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Valentino TR, Burke BI, Kang G, Goh J, Dungan CM, Ismaeel A, Mobley CB, Flythe MD, Wen Y, McCarthy JJ. Microbial-Derived Exerkines Prevent Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596432. [PMID: 38854012 PMCID: PMC11160717 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise yields a multitude of systemic benefits, many of which may be mediated through the gut microbiome. Here, we report that cecal microbial transplants (CMTs) from exercise-trained vs. sedentary mice have modest benefits in reducing skeletal muscle atrophy using a mouse model of unilaterally hindlimb-immobilization. Direct administration of top microbial-derived exerkines from an exercise-trained gut microbiome preserved muscle function and prevented skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Valentino
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Current Address: Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA
| | - Benjamin I Burke
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Gyumin Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jensen Goh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Cory M Dungan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Current Address: Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health & Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - C Brooks Mobley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Current Address: School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA Agriculture Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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2
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Chen S, Huang L, Liu B, Duan H, Li Z, Liu Y, Li H, Fu X, Lin J, Xu Y, Liu L, Wan D, Yin Y, Xie L. Dynamic changes in butyrate levels regulate satellite cell homeostasis by preventing spontaneous activation during aging. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:745-764. [PMID: 38157106 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in systemic metabolic processes and in particular functions, such as developing and preserving the skeletal muscle system. However, the interplay between gut microbiota/metabolites and the regulation of satellite cell (SC) homeostasis, particularly during aging, remains elusive. We propose that gut microbiota and its metabolites modulate SC physiology and homeostasis throughout skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and aging process. Our investigation reveals that microbial dysbiosis manipulated by either antibiotic treatment or fecal microbiota transplantation from aged to adult mice, leads to the activation of SCs or a significant reduction in the total number. Furthermore, employing multi-omics (e.g., RNA-seq, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics) and bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrate that the reduced butyrate levels, alongside the gut microbial dysbiosis, could be the primary factor contributing to the reduction in the number of SCs and subsequent impairments during skeletal muscle aging. Meanwhile, butyrate supplementation can mitigate the antibiotics-induced SC activation irrespective of gut microbiota, potentially by inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of SCs/myoblasts. The butyrate effect is likely facilitated through the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Mct1), a lactate transporter enriched on membranes of SCs and myoblasts. As a result, butyrate could serve as an alternative strategy to enhance SC homeostasis and function during skeletal muscle aging. Our findings shed light on the potential application of microbial metabolites in maintaining SC homeostasis and preventing skeletal muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liujing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Bingdong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China
| | - Hu Li
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Metabo-Profile Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Yinlan Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 524023, China.
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Liwei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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3
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Zhang Q, Li X, Huang T, Zhang S, Teng K, Rousitemu N, Lan T, Wen Y. Alterations in the diversity, composition and function of the gut microbiota in Uyghur individuals with sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol 2024; 187:112376. [PMID: 38331300 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the gut microbiota has emerged as a new direction for understanding pathophysiologic changes in diseases associated with aging, such as sarcopenia. Several studies have shown that there are differences in the gut microbiota between individuals with sarcopenia and without sarcopenia. However, these differences are not consistent across regions and ethnic groups, and additional research is needed. METHODS In this study, we collected fresh fecal samples from 31 Uyghur individuals with sarcopenia and 31 healthy controls. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to obtain fecal base sequences and analyzed the diversity, composition and function of the gut microbiota. RESULTS There was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the sarcopenia group and the healthy control group (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in beta diversity between the groups (P < 0.05). In the sarcopenia group, the abundances of Alloprevotella, un_f_Prevotellaceae, Anaerovibrio, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Mitsuokella, Prevotella and Allisonella were lower than those in the heathy control group, and the abundances of Flavobacteriales, Flavobacteriaceae, Catenibacterium, Romboutsia, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, GCA-900066575, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, and un_f_Flavobacteriaceae were higher than those in the heathy control group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that the microbial species in the control group that were significantly different from those in the sarcopenia group were concentrated in the genus Alloprevotella, while the species in the sarcopenia group were concentrated in the genus Catenibacterium. Functional prediction analysis revealed that D-alanine, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and transcription machinery, among others, were enriched in the sarcopenia group, which indicated that metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism and nutrient transport may be regulated to varying degrees in the pathophysiological context of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota between Xinjiang Uyghur sarcopenia individuals and healthy individuals. These findings might aid in the development of probiotics or microbial-based therapies for sarcopenia in Uyhur individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxi Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kunchen Teng
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Namuna Rousitemu
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Youfeng Wen
- Institute of Biological Anthropology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
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4
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Koopmans PJ, Williams‐Frey TD, Zwetsloot KA. Stuart has got the PoWeR! Skeletal muscle adaptations to a novel heavy progressive weighted wheel running exercise model in C57BL/6 mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:271-282. [PMID: 37974360 PMCID: PMC10988744 DOI: 10.1113/ep091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Murine exercise models are developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating muscle mass. A progressive weighted wheel running model, named 'PoWeR', was previously developed to serve as a more translatable alternative to involuntary resistance-type exercise models in rodents, such as synergist ablation. However, mice still run great distances despite the added resistance as evidenced by a large glycolytic-to-oxidative shift in muscle fibre type. Thus, PoWeR reflects a blended resistance/endurance model. In an attempt to bias PoWeR further towards resistance-type exercise, we developed a novel heavy PoWeR model (hPoWeR) utilizing higher wheel loads (max of 12.5 g vs 6 g). Adult male C57BL/6 mice voluntarily performed an 8-week progressive loading protocol (PoWeR or hPoWeR). Running distance peaked at ∼5-6 km day-1 in both treatments and was maintained by PoWeR mice, but declined in the hPoWeR mice as load increased beyond 7.5 g. Peak isometric force of the gastrocnemius-soleus-plantaris complex tended to increase in wheel running treatments. Soleus mass increased by 19% and 24% in PoWeR and hPoWeR treatments, respectively, and plantaris fibre cross-sectional area was greater in hPoWeR, compared to PoWeR. There were fewer glycolytic and more oxidative fibres in the soleus and plantaris muscles in the PoWeR treatment, but not hPoWeR. Collectively, these data suggest hPoWeR may modestly alter skeletal muscle supporting the aim of better reflecting typical resistance training adaptations, in line with decreased running volume and exposure to higher resistance. Regardless, PoWeR remains an effective hypertrophic concurrent training model in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter J. Koopmans
- Integrative Muscle Physiology LaboratoryAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Public Health and Exercise ScienceAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Therin D. Williams‐Frey
- Integrative Muscle Physiology LaboratoryAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kevin A. Zwetsloot
- Integrative Muscle Physiology LaboratoryAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Public Health and Exercise ScienceAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of BiologyAppalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA
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5
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Ismaeel A, Valentino TR, Burke B, Goh J, Saliu TP, Albathi F, Owen A, McCarthy JJ, Wen Y. Acetate and succinate benefit host muscle energetics as exercise-associated post-biotics. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15848. [PMID: 37940330 PMCID: PMC10632089 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has emerged as a potent modulator of exercise-induced systemic adaptation and appears to be crucial for mediating some of the benefits of exercise. This study builds upon previous evidence establishing a gut microbiome-skeletal muscle axis, identifying exercise-induced changes in microbiome composition. Metagenomics sequencing of fecal samples from non-exercise-trained controls or exercise-trained mice was conducted. Biodiversity indices indicated exercise training did not change alpha diversity. However, there were notable differences in beta-diversity between trained and untrained microbiomes. Exercise significantly increased the level of the bacterial species Muribaculaceae bacterium DSM 103720. Computation simulation of bacterial growth was used to predict metabolites that accumulate under in silico culture of exercise-responsive bacteria. We identified acetate and succinate as potential gut microbial metabolites that are produced by Muribaculaceae bacterium, which were then administered to mice during a period of mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy. Although no differences were observed for the overall muscle growth response to succinate or acetate administration during the first 5 days of mechanical overload-induced hypertrophy, acetate and succinate increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. When given as post-biotics, succinate or acetate treatment may improve oxidative metabolism during muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | | | - Benjamin Burke
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jensen Goh
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Tolulope P. Saliu
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Fatmah Albathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Allison Owen
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Athletic TrainingCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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Lee YH, Kim MS, Lee Y, Wang C, Yun SC, Lee JS. Synergistic adverse effects of microfibers and freshwater acidification on host-microbiota interactions in the water flea Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132026. [PMID: 37473567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfibers are the most common type of microplastics in freshwater environments. Anthropogenic climate stressors, such as freshwater acidification (FA), can interact with plastic pollution to disrupt freshwater ecosystems. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the interactive effects of microfibers and FA on aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated individual Daphnia magna-microbiota interactions affected by interactions between microfibers and FA (MFA). We found that the accumulated amount of microfibers in pH-treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control groups, resulting in negative consequences on reproduction, growth, and sex ratio. We also observed that MFA interactions induced immunity- and reproduction-related biological processes. In particular, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria increased only in MFA groups, indicating that MFA interactions can cause intestinal damage. Our integrated analysis of microbiomes and host transcriptomes revealed that synergistic adverse effects of MFAs are closely related to changes in microbial communities, suggesting that D. magna fitness and the microbial community are causally linked. These finding may help elucidate the toxicity mechanisms governing the responses of D. magna to microfibers and acidification interactions, and to host-microbiome-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Sub Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Yoseop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chuxin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seong Chan Yun
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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7
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Roberts MD, McCarthy JJ, Hornberger TA, Phillips SM, Mackey AL, Nader GA, Boppart MD, Kavazis AN, Reidy PT, Ogasawara R, Libardi CA, Ugrinowitsch C, Booth FW, Esser KA. Mechanisms of mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy: current understanding and future directions. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2679-2757. [PMID: 37382939 PMCID: PMC10625844 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying mechanical overload-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been extensively researched since the landmark report by Morpurgo (1897) of "work-induced hypertrophy" in dogs that were treadmill trained. Much of the preclinical rodent and human resistance training research to date supports that involved mechanisms include enhanced mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, an expansion in translational capacity through ribosome biogenesis, increased satellite cell abundance and myonuclear accretion, and postexercise elevations in muscle protein synthesis rates. However, several lines of past and emerging evidence suggest that additional mechanisms that feed into or are independent of these processes are also involved. This review first provides a historical account of how mechanistic research into skeletal muscle hypertrophy has progressed. A comprehensive list of mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy is then outlined, and areas of disagreement involving these mechanisms are presented. Finally, future research directions involving many of the discussed mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - John J McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nader
- Department of Kinesiology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Riki Ogasawara
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleiton A Libardi
- MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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8
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Marullo AL, O'Halloran KD. Microbes, metabolites and muscle: Is the gut-muscle axis a plausible therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1132-1143. [PMID: 37269541 PMCID: PMC10988500 DOI: 10.1113/ep091063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The contribution of gut microbial signalling to skeletal muscle maintenance and development and identification of potential therapeutic targets in progressive muscle degenerative diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What advances does it highlight? Gut microbe-derived metabolites are multifaceted signalling molecules key to muscle function, modifying pathways contributing to skeletal muscle wasting, making them a plausible target for adjunctive therapy in muscular dystrophy. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ making up ∼50% of body mass. Because skeletal muscle has both metabolic and endocrine properties, it can manipulate the microbial populations within the gut. In return, microbes exert considerable influence on skeletal muscle via numerous signalling pathways. Gut bacteria produce metabolites (i.e., short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and neurotransmitter substrates) that act as fuel sources and modulators of inflammation, influencing host muscle development, growth and maintenance. The reciprocal interactions between microbes, metabolites and muscle establish a bidirectional gut-muscle axis. The muscular dystrophies constitute a broad range of disorders with varying disabilities. In the profoundly debilitating monogenic disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), skeletal muscle undergoes a reduction in muscle regenerative capacity leading to progressive muscle wasting, resulting in fibrotic remodelling and adipose infiltration. The loss of respiratory muscle in DMD culminates in respiratory insufficiency and eventually premature death. The pathways contributing to aberrant muscle remodelling are potentially modulated by gut microbial metabolites, thus making them plausible targets for pre- and probiotic supplementation. Prednisone, the gold standard therapy for DMD, drives gut dysbiosis, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype and leaky gut barrier contributing to several of the well-known side effects associated with chronic glucocorticoid treatment. Several studies have observed that gut microbial supplementation or transplantation exerts positive effects on muscle, including mitigating the side effects of prednisone. There is growing evidence in support of the potential for an adjunctive microbiota-directed regimen designed to optimise gut-muscle axis signalling, which could alleviate muscle wasting in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Marullo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ken D. O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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9
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Chaffer TJ, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F. The gut-muscle axis shapes exercise performance. J Physiol 2023; 601:3445-3446. [PMID: 37232135 DOI: 10.1113/jp284905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Jordi Chaffer
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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10
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Dowden RA, Wisniewski PJ, Longoria CR, Oydanich M, McNulty T, Rodriguez E, Zhang J, Cavallo M, Guers JJ, Vatner DE, Vatner SF, Campbell SC. Microbiota Mediate Enhanced Exercise Capacity Induced by Exercise Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1392-1400. [PMID: 36924325 PMCID: PMC10363229 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effects of gut microbes, and the mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance induced by exercise training, i.e., skeletal muscle blood flow, and mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function in male mice. METHODS All mice received a graded exercise test before (PRE) and after exercise training via forced treadmill running at 60% to 70% of maximal running capacity 5 d·wk -1 for 5 wk (POST). To examine the role of the gut microbes, the graded exercise was repeated after 7 d of access to antibiotic (ABX)-treated water, used to eliminate gut microbes. Peripheral blood flow, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were collected at each time point. RESULTS Exercise training led to increases of 60% ± 13% in maximal running distance and 63% ± 11% work to exhaustion ( P < 0.001). These increases were abolished after ABX ( P < 0.001). Exercise training increased hindlimb blood flow and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function, including AMP-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1, PGC-1α citrate synthase, complex IV, and nitric oxide, all of which were also abolished by ABX treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept that gut microbiota mediate enhanced exercise capacity after exercise training and the mechanisms responsible, i.e., hindlimb blood flow, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic profile. Finally, results of this study emphasize the need to fully examine the impact of prescribing ABX to athletes during their training regimens and how this may affect their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Dowden
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Paul J. Wisniewski
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Candace R. Longoria
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Tara McNulty
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Esther Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Mark Cavallo
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - John J. Guers
- Department of Biology, Behavioral Neuroscience and Health Science, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ
| | - Dorothy E. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Stephen F. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - Sara C. Campbell
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
- The Center for Nutrition, Microbiome & Health Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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11
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Uchida M, Fujie S, Yano H, Iemitsu M. Aerobic exercise training-induced alteration of gut microbiota composition affects endurance capacity. J Physiol 2023; 601:2329-2344. [PMID: 37056044 DOI: 10.1113/jp283995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify whether aerobic exercise training-induced alterations in the gut microbiota affect physiological adaptation with endurance exercise capacity. In study 1, ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: vehicle intake + sedentary (V+S), vehicle intake + exercise training (V+Ex) and antibiotic intake + exercise training (AB+Ex). In the exercise training groups, treadmill running was performed for 8 weeks. During the exercise training intervention, the antibiotic-intake group freely drank water containing antibiotics. In study 2, ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, transplantation of caecum microbiota from sedentary mice (Sed-CMT) and exercise training mice (Ex-CMT). In study 1, the treadmill running time to exhaustion, an index of maximal aerobic capacity, after aerobic exercise training in the V+Ex group was significantly longer than that in the V+S and AB+Ex groups. Gastrocnemius muscle citrate synthase (CS) activity and PGC-1α protein levels in the V+Ex group were significantly higher than in the V+S and AB+Ex groups. The bacterial Erysipelotrichaceae and Alcaligenaceae families were positively correlated with treadmill running time to exhaustion. In study 2, the treadmill running time to exhaustion after transplantation was significantly higher in the Ex-CMT group than in the Sham and Sed-CMT groups. Furthermore, CS activity and PGC-1α protein levels in the gastrocnemius muscle were significantly higher in the Ex-CMT group than in the Sham and Sed-CMT groups. Thus, gut microbiota altered by aerobic exercise training may be involved in the augmentation of endurance capacity and muscle mitochondrial energy metabolism. KEY POINTS: Aerobic exercise training changes gut microbiota composition, and the Erysipelotrichaceae and Alcaligenaceae families were among the altered gut bacteria. The gut microbiota was associated with endurance performance and metabolic regulator levels in skeletal muscle after aerobic exercise training. Continuous antibiotic treatment attenuated the increase in endurance performance, citrate synthase activity and PGC-1α levels in skeletal muscle induced by aerobic exercise training. Gut microbiota transplantation from exercise-trained mice improved endurance performance and metabolic regulator levels in recipient skeletal muscle, despite the absence of aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Uchida
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yano
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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12
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Calabrò S, Kankowski S, Cescon M, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Peripheral Nervous System in Physiological, Regenerative and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098061. [PMID: 37175764 PMCID: PMC10179357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that the gut microbiota is responsible for essential functions in human health and that its perturbation is implicated in the development and progression of a growing list of diseases. The number of studies evaluating how the gut microbiota interacts with and influences other organs and systems in the body and vice versa is constantly increasing and several 'gut-organ axes' have already been defined. Recently, the view on the link between the gut microbiota (GM) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has become broader by exceeding the fact that the PNS can serve as a systemic carrier of GM-derived metabolites and products to other organs. The PNS as the communication network between the central nervous system and the periphery of the body and internal organs can rather be affected itself by GM perturbation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the impact of gut microbiota on the PNS, with regard to its somatic and autonomic divisions, in physiological, regenerative and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Calabrò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
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13
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Deng R, Wang M, Song Y, Shi Y. A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040903. [PMID: 37110325 PMCID: PMC10141121 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to provide an overview of research hotspots and trends in exercise and the gut microbiome, a field which has recently gained increasing attention. The relevant publications on exercise and the gut microbiome were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publication types were limited to articles and reviews. VOSviewer 1.6.18 (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands) and the R package "bibliometrix" (R Foundation: Vienna, Austria) were used to conduct a bibliometric analysis. A total of 327 eligible publications were eventually identified, including 245 original articles and 82 reviews. A time trend analysis showed that the number of publications rapidly increased after 2014. The leading countries/regions in this field were the USA, China, and Europe. Most of the active institutions were from Europe and the USA. Keyword analysis showed that the relationship between disease, the gut microbiome, and exercise occurs throughout the development of this field of research. The interactions between the gut microbiota, exercise, status of the host's internal environment, and probiotics, are important facets as well. The research topic evolution presents a trend of multidisciplinary and multi-perspective comprehensive analysis. Exercise might become an effective intervention for disease treatment by regulating the gut microbiome. The innovation of exercise-centered lifestyle intervention therapy may become a significant trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Deng
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mopei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yahan Song
- Library, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Hutchinson NT, Wang SS, Dokhanchi J, Johnson RW, Buford TW, Allen JM, Woods JA. Effects of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Treatment or Germ-Free Status on Endurance Performance and Exercise Adaptations in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:225-234. [PMID: 36170555 PMCID: PMC9840680 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise alters the gut microbiome independently of diet. The extent to which gut microbes are responsible for physiologic adaptations to exercise training is unknown. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the role of gut microbes in performance and muscle adaptation to 6 wk of voluntary wheel running (VWR) in mice. METHODS We depleted microbes with broad-spectrum antibiotic (ABX) treatment and used germ-free (GF) mice to determine effects on adaptations to VWR. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice ( n = 56) were assigned to daily VWR or sedentary conditions. After the intervention, treadmill endurance and glucose tolerance were assessed, and gastrocnemius and soleus tissues were harvested and analyzed for citrate synthase (CS) enzyme activity and expression of exercise training-sensitive genes. RESULTS ABX treatment and GF status resulted in VWR volumes ~22% and 26% lower than controls, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed that, although VWR increased treadmill endurance, ABX had no effect. GF status significantly reduced treadmill performance in trained GF mice after training. VWR increased gastrocnemius CS enzyme activity in all groups, and ABX and GF status did not reduce the VWR effect. VWR also increased muscle expression of PGC1a, but this was not affected by ABX treatment. CONCLUSIONS ABX treatment and GF status reduced VWR behavior but did not affect VWR-induced adaptations in endurance capacity, CS activity, or expression of muscle metabolic genes. However, GF status reduced endurance capacity. These data indicated that reducing microbes in adulthood does not inhibit endurance training adaptations in C57Bl/6 mice, but that GF mice possess a reduced responsiveness to endurance exercise training, perhaps because of a developmental defect associated with lack of microbes from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T. Hutchinson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Selena S. Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Jack Dokhanchi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jacob M. Allen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Jeffrey A. Woods
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
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15
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Chew W, Lim YP, Lim WS, Chambers ES, Frost G, Wong SH, Ali Y. Gut-muscle crosstalk. A perspective on influence of microbes on muscle function. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1065365. [PMID: 36698827 PMCID: PMC9868714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1065365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our gastrointestinal system functions to digest and absorb ingested food, but it is also home to trillions of microbes that change across time, nutrition, lifestyle, and disease conditions. Largely commensals, these microbes are gaining prominence with regards to how they collectively affect the function of important metabolic organs, from the adipose tissues to the endocrine pancreas to the skeletal muscle. Muscle, as the biggest utilizer of ingested glucose and an important reservoir of body proteins, is intricately linked with homeostasis, and with important anabolic and catabolic functions, respectively. Herein, we provide a brief overview of how gut microbiota may influence muscle health and how various microbes may in turn be altered during certain muscle disease states. Specifically, we discuss recent experimental and clinical evidence in support for a role of gut-muscle crosstalk and include suggested underpinning molecular mechanisms that facilitate this crosstalk in health and diseased conditions. We end with a brief perspective on how exercise and pharmacological interventions may interface with the gut-muscle axis to improve muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Chew
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Lim
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Shiong Lim
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward S. Chambers
- Section for Nutrition Research, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Health Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yusuf Ali ✉
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16
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Boytar AN, Nitert MD, Morrision M, Skinner TL, Jenkins DG. Exercise-induced changes to the human gut microbiota and implications for colorectal cancer: a narrative review. J Physiol 2022; 600:5189-5201. [PMID: 36369926 PMCID: PMC10099575 DOI: 10.1113/jp283702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, recurrence and mortality. While these findings are consistent, the mechanism/s underlying this association remain unclear. Growing evidence supports the many ways in which differing characteristics of the gut microbiota can be tumourigenic or protective against CRC. CRC is characterised by significant dysbiosis including reduced short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. Recent findings suggest that exercise can modify the gut microbiota, and these changes are inverse to the changes seen with CRC; however, this exercise-microbiota interaction is currently understudied in CRC. This review summarises parallel areas of research that are rapidly developing: The exercise-gut microbiota research and cancer-gut microbiota research and highlights the salient similarities. Preliminary evidence suggests that these areas are linked, with exercise mediating changes that promote the antitumorigenic characteristics of the gut microbiota. Future mechanistic and population-specific studies are warranted to confirm the physiological mechanism/s by which exercise changes the gut microbiota, and the influence of the exercise-gut interaction on cancer specific outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Boytar
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrision
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David G Jenkins
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia.,Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Swansea University, Wales, UK
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17
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Dungan CM, Brightwell CR, Wen Y, Zdunek CJ, Latham CM, Thomas NT, Zagzoog AM, Brightwell BD, Nolt GL, Keeble AR, Watowich SJ, Murach KA, Fry CS. Muscle-Specific Cellular and Molecular Adaptations to Late-Life Voluntary Concurrent Exercise. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac027. [PMID: 35774589 PMCID: PMC9233305 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Murine exercise models can provide information on factors that influence muscle adaptability with aging, but few translatable solutions exist. Progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR) is a simple, voluntary, low-cost, high-volume endurance/resistance exercise approach for training young mice. In the current investigation, aged mice (22-mo-old) underwent a modified version of PoWeR for 8 wk. Muscle functional, cellular, biochemical, transcriptional, and myonuclear DNA methylation analyses provide an encompassing picture of how muscle from aged mice responds to high-volume combined training. Mice run 6-8 km/d, and relative to sedentary mice, PoWeR increases plantarflexor muscle strength. The oxidative soleus of aged mice responds to PoWeR similarly to young mice in every parameter measured in previous work; this includes muscle mass, glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber type transitioning, fiber size, satellite cell frequency, and myonuclear number. The oxidative/glycolytic plantaris adapts according to fiber type, but with modest overall changes in muscle mass. Capillarity increases markedly with PoWeR in both muscles, which may be permissive for adaptability in advanced age. Comparison to published PoWeR RNA-sequencing data in young mice identified conserved regulators of adaptability across age and muscles; this includes Aldh1l1 which associates with muscle vasculature. Agrn and Samd1 gene expression is upregulated after PoWeR simultaneous with a hypomethylated promoter CpG in myonuclear DNA, which could have implications for innervation and capillarization. A promoter CpG in Rbm10 is hypomethylated by late-life exercise in myonuclei, consistent with findings in muscle tissue. PoWeR and the data herein are a resource for uncovering cellular and molecular regulators of muscle adaptation with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Dungan
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Camille R Brightwell
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | | | - Christine M Latham
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Alyaa M Zagzoog
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Benjamin D Brightwell
- Kinesiology and Health Promotion Graduate Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Georgia L Nolt
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, TX, USA
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536, KY, USA
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18
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Hintikka JE, Munukka E, Valtonen M, Luoto R, Ihalainen JK, Kallonen T, Waris M, Heinonen OJ, Ruuskanen O, Pekkala S. Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome in Elite Cross-Country Skiers: A Controlled Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040335. [PMID: 35448522 PMCID: PMC9028832 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to affect gut the microbiome and metabolic health, with athletes typically displaying a higher microbial diversity. However, research on the gut microbiota and systemic metabolism in elite athletes remains scarce. In this study, we compared the gut microbiota profiles and serum metabolome of national team cross-country skiers at the end of an exhausting training and competitive season to those of normally physically-active controls. The gut microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Serum metabolites were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Phylogenetic diversity and the abundance of several mucin-degrading gut microbial taxa, including Akkermansia, were lower in the athletes. The athletes had a healthier serum lipid profile than the controls, which was only partly explained by body mass index. Butyricicoccus associated positively with HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol and HDL particle size. The Ruminococcus torques group was less abundant in the athlete group and positively associated with total cholesterol and VLDL and LDL particles. We found the healthier lipid profile of elite athletes to co-occur with known health-beneficial gut microbes. Further studies should elucidate these links and whether athletes are prone to mucin depletion related microbial changes during the competitive season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka E. Hintikka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (J.K.I.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eveliina Munukka
- Turku Microbiome Biobank, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Raakel Luoto
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (R.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Johanna K. Ihalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (J.K.I.); (S.P.)
| | - Teemu Kallonen
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Matti Waris
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, 20540 Turku, Finland;
| | - Olli Ruuskanen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland; (R.L.); (O.R.)
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (J.K.I.); (S.P.)
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19
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Burtscher J, Ticinesi A, Millet GP, Burtscher M, Strasser B. Exercise-microbiota interactions in aging-related sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:775-780. [PMID: 35142446 PMCID: PMC8978000 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Microbiome Research Hub (MRH), University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Parma University-Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Gregoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria.,JPI-HDHL Knowledge Platform on Food, Diet, Intestinal Microbiomics and Human Health, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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The Athlete Gut Microbiome and its Relevance to Health and Performance: A Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:119-128. [PMID: 36396898 PMCID: PMC9734205 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that play an important role in human health, influencing functions such as vitamin uptake, digestion and immunomodulation. While research of the gut microbiome has expanded considerably over the past decade, some areas such as the relationship between exercise and the microbiome remain relatively under investigated. Despite this, multiple studies have shown a potential bidirectional relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome, with some studies demonstrating the possibility of influencing this relationship. This, in turn, could provide a useful route to influence athletic performance via microbiome manipulation, a valuable prospect for many elite athletes and their teams. The evidence supporting the potential benefits of pursuing this route and associated future perspectives are discussed in this review.
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21
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Hockey BL, Baranowski RW. Do you have the guts to adapt to exercise? J Physiol 2021; 600:9-10. [PMID: 34820845 DOI: 10.1113/jp282575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Briana L Hockey
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan W Baranowski
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Prokopidis K, Chambers E, Ni Lochlainn M, Witard OC. Mechanisms Linking the Gut-Muscle Axis With Muscle Protein Metabolism and Anabolic Resistance: Implications for Older Adults at Risk of Sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2021; 12:770455. [PMID: 34764887 PMCID: PMC8576575 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.770455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function-termed sarcopenia-as mediated, in part, by muscle anabolic resistance. This metabolic phenomenon describes the impaired response of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to the provision of dietary amino acids and practice of resistance-based exercise. Recent observations highlight the gut-muscle axis as a physiological target for combatting anabolic resistance and reducing risk of sarcopenia. Experimental studies, primarily conducted in animal models of aging, suggest a mechanistic link between the gut microbiota and muscle atrophy, mediated via the modulation of systemic amino acid availability and low-grade inflammation that are both physiological factors known to underpin anabolic resistance. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the action of specific gut bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) to increase systemic amino acid availability and elicit an anti-inflammatory response in the intestinal lumen. Prospective lifestyle approaches that target the gut-muscle axis have recently been examined in the context of mitigating sarcopenia risk. These approaches include increasing dietary fiber intake that promotes the growth and development of gut bacteria, thus enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). Prebiotic/probiotic/symbiotic supplementation also generates SCFA and may mitigate low-grade inflammation in older adults via modulation of the gut microbiota. Preliminary evidence also highlights the role of exercise in increasing the production of SCFA. Accordingly, lifestyle approaches that combine diets rich in fiber and probiotic supplementation with exercise training may serve to produce SCFA and increase microbial diversity, and thus may target the gut-muscle axis in mitigating anabolic resistance in older adults. Future mechanistic studies are warranted to establish the direct physiological action of distinct gut microbiota phenotypes on amino acid utilization and the postprandial stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Chambers
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Ni Lochlainn
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver C. Witard
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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