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Marshall-Gradisnik S, Martini Sasso E, Eaton-Fitch N, Smith P, Baraniuk JN, Muraki K. Novel characterization of endogenous transient receptor potential melastatin 3 ion channels from Gulf War Illness participants. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305704. [PMID: 38917121 PMCID: PMC11198784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic condition characterized by multisystem symptoms that still affect up to one-third of veterans who engaged in combat in the Gulf War three decades ago. The aetiology of GWI is mainly explained by exposure to multiple toxic agents, vaccines, and medications. As there is a significant overlap in symptoms between GWI and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), the objective of this study was to investigate a biomarker widely reported in Natural Killer (NK) cells from ME/CFS patients, the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) ion channel. NK cells from 6 healthy controls (HC) and 6 GWI participants were isolated, and TRPM3 function was assessed through whole-cell patch-clamp. As demonstrated by prior studies, NK cells from HC expressed typical TRPM3 function after pharmacomodulation. In contrast, this pilot investigation demonstrates a dysfunctional TRPM3 in NK cells from GWI participants through application of a TRPM3 agonist and confirmed by a TRPM3 antagonist. There was a significant reduction in TRPM3 function from GWI than results measured in HC. This study provides an unprecedented research field to investigate the involvement of TRP ion channels in the pathomechanism and potential medical interventions to improve GWI quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Etianne Martini Sasso
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Natalie Eaton-Fitch
- The National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Smith
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Clinical Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James N. Baraniuk
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Katsuhiko Muraki
- Consortium Health International for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Diercks BP. The importance of Ca 2+ microdomains for the adaptive immune response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119710. [PMID: 38522726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling stands out as the most widespread and universally used signaling system and is of utmost importance for immunity. Controlled elevations in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in T cells control complex and essential effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity, among others. Additionally, disruptions in Ca2+ regulation in T cells contribute to diverse autoimmune, inflammatory, and immunodeficiency conditions. Among the initial intracellular signals, which occurring even before T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation are highly localized, spatially and temporally restricted so-called Ca2+ microdomains, caused by adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins (ECM proteins). The Ca2+ microdomains present both before and within the initial seconds following TCR stimulation are likely to play a crucial role in fine-tuning the downstream activity of T cell activation and thus, shaping an adaptive immune response. In this review, the emphasis is on the recent advances of adhesion-dependent Ca2+ microdomains (ADCM) in the absence of TCR stimulation, initial Ca2+ microdomains evoked by TCR stimulation (TDCM), the downstream signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Peltier S, Adib Y, Nicosia L, Ly Ka So S, Da Silva C, Serror K, Duciel L, Proust R, Mimoun M, Bagot M, Bensussan A, des Courtils C, Michel L. In vitro effects of wound-dressings on key wound healing properties of dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15098. [PMID: 38770557 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Healing of complex wounds requires dressings that must, at least, not hinder and should ideally promote the activity of key healing cells, in particular fibroblasts. This in vitro study assessed the effects of three wound-dressings (a pure Ca2+ alginate: Algostéril®, a Ca2+ alginate + carboxymethylcellulose: Biatain alginate® and a polyacrylate impregnated with lipido-colloid matrix: UrgoClean®) on dermal fibroblast activity. The results showed the pure calcium alginate to be non-cytotoxic, whereas the other wound-dressings showed moderate to strong cytotoxicity. The two alginates stimulated fibroblast migration and proliferation, whereas the polyacrylate altered migration and had no effect on proliferation. The pure Ca2+ alginate significantly increased the TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation, which is essential to healing. This activation was confirmed by a significant increase in Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and a higher collagen production. The other dressings reduced these fibroblast activities. The pure Ca2+ alginate was also able to counteract the inhibitory effect of NK cell supernatants on fibroblast migration. These in vitro results demonstrate that tested wound-dressings are not equivalent for fibroblast activation. Only Algostéril was found to promote all the fibroblast activities tested, which could contribute to its healing efficacy demonstrated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peltier
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Y Adib
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - L Nicosia
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - S Ly Ka So
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - C Da Silva
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - K Serror
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructive et esthétique, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - L Duciel
- Laboratoires Brothier, Nanterre, France
| | - R Proust
- Laboratoires Brothier, Nanterre, France
| | - M Mimoun
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructive et esthétique, APHP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - M Bagot
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - A Bensussan
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Michel
- Inserm UMRS_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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4
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Kaplinsky N, Williams K, Watkins D, Adams M, Stanbery L, Nemunaitis J. Regulatory role of CD39 and CD73 in tumor immunity. Future Oncol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38652041 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD39 is the rate-limiting enzyme for the molecular signal cascade leading to the generation of ADP and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In conjunction with CD73, CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ADP and AMP, which leads to the accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the role of CD39 and CD73 in immune response and malignant progression, including the expression of CD39 within the tumor microenvironment and its relationship to immune effector cells, and its role in antigen presentation. The role of CD39- and CD73-targeting therapeutics and cancer-directed clinical trials investigating CD39 modulation are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kada Williams
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dean Watkins
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Molly Adams
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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5
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Lee M, Kwon S. Enhanced cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells from increased calcium influx induced by electrical stimulation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302406. [PMID: 38635551 PMCID: PMC11025832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in immunosurveillance independent of antigen presentation, which is regulated by signal balance via activating and inhibitory receptors. The anti-tumor activity of NK cells is largely dependent on signaling from target recognition to cytolytic degranulation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and NK cell cytotoxicity is readily impaired by tumor cells. Understanding the activation mechanism is necessary to overcome the immune evasion mechanism, which remains an obstacle in immunotherapy. Because calcium ions are important activators of NK cells, we hypothesized that electrical stimulation could induce changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels, thereby improving the functional potential of NK cells. In this study, we designed an electrical stimulation system and observed a correlation between elevated Ca2+ flux induced by electrical stimulation and NK cell activation. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells co-cultured with electrically stimulated KHYG-1 cells showed a 1.27-fold (0.5 V/cm) and 1.55-fold (1.0 V/cm) higher cytotoxicity, respectively. Electrically stimulated KHYG-1 cells exhibited a minor increase in Ca2+ level (1.31-fold (0.5 V/cm) and 1.11-fold (1.0 V/cm) higher), which also led to increased gene expression of granzyme B (GZMB) by 1.36-fold (0.5 V/cm) and 1.58-fold (1.0 V/cm) by activating Ca2+-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1). In addition, chelating Ca2+ influx with 5 μM BAPTA-AM suppressed the gene expression of Ca2+ signaling and lytic granule (granzyme B) proteins by neutralizing the effects of electrical stimulation. This study suggests a promising immunotherapeutic approach without genetic modifications and elucidates the correlation between cytolytic effector function and intracellular Ca2+ levels in electrically stimulated NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseon Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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6
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Lightsey S, Sharma B. Natural Killer Cell Mechanosensing in Solid Tumors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:328. [PMID: 38671750 PMCID: PMC11048000 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, which are an exciting alternative cell source for cancer immunotherapies, must sense and respond to their physical environment to traffic to and eliminate cancer cells. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which NK cells receive mechanical signals and explore recent key findings regarding the impact of the physical characteristics of solid tumors on NK cell functions. Data suggest that different mechanical stresses present in solid tumors facilitate NK cell functions, especially infiltration and degranulation. Moreover, we review recent engineering advances that can be used to systemically study the role of mechanical forces on NK cell activity. Understanding the mechanisms by which NK cells interpret their environment presents potential targets to enhance NK cell immunotherapies for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 23610, USA;
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7
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Alawar N, Schirra C, Hohmann M, Becherer U. A solution for highly efficient electroporation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38532411 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are central players in the adaptive immune response. Their functional characterization and clinical research depend on efficient and reliable transfection. Although various methods have been utilized, electroporation remains the preferred technique for transient gene over-expression. However, the efficiency of electroporation is reduced for human and mouse primary CTLs. Lonza offers kits that effectively improve plasmid DNA transfection quality. Unfortunately, the removal of key components of the cell recovery medium considerably reduced the efficiency of their kit for CTLs. Our aim was to develop a new recovery medium to be used with Lonza's Nucleofector system that would significantly enhance transfection rates. RESULTS We assessed the impact of different media in which the primary CTLs were placed to recover after electroporation on cell survival, transfection rate and their ability to form an immunological synapse and to perform exocytosis. We transfected the cells with pmax-GFP and large constructs encoding for either CD81-super ecliptic pHluorin or granzyme B-pHuji. The comparison of five different media for mouse and two for human CTLs demonstrated that our new recovery medium composed of Opti-MEM-GlutaMAX supplemented with HEPES, DMSO and sodium pyruvate gave the best result in cell survival (> 50%) and transfection rate (> 30 and 20% for mouse and human cells, respectively). More importantly, the functionality of CTLs was at least twice as high as with the original Lonza recovery medium. In addition, our RM significantly improved transfection efficacy of natural killer cells that are notoriously hard to electroporate. CONCLUSION Our results show that successful transfection depends not only on the electroporation medium and pulse sequence but also on the medium applied for cell recovery. In addition, we have reduced our reliance on proprietary products by designing an effective recovery medium for both mouse and human primary CTLs and other lymphocytes that can be easily implemented by any laboratory. We expect that this recovery medium will have a significant impact on both fundamental and applied research in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alawar
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Claudia Schirra
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Meltem Hohmann
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Ute Becherer
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, 66421, Germany.
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8
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Bacsa B, Hopl V, Derler I. Synthetic Biology Meets Ca 2+ Release-Activated Ca 2+ Channel-Dependent Immunomodulation. Cells 2024; 13:468. [PMID: 38534312 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many essential biological processes are triggered by the proximity of molecules. Meanwhile, diverse approaches in synthetic biology, such as new biological parts or engineered cells, have opened up avenues to precisely control the proximity of molecules and eventually downstream signaling processes. This also applies to a main Ca2+ entry pathway into the cell, the so-called Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. CRAC channels are among other channels are essential in the immune response and are activated by receptor-ligand binding at the cell membrane. The latter initiates a signaling cascade within the cell, which finally triggers the coupling of the two key molecular components of the CRAC channel, namely the stromal interaction molecule, STIM, in the ER membrane and the plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channel, Orai. Ca2+ entry, established via STIM/Orai coupling, is essential for various immune cell functions, including cytokine release, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. In this review, we summarize the tools of synthetic biology that have been used so far to achieve precise control over the CRAC channel pathway and thus over downstream signaling events related to the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Division of Medical Physics und Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Hopl
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
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9
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Li S, Fan R, Wang Y, He K, Xu J, Li H. Application of calcium overload-based ion interference therapy in tumor treatment: strategies, outcomes, and prospects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352377. [PMID: 38425645 PMCID: PMC10902152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Low selectivity and tumor drug resistance are the main hinderances to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy against tumor. Ion interference therapy is an innovative anti-tumor strategy that has been recently reported to induce metabolic disorders and inhibit proliferation of tumor cells by reordering bioactive ions within the tumor cells. Calcium cation (Ca2+) are indispensable for all physiological activities of cells. In particular, calcium overload, characterized by the abnormal intracellular Ca2+ accumulation, causes irreversible cell death. Consequently, calcium overload-based ion interference therapy has the potential to overcome resistance to traditional tumor treatment strategies and holds promise for clinical application. In this review, we 1) Summed up the current strategies employed in this therapy; 2) Described the outcome of tumor cell death resulting from this therapy; 3) Discussed its potential application in synergistic therapy with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Battalion, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruicheng Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuekai Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Battalion, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunqian He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Battalion, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhe Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Teaching Experiment Center, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Jusztus V, Medyouni G, Bagosi A, Lampé R, Panyi G, Matolay O, Maka E, Krasznai ZT, Vörös O, Hajdu P. Activity of Potassium Channels in CD8 + T Lymphocytes: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1949. [PMID: 38396628 PMCID: PMC10888402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a role in the suppression of tumor growth and immunotherapy. Ion channels control the Ca2+-dependent function of CD8+ lymphocytes such as cytokine/granzyme production and tumor killing. Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 K+ channels stabilize the negative membrane potential of T cells to maintain Ca2+ influx through CRAC channels. We assessed the expression of Kv1.3, KCa3.1 and CRAC in CD8+ cells from ovarian cancer (OC) patients (n = 7). We found that the expression level of Kv1.3 was higher in patients with malignant tumors than in control or benign tumor groups while the KCa3.1 activity was lower in the malignant tumor group as compared to the others. We demonstrated that the Ca2+ response in malignant tumor patients is higher compared to control groups. We propose that altered Kv1.3 and KCa3.1 expression in CD8+ cells in OC could be a reporter and may serve as a biomarker in diagnostics and that increased Ca2+ response through CRAC may contribute to the impaired CD8+ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Jusztus
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Ghofrane Medyouni
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Adrienn Bagosi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Rudolf Lampé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - György Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Orsolya Matolay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - Eszter Maka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - Zoárd Tibor Krasznai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.L.); (O.M.); (E.M.); (Z.T.K.)
| | - Orsolya Vörös
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
| | - Péter Hajdu
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (V.J.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (G.P.); (O.V.)
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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11
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Sanchez EE, Tello-Lafoz M, Guo AJ, de Jesus M, Elbanna YA, Winer BY, Budhu S, Chan E, Rosiek E, Kondo T, DuSold J, Taylor N, Altan-Bonnet G, Olson MF, Huse M. Apoptotic contraction drives target cell release by cytotoxic T cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1434-1442. [PMID: 37500886 PMCID: PMC11138163 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) fight intracellular pathogens and cancer by identifying and destroying infected or transformed target cells1. To kill, CTLs form a specialized cytotoxic immune synapse (IS) with a target of interest and then release toxic perforin and granzymes into the interface to elicit programmed cell death2-5. The IS then dissolves, enabling CTLs to search for additional prey and professional phagocytes to clear the corpse6. While the mechanisms governing IS assembly have been studied extensively, far less is known about target cell release. Here, we applied time-lapse imaging to explore the basis for IS dissolution and found that it occurred concomitantly with the cytoskeletal contraction of apoptotic targets. Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of this contraction response indicated that it was both necessary and sufficient for CTL dissociation. We also found that mechanical amplification of apoptotic contractility promoted faster CTL detachment and serial killing. Collectively, these results establish a biophysical basis for IS dissolution and highlight the importance of mechanosensory feedback in the regulation of cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Sanchez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Tello-Lafoz
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aixuan J Guo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel de Jesus
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yassmin A Elbanna
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Chan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Rosiek
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taisuke Kondo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justyn DuSold
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Cruz-Aguilar LH, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Reduction of Ca 2+ Entry by a Specific Block of KCa3.1 Channels Optimizes Cytotoxic Activity of NK Cells against T-ALL Jurkat Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2065. [PMID: 37626875 PMCID: PMC10453324 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Degranulation mediated killing mechanism by NK cells is dependent on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and has optimum at moderate intracellular Ca2+ elevations so that partial block of SOCE optimizes the killing process. In this study, we tested the effect of the selective blocker of KCa3.1 channel NS6180 on SOCE and the killing efficiency of NK cells from healthy donors and NK-92 cells against T-ALL cell line Jurkat. Patch-clamp analysis showed that only one-quarter of resting NK cells functionally express KCa3.1 current, which increases 3-fold after activation by interleukins 15 and 2. Nevertheless, blockage of KCa3.1 significantly reduced SOCE and intracellular Ca2+ rise induced by IL-15 or target cell recognition. NS6180 (1 μM) decreased NK degranulation at zero time of coculture with Jurkat cells but already after 1 h, the degranulation reached the same level as in the control. Monitoring of target cell death by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that NS6180 significantly improved the killing ability of NK cells after 1 h in coculture with Jurkat cells and increased the Jurkat cell fraction with apoptotic and necrotic markers. Our data evidence a strong dependence of SOCE on KCa3.1 activity in NK cells and that KCa3.1 specific block can improve NK cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
- Division of Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, South University Center (CUsur), University of Guadalajara, Guzmán City 49000, Mexico
| | - Laura Hadit Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
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13
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Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed M, Rashid S, Iqbal MO, Kontek R, Abdulsamad MA, Allaq AA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37345057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the current leading causes of death worldwide, despite the novel advances that have been made toward its treatment, it is still considered a major public health concern. Considering both the serious impact of cancer on public health and the significant side effects and complications of conventional therapeutic options, the current strategies towards targeted cancer therapy must be enhanced to avoid undesired toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has become preferable among researchers in recent years compared to conventional therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The understanding of how to control immune checkpoints, develop therapeutic cancer vaccines, genetically modify immune cells as well as enhance the activation of antitumor immune response led to the development of novel cancer treatments. In this review, we address recent advances in cancer immunotherapy molecular mechanisms. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are critically discussed, focusing on the challenges, potential risks, and prospects involving their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Muhanad A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Sabratha University, Sabratha 00218, Libya
| | - Abdulmutalib A Allaq
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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14
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Zöphel S, Schäfer G, Nazarieh M, Konetzki V, Hoxha C, Meese E, Hoth M, Helms V, Hamed M, Schwarz EC. Identification of molecular candidates which regulate calcium-dependent CD8 + T-cell cytotoxicity. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:202-213. [PMID: 37075611 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) eliminate infected cells or transformed tumor cells by releasing perforin-containing cytotoxic granules at the immunological synapse. The secretion of such granules depends on Ca2+-influx through store operated Ca2+ channels, formed by STIM (stromal interaction molecule)-activated Orai proteins. Whereas molecular mechanisms of the secretion machinery are well understood, much less is known about the molecular machinery that regulates the efficiency of Ca2+-dependent target cell killing. CTL killing efficiency is of high interest considering the number of studies on CD8+ T lymphocytes modified for clinical use. Here, we isolated total RNA from primary human cells: natural killer (NK) cells, non-stimulated CD8+ T-cells, and from Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) stimulated CD8+ T-cells (SEA-CTL) and conducted whole genome expression profiling by microarray experiments. Based on differential expression analysis of the transcriptome data and analysis of master regulator genes, we identified 31 candidates which potentially regulate Ca2+-homeostasis in CTL. To investigate a putative function of these candidates in CTL cytotoxicity, we transfected either SEA-stimulated CTL (SEA-CTL) or antigen specific CD8+ T-cell clones (CTL-MART-1) with siRNAs specific against the identified candidates and analyzed the killing capacity using a real-time killing assay. In addition, we complemented the analysis by studying the effect of inhibitory substances acting on the candidate proteins if available. Finally, to unmask their involvement in Ca2+ dependent cytotoxicity, candidates were also analyzed under Ca2+-limiting conditions. Overall, we identified four hits, CCR5 (C-C chemokine receptor type five), KCNN4 (potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N), RCAN3 (regulator of calcineurin) and BCL (B-cell lymphoma) 2 which clearly affect the efficiency of Ca2+ dependent cytotoxicity in CTL-MART-1 cells, CCR5, BCL2, and KCNN4 in a positive manner, and RCAN3 in a negative way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Zöphel
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schäfer
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Nazarieh
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Verena Konetzki
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Cora Hoxha
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eckart Meese
- Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 60, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Building 48, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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15
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Adib Y, Boy M, Serror K, Dulphy N, des Courtils C, Duciel L, Boccara D, Mimoun M, Samardzic M, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Michel L. Modulation of NK cell activation by exogenous calcium from alginate dressings in vitro. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141047. [PMID: 37090742 PMCID: PMC10117844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells participate in the defense against infection by killing pathogens and infected cells and secreting immuno-modulatory cytokines. Defects in NK cell activity have been reported in obese, diabetic, and elderly patients that are at high risk of developing infected chronic wounds. Calcium alginate dressings are indicated for the debridement during the inflammatory phase of healing. Since calcium ions are major activators of NK cells, we hypothesized that these dressings could enhance NK functions, as investigated in vitro herein. Primary human blood NK cells were freshly-isolated from healthy volunteers and exposed to conditioned media (CM) from two alginate dressings, Algosteril® (ALG, pure Ca2+ alginate) and Biatain® Alginate (BIA, Ca2+ alginate with CMC), in comparison with an exogenous 3mM calcium solution. Our results demonstrated that exogenous calcium and ALG-CM, but not BIA-CM, induced NK cell activation and enhanced their capacity to kill their targets as a result of increased degranulation. NK cell stimulation by ALG depended on the influx of extracellular Ca2+via the SOCE Ca2+ permeable plasma membrane channels. ALG-CM also activated NK cell cytokine production of IFN-γ and TNF-α through a partly Ca2+-independent mechanism. This work highlights the non-equivalence between alginate dressings for NK cell stimulation and shows that the pure calcium alginate dressing Algosteril® enhances NK cell cytotoxic and immuno-modulatory activities. Altogether, these results underline a specific property of this medical device in innate defense that is key for the cutaneous wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Adib
- Skin Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMRS)_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Laboratoires Brothier, Nanterre, France
| | - Maxime Boy
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMRS)_1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Serror
- Skin Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMRS)_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructive et esthétique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dulphy
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Immunology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMRS)_1160, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Service d’Immunologie et Histocompatibilité, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | | | - David Boccara
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructive et esthétique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maurice Mimoun
- Service de Chirurgie plastique, reconstructive et esthétique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Martine Bagot
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service de Dermatologie, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- Skin Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMRS)_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Michel
- Skin Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMRS)_976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Laurence Michel,
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16
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Kang Y, Xu L, Dong J, Huang Y, Yuan X, Li R, Chen L, Wang Z, Ji X. Calcium-based nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Ide H, Aoshi T, Saito M, Espulgar WV, Briones JC, Hosokawa M, Matsunaga H, Arikawa K, Takeyama H, Koyama S, Takamatsu H, Tamiya E. Linking antigen specific T-cell dynamics in a microfluidic chip to single cell transcription patterns. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 657:8-15. [PMID: 36963175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
A new non-invasive screening profile has been realized that can aid in determining T-cell activation state at single-cell level. Production of activated T-cells with good specificity and stable proliferation is greatly beneficial for advancing adoptive immunotherapy as innate immunological cells are not effective in recognizing and eliminating cancer as expected. The screening method is realized by relating intracellular Ca2+ intensity and motility of T-cells interacting with APC (Antigen Presenting Cells) in a microfluidic chip. The system is tested using APC pulsed with OVA257-264 peptide and its modified affinities (N4, Q4, T4 and V4), and the T-cells from OT-1 mice. In addition, single cell RNA sequencing reveals the activation states of the cells and the clusters from the derived profiles can be indicative of the T-cell activation state. The presented system here can be versatile for a comprehensive application to proceed with T-cell-based immunotherapy and screen the antigen-specific T-cells with excellent efficiency and high proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ide
- Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Univ, Japan; PhotoBIO Lab, AIST-Osaka Univ, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka Univ, Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- PhotoBIO Lab, AIST-Osaka Univ, Japan; Life and Medical Photonics Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Jonathan Campos Briones
- Life and Medical Photonics Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Hosokawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda Univ, Japan; CBBD-OIL, AIST-Waseda Univ, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ, Japan; Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda Univ, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsunaga
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda Univ, Japan
| | - Koji Arikawa
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda Univ, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda Univ, Japan; CBBD-OIL, AIST-Waseda Univ, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda Univ, Japan; Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda Univ, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiichi Tamiya
- PhotoBIO Lab, AIST-Osaka Univ, Japan; Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan
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18
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Baroja-Mazo A, Peñín-Franch A, Lucas-Ruiz F, de Torre-Minguela C, Alarcón-Vila C, Hernández-Caselles T, Pelegrín P. P2X7 receptor activation impairs antitumour activity of natural killer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:111-128. [PMID: 36098250 PMCID: PMC10092446 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A high number of intratumoural infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells is associated with better survival in several types of cancer, constituting an important first line of defence against tumours. Hypoxia in the core of solid tumours induces cellular stress and ATP release into the extracellular space where it triggers purinergic receptor activation on tumour-associated immune cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 by extracellular ATP plays a role in the NK cells antitumour activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We carried out in vitro experiments using purified human NK cells triggered through P2X7 by extracellular ATP. NK cell killing activity against the tumour target cells K562 was studied by means of NK cytotoxicity assays. Likewise, we designed a subcutaneous solid tumour in vivo mouse model. KEY RESULTS In this study we found that human NK cells, expressing a functional plasma membrane P2X7, acquired an anergic state after ATP treatment, which impaired their antitumour activity and decreased IFN-γ secretion. This effect was reversed by specific P2X7 antagonists and pretreatment with either IL-2 or IL-15. Furthermore, genetic P2rx7 knockdown resulted in improved control of tumour size by NK cells. In addition, IL-2 therapy restored the ability of NK cells to diminish the size of tumours. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show that P2X7 activation represents a new mechanism whereby NK cells may lose antitumour effectiveness, opening the possibility of generating modified NK cells lacking P2X7 but with improved antitumour capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Peñín-Franch
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alarcón-Vila
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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19
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Li Z, Lin S, Zheng T, Hao B, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Qin C, Yue L, Jin J, Li M, Fan L. Mitochondria dysfunction in CD8+ T cells as an important contributing factor for cancer development and a potential target for cancer treatment: a review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:227. [PMID: 35864520 PMCID: PMC9306053 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immunity. Naïve CD8+ T cells are active upon tumor antigen stimulation, and then differentiate into functional cells and migrate towards the tumor sites. Activated CD8+ T cells can directly destroy tumor cells by releasing perforin and granzymes and inducing apoptosis mediated by the death ligand/death receptor. They also secrete cytokines to regulate the immune system against tumor cells. Mitochondria are the central hub of metabolism and signaling, required for polarization, and migration of CD8+ T cells. Many studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction impairs the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells through various pathways. Mitochondrial energy metabolism maladjustment will cause a cellular energy crisis in CD8+ T cells. Abnormally high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species will damage the integrity and architecture of biofilms of CD8+ T cells. Disordered mitochondrial dynamics will affect the mitochondrial number and localization within cells, further affecting the function of CD8+ T cells. Increased mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis will decrease the lifespan and quantity of CD8+ T cells. Excessively low mitochondrial membrane potential will cause the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, while excessively high will exacerbate oxidative stress. Dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling will affect various physiological pathways in CD8+ T cells. To some extent, mitochondrial abnormality in CD8+ T cells contributes to cancer development. So far, targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis, and other mitochondrial physiological processes to rebuild the anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells has proved effective in some cancer models. Thus, mitochondria in CD8+ T cells may be a potential and powerful target for cancer treatment in the future.
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20
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Schoppmeyer R, van Buul JD. Protocol to analyze transmigration of human cytotoxic T cells under physiological flow conditions in vitro. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101509. [PMID: 35776649 PMCID: PMC9254146 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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21
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Wang J, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhou X. Microplastics induce immune suppression via S100A8 downregulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113905. [PMID: 35868177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has been largely reported in the daily consumption of water and food, however, the toxicities of MPs to human beings remain largely uncovered. We found that MPs in drinking water significantly impaired mouse immune function by reducing spleen weight, CD8+ T cell amount and raising CD4+ to CD8+ T cell ratio. We performed proteomics and phosphoproteomics by LC-MS/MS and found MPs significantly induced 130 and 57 proteins upregulated in proteome and phosphoproteome, and 191 and 37 proteins downregulated in proteome and phosphoproteome, separately. Bioinformatic analysis show that asthma, mineral absorption, and the IL-17 signaling pathway were significantly enriched and may be involved in MP-induced spleen damage and immune suppression. We verified the top 3 differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins by western blot, and we further showed that S100A8 was significantly downregulated by MPs via histochemistry staining. Our results revealed that MPs can induce spleen damage and immune suppression by reducing S100A8 expression, suggesting an underestimated influence and mechanism of MPs on the mammalian immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Henan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Conghui Zhang
- Department of clinical laboratory medicine, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of clinical laboratory medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of clinical laboratory medicine, Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of clinical laboratory medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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22
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Kappel S, Peinelt C. Targeting CRAC channels in inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e16489. [PMID: 35969215 PMCID: PMC9449586 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for inflammatory diseases of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract that are characterized by perturbations in the intestinal immune responses. In their study, Letizia et al (2022) found an enrichment of CD4+ effector T cells, interferon gamma (IFNγ) producing CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in the lamina propria (LP) of IBD patients. In these cells, pharmacological inhibition of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) reduced cytokine production. In addition, in a murine IBD model, systemic SOCE inhibition reduced IBD severity and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kappel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Peinelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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How the Potassium Channel Response of T Lymphocytes to the Tumor Microenvironment Shapes Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153564. [PMID: 35892822 PMCID: PMC9330401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent antitumor immune cells are fundamental for tumor surveillance and combating active cancers. Once established, tumors generate a tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of complex cellular and metabolic elements that serve to suppress the function of antitumor immune cells. T lymphocytes are key cellular elements of the TME. In this review, we explore the role of ion channels, particularly K+ channels, in mediating the suppressive effects of the TME on T cells. First, we will review the complex network of ion channels that mediate Ca2+ influx and control effector functions in T cells. Then, we will discuss how multiple features of the TME influence the antitumor capabilities of T cells via ion channels. We will focus on hypoxia, adenosine, and ionic imbalances in the TME, as well as overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 by cancer cells that either suppress K+ channels in T cells and/or benefit from regulating these channels’ activity, ultimately shaping the immune response. Finally, we will review some of the cancer treatment implications related to ion channels. A better understanding of the effects of the TME on ion channels in T lymphocytes could promote the development of more effective immunotherapies, especially for resistant solid malignancies.
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24
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Zöphel D, Angenendt A, Kaschek L, Ravichandran K, Hof C, Janku S, Hoth M, Lis A. Faster cytotoxicity with age: Increased perforin and granzyme levels in cytotoxic CD8 + T cells boost cancer cell elimination. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13668. [PMID: 35818124 PMCID: PMC9381916 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the altered efficiency of CTLs in elderly organisms. In particular, the efficacy of antiviral CD8+ T cells responses in the elderly has come back into focus since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to alterations in T cell function and the origin of the observed impairments have not been fully explored. Therefore, we investigated whether intrinsic changes affect the cytotoxic ability of CD8+ T cells in aging. We focused on the different subpopulations and time‐resolved quantification of cytotoxicity during tumor cell elimination. We report a surprising result: Killing kinetics of CD8+ T cells from elderly mice are much faster than those of CD8+ T cells from adult mice. This is true not only in the total CD8+ T cell population but also for their effector (TEM) and central memory (TCM) T cell subpopulations. TIRF experiments reveal that CD8+ T cells from elderly mice possess comparable numbers of fusion events per cell, but significantly increased numbers of cells with granule fusion. Analysis of the cytotoxic granule (CG) content shows significantly increased perforin and granzyme levels and turns CD8+ T cells of elderly mice into very efficient killers. This highlights the importance of distinguishing between cell‐intrinsic alterations and microenvironmental changes in elderly individuals. Our results also stress the importance of analyzing the dynamics of CTL cytotoxicity against cancer cells because, with a simple endpoint lysis analysis, cytotoxic differences could have easily been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Zöphel
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Angenendt
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lea Kaschek
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chantal Hof
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Janku
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Annette Lis
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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25
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Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry Is Up-Regulated in Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes from Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143312. [PMID: 35884372 PMCID: PMC9315763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) has long been known to regulate the differentiation and effector functions of T cells as well as to be instrumental to the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target cancer cells. Currently, no information is available regarding the expression and function of SOCE in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that have been expanded in vitro for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). This study provides the first evidence that SOCE is up-regulated in ex vivo-expanded TILs from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. The up-regulation of SOCE mainly depends on diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), which prevents the protein kinase C-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ entry in normal T cells. Of note, the pharmacological blockade of SOCE with the selective inhibitor, BTP-2, during target cell killing significantly increases cytotoxic activity at low TIL density, i.e., when TILs-mediated cancer cell death is rarer. This study, albeit preliminary, could lay the foundation to propose an alternative strategy to effect ACT. It has been shown that ex vivo-expanded TILs did not improve the disease-free survival rate in mCRC patients. Our results strongly suggest that pre-treating autologous TILs with a SOCE or DGK inhibitor before being infused into the patient could improve their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Abstract (1) Background: Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) drives the cytotoxic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against cancer cells. However, SOCE can be enhanced in cancer cells due to an increase in the expression and/or function of its underlying molecular components, i.e., STIM1 and Orai1. Herein, we evaluated the SOCE expression and function in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. (2) Methods: Functional studies were conducted in TILs expanded ex vivo from CRC liver metastases. Peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors (hPBTs) and mCRC patients (cPBTs) were used as controls. (3) Results: SOCE amplitude is enhanced in TILs compared to hPBTs and cPBTs, but the STIM1 protein is only up-regulated in TILs. Pharmacological manipulation showed that the increase in SOCE mainly depends on tonic modulation by diacylglycerol kinase, which prevents the protein kinase C-dependent inhibition of SOCE activity. The larger SOCE caused a stronger Ca2+ response to T-cell receptor stimulation by autologous mCRC cells. Reducing Ca2+ influx with BTP-2 during target cell killing significantly increases cytotoxic activity at low target:effector ratios. (4) Conclusions: SOCE is enhanced in ex vivo-expanded TILs deriving from mCRC patients but decreasing Ca2+ influx with BTP-2 increases cytotoxic activity at a low TIL density.
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Sun Y, Dong Y, Sun R, Liu Y, Wang Y, Luo H, Shi B, Jiang H, Li Z. Chimeric anti-GPC3 sFv-CD3ε receptor-modified T cells with IL7 co-expression for the treatment of solid tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:160-173. [PMID: 35572194 PMCID: PMC9065615 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting glypican-3 (GPC3) demonstrated early signs of therapeutic efficacy to hepatocellular carcinoma patients with a risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Several adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) with T cells using the natural T cell receptor (TCR) signaling induced more efficient antitumor function and reduced cytokine production relative to CARs in solid tumors. To improve the efficacy and safety of GPC3-targeted ACTs, T cells were modified with anti-GPC3 single-chain fragment variable(sFv) linked to CD3ε, which could be incorporated into the entire TCR/CD3 complex to form chimeric sFv-CD3ε receptor (sFv-ε). sFv-ε T cells showed competitive antitumor activity and lower cytokine release compared to 28ζ or BBζ CAR T cells, which may be ascribed to moderately less activated Ca2+-calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway. We further generated murine sFv-ε T cells with interleukin-7 co-expression (7sFv-ε) to promote T cell survival and to mobilize the endogenous immune system. In immunocompetent mouse models, 7sFv-ε T cells showed superior persistence, antitumor efficacy, and immunological memory while preserving the low production of cytokines associated with CRS compared to conventional sFv-ε T cells. These results indicate that GPC3-specific 7sFv-ε T cells could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansha Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bizhi Shi
- CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,CARsgen Therapeutics, Shanghai 200032, China
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27
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Kim S, Nam H, Cha B, Park J, Sung HJ, Jeon JS. Acoustofluidic Stimulation of Functional Immune Cells in a Microreactor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:2105809. [PMID: 35686137 PMCID: PMC9165514 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic response of natural killer (NK) cells in a microreactor to surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is investigated, where the SAWs produce an acoustic streaming flow. The Rayleigh-type SAWs form by an interdigital transducer propagated along the surface of a piezoelectric substrate in order to allow the dynamic stimulation of functional immune cells in a noncontact and rotor-free manner. The developed acoustofluidic microreactor enables a dynamic cell culture to be set up in a miniaturized system while maintaining the performance of agitating media. The present SAW system creates acoustic streaming flow in the cylindrical microreactor and applies flow-induced shear stress to the cells. The suspended NK cells are found to not be damaged by the SAW operation of the adjusted experimental setup. Suspended NK cell aggregates subjected to an SAW treatment show increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Simultaneously treating the NK cells with SAWs and protein kinase C activator enhances the lysosomal protein expressions of the cells and the cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target tumor cells. These have important implications by showing that acoustically actuated system allows dynamic cell culture without cell damages and further alters cytotoxicity-related cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeono Nam
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Cha
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Park
- School of Mechanical EngineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Sung
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S. Jeon
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34141Republic of Korea
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28
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Knörck A, Schäfer G, Alansary D, Richter J, Thurner L, Hoth M, Schwarz EC. Cytotoxic Efficiency of Human CD8+ T Cell Memory Subtypes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838484. [PMID: 35493468 PMCID: PMC9043813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is important to protect humans against recurring diseases. Memory CD8+ T cells are required for quick expansion into effector cells but also provide immediate cytotoxicity against their targets. Whereas many functions of the two main cytotoxic subtypes, effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM) and central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM), are well defined, single TEM and TCM cell cytotoxicity has not been quantified. To quantify cytotoxic efficiency of TEM and TCM, we developed a FRET-based single cell fluorescent assay with NALM6 target cells which allows analysis of target cell apoptosis, secondary necrosis following apoptosis, and primary necrosis after TEM- or TCM-target cell contact. Both, single cell and population cytotoxicity assays reveal a higher cytotoxic efficiency of TEM compared to TCM, as quantified by target cell apoptosis and secondary necrosis. Perforin, granzyme B, FasL, but not TRAIL expression are higher in TEM compared to TCM. Higher perforin levels (likely in combination with higher granzyme levels) mediate higher cytotoxic efficiency of TEM compared to TCM. Both, TEM and TCM need the same time to find their targets, however contact time between CTL and target, time to induce apoptosis, and time to induce secondary necrosis are all shorter for TEM. In addition, immune synapse formation in TEM appears to be slightly more efficient than in TCM. Defining and quantifying single TEM and TCM cytotoxicity and the respective mechanisms is important to optimize future subset-based immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schäfer
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Josephine Richter
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Eva C. Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eva C. Schwarz,
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29
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Duault C, Kumar A, Taghi Khani A, Lee SJ, Yang L, Huang M, Hurtz C, Manning B, Ghoda L, McDonald T, Lacayo NJ, Sakamoto KM, Carroll M, Tasian SK, Marcucci G, Yu J, Caligiuri MA, Maecker HT, Swaminathan S. Activated natural killer cells predict poor clinical prognosis in high-risk B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2021; 138:1465-1480. [PMID: 34077953 PMCID: PMC8532198 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B/T-ALL) may be refractory or recur after therapy by suppressing host anticancer immune surveillance mediated specifically by natural killer (NK) cells. We delineated the phenotypic and functional defects in NK cells from high-risk patients with B/T-ALL using mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and in silico cytometry, with the goal of further elucidating the role of NK cells in sustaining acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) regression. We found that, compared with their normal counterparts, NK cells from patients with B/T-ALL are less cytotoxic but exhibit an activated signature that is characterized by high CD56, high CD69, production of activated NK cell-origin cytokines, and calcium (Ca2+) signaling. We demonstrated that defective maturation of NK cells into cytotoxic effectors prevents NK cells from ALL from lysing NK cell-sensitive targets as efficiently as do normal NK cells. Additionally, we showed that NK cells in ALL are exhausted, which is likely caused by their chronic activation. We found that increased frequencies of activated cytokine-producing NK cells are associated with increased disease severity and independently predict poor clinical outcome in patients with ALL. Our studies highlight the benefits of developing NK cell profiling as a diagnostic tool to predict clinical outcome in patients with ALL and underscore the clinical potential of allogeneic NK cell infusions to prevent ALL recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duault
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Adeleh Taghi Khani
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Sung June Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bryan Manning
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lucy Ghoda
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Tinisha McDonald
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Norman J Lacayo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kathleen M Sakamoto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies and Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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30
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Zhang L, Bing S, Dong M, Lu X, Xiong Y. Targeting ion channels for the treatment of lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188629. [PMID: 34610420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is caused by several environmental and genetic variables and is globally associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Among these variables, membrane-bound ion channels have a key role in regulating multiple signaling pathways in tumor cells and dysregulation of ion channel expression and function is closely related to proliferation, migration, and metastasis of lung cancer. This work reviews and summarizes current knowledge about the role of ion channels in lung cancer, focusing on the changes in the expression and function of various ion channels in lung cancer and how these changes affect lung cancer cell biology both in vitro and in vivo as evidenced by both genetic and pharmacological studies. It can help understand the molecular mechanisms of various ion channels influencing the initiation and progression of lung cancer and shed new insights into their roles in the development and treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China.
| | - Shuya Bing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Mo Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Xiaoqiu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Yuancheng Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
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31
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Pick T, Beck A, Gamayun I, Schwarz Y, Schirra C, Jung M, Krause E, Niemeyer BA, Zimmermann R, Lang S, Anken EV, Cavalié A. Remodelling of Ca 2+ homeostasis is linked to enlarged endoplasmic reticulum in secretory cells. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102473. [PMID: 34560367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is extensively remodelled during the development of professional secretory cells to cope with high protein production. Since ER is the principal Ca2+ store in the cell, we characterised the Ca2+ homeostasis in NALM-6 and RPMI 8226 cells, which are commonly used as human pre-B and antibody secreting plasma cell models, respectively. Expression levels of Sec61 translocons and the corresponding Sec61-mediated Ca2+ leak from ER, Ca2+ storage capacity and store-operated Ca2+ entry were significantly enlarged in the secretory RPMI 8226 cell line. Using an immunoglobulin M heavy chain producing HeLa cell model, we found that the enlarged Ca2+ storage capacity and Ca2+ leak from ER are linked to ER expansion. Our data delineates a developmental remodelling of Ca2+ homeostasis in professional secretory cells in which a high Sec61-mediated Ca2+ leak and, thus, a high Ca2+ turnover in the ER is backed up by enhanced store-operated Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillman Pick
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pre-clinical Center for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Beck
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pre-clinical Center for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Igor Gamayun
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pre-clinical Center for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schwarz
- Molecular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schirra
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pre-clinical Centre for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Krause
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pre-clinical Centre for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sven Lang
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pre-clinical Centre for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Eelco van Anken
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Adolfo Cavalié
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pre-clinical Center for Molecular Signalling (PZMS), Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany.
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32
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Jones CA, Hazlehurst LA. Role of Calcium Homeostasis in Modulating EMT in Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1200. [PMID: 34572386 PMCID: PMC8471317 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is essential for cells to perform numerous physiological processes. In cancer, the augmentation of calcium signaling supports the more proliferative and migratory cells, which is a characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). By genetically and epigenetically modifying genes, channels, and entire signaling pathways, cancer cells have adapted to survive with an extreme imbalance of calcium that allows them to grow and metastasize in an abnormal manner. This cellular remodeling also allows for the evasion of immune surveillance and the development of drug resistance, which lead to poor prognosis in patients. Understanding the role calcium flux plays in driving the phenotypes associated with invasion, immune suppression, metastasis, and drug resistance remains critical for determining treatments to optimize clinical outcomes and future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori A. Hazlehurst
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
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33
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Sharma A, Ramena GT, Elble RC. Advances in Intracellular Calcium Signaling Reveal Untapped Targets for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1077. [PMID: 34572262 PMCID: PMC8466575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ distribution is a tightly regulated process. Numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required to maintain normal cellular physiology. Ca2+-binding proteins, mainly calmodulin and calbindins, sequester free intracellular Ca2+ ions and apportion or transport them to signaling hubs needing the cations. Ca2+ channels, ATP-driven pumps, and exchangers assist the binding proteins in transferring the ions to and from appropriate cellular compartments. Some, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, act as Ca2+ repositories. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is inefficient without the active contribution of these organelles. Moreover, certain key cellular processes also rely on inter-organellar Ca2+ signaling. This review attempts to encapsulate the structure, function, and regulation of major intracellular Ca2+ buffers, sensors, channels, and signaling molecules before highlighting how cancer cells manipulate them to survive and thrive. The spotlight is then shifted to the slow pace of translating such research findings into anticancer therapeutics. We use the PubMed database to highlight current clinical studies that target intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Drug repurposing and improving the delivery of small molecule therapeutics are further discussed as promising strategies for speeding therapeutic development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Grace T. Ramena
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Randolph C. Elble
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
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34
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Jung P, Zhou X, Iden S, Bischoff M, Qu B. T cell stiffness is enhanced upon formation of immunological synapse. eLife 2021; 10:66643. [PMID: 34313220 PMCID: PMC8360652 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are activated by target cells via an intimate contact, termed immunological synapse (IS). Cellular mechanical properties, especially stiffness, are essential to regulate cell functions. However, T cell stiffness at a subcellular level at the IS still remains largely elusive. In this work, we established an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based elasticity mapping method on whole T cells to obtain an overview of the stiffness with a resolution of ~60 nm. Using primary human CD4+ T cells, we show that when T cells form IS with stimulating antibody-coated surfaces, the lamellipodia are stiffer than the cell body. Upon IS formation, T cell stiffness is enhanced both at the lamellipodia and on the cell body. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+ abolishes IS-induced stiffening at the lamellipodia but has no influence on cell-body-stiffening, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms of IS-induced stiffening at the lamellipodia and the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jung
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xiangda Zhou
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Iden
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Center of Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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35
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Frazer GL, Gawden-Bone CM, Dieckmann NMG, Asano Y, Griffiths GM. Signal strength controls the rate of polarization within CTLs during killing. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212498. [PMID: 34292303 PMCID: PMC8302442 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key effector cells in the immune response against viruses and cancers, killing targets with high precision. Target cell recognition by CTL triggers rapid polarization of intracellular organelles toward the synapse formed with the target cell, delivering cytolytic granules to the immune synapse. Single amino acid changes within peptides binding MHC class I (pMHCs) are sufficient to modulate the degree of killing, but exactly how this impacts the choreography of centrosome polarization and granule delivery to the target cell remains poorly characterized. Here we use 4D imaging and find that the pathways orchestrating killing within CTL are conserved irrespective of the signal strength. However, the rate of initiation along these pathways varies with signal strength. We find that increased strength of signal leads to an increased proportion of CTLs with prolonged dwell times, initial Ca2+ fluxes, centrosome docking, and granule polarization. Hence, TCR signal strength modulates the rate but not organization of effector CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L Frazer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nele M G Dieckmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yukako Asano
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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36
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Zhu J, Yang W, Zhou X, Zöphel D, Soriano-Baguet L, Dolgener D, Carlein C, Hof C, Zhao R, Ye S, Schwarz EC, Brenner D, Prates Roma L, Qu B. High Glucose Enhances Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689337. [PMID: 34248978 PMCID: PMC8267470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are key players to eliminate tumorigenic or pathogen-infected cells using lytic granules (LG) and Fas ligand (FasL) pathways. Depletion of glucose leads to severely impaired cytotoxic function of CTLs. However, the impact of excessive glucose on CTL functions still remains largely unknown. Here we used primary human CD8+ T cells, which were stimulated by CD3/CD28 beads and cultured in medium either containing high glucose (HG, 25 mM) or normal glucose (NG, 5.6 mM). We found that in HG-CTLs, glucose uptake and glycolysis were enhanced, whereas proliferation remained unaltered. Furthermore, CTLs cultured in HG exhibited an enhanced CTL killing efficiency compared to their counterparts in NG. Unexpectedly, expression of cytotoxic proteins (perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B and FasL), LG release, cytokine/cytotoxic protein release and CTL migration remained unchanged in HG-cultured CTLs. Interestingly, additional extracellular Ca2+ diminished HG-enhanced CTL killing function. Our findings suggest that in an environment with excessive glucose, CTLs could eliminate target cells more efficiently, at least for a certain period of time, in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xiangda Zhou
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dorina Zöphel
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Leticia Soriano-Baguet
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Denise Dolgener
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Carlein
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chantal Hof
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Eva C. Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Immunology and Genetics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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37
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Neutrophils in Tumorigenesis: Missing Targets for Successful Next Generation Cancer Therapies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136744. [PMID: 34201758 PMCID: PMC8268516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils—once considered as simple killers of pathogens and unexciting for cancer research—are now acknowledged for their role in the process of tumorigenesis. Neutrophils are recruited to the tumor microenvironment where they turn into tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and are able to initiate and promote tumor progression and metastasis. Conversely, anti-tumorigenic properties of neutrophils have been documented, highlighting the versatile nature and high pleiotropic plasticity of these polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-L). Here, we dissect the ambivalent roles of TANs in cancer and focus on selected functional aspects that could be therapeutic targets. Indeed, the critical point of targeting TAN functions lies in the fact that an immunosuppressive state could be induced, resulting in unwanted side effects. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms linked to diverse TAN functions in different cancer types is necessary to define appropriate therapeutic strategies that are able to induce and maintain an anti-tumor microenvironment.
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38
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Ehlers FAI, Mahaweni NM, Olieslagers TI, Bos GMJ, Wieten L. Activated Natural Killer Cells Withstand the Relatively Low Glucose Concentrations Found in the Bone Marrow of Multiple Myeloma Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622896. [PMID: 34094908 PMCID: PMC8174784 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infusion of ex vivo expanded and cytokine-activated natural killer (NK) cells is a promising alternative way to treat multiple myeloma (MM). However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) may suppress their function. While reduced glucose availability is a TME hallmark of many solid tumors, glucose levels within the TME of hematological malignancies residing in the bone marrow (BM) remain unknown. Here, we measured glucose levels in the BM of MM patients and tested the effect of different glucose levels on NK cells. BM glucose levels were measured using a biochemical analyzer. Compared to the normal range of blood glucose, BM glucose levels were lower in 6 of 9 patients (479-1231 mg/L; mean=731.8 mg/L). The effect of different glucose levels on NK cell cytotoxicity was tested in 4-hour cytotoxicity assays with tumor cells. 500 mg/L glucose (representing low range of MM BM) during the 4-hour cytotoxicity assay did not negatively affect cytotoxicity of activated NK cells, while higher glucose concentrations (4000 mg/L) diminished NK cell cytotoxicity. Since clinical application of NK cell therapy might require ex vivo expansion, expanded NK cells were exposed to a range of glucose concentrations from 500-4000 mg/L for a longer period (4 days). This did not reduce cytotoxicity or IFN-γ secretion nor affected their phenotypic profile. In summary, low glucose concentrations, as found in BM of MM patients, by itself did not compromise the anti-tumor potential of IL-2 activated NK cells in vitro. Although follow up studies in models with a more complex TME would be relevant, our data suggest that highly activated NK cells could be used to target tumors with a reduced glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke A I Ehlers
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Niken M Mahaweni
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard M J Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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39
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A calcium optimum for cytotoxic T lymphocyte and natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 115:10-18. [PMID: 33358089 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells are required for host defense. They destroy malignant target cells like cancer cells. Among metal cations, Ca2+ plays a prescinded role for CTL and NK cytotoxicity as it is the only cation used as ubiquitous second messenger. Measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentrations [Ca2+]int in single cells has greatly changed our understanding of Ca2+ signaling. Yet, comparing the role of Ca2+ in the pre-[Ca2+]int and [Ca2+]int measurement era reveals that even in the pre-[Ca2+]int measurement era (before 1980), the functions of Ca2+ and some other metal cations for the cytotoxic immune response were well established. It was even shown that Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane but not Ca2+ release from intracellular sources is relevant for lymphocyte cytotoxicity and that very little Ca2+ is needed for efficient lymphocyte cytotoxicity against cancer cells. In the [Ca2+]int measurement era after 1980, many of the important findings were better and more quantitatively refined and in addition the molecules important for Ca2+ transport were defined. The unexpected finding that there is a Ca2+ optimum of CTL and NK cell cytotoxicity deserves some attention and may be important for anti-cancer therapy.
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40
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Zöphel D, Hof C, Lis A. Altered Ca 2+ Homeostasis in Immune Cells during Aging: Role of Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010110. [PMID: 33374304 PMCID: PMC7794837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an unstoppable process and begins shortly after birth. Each cell of the organism is affected by the irreversible process, not only with equal density but also at varying ages and with different speed. Therefore, aging can also be understood as an adaptation to a continually changing cellular environment. One of these very prominent changes in age affects Ca2+ signaling. Especially immune cells highly rely on Ca2+-dependent processes and a strictly regulated Ca2+ homeostasis. The intricate patterns of impaired immune cell function may represent a deficit or compensatory mechanisms. Besides, altered immune function through Ca2+ signaling can profoundly affect the development of age-related disease. This review attempts to summarize changes in Ca2+ signaling due to channels and receptors in T cells and beyond in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette Lis
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-06841-1616318; Fax: +49-(0)-6841-1616302
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41
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Bakowski D, Murray F, Parekh AB. Store-Operated Ca 2+ Channels: Mechanism, Function, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Targets. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 61:629-654. [PMID: 32966177 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031620-105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels are a major route for Ca2+ entry in eukaryotic cells. These channels are store operated, opening when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is depleted of Ca2+, and are composed of the ER Ca2+ sensor protein STIM and the pore-forming plasma membrane subunit Orai. Recent years have heralded major strides in our understanding of the structure, gating, and function of the channels. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants combined with RNAi knockdown strategies have revealed important roles for the channel in numerous human diseases, making the channel a clinically relevant target. Drugs targeting the channels generally lack specificity or exhibit poor efficacy in animal models. However, the landscape is changing, and CRAC channel blockers are now entering clinical trials. Here, we describe the key molecular and biological features of CRAC channels, consider various diseases associated with aberrant channel activity, and discuss targeting of the channels from a therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fraser Murray
- Pandeia Therapeutics, Oxford OX4 4GP, United Kingdom
| | - Anant B Parekh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom; , .,Current affiliation: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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42
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Pethő Z, Najder K, Carvalho T, McMorrow R, Todesca LM, Rugi M, Bulk E, Chan A, Löwik CWGM, Reshkin SJ, Schwab A. pH-Channeling in Cancer: How pH-Dependence of Cation Channels Shapes Cancer Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2484. [PMID: 32887220 PMCID: PMC7565548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue acidosis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression: in particular, interstitial acidosis promotes tumor cell invasion, and is a major contributor to the dysregulation of tumor immunity and tumor stromal cells. The cell membrane and integral membrane proteins commonly act as important sensors and transducers of altered pH. Cell adhesion molecules and cation channels are prominent membrane proteins, the majority of which is regulated by protons. The pathophysiological consequences of proton-sensitive ion channel function in cancer, however, are scarcely considered in the literature. Thus, the main focus of this review is to highlight possible events in tumor progression and tumor immunity where the pH sensitivity of cation channels could be of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pethő
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Karolina Najder
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Tiago Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (T.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Roisin McMorrow
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3035 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (C.W.G.M.L.)
| | - Luca Matteo Todesca
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Micol Rugi
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros B.V., 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Clemens W. G. M. Löwik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3035 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.); (C.W.G.M.L.)
- Department of Oncology CHUV, UNIL and Ludwig Cancer Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 90126 Bari, Italy; (T.C.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, 48147 Münster, Germany; (K.N.); (L.M.T.); (M.R.); (E.B.); (A.S.)
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43
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Bruce JIE, James AD. Targeting the Calcium Signalling Machinery in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092351. [PMID: 32825277 PMCID: PMC7565467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused by excessive cell proliferation and a propensity to avoid cell death, while the spread of cancer is facilitated by enhanced cellular migration, invasion, and vascularization. Cytosolic Ca2+ is central to each of these important processes, yet to date, there are no cancer drugs currently being used clinically, and very few undergoing clinical trials, that target the Ca2+ signalling machinery. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the emerging evidence that targeting key components of the Ca2+ signalling machinery represents a novel and relatively untapped therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. E. Bruce
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-161-275-5484
| | - Andrew D. James
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
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44
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Zou H, Yang W, Schwär G, Zhao R, Alansary D, Yin D, Schwarz EC, Niemeyer BA, Qu B. High glucose distinctively regulates Ca 2+ influx in cytotoxic T lymphocytes upon target recognition and thapsigargin stimulation. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:2095-2098. [PMID: 32697355 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In CTLs: High glucose-culture enhances thapsigargin-induced SOCE but decreases target recognition-induced Ca2+ influx. High glucose-culture regulates expression of ORAIs and STIMs without affecting glucose uptake. More high glucose-cultured CTLs are prone to necrosis after execution of killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajiao Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schwär
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dalia Alansary
- Molecular Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Deling Yin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
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45
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Vaeth M, Kahlfuss S, Feske S. CRAC Channels and Calcium Signaling in T Cell-Mediated Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:878-901. [PMID: 32711944 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signals play fundamental roles in immune cell function. The main sources of Ca2+ influx in mammalian lymphocytes following antigen receptor stimulation are Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. These are formed by ORAI proteins in the plasma membrane and are activated by stromal interaction molecules (STIM) located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Human loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in ORAI1 and STIM1 that abolish Ca2+ influx cause a unique disease syndrome called CRAC channelopathy that is characterized by immunodeficiency autoimmunity and non-immunological symptoms. Studies in mice lacking Stim and Orai genes have illuminated many cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these molecules control lymphocyte function. CRAC channels are required for the differentiation and function of several T lymphocyte subsets that provide immunity to infection, mediate inflammation and prevent autoimmunity. This review examines new insights into how CRAC channels control T cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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46
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Sleiman M, Stevens DR, Chitirala P, Rettig J. Cytotoxic Granule Trafficking and Fusion in Synaptotagmin7-Deficient Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1080. [PMID: 32547563 PMCID: PMC7273742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are derived from the lysosomal compartment. Synaptotagmin7 (Syt7) appears to be the calcium sensor triggering fusion of lysosomes in fibroblasts. Syt7 has been proposed to control cytotoxic granule (CG) fusion in lymphocytes and mice lacking Syt7 have reduced ability to clear infections. However, fusion of CG persists in the absence of Syt7. To clarify the role of Syt7 in CTL function, we have examined the fusion of cytotoxic granules of CD8+ T-lymphocytes from Syt7 knock-out mice. We have recorded granule fusion in living CTL, using total internal reflection microscopy. Since Syt7 is considered a high affinity calcium-sensor specialized for fusion under low calcium conditions, we have compared cytotoxic granule fusion under low and high calcium conditions in the same CTL. There was no difference in latencies or numbers of fusion events per CTL under low-calcium conditions, indicating that Syt7 is not required for cytotoxic granule fusion. A deficit of fusion in Syt7 KO CTL was seen when a high-calcium solution was introduced. Expressing wild type Syt7 in Syt7 KO lymphocytes reversed this deficit, confirming its Syt7-dependence. Mutations of Syt7 which disrupt calcium binding to its C2A domain reduced the efficacy of this rescue. We counted the cytotoxic granules present at the plasma membrane to determine if the lack of fusion events in the Syt7 KO CTL was due to a lack of granules. In low calcium there were no differences in fusion events per CTL, and granule numbers were similar. In high calcium, granule number was similar though wild type CTL exhibited significantly more fusion than Syt7 KO CTL. The modest differences in granule counts do not account for the lack of fusion in high calcium in Syt7 KO CTL. In Syt7 KO CTL expressing wild type Syt7, delivery of cytotoxic granules to the plasma membrane was comparable to that of wild type CTL. Syt7 KO CTL expressing Syt7 with deficient calcium binding in the C2A domain had significantly less fusion and fewer CG at the plasma membrane. These results indicate that Syt7 is involved in trafficking of CG to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sleiman
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - David R Stevens
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Praneeth Chitirala
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rettig
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Various Stages of Immune Synapse Formation Are Differently Dependent on the Strength of the TCR Stimulus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072475. [PMID: 32252488 PMCID: PMC7177831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are key players of the adaptive immune system that target tumors and infected cells. A central step to that is the formation of a cell–cell contact zone between the CTL and its target called an immune synapse (IS). Here, we investigate the influence of the initial T cell receptor (TCR) trigger of a cytolytic IS on the distinct steps leading to cytotoxic granule (CG) exocytosis. We stimulated primary CTLs from mouse using lipid bilayers with varying anti-CD3 but constant ICAM concentrations. We fluorescently labeled molecular markers of distinct IS zones such as actin, CD3, granzyme B, and Synaptobrevin2 in CTLs and imaged cytolytic IS formation by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). We found that an intermediate anti-CD3 concentration of 10 µg/mL induces the fastest adhesion of CTLs to the bilayers and results in maximal CG fusion efficiency. The latency of actin ring formation, dwell time, and maximum surface area at the IS exhibit different dependencies on the stimulatory anti-CD3 concentrations. The number and surface area of CD3 clusters at the IS seem to show a different dependency to the TCR trigger when compared to their dwell time. Finally, the mode of full CG exocytosis appears to be independent of the TCR trigger.
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48
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Angenendt A, Steiner R, Knörck A, Schwär G, Konrad M, Krause E, Lis A. Orai, STIM, and PMCA contribute to reduced calcium signal generation in CD8 + T cells of elderly mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3266-3286. [PMID: 32062611 PMCID: PMC7066920 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ is a crucial second messenger for proper T cell function. Considering the relevance of Ca2+ signals for T cell functionality it is surprising that no mechanistic insights into T cell Ca2+ signals from elderly individuals are reported. The main Ca2+ entry mechanism in T cells are STIM-activated Orai channels. Their role during lymphocyte aging is completely unknown. Here, we report not only reduced Ca2+ signals in untouched and stimulated, but also in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells from elderly (18-24 months) compared to adult (3-6 months) mice. Two mechanisms contribute to the overall reduction in Ca2+ signals of CD8+ T cells of elderly mice: 1) Reduced Ca2+ currents through Orai channels due to decreased expressions of STIMs and Orais. 2) A faster extrusion of Ca2+ owing to an increased expression of PMCA4. The reduced Ca2+ signals correlated with a resistance of the cytotoxic efficiency of CD8+ T cells to varying free [Ca2+]ext with age. In summary, reduced STIM/Orai expression and increased Ca2+ clearing rates following enhanced PMCA4 expression contribute to reduced Ca2+ signals in CD8+ T cells of elderly mice. These changes are apparently relevant to immune function as they reduce the Ca2+ dependency of CTL cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Angenendt
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Romy Steiner
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany.,Present address: Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Arne Knörck
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schwär
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Maik Konrad
- Molecular Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Elmar Krause
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Annette Lis
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
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49
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The regulatory roles of calcium channels in tumors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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So CL, Saunus JM, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. Calcium signalling and breast cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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