sarcopenia is estimated to range from 13 to 24% in adults over 60 years of age and up to 50% in persons aged 80 and older. As the population continues to age, the prevalence of sarcopenia continues to increase and is expected to affect 500 million people by the year 2050. Sarcopenia impacts the overall health of patients through limitations in functional status, increase in hospital readmissions, poorer hospital outcomes, and increase in overall mortality. Thus, there exists a need to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms and current studies regarding angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on reducing the development of sarcopenia through the associated changes in cardiovascular function, renal function, muscle fiber composition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic efficiency, and mitochondrial function.
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16
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Takeda S, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Enomoto M, Fujimoto Y, Murata K, Takaya H, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Potentiate the Protective Effect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Cirrhotic Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100526. [PMID: 34687151 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigated the combined effect of the angiotensin II (AT-II) receptor blocker losartan and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with cirrhosis and steatohepatitis. METHOD AND RESULTS Fischer 344 rats are fed a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 12 weeks and treated with oral losartan (30 mg kg-1 day-1 ) and/or BCAAs (Aminoleban EN, 2500 mg kg-1 day-1 ). Treatment with losartan and BCAAs attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and improved skeletal muscle atrophy and strength in CDAA-fed rats. Both agents reduced intramuscular myostatin and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, resulting in inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) through interference with the SMAD and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways, respectively. Losartan also augmented the BCAA-mediated increase of skeletal muscle mass by promoting insulin growth factor-I production and mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, losartan decreased the intramuscular expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a transcriptional inducer of E3 ubiquitin ligase regulated by AT-II. In vitro assays illustrated that losartan promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and reduced TFEB expression in AT-II-stimulated rat myocytes, thereby potentiating the inhibitory effects of BCAAs on the UPS and caspase-3 cleavage. CONCLUSION These results indicate that this regimen could serve as a novel treatment for patients with sarcopenia and liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Masahide Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koji Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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Dieckol Reduces Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Angiotensin Type II Type 1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101561. [PMID: 34679696 PMCID: PMC8533257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system is involved in the development of hypertension and sarcopenia. Increased levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) lead to upregulation of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), which results in increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox). Increased ROS led to increased helper T17 (Th17) and decreased regulatory T (Treg) cells through HIF-1α. Increased Th17 secretes more IL-17, leading to increased NF-κB and muscle atrophy. We evaluated the effect of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) and dieckol (DK) on attenuating muscle atrophy by decreasing AT1R and NOX activity in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). The serum levels of Ang II and expression of AT1R in the muscle were higher in SHRs than in normotensive animals of Wistar-Kyoto rats (2.4 and 1.8 times higher than WKY, respectively). The expression of AT1R decreased by ECE or DK (0.62 and 0.84 times lower than SHR, respectively). In SHRs, the expression of Nox 1, 2, and 4 were increased (1.2-1.15 times higher than WKY) but were decreased by the administration of ECE (0.8-0.9 times lower than SHR) or DK (0.7-0.9 times lower than SHR). The Nox activity was increased in SHRs (2.3 times more than WKY) and it was decreased by ECE (0.9 times lower than SHRs) and DK (0.9 times lower than SHRs). The expression of HIF-1α, a marker of Th17 (RORγt), and cytokine secreted by Th17 (IL-17) was increased in SHRs and was decreased by ECE or DK. The marker of Treg (Foxp3) and cytokine secreted from Treg cells (IL-10) was decreased in SHRs and was increased by ECE or DK. The expression of NF-κB/IL-1β/TNF-α and MuRF-1/MAFbx/atrogin-1 was increased in SHRs and these were decreased by ECE or DK. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber was decreased in SHRs (0.7 times lower than WKY) and was increased by ECE (1.3 times greater than SHR) or DK (1.5 times greater than SHR). In conclusion, ECE or DK leads to a decreased expression of AT1R and Nox activity which modulates Th17/Treg balance and consequently, decreased muscle atrophy.
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18
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Chen J, Zhou X, Jia H, Wu Z. Serine Supplementation Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Damage in Skeletal Muscle of Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727093. [PMID: 34566689 PMCID: PMC8458867 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness affects physical activity and quality of life of patients. Serine, a nutritionally non-essential amino acid has been reported to enhance protein synthesis and implicate in biosynthesis of multiple bioactive molecules. It remains unknown whether it can protect mice against oxidative stress-induced muscles weakness. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that serine administration alleviates doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of mice. Mice pre-treated with or without serine were intraperitoneally injected with either doxorubicin or equal volume of saline. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, activity of antioxidant enzymes, oxidation product of protein, DNA, and lipid, activity of mitochondrial complex, and protein level of nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/constitutive-androstane-receptor (CAR) signaling in skeletal muscle of mice were determined. Compared with the control, doxorubicin exposure led to oxidative damage as shown by increased ROS accumulation, decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced oxidative product of protein, DNA, and lipid in the skeletal muscle of mice. These effects of doxorubicin were associated with increased activity of complex I and reduced glutathione. Interestingly, doxorubicin-induced oxidative damage was alleviated by serine administration. Further study showed that the beneficial effect of serine was associated with enhanced NRF2/CAR signaling. Our result showed that serine attenuated doxorubicin-induced muscle weakness in mice. Serine supplementation might be a nutritional strategy to improve the function of skeletal muscle in patients exposed to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hai Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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Withaar C, Lam CSP, Schiattarella GG, de Boer RA, Meems LMG. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in humans and mice: embracing clinical complexity in mouse models. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4420-4430. [PMID: 34414416 PMCID: PMC8599003 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial disease accounting for a large and increasing proportion of all clinical HF presentations. As a clinical syndrome, HFpEF is characterized by typical signs and symptoms of HF, a distinct cardiac phenotype and raised natriuretic peptides. Non-cardiac comorbidities frequently co-exist and contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. To date, no therapy has proven to improve outcomes in HFpEF, with drug development hampered, at least partly, by lack of consensus on appropriate standards for pre-clinical HFpEF models. Recently, two clinical algorithms (HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores) have been developed to improve and standardize the diagnosis of HFpEF. In this review, we evaluate the translational utility of HFpEF mouse models in the context of these HFpEF scores. We systematically recorded evidence of symptoms and signs of HF or clinical HFpEF features and included several cardiac and extra-cardiac parameters as well as age and sex for each HFpEF mouse model. We found that most of the pre-clinical HFpEF models do not meet the HFpEF clinical criteria, although some multifactorial models resemble human HFpEF to a reasonable extent. We therefore conclude that to optimize the translational value of mouse models to human HFpEF, a novel approach for the development of pre-clinical HFpEF models is needed, taking into account the complex HFpEF pathophysiology in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coenraad Withaar
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.,National University Heart Centre, Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M G Meems
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Thomas J, Smith H, Smith CA, Coward L, Gorman G, De Luca M, Jumbo-Lucioni P. The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Lisinopril Mitigates Memory and Motor Deficits in a Drosophila Model of Alzheimer's Disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:307-319. [PMID: 35366264 PMCID: PMC8830455 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) has been reported to reduce symptoms of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Yet, the protective role of ACEis against AD symptoms is still controversial. Here, we aimed at determining whether oral treatment with the ACEi lisinopril has beneficial effects on cognitive and physical functions in a Drosophila melanogaster model of AD that overexpresses the human amyloid precursor protein and the human β-site APP-cleaving enzyme in neurons. We found a significant impairment in learning and memory as well as in climbing ability in young AD flies compared to control flies. After evaluation of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, we also found that AD flies displayed a >30-fold increase in the levels of the neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in their heads. Furthermore, compared to control flies, AD flies had significantly higher levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide in their muscle-enriched thoraces. Lisinopril significantly improved deficits in learning and memory and climbing ability in AD flies. The positive impact of lisinopril on physical function might be, in part, explained by a significant reduction in ROS levels in the thoraces of the lisinopril-fed AD flies. However, lisinopril did not affect the levels of 3-HK. In conclusion, our findings provide novel and relevant insights into the therapeutic potential of ACEis in a preclinical AD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimiece Thomas
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (J.T.); (H.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Haddon Smith
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (J.T.); (H.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - C. Aaron Smith
- McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (J.T.); (H.S.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Lori Coward
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (L.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Gregory Gorman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (L.C.); (G.G.)
- Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
| | - Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Patricia Jumbo-Lucioni
- Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Awad AS, Nour El-Din M, Kamel R. CoQ10 augments candesartan protective effect against tourniquet-induced hind limb ischemia-reperfusion: Involvement of non-classical RAS and ROS pathways. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:724-733. [PMID: 34400868 PMCID: PMC8347674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourniquet is a well-established model of hind limb ischemia–reperfusion (HLI/R) in rats. Nevertheless, measures should be taken to alleviate the expected injury from ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R). In the present study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): control, HLI/R, HLI/R given candesartan (1 mg/kg, P.O); HLI/R given Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) (10 mg/kg, P.O); HLI/R given candesartan (0.5 mg/kg) and CoQ10 (5 mg/kg). The drugs were administered for 7 days starting one hour after reperfusion. Candesartan and CoQ10 as well as their combination suppressed gastrocnemius content of angiotensin II while they raised angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, angiotensin (1–7) expression, and Mas receptor mRNA level. Consequently, candesartan and/or CoQ10 reversed the oxidative stress and inflammatory changes that occurred following HLI/R as demonstrated by the rise of SOD activity and the decline of MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 skeletal muscle content. Additionally, candesartan and/or CoQ10 diminished gastrocnemius active caspase-3 level and phospho-p38 MAPK protein expression. Our study proved that CoQ10 enhanced the beneficial effect of candesartan in a model of tourniquet-induced HLI/R by affecting classical and non-classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the impact of CoQ10 on skeletal muscle RAS in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Nasr City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nour El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure (HF) is a structural or functional cardiac abnormality which leads to failure of the heart to deliver oxygen commensurately with the requirements of the tissues and it may progress to a generalized wasting of skeletal muscle, fat tissue, and bone tissue (cardiac cachexia). Clinically, dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance are some typical signs and symptoms that characterize HF patients. This review focused on the phenotypic characteristics of HF-induced skeletal myopathy as well as the mechanisms of muscle wasting due to HF and highlighted possible therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle wasting in HF. RECENT FINDINGS The impaired exercise capacity of those patients is not attributed to the reduced blood flow in the exercising muscles, but rather to abnormal metabolic responses, myocyte apoptosis and atrophy of skeletal muscle. Specifically, the development of skeletal muscle wasting in chronic HF is characterized by structural, metabolic, and functional abnormalities in skeletal muscle and may be a result not only of reduced physical activity, but also of metabolic or hormonal derangements that favour catabolism over anabolism. In particular, abnormal energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, transition of myofibers from type I to type II, muscle atrophy, and reduction in muscular strength are included in skeletal muscle abnormalities which play a central role in the decreased exercise capacity of HF patients. Skeletal muscle alterations and exercise intolerance observed in HF are reversible by exercise training, since it is the only demonstrated intervention able to improve skeletal muscle metabolism, growth factor activity, and functional capacity and to reverse peripheral abnormalities.
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23
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Yoshihara T, Deminice R, Hyatt HW, Ozdemir M, Nguyen BL, Powers SK. Angiotensin 1-7 protects against ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1512-1523. [PMID: 33742769 PMCID: PMC8301547 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life‐saving instrument used to provide ventilatory support for critically ill patients and patients undergoing surgery. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of prolonged MV is the development of inspiratory weakness due to both diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction; this syndrome is labeled ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). VIDD is clinically important because diaphragmatic weakness is an important contributor to problems in weaning patients from MV. Investigations into the pathogenesis of VIDD reveal that oxidative stress is essential for the rapid development of VIDD as redox disturbances in diaphragm fibers promote accelerated proteolysis. Currently, no standard treatment exists to prevent VIDD and, therefore, developing a strategy to avert VIDD is vital. Guided by evidence indicating that activation of the classical axis of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in diaphragm fibers promotes oxidative stress and VIDD, we hypothesized that activation of the nonclassical RAS signaling pathway via angiotensin 1‐7 (Ang1‐7) will protect against VIDD. Using an established animal model of prolonged MV, our results disclose that infusion of Ang1‐7 protects the diaphragm against MV‐induced contractile dysfunction and fiber atrophy in both fast and slow muscle fibers. Further, Ang1‐7 shielded diaphragm fibers against MV‐induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and protease activation. Collectively, these results reveal that treatment with Ang1‐7 protects against VIDD, in part, due to diminishing oxidative stress and protease activation. These important findings provide robust evidence that Ang1‐7 has the therapeutic potential to protect against VIDD by preventing MV‐induced contractile dysfunction and atrophy of both slow and fast muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Japan
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Hayden W Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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24
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Saarti M, Almukhtar H, Smith PA, Roberts RE. Effect of mitochondrial complex III inhibitors on the regulation of vascular tone in porcine coronary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173917. [PMID: 33529727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to gain insight into the regulation of vascular tone by mitochondria, the effects of mitochondrial complex III inhibitors on contractile responses in porcine isolated coronary arteries were investigated. Segments of porcine coronary arteries were set up for isometric tension recording and concentration response curves to contractile agents were carried out in the absence or presence of the complex III inhibitors antimycin A or myxothiazol. Activity of AMP kinase was determined by measuring changes in phosphorylation of AMP kinase at Thr172. Pre-incubation with 10 μM antimycin A (Qi site inhibitor), or myxothiazol (Qo site inhibitor) led to inhibition of the contraction to the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619. Similar effects were seen on contractile responses to extracellular calcium, and the L-type calcium channel opener BAY K 8644, suggesting that both antimycin A and myxothiazol inhibit calcium-dependent contractions. The inhibitory effect of antimycin A was still seen in the absence of extracellular calcium, indicating an additional effect on a calcium independent pathway. The AMP kinase inhibitor dorsomorphin (10 μM) prevented the inhibitory of antimycin A but not myxothiazol. Furthermore, antimycin A increased the phosphorylation of AMP kinase, indicating an increase in activity, suggesting that antimycin A also acts through this pathway. These data indicate that inhibition of complex III attenuates contractile responses through inhibition of calcium influx. However, inhibition of the Qi site can also inhibit the contractile response through activation of AMP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saarti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Hani Almukhtar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Paul A Smith
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Richard E Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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25
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Hord JM, Garcia MM, Farris KR, Guzzoni V, Lee Y, Lawler MS, Lawler JM. Nox2 signaling and muscle fiber remodeling are attenuated by losartan administration during skeletal muscle unloading. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14606. [PMID: 33400850 PMCID: PMC7785102 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced mechanical loading results in atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are causal in sarcolemmal dislocation of nNOS and FoxO3a activation. The Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase and mitochondria release ROS during disuse in skeletal muscle. Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) can elicit Nox2 complex formation. The AT1R blocker losartan was used to test the hypothesis that AT1R activation drives Nox2 assembly, nNOS dislocation, FoxO3a activation, and thus alterations in morphology in the unloaded rat soleus. Male Fischer 344 rats were divided into four groups: ambulatory control (CON), ambulatory + losartan (40 mg kg-1 day-1 ) (CONL), 7 days of tail-traction hindlimb unloading (HU), and HU + losartan (HUL). Losartan attenuated unloading-induced loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber-type shift. Losartan mitigated unloading-induced elevation of ROS levels and upregulation of Nox2. Furthermore, AT1R blockade abrogated nNOS dislocation away from the sarcolemma and elevation of nuclear FoxO3a. We conclude that AT1R blockade attenuates disuse remodeling by inhibiting Nox2, thereby lessening nNOS dislocation and activation of FoxO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Hord
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marcela M Garcia
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Katherine R Farris
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vinicius Guzzoni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Yang Lee
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station/Temple, TX, USA
| | - Matthew S Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John M Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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26
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Yano T, Katano S, Kouzu H, Nagaoka R, Inoue T, Takamura Y, Ishigo T, Watanabe A, Ohori K, Koyama M, Nagano N, Fujito T, Nishikawa R, Hashimoto A, Miura T. Distinct determinants of muscle wasting in nonobese heart failure patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes 2021; 13:7-18. [PMID: 32677311 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting, that is, reduction in muscle mass, is frequently observed in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS We retrospectively examined 185 patients with CHF (median age of 71 years [interquartile range, 61-78 years]; 64% male) who received a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan for assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI). RESULTS Seventy patients with CHF (38%) had DM. Patients with DM had higher prevalences of ischemic heart disease and hypertension, lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ASMI, and higher levels of plasma renin activity (PRA) than did patients without DM. In simple regression analyses, ASMI was positively correlated with the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) score and levels of hemoglobin, eGFR, and fasting plasma insulin and was negatively correlated with levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, PRA, and cortisol. In multiple linear regression analyses, age, MNA-SF score, DM, fasting plasma insulin level, and PRA were independently associated with ASMI. When multiple linear regression analyses were separately performed in a non-DM group and a DM group, MNA-SF score and fasting plasma insulin level were independent variables for ASMI in both groups. PRA was independently associated with ASMI in the DM group but not in the non-DM group, whereas cortisol concentration was independently associated with ASMI only in the non-DM group. CONCLUSIONS In addition to malnutrition and reduction in plasma insulin, renin-angiotensin system activation may be responsible for the development of muscle wasting in CHF patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katano
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Kouzu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nagaoka
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuya Inoue
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takamura
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ishigo
- Division of Hospital Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Watanabe
- Division of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ohori
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Nagano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Fujito
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Health Care Administration and Management, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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27
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Li J, Yang T, Sha Z, Tang H, Hua X, Wang L, Wang Z, Gao Z, Sluijter JPG, Rowe GC, Das S, Yang L, Xiao J. Angiotensin II-induced muscle atrophy via PPARγ suppression is mediated by miR-29b. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:743-756. [PMID: 33614226 PMCID: PMC7868689 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) induced by increased angiotensin II (AngII) levels has been implicated in muscle atrophy, which is involved in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation can suppress RAS, the exact role of PPARγ in AngII-induced muscle atrophy is unclear. Here we identified PPARγ as a negative regulator of miR-29b, a microRNA that is able to promote multiple types of muscle atrophy. Suppression of miR-29b could prevent AngII-induced muscle atrophy both in vitro and in vivo. IGF1, PI3K(p85α), and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were identified as target genes of miR-29b, and overexpression of these targets could rescue AngII-induced muscle atrophy. Importantly, inhibition of PPARγ was sufficient to induce muscle atrophy, while PPARγ overexpression could attenuate that. These data indicate that the PPARγ/miR-29b axis mediates AngII-induced muscle atrophy, and increasing PPARγ or inhibiting miR-29b represents a promising approach to counteract AngII-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhao Sha
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifei Tang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuejiao Hua
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3508GA, the Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508GA, the Netherlands
| | - Glenn C Rowe
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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28
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Knapp F, Niemann B, Li L, Molenda N, Kracht M, Schulz R, Rohrbach S. Differential effects of right and left heart failure on skeletal muscle in rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1830-1849. [PMID: 32985798 PMCID: PMC7749622 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is a cardinal symptom in right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) failure. The underlying skeletal muscle contributes to increased morbidity in patients. Here, we compared skeletal muscle sarcopenia in a novel two-stage model of RV failure to an established model of LV failure. METHODS Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) or aortic banding (AOB) was performed in weanling rats, inducing a transition from compensated cardiac hypertrophy (after 7 weeks) to heart failure (after 22-26 weeks). Cardiac function was characterized by echocardiography. Skeletal muscle catabolic/anabolic balance and energy metabolism were analysed by histological and biochemical methods, real-time PCR, and western blot. RESULTS Two clearly distinguishable stages of left or right heart disease with a comparable severity were reached. However, skeletal muscle impairment was significantly more pronounced in LV failure. While the compensatory stage resulted only in minor changes, soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of AOB rats at the decompensated stage demonstrated reduced weight and fibre diameter, higher proteasome activity and expression of the muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases muscle-specific RING finger 1 and atrogin-1, increased expression of the atrophy marker myostatin, increased autophagy activation, and impaired mitochondrial function and respiratory chain gene expression. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscle of PAB rats did not show significant changes in muscle weight and proteasome or autophagy activation, but mitochondrial function was mildly impaired as well. The diaphragm did not demonstrate differences in any model or disease stage except for myostatin expression, which was altered at the decompensated stage in both models. Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and angiotensin II were strongly increased at the decompensated stage (AOB > > PAB). Soleus and gastrocnemius muscle itself demonstrated an increase in IL-6 expression independent from blood-derived cytokines only in AOB animals. In vitro experiments in rat skeletal muscle cells suggested a direct impact of IL-6 and angiotensin II on distinctive atrophic changes. CONCLUSIONS Manifold skeletal muscle alterations are more pronounced in LV failure compared with RV failure despite a similar ventricular impairment. Most of the catabolic changes were observed in soleus or gastrocnemius muscle rather than in the constantly active diaphragm. Mitochondrial dysfunction and up-regulation of myostatin were identified as the earliest signs of skeletal muscle impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Knapp
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- Department of Adult and Pediatric Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Molenda
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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29
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Zheng J, Gao J, Zhang Q, Wu X, Shen W, Sun M. Sirtuin 3 deficiency accelerates Angiotensin II-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:586-593. [PMID: 31340681 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1648443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: It has been reported that Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an NAD-dependent deacetylase, plays a central role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. This work aims to determine the role of SIRT3-mediated cellular metabolism in skeletal muscle wasting. Methods and Results: Eight-week-old male wild-type (WT) and SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3 KO) mice were infused with Ang II or saline for 4 weeks. Ang II induces skeletal muscle atrophy by inducing expression of the muscle-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle RING-finger-1 (MuRF1) and atrogin-1, accompanied by a reduction in SIRT3 in skeletal muscle. SIRT3 deficiency accelerated Ang II-induced loss of lean mass and protein hyper-acetylation, while the activities of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes, such as complex I and complex V, were significantly decreased. Furthermore, SIRT3 deficiency accelerated the Ang II-induced shift from slow-twitch towards fast-twitch fibres. Similarly, the three major rate-limiting enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase-1(PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), were upregulated in Ang II-treated SIRT3 KO mice. Conclusion: These studies indicate that SIRT3 deficiency augmented Ang II-induced fibre-type shifting and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of State General Administration of Sport, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science , Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State General Administration of Sport, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiahong Wu
- Key Laboratory of State General Administration of Sport, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science , Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of State General Administration of Sport, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science , Shanghai, China
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30
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Yang W, Huang J, Wu H, Wang Y, Du Z, Ling Y, Wang W, Wu Q, Gao W. Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia‑induced muscle atrophy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4967-4980. [PMID: 33174001 PMCID: PMC7646947 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a severe clinical problem involving the loss of muscle mass and strength that frequently accompanies the development of numerous types of cancer, including pancreatic, lung and gastric cancers. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a continuous decline in skeletal muscle mass that cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional therapy. The pathophysiological characteristic of cancer cachexia is a negative protein and energy balance caused by a combination of factors, including reduced food intake and metabolic abnormalities. Numerous necessary cellular processes are disrupted by the presence of abnormal metabolites, which mediate several intracellular signaling pathways and result in the net loss of cytoplasm and organelles in atrophic skeletal muscle during various states of cancer cachexia. Currently, the clinical morbidity and mortality rates of patients with cancer cachexia are high. Once a patient enters the cachexia phase, the consequences are difficult to reverse and the treatment methods for cancer cachexia are very limited. The present review aimed to summarize the recent discoveries regarding the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy and provided novel ideas for the comprehensive treatment to improve the prognosis of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbo Ling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Weizhuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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31
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Fedintsev A, Moskalev A. Stochastic non-enzymatic modification of long-lived macromolecules - A missing hallmark of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101097. [PMID: 32540391 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Damage accumulation in long-living macromolecules (especially extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins, and histones) is a missing hallmark of aging. Stochastic non-enzymatic modifications of ECM trigger cellular senescence as well as many other hallmarks of aging affect organ barriers integrity and drive tissue fibrosis. The importance of it for aging makes it a key target for interventions. The most promising of them can be AGE inhibitors (chelators, O-acetyl group or transglycating activity compounds, amadorins and amadoriases), glucosepane breakers, stimulators of elastogenesis, and RAGE antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fedintsev
- Institute of Biology of FRC of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biology of FRC of Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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32
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Ogawa A, Shimizu K, Nakagami T, Maruoka H, Shirai K. Physical Function and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Elderly Heart Failure Patients. Int Heart J 2020; 61:769-775. [PMID: 32684606 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The number of heart failure patients is increasing rapidly in Japan because of its large elderly population. As age increases, arterial stiffness and physical dysfunction progress. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the physical function and arterial stiffness in elderly heart failure patients.This retrospective, observational study includes data from 100 heart failure patients aged ≥ 65 years who were admitted to our hospital and underwent cardiac rehabilitation. The Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) was measured as an indicator of arterial stiffness. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. To determine the degree of physical function, we assessed handgrip strength, five-meter walk speed (5MWS), five-repetition sit-to-stand time (5RSST) and six-minute walk distance (6MWD). Sarcopenia was defined using Asian guidelines based on physical function and body composition.Among 100 patients, 47.0% of patients had sarcopenia. After adjustments for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic cardiomyopathy, CAVI was significantly higher in with sarcopenia patients than those without sarcopenia. Age, handgrip strength, 5MWS, 5RSST, and 6MWD were associated with CAVI, and 6MWD was as an independent determinant factor of CAVI.6MWD was recognized as an accurate physical function indicator. These findings suggested that physical function and arterial stiffness complement each other. To restore cardiac dysfunction, improving both arterial stiffness and physical function might be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ogawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University.,Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University
| | - Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University
| | - Takahiro Nakagami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University
| | - Hiroshi Maruoka
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University
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33
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Sfera A, Osorio C, Jafri N, Diaz EL, Campo Maldonado JE. Intoxication With Endogenous Angiotensin II: A COVID-19 Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1472. [PMID: 32655579 PMCID: PMC7325923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the globe. However, despite its high pathogenicity and transmissibility, the severity of the associated disease, COVID-19, varies widely. While the prognosis is favorable in most patients, critical illness, manifested by respiratory distress, thromboembolism, shock, and multi-organ failure, has been reported in about 5% of cases. Several studies have associated poor COVID-19 outcomes with the exhaustion of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, lymphopenia, and elevated serum levels of D-dimer. In this article, we propose a common pathophysiological denominator for these negative prognostic markers, endogenous, angiotensin II toxicity. We hypothesize that, like in avian influenza, the outlook of COVID-19 is negatively correlated with the intracellular accumulation of angiotensin II promoted by the viral blockade of its degrading enzyme receptors. In this model, upregulated angiotensin II causes premature vascular senescence, leading to dysfunctional coagulation, and immunity. We further hypothesize that angiotensin II blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be salutary for COVID-19 patients with critical illness by reversing both the clotting and immune defects (Graphical Abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Lee Diaz
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Jose E Campo Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
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Takada S, Sabe H, Kinugawa S. Abnormalities of Skeletal Muscle, Adipocyte Tissue, and Lipid Metabolism in Heart Failure: Practical Therapeutic Targets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:79. [PMID: 32478098 PMCID: PMC7235191 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including heart failure (HF), are often accompanied with skeletal muscle abnormalities in both quality and quantity, which are the major cause of impairment of the activities of daily living and quality of life. We have shown that skeletal muscle abnormalities are a hallmark of HF, in which metabolic pathways involving phosphocreatine and fatty acids are largely affected. Not only in HF, but the dysfunction of fatty acid metabolism may also occur in many chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, as well as through insufficient physical exercise. Decreased fatty acid catabolism affects adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in mitochondria, via decreased activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle; and may cause abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue accompanied with hyperoxidation and ectopic lipid deposition. Such impairments of lipid metabolism are in turn detrimental to skeletal muscle, which is hence a chicken-and-egg problem between skeletal muscle and HF. In this review, we first discuss skeletal muscle abnormalities in HF, including sarcopenia; particularly their association with lipid metabolism and adipose tissue. On the other hand, the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming and dysfunction are beginning to be understood, and an imbalance of daily nutritional intake of individuals has been found to be a causative factor for the development and worsening of HF. Physical exercise has long been known to be beneficial for the prevention and even treatment of HF. Again, the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes skeletal muscle as well as cardiac muscle functions are being clarified by recent studies. We propose that it is now the time to develop more “natural” methods to prevent and treat HF, rather than merely relying on drugs and medical interventions. Further analysis of the basic design of and molecular mechanisms involved in the human body, particularly the inextricable association between physical exercise and the integrity and functional plasticity of skeletal and cardiac muscles is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takada
- Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Department of Sports Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Mocayar Marón FJ, Ferder L, Reiter RJ, Manucha W. Daily and seasonal mitochondrial protection: Unraveling common possible mechanisms involving vitamin D and melatonin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105595. [PMID: 31954766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From an evolutionary point of view, vitamin D and melatonin appeared very early and share functions related to defense mechanisms. In the current clinical setting, vitamin D is exclusively associated with phosphocalcic metabolism. Meanwhile, melatonin has chronobiological effects and influences the sleep-wake cycle. Scientific evidence, however, has identified new actions of both molecules in different physiological and pathological settings. The biosynthetic pathways of vitamin D and melatonin are inversely related relative to sun exposure. A deficiency of these molecules has been associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, sleep disorders, kidney diseases, cancer, psychiatric disorders, bone diseases, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, among others. During aging, the intake and cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, as well as the endogenous synthesis of melatonin are remarkably depleted, therefore, producing a state characterized by an increase of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Both molecules are involved in the homeostatic functioning of the mitochondria. Given the presence of specific receptors in the organelle, the antagonism of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the decrease of reactive species of oxygen (ROS), in conjunction with modifications in autophagy and apoptosis, anti-inflammatory properties inter alia, mitochondria emerge as the final common target for melatonin and vitamin D. The primary purpose of this review is to elucidate the common molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D and melatonin might share a synergistic effect in the protection of proper mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feres José Mocayar Marón
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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Kakutani N, Takada S, Nambu H, Matsumoto J, Furihata T, Yokota T, Fukushima A, Kinugawa S. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor prevents skeletal muscle fibrosis in myocardial infarction mice. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:11. [PMID: 32334642 PMCID: PMC7183133 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-Smad2/3 is the major signaling pathway of fibrosis, which is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagen. Although the ECM is an essential component of skeletal muscle, fibrosis may be harmful to muscle function. On the other hand, our previous studies have shown that levels of angiotensin II, which acts upstream of TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling, is increased in mice with myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we found higher skeletal muscle fibrosis in MI mice compared with control mice, and we investigated the mechanisms involved therein. Moreover, we administered an inhibitor based on the above mechanism and investigated its preventive effects on skeletal muscle fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice with MI were created, and sham-operated mice were used as controls. The time course of skeletal muscle fibrosis post-MI was analyzed by picrosirius-red staining (days 1, 3, 7, and 14). Mice were then divided into 3 groups: sham + vehicle (Sham + Veh), MI + Veh, and MI + lisinopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitor, 20 mg/kg body weight/day in drinking water; MI + Lis). Lis or Veh was administered from immediately after the surgery to 14 days postsurgery. RESULTS Skeletal muscle fibrosis was significantly increased in MI mice compared with sham mice from 3 to 14 days postsurgery. Although mortality was lower in the MI + Lis mice than the MI + Veh mice, there was no difference in cardiac function between the 2 groups at 14 days. Skeletal muscle fibrosis and hydroxyproline (a key marker of collagen content) were significantly increased in MI + Veh mice compared with the Sham + Veh mice. Consistent with these results, protein expression of TGF-β and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in the skeletal muscle during the early time points after surgery (days 1-7 postsurgery) and blood angiotensin II at 14 days postsurgery was increased in MI mice compared with sham mice. These impairments were improved in MI + Lis mice, without any effects on spontaneous physical activity, muscle strength, muscle weight, and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS ACE inhibitor administration prevents increased skeletal muscle fibrosis during the early phase after MI. Our findings indicate a new therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kakutani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Department of Sports Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan.
| | - Hideo Nambu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takaaki Furihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Yamanashi K, Kinugawa S, Fukushima A, Kakutani N, Takada S, Obata Y, Nakano I, Yokota T, Kitaura Y, Shimomura Y, Anzai T. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation ameliorates angiotensin II-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Life Sci 2020; 250:117593. [PMID: 32234320 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sarcopenia is characterized by muscle mass and strength loss and reduced physical activity. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were recently described as an activator of protein synthesis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling for muscle atrophy. In cardiovascular diseases, excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system may induce an imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation, and this plays a crucial role in muscle atrophy. We investigated the effects of BCAAs on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced muscle atrophy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We administered Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) or vehicle to 10-12-week-old male C57BL/6J mice via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks with or without BCAA supplementation (3% BCAA in tap water). KEY FINDINGS The skeletal muscle weight/tibial length and cross-sectional area were smaller in the Ang II mice than the vehicle mice; these changes were induced by an imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation signaling such as Akt/mTOR and MuRF-1/Atrogin-1. Compared to the Ang II mice, the mTOR signaling was significantly activated and Ang II-induced muscle atrophy was ameliorated in the Ang II + BCAA mice, and this attenuated the reduction of exercise capacity. Notably, the decrease of muscle weight/tibial length in the fast-twitch dominant muscles (e.g., the extensor digitorum longus) was significantly ameliorated compared to that in the slow-twitch dominant muscles (e.g., soleus). Histologically, the effect of BCAA was larger in fast-twitch than slow-twitch fibers, which may be related to the difference in BCAA catabolism. SIGNIFICANCE BCAA supplementation could contribute to the prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuma Yamanashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan.
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Naoya Kakutani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan; Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Department of Sports Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu 0698511, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Obata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Ippei Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kitaura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Shimomura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0608638, Japan
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38
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Read E, Fu M, Pei Y, Wu L, Wang R, Yang G. Golgi Stress Response, Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism, and Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:583-601. [PMID: 31870162 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The physiological and pathological importance of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a novel gasotransmitter has been widely recognized. Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) is one of the major H2S-producing enzymes and it regulates diverse functions in connection with intracellular calcium (Ca2+). The aim of this study is to examine the role of H2S in Golgi stress-related cell injury and skeletal muscle disorders. Results: Golgi stressors (brefeldin A [BFA] and monensin) decreased the expression of GM130 and ATP2C1 (two markers of Golgi stress response), induced Golgi apparatus fragmentation, and caused a higher level of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in mouse myoblast cells. In addition, Golgi stressors upregulated CSE expression and endogenous H2S generation, and exogenously applied H2S was able to protect but inhibition of CSE/H2S system deteriorated Golgi stress response. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) acted as an upstream molecule to increase CSE expression on Golgi stress response. Mechanically, Golgi stressors induced intracellular level of Ca2+, and chelating cellular Ca2+ markedly attenuated Golgi stress response, indicating the key role of Ca2+ in initiating Golgi stress and cell apoptosis. Further, administration of either angiotensin II or BFA initiated Golgi stress response and induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice, which was further deteriorated by CSE deficiency but rescued by exogenously applied sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Innovation and Conclusion: The activation of the CSE/H2S pathway and the decrease of intracellular Ca2+ are two cellular protective mechanisms against Golgi stress, and the CSE/H2S system would be a target for preventing skeletal muscle dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Ethan Read
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Ming Fu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Yanxi Pei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Kadoguchi T, Shimada K, Miyazaki T, Kitamura K, Kunimoto M, Aikawa T, Sugita Y, Ouchi S, Shiozawa T, Yokoyama‐Nishitani M, Fukao K, Miyosawa K, Isoda K, Daida H. Promotion of oxidative stress is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle atrophy in aging mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:78-84. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Sportology CenterJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Sportology CenterJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitamura
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kunimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuro Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yurina Sugita
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shohei Ouchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Miho Yokoyama‐Nishitani
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo University Chiba Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Miyosawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kikuo Isoda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Sportology CenterJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Faculty of Health ScienceJuntendo University Tokyo Japan
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40
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Maslov MY, Foianini S, Mayer D, Orlov MV, Lovich MA. Interaction Between Sacubitril and Valsartan in Preventing Heart Failure Induced by Aortic Valve Insufficiency in Rats. J Card Fail 2019; 25:921-931. [PMID: 31539619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synergistic interactions between neprilysin inhibition (NEPi) with sacubitril and angiotensin receptor type1 blockade (ARB) with valsartan have been implicated in improvement of left ventricular (LV) contractility, relaxation, exercise tolerance, and fibrosis in preexisting heart failure (HF) induced by aortic valve insufficiency (AVI). It is not known whether this pharmacologic synergy can prevent cardiovascular pathology in a similar AVI model. Our aim was to investigate the pharmacology of sacubitril/valsartan in an experimental setting with therapy beginning immediately after creation of AVI. METHODS HF was induced through partial disruption of the aortic valve in rats. Therapy began 3 hours after valve disruption and lasted 8 weeks. Sacubitril/valsartan (68 mg/kg), valsartan (31 mg/kg), sacubitril (31 mg/kg), or vehicle were administered daily via oral gavage (N=8 in each group). Hemodynamic assessments were conducted using Millar technology, and an exercise tolerance test was conducted using a rodent treadmill. RESULTS Only sacubitril/valsartan increased total arterial compliance and ejection fraction (EF). Therapies with sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan similarly improved load-dependent (dP/dtmax) and load independent indices (Ees) of LV contractility, and exercise tolerance, whereas sacubitril did not. None of the therapies improved LV relaxation (dP/dtmin), whereas all reduced myocardial fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS 1) The synergistic interaction between NEPi and ARB in early therapy with sacubitril/valsartan leads to increased total arterial compliance and EF. 2) Improvement in indices of LV contractility, and exercise tolerance with sacubitril/valsartan is likely because of ARB effect of valsartan. 3) All three therapies provided antifibrotic effects, suggesting both ARB and NEPi are capable of reducing myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Maslov
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Stephan Foianini
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dita Mayer
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael V Orlov
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Lovich
- Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Winslow MA, Hall SE. Muscle wasting: A review of exercise, classical and non-classical RAS axes. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5836-5845. [PMID: 31273946 PMCID: PMC6714228 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review identifies how the classical/non‐classical renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and exercise influence muscle wasting. The classical RAS axis enhances muscle loss through the interaction with NADPH oxidase (NOX), ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), protein synthesis and fibrosis pathways. The mainstream hypothesis identifies reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the key pathway in muscle, this review recognizes alternative pathways that lead to an increase in muscle wasting through the classical RAS axis. In addition, pathways in which the non‐classical RAS axis and exercise inhibit the classical RAS axis are also explored. The non‐classical RAS axis and exercise have a significant negative impact on ROS production and protein synthesis. The non‐classical RAS axis has been identified in this review to directly affect protein synthesis pathways not by altering the pre‐existing intracellular ROS level, further supporting the idea that muscle wasting caused by the classical RAS system is not entirely due to ROS production. Exercise has been identified to modify the RAS axes making it a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Winslow
- Department of Kinesiology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho
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42
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Maslov MY, Foianini S, Mayer D, Orlov MV, Lovich MA. Synergy between sacubitril and valsartan leads to hemodynamic, antifibrotic, and exercise tolerance benefits in rats with preexisting heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H289-H297. [PMID: 30461302 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00579.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous neprilysin inhibition (NEPi) and angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) with sacubitril/valsartan improves cardiac function and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure. However, it is not known whether these therapeutic benefits are primarily due to NEPi with sacubitril or ARB with valsartan or their combination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential contribution of sacubitril and valsartan to the benefits of the combination therapy on left ventricular (LV) function and exercise tolerance. Heart failure was induced by volume overload via partial disruption of the aortic valve in rats. Therapy began 4 wk after valve disruption and lasted through 8 wk. Drugs were administered daily via oral gavage [sacubitril/valsartan (68 mg/kg), valsartan (31 mg/kg), and sacubitril (31 mg/kg)]. Hemodynamic assessments were conducted using Millar technology, and an exercise tolerance test was conducted using a rodent treadmill. Therapy with sacubitril/valsartan improved load-dependent indexes of LV contractility (dP/d tmax) and relaxation (dP/d tmin), exercise tolerance, and mitigated myocardial fibrosis, whereas monotherapies with valsartan, or sacubitril did not. Both sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan similarly improved a load-independent index of contractility [slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship ( Ees)]. Sacubitril did not improve Ees. First, synergy of NEPi with sacubitril and ARB with valsartan leads to the improvement of load-dependent LV contractility and relaxation, exercise tolerance, and reduction of myocardial collagen content. Second, the improvement in load-independent LV contractility with sacubitril/valsartan appears to be solely due to ARB with valsartan constituent. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data suggest the following explanation for the effects of sacubitril/valsartan: 1) synergy of sacubitril and valsartan leads to the improvement of load-dependent left ventricular contractility and relaxation, exercise tolerance, and reduction of myocardial fibrosis and 2) improvement in load-independent left ventricular contractility is solely due to the valsartan constituent. The findings offer a better understanding of the outcomes observed in clinical studies and might facilitate the continuing development of the next generations of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y Maslov
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephan Foianini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dita Mayer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael V Orlov
- Department of Cardiology, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Lovich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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Kinugawa S. Angiotensin II and skeletal muscle abnormalities. Exp Physiol 2018; 102:614-615. [PMID: 28568964 DOI: 10.1113/ep086216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kinugawa
- Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Zhao M, Bai M, Ding G, Zhang Y, Huang S, Jia Z, Zhang A. Angiotensin II Stimulates the NLRP3 Inflammasome to Induce Podocyte Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 4:83-94. [PMID: 29998123 DOI: 10.1159/000488242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background We previously reported that the NLRP3 inflammasome played an important role in mediating the podocyte injury induced by aldosterone. However, more studies on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of podocytopathy are still required. The present study was undertaken to study the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced podocyte injury, as well as the potential mechanisms. Methods In this study, we used an Ang II infusion model in NLRP3-/- mice. In cultured podocytes, we used siRNA to silence NLRP3; then we treated the podocytes with Ang II. Results Following Ang II treatment, we found that the NLRP3 inflammasome was significantly activated in line with mitochondrial dysfunction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Silencing NLRP3 by siRNA transfection ameliorated podocyte apoptosis, attenuated the loss of the podocyte proteins nephrin and podocin, and protected mitochondrial function. Ang II infusion activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, caused albuminuria, and induced podocyte damage, which was all blocked in the NLRP3-/- mice. At the same time, NLRP3 deletion also ameliorated the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Ang II infusion. However, the deletion of NLRP3 did not affect the Ang II hypertension. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrate an important role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mediating Ang II-induced podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that the NLRP3 inflammasome might be an effective therapeutic target against podocytopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Bai
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing, China
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Kadoguchi T, Shimada K, Koide H, Miyazaki T, Shiozawa T, Takahashi S, Aikawa T, Ouchi S, Kitamura K, Sugita Y, Hamad AS, Kunimoto M, Sato-Okabayashi Y, Akita K, Isoda K, Daida H. Possible Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Angiotensin II-Induced Muscle Wasting in Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:340. [PMID: 29674975 PMCID: PMC5895660 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Muscle wasting is a debilitating phenotype associated with chronic heart failure (CHF). We have previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (AII) directly induces muscle wasting in mice through the activation of NADPH oxidase (Nox). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that deficiency of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), a major source of oxidative stress, ameliorates AII-induced muscle wasting through the regulation of redox balance. Methods and Results: Nox4 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used. At baseline, there were no differences in physical characteristics between the WT and KO mice. Saline (vehicle, V) or AII was infused via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks, after which, the WT + AII mice showed significant increases in Nox activity and NOX4 protein compared with the WT + V mice, as well as decreases in body weight, gastrocnemius muscle weight, and myocyte cross-sectional area. These changes were significantly attenuated in the KO + AII mice (27 ± 1 vs. 31 ± 1 g, 385 ± 3 vs. 438 ± 13 mg, and 1,330 ± 30 vs. 2281 ± 150 μm2, respectively, all P < 0.05). The expression levels of phospho-Akt decreased, whereas those of muscle RING Finger-1 (MuRF-1) and MAFbx/atrogin-1 significantly increased in the WT + AII mice compared with the WT + V mice. Furthermore, nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and the expression levels of Nrf2-regulated genes significantly decreased in the WT + AII mice compared with the WT + V mice. These changes were significantly attenuated in the KO + AII mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nox4 deficiency attenuated AII-induced muscle wasting, partially through the regulation of Nrf2. The Nox4-Nrf2 axis may play an important role in the development of AII-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research (Kyodo-ken), Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Ouchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yurina Sugita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Al Shahi Hamad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kunimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Sato-Okabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Akita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuo Isoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Springer J, von Haehling S. ACE Inhibitors and Sarcopenia: Covering All the BASEs? Drugs Aging 2018; 33:839-840. [PMID: 27830566 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-016-0417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Springer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Institute of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial capacity and quality play a critical role in skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction. In vivo measurements of mitochondrial capacity provide a clear link between physical activity and mitochondrial function in aging and heart failure, although the cause and effect relationship remains unclear. Age-related decline in mitochondrial quality leads to mitochondrial defects that affect redox, calcium, and energy-sensitive signaling by altering the cellular environment that can result in skeletal muscle dysfunction independent of reduced mitochondrial capacity. This reduced mitochondrial quality with age is also likely to sensitize skeletal muscle mitochondria to elevated angiotensin or beta-adrenergic signaling associated with heart failure. This synergy between aging and heart failure could further disrupt cell energy and redox homeostasis and contribute to exercise intolerance in this patient population. Therefore, the interaction between aging and heart failure, particularly with respect to mitochondrial dysfunction, should be a consideration when developing strategies to improve quality of life in heart failure patients. Given the central role of the mitochondria in skeletal and cardiac muscle dysfunction, mitochondrial quality may provide a common link for targeted interventions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Z Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Box 358050, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Box 358050, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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Development of obesity can be prevented in rats by chronic icv infusions of AngII but less by Ang(1-7). Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:867-881. [PMID: 29430615 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering that obesity is one of the leading risks for death worldwide, it should be noted that a brain-related mechanism is involved in AngII-induced and AT1-receptor-dependent weight loss. It is moreover established that activation of the Ang(1-7)/ACE2/Mas axis reduces weight, but it remains unclear whether this Ang(1-7) effect is also mediated via a brain-related mechanism. Additionally to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, we used TGR(ASrAOGEN) selectively lacking brain angiotensinogen, the precursor to AngII, as we speculated that effects are more pronounced in a model with low brain RAS activity. Rats were fed with high-calorie cafeteria diet. We investigated weight regulation, food behavior, and energy balance in response to chronic icv.-infusions of AngII (200 ng•h-1), or Ang(1-7) (200/600 ng•h-1) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid. High- but not low-dose Ang(1-7) slightly decreased weight gain and energy intake in SD rats. AngII showed an anti-obese efficacy in SD rats by decreasing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure and also improved glucose control. TGR(ASrAOGEN) were protected from developing obesity. However, Ang(1-7) did not reveal any effects in TGR(ASrAOGEN) and those of AngII were minor compared to SD rats. Our results emphasize that brain AngII is a key contributor for regulating energy homeostasis and weight in obesity by serving as a negative brain-related feedback signal to alleviate weight gain. Brain-related anti-obese potency of Ang(1-7) is lower than AngII but must be further investigated by using other transgenic models as TGR(ASrAOGEN) proved to be less valuable for answering this question.
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Deletion of NAD(P)H Oxidase 2 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3194917. [PMID: 29487866 PMCID: PMC5816890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3194917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is induced by an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Our previous studies reported that angiotensin II (AII) directly induced muscle atrophy in mice. This study investigated the role of NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (Nox2) activation by AII in the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy. For 4 weeks, either saline (vehicle: V) or AII (1000 ng kg−1 min−1) was infused into male wild-type (WT) and Nox2 knockout (KO) mice via osmotic minipumps. Experiments were performed in the following 4 groups: WT + V, KO + V, WT + AII, and KO + AII. Body weight, muscle weight, and myocyte cross-sectional area were significantly decreased in WT + AII compared to WT + V mice, and these changes were not observed in KO + AII mice. Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 and p70S6K of Thr389 was decreased, gene expression levels of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 were increased in WT + AII compared to WT + V, and these changes were significantly attenuated in KO + AII mice. The deletion of Nox2 prevented AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via improving the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Therefore, Nox2 may be a therapeutic target for AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Ábrigo J, Elorza AA, Riedel CA, Vilos C, Simon F, Cabrera D, Estrada L, Cabello-Verrugio C. Role of Oxidative Stress as Key Regulator of Muscle Wasting during Cachexia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2063179. [PMID: 29785242 PMCID: PMC5896211 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2063179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a pathological condition mainly characterized by a loss of muscular mass and the contractile capacity of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of muscular weakness and decreased force generation. Cachexia is defined as a pathological condition secondary to illness characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass with or without loss of fat mass and with concomitant diminution of muscle strength. The molecular mechanisms involved in cachexia include oxidative stress, protein synthesis/degradation imbalance, autophagy deregulation, increased myonuclear apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one of the most common mechanisms of cachexia caused by different factors. It results in increased ROS levels, increased oxidation-dependent protein modification, and decreased antioxidant system functions. In this review, we will describe the importance of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles, its sources, and how it can regulate protein synthesis/degradation imbalance, autophagy deregulation, increased myonuclear apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Ábrigo
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- 3Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Vilos
- 4Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Targeted Delivery, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 5Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- 6Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 7Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisbell Estrada
- 8Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- 1Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- 2Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
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