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Najafi P, Reimer C, Gilthorpe JD, Jacobsen KR, Ramløse M, Paul NF, Simianer H, Tetens J, Falker-Gieske C. Genomic evidence for the suitability of Göttingen Minipigs with a rare seizure phenotype as a model for human epilepsy. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:103-117. [PMID: 38383918 PMCID: PMC11076379 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex genetic disorder that affects about 2% of the global population. Although the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures can be reduced by a range of pharmacological interventions, there are no disease-modifying treatments for epilepsy. The development of new and more effective drugs is hindered by a lack of suitable animal models. Available rodent models may not recapitulate all key aspects of the disease. Spontaneous epileptic convulsions were observed in few Göttingen Minipigs (GMPs), which may provide a valuable alternative animal model for the characterisation of epilepsy-type diseases and for testing new treatments. We have characterised affected GMPs at the genome level and have taken advantage of primary fibroblast cultures to validate the functional impact of fixed genetic variants on the transcriptome level. We found numerous genes connected to calcium metabolism that have not been associated with epilepsy before, such as ADORA2B, CAMK1D, ITPKB, MCOLN2, MYLK, NFATC3, PDGFD, and PHKB. Our results have identified two transcription factor genes, EGR3 and HOXB6, as potential key regulators of CACNA1H, which was previously linked to epilepsy-type disorders in humans. Our findings provide the first set of conclusive results to support the use of affected subsets of GMPs as an alternative and more reliable model system to study human epilepsy. Further neurological and pharmacological validation of the suitability of GMPs as an epilepsy model is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Najafi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Reimer
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Höltystr. 10, 31535, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Gilthorpe
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kirsten R Jacobsen
- Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs A/S, Sorø Landevej 302, 4261, Dalmose, Denmark
| | - Maja Ramløse
- Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs A/S, Sorø Landevej 302, 4261, Dalmose, Denmark
| | - Nora-Fabienne Paul
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henner Simianer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clemens Falker-Gieske
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Stringer RN, Weiss N. Pathophysiology of ion channels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Brain 2023; 16:82. [PMID: 38102715 PMCID: PMC10722804 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) stands as the most prevalent and severe form of motor neuron disease, affecting an estimated 2 in 100,000 individuals worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive loss of cortical, brainstem, and spinal motor neurons, ultimately resulting in muscle weakness and death. Although the etiology of ALS remains poorly understood in most cases, the remodelling of ion channels and alteration in neuronal excitability represent a hallmark of the disease, manifesting not only during the symptomatic period but also in the early pre-symptomatic stages. In this review, we delve into these alterations observed in ALS patients and preclinical disease models, and explore their consequences on neuronal activities. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of ion channels as therapeutic targets in the context of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Stringer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Weiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Center of Biosciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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3
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Topczewska A, Giacalone E, Pratt WS, Migliore M, Dolphin AC, Shah MM. T-type Ca 2+ and persistent Na + currents synergistically elevate ventral, not dorsal, entorhinal cortical stellate cell excitability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112699. [PMID: 37368752 PMCID: PMC10687207 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dorsal and ventral medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) regions have distinct neural network firing patterns to differentially support functions such as spatial memory. Accordingly, mEC layer II dorsal stellate neurons are less excitable than ventral neurons. This is partly because the densities of inhibitory conductances are higher in dorsal than ventral neurons. Here, we report that T-type Ca2+ currents increase 3-fold along the dorsal-ventral axis in mEC layer II stellate neurons, with twice as much CaV3.2 mRNA in ventral mEC compared with dorsal mEC. Long depolarizing stimuli trigger T-type Ca2+ currents, which interact with persistent Na+ currents to elevate the membrane voltage and spike firing in ventral, not dorsal, neurons. T-type Ca2+ currents themselves prolong excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) to enhance their summation and spike coupling in ventral neurons only. These findings indicate that T-type Ca2+ currents critically influence the dorsal-ventral mEC stellate neuron excitability gradient and, thereby, mEC dorsal-ventral circuit activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wendy S Pratt
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michele Migliore
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mala M Shah
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 4AX, UK.
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4
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Whole Exome Sequencing of Hemiplegic Migraine Patients Shows an Increased Burden of Missense Variants in CACNA1H and CACNA1I Genes. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3034-3043. [PMID: 36786913 PMCID: PMC10122627 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura. Given that causal missense mutations in the voltage-gated calcium channel α1A subunit gene CACNA1A have been identified in a subset of HM patients, we investigated whether HM patients without a mutation have an increased burden of such variants in the "CACNA1x gene family". Whole exome sequencing data of an Australian cohort of unrelated HM patients (n = 184), along with public data from gnomAD, as controls, was used to assess the burden of missense variants in CACNA1x genes. We performed both a variant and a subject burden test. We found a significant burden for the number of variants in CACNA1E (p = 1.3 × 10-4), CACNA1H (p < 2.2 × 10-16) and CACNA1I (p < 2.2 × 10-16). There was also a significant burden of subjects with missense variants in CACNA1E (p = 6.2 × 10-3), CACNA1H (p < 2.2 × 10-16) and CACNA1I (p < 2.2 × 10-16). Both the number of variants and number of subjects were replicated for CACNA1H (p = 3.5 × 10-8; p = 0.012) and CACNA1I (p = 0.019, p = 0.044), respectively, in a Dutch clinical HM cohort (n = 32), albeit that CACNA1I did not remain significant after multiple testing correction. Our data suggest that HM, in the absence of a single causal mutation, is a complex trait, in which an increased burden of missense variants in CACNA1H and CACNA1I may contribute to the risk of disease.
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5
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Mustafá ER, McCarthy CI, Portales AE, Cordisco Gonzalez S, Rodríguez SS, Raingo J. Constitutive activity of the dopamine (D 5 ) receptor, highly expressed in CA1 hippocampal neurons, selectively reduces Ca V 3.2 and Ca V 3.3 currents. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1210-1231. [PMID: 36480023 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CaV 3.1-3 currents differentially contribute to neuronal firing patterns. CaV 3 are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activity, but information about CaV 3 as targets of the constitutive activity of GPCRs is scarce. We investigate the impact of D5 recpetor constitutive activity, a GPCR with high levels of basal activity, on CaV 3 functionality. D5 recpetor and CaV 3 are expressed in the hippocampus and have been independently linked to pathophysiological states associated with epilepsy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Our study models were HEK293T cells heterologously expressing D1 or D5 receptor and CaV 3.1-3, and mouse brain slices containing the hippocampus. We used chlorpromazine (D1 /D5 inverse agonist) and a D5 receptor mutant lacking constitutive activity as experimental tools. We measured CaV 3 currents and excitability parameters using the patch-clamp technique. We completed our study with computational modelling and imaging technique. KEY RESULTS We found a higher sensitivity to TTA-P2 (CaV 3 blocker) in CA1 pyramidal neurons obtained from chlorpromazine-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated animals. We found that CaV 3.2 and CaV 3.3-but not CaV 3.1-are targets of D5 receptor constitutive activity in HEK293T cells. Finally, we found an increased firing rate in CA1 pyramidal neurons from chlorpromazine-treated animals in comparison with vehicle-treated animals. Similar changes in firing rate were observed on a neuronal model with controlled CaV 3 currents levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Native hippocampal CaV 3 and recombinant CaV 3.2-3 are sensitive to D5 receptor constitutive activity. Manipulation of D5 receptor constitutive activity could be a valuable strategy to control neuronal excitability, especially in exacerbated conditions such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Román Mustafá
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Inés McCarthy
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Estefanía Portales
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Cordisco Gonzalez
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Susana Rodríguez
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Electrophysiology Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Subbamanda YD, Bhargava A. Intercommunication between Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptor/Estrogen Signaling: Insights into Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233850. [PMID: 36497108 PMCID: PMC9739980 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and estrogen receptors are important cellular proteins that have been shown to interact with each other across varied cells and tissues. Estrogen hormone, the ligand for estrogen receptors, can also exert its effects independent of estrogen receptors that collectively constitute non-genomic mechanisms. Here, we provide insights into the VGCC regulation by estrogen and the possible mechanisms involved therein across several cell types. Notably, most of the interaction is described in neuronal and cardiovascular tissues given the importance of VGCCs in these electrically excitable tissues. We describe the modulation of various VGCCs by estrogen known so far in physiological conditions and pathological conditions. We observed that in most in vitro studies higher concentrations of estrogen were used while a handful of in vivo studies used meager concentrations resulting in inhibition or upregulation of VGCCs, respectively. There is a need for more relevant physiological assays to study the regulation of VGCCs by estrogen. Additionally, other interacting receptors and partners need to be identified that may be involved in exerting estrogen receptor-independent effects of estrogen.
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7
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Gomez K, Tang C, Tan B, Perez-Miller S, Ran D, Loya S, Calderon-Rivera A, Stratton HJ, Duran P, Masterson KA, Gabrielsen AT, Alsbiei O, Dorame A, Serafini M, Moutal A, Wang J, Khanna R. Stereospecific Effects of Benzimidazolonepiperidine Compounds on T-Type Ca 2+ Channels and Pain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2035-2047. [PMID: 35671441 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels activate in response to subthreshold membrane depolarizations and represent an important source of Ca2+ influx near the resting membrane potential. These channels regulate neuronal excitability and have been linked to pain. For this reason, T-type calcium channels are suitable molecular targets for the development of new non-opioid analgesics. Our previous work identified an analogue of benzimidazolonepiperidine, 5bk, that preferentially inhibited CaV3.2 channels and reversed mechanical allodynia. In this study, we synthesized and screened a small library of 47 compounds derived from 5bk. We found several compounds that inhibited the Ca2+ influx in DRG neurons of all sizes. After separating the enantiomers of each active compound, we found two compounds, 3-25-R and 3-14-3-S, that potently inhibited the Ca2+ influx. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from small- to medium-sized DRG neurons revealed that both compounds decreased total Ca2+. Application of 3-14-3-S (but not 3-25-R) blocked transiently expressed CaV3.1-3.3 channels with a similar IC50 value. 3-14-3-S decreased T-type, but not N-type, Ca2+ currents in DRG neurons. Furthermore, intrathecal delivery of 3-14-3-S relieved tonic, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain in preclinical models. 3-14-3-S did not exhibit any activity against G protein-coupled opioid receptors. Preliminary docking studies also suggest that 3-14-3-S can bind to the central pore domain of T-type channels. Together, our chemical characterization and functional and behavioral data identify a novel T-type calcium channel blocker with in vivo efficacy in experimental models of tonic, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, William Levine Hall, Room 320, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 0885, United States
| | - Samantha Perez-Miller
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Santiago Loya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Harrison J Stratton
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Kyleigh A Masterson
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Anna T Gabrielsen
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Omar Alsbiei
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Angie Dorame
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Maria Serafini
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Aubin Moutal
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, 1402 S. Grand Blvd. Schwitalla Hall, Room 432, Saint Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10010, United States
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8
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Alza L, Visa A, Herreros J, Cantí C. T-type channels in cancer cells: Driving in reverse. Cell Calcium 2022; 105:102610. [PMID: 35691056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the strongly polarized membranes of excitable cells, activation of T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCCs) by weak depolarizing stimuli allows the influx of Ca2+ which further amplifies membrane depolarization, thus "recruiting" higher threshold voltage-gated channels to promote action potential firing. Nonetheless, TTCCs perform other functions in the plasma membrane of both excitable and non-excitable cells, in which they regulate a number of biochemical pathways relevant for cell cycle and cell fate. Furthermore, data obtained in the last 20 years have shown the involvement of TTCCs in tumor biology, designating them as promising chemotherapeutic targets. However, their activity in the steadily-depolarized membranes of cancer cells, in which most voltage-gated channels are in the inactivated (nonconducting) state, is counter-intuitive. Here we discuss that in cancer cells weak hyperpolarizing stimuli increase the fraction of open TTCCs which, in association with Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, may critically boost membrane hyperpolarization and driving force for Ca2+ entry through different voltage-independent Ca2+ channels. Available evidence also shows that TTCCs participate in positive feedback circuits with signaling effectors, which may warrant a switch-like activation of pro-proliferative and pro-survival pathways in spite of their low availability. Unravelling TTCC modus operandi in the context of non-excitable membranes may facilitate the development of novel anticancer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lía Alza
- Universitat de Lleida (Dpt. Medicina Experimental), IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Anna Visa
- Universitat de Lleida (Dpt. Medicina Experimental), IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Universitat de Lleida (Dpt. Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques), IRBLleida
| | - Carles Cantí
- Universitat de Lleida (Dpt. Medicina Experimental), IRBLleida, Rovira Roure 80, Lleida 25198, Spain.
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9
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Pedapati EV, Schmitt LM, Ethridge LE, Miyakoshi M, Sweeney JA, Liu R, Smith E, Shaffer RC, Dominick KC, Gilbert DL, Wu SW, Horn PS, Binder DK, Lamy M, Axford M, Erickson CA. Neocortical localization and thalamocortical modulation of neuronal hyperexcitability contribute to Fragile X Syndrome. Commun Biol 2022; 5:442. [PMID: 35546357 PMCID: PMC9095835 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a monogenetic form of intellectual disability and autism in which well-established knockout (KO) animal models point to neuronal hyperexcitability and abnormal gamma-frequency physiology as a basis for key disorder features. Translating these findings into patients may identify tractable treatment targets. Using source modeling of resting-state electroencephalography data, we report findings in FXS, including 1) increases in localized gamma activity, 2) pervasive changes of theta/alpha activity, indicative of disrupted thalamocortical modulation coupled with elevated gamma power, 3) stepwise moderation of low and high-frequency abnormalities based on female sex, and 4) relationship of this physiology to intellectual disability and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Our observations extend findings in Fmr1-/- KO mice to patients with FXS and raise a key role for disrupted thalamocortical modulation in local hyperexcitability. This systems-level mechanism has received limited preclinical attention but has implications for understanding fundamental disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest V Pedapati
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Lauren M Schmitt
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lauren E Ethridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Makoto Miyakoshi
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Smith
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca C Shaffer
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli C Dominick
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve W Wu
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Paul S Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martine Lamy
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Megan Axford
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig A Erickson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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10
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Harding EK, Zamponi GW. Central and peripheral contributions of T-type calcium channels in pain. Mol Brain 2022; 15:39. [PMID: 35501819 PMCID: PMC9063214 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractChronic pain is a severely debilitating condition that reflects a long-term sensitization of signal transduction in the afferent pain pathway. Among the key players in this pathway are T-type calcium channels, in particular the Cav3.2 isoform. Because of their biophysical characteristics, these channels are ideally suited towards regulating neuronal excitability. Recent evidence suggests that T-type channels contribute to excitability of neurons all along the ascending and descending pain pathways, within primary afferent neurons, spinal dorsal horn neurons, and within pain-processing neurons in the midbrain and cortex. Here we review the contribution of T-type channels to neuronal excitability and function in each of these neuronal populations and how they are dysregulated in chronic pain conditions. Finally, we discuss their molecular pharmacology and the potential role of these channels as therapeutic targets for chronic pain.
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11
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Mirlohi S, Bladen C, Santiago M, Connor M. Modulation of Recombinant Human T-Type Calcium Channels by Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid In Vitro. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:34-45. [PMID: 33998881 PMCID: PMC8864432 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Low voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-type ICa), CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3, are opened by small depolarizations from the resting membrane potential in many cells and have been associated with neurological disorders, including absence epilepsy and pain. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound in Cannabis and also directly modulates T-type ICa; however, there is no information about functional activity of most phytocannabinoids on T-type calcium channels, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), the natural nonpsychoactive precursor of THC. The aim of this work was to characterize THCA effects on T-type calcium channels. Materials and Methods: We used HEK293 Flp-In-TREx cells stably expressing CaV3.1, 3.2, or 3.3. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made to investigate cannabinoid modulation of ICa. Results: THCA and THC inhibited the peak current amplitude CaV3.1 with pEC50s of 6.0±0.7 and 5.6±0.4, respectively. THC (1 μM) or THC produced a significant negative shift in half activation and inactivation of CaV3.1, and both drugs prolonged CaV3.1 deactivation kinetics. THCA (10 μM) inhibited CaV3.2 by 53%±4%, and both THCA and THC produced a substantial negative shift in the voltage for half inactivation and modest negative shift in half activation of CaV3.2. THC prolonged the deactivation time of CaV3.2, while THCA did not. THCA inhibited the peak current of CaV3.3 by 43%±2% (10 μM) but did not notably affect CaV3.3 channel activation or inactivation; however, THC caused significant hyperpolarizing shift in CaV3.3 steady-state inactivation. Discussion: THCA modulated T-type ICa currents in vitro, with significant modulation of kinetics and voltage dependence at low μM concentrations. This study suggests that THCA may have potential for therapeutic use in pain and epilepsy through T-type calcium channel modulation without the unwanted psychoactive effects associated with THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mirlohi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Bladen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina Santiago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,*Address correspondence to: Mark Connor, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia,
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12
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Li R, Ou M, Yang S, Huang J, Chen J, Xiong D, Xiao L, Wu S. Change in Cav3.2 T-Type Calcium Channel Induced by Varicella-Zoster Virus Participates in the Maintenance of Herpetic Neuralgia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:741054. [PMID: 34917013 PMCID: PMC8671009 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.741054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, as the most prevalent neurological complication of herpes zoster (HZ), may occur before or during the rash onset or even after the rash has recovered. Particularly, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a refractory chronic condition, usually defined as pain persisting for 3 months or longer from the onset of HZ. Pain evoked by HZ impairs the normal physical and emotional functions of the patients, severely reducing their quality of life. However, how zoster-associated pain occurs and develops into PHN are elusive, making PHN difficult to predict. Uncovering the pathogenesis of zoster-associated pain (or HN) helps us to better understand the onset of PHN and supports developing more effective treatments. In this study, we successfully constructed a model for zoster-associated pain through varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections of mouse footpads and pain behavior assessments. Next, we used the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) to analyze PHN rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) gene microarray data and found that calcium signal disorder might be involved in the onset of PHN. By using reverse transcription real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, we confirmed that VZV infection could significantly upregulate the expression of T-type calcium channel Cav3.2 in DRG and spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Intrathecal administration of Cav3.2 blocker (2R/S)-6-prenylnaringenin (6-PNG) relieved mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia induced by VZV. Taken together, our data indicated that VZV might participate in the occurrence and development of HN by upregulating the expression of Cav3.2 in DRG and SDH. These findings will help to reveal the underlying mechanisms on long-lasting pain and PHN formation, providing a new insight that Cav3.2 can be the promising drug target for remitting PHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Li
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxi Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Donglin Xiong
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songbin Wu
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Hoffmann T, Kistner K, Joksimovic SLJ, Todorovic SM, Reeh PW, Sauer SK. Painful diabetic neuropathy leads to functional Ca V3.2 expression and spontaneous activity in skin nociceptors of mice. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113838. [PMID: 34450183 PMCID: PMC8549116 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy occurs in approximately 20% of diabetic patients with underlying pathomechanisms not fully understood. We evaluated the contribution of the CaV3.2 isoform of T-type calcium channel to hyperglycemia-induced changes in cutaneous sensory C-fiber functions and neuropeptide release employing the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes model in congenic mouse strains including global knockouts (KOs). Hyperglycemia established for 3-5 weeks in male C57BL/6J mice led to major reorganizations in peripheral C-fiber functions. Unbiased electrophysiological screening of mechanosensitive single-fibers in isolated hairy hindpaw skin revealed a relative loss of (polymodal) heat sensing in favor of cold sensing. In healthy CaV3.2 KO mice both heat and cold sensitivity among the C-fibers seemed underrepresented in favor of exclusive mechanosensitivity, low-threshold in particular, which deficit became significant in the diabetic KOs. Diabetes also led to a marked increase in the incidence of spontaneous discharge activity among the C-fibers of wildtype mice, which was reduced by the specific CaV3.2 blocker TTA-P2 and largely absent in the KOs. Evaluation restricted to the peptidergic class of nerve fibers - measuring KCl-stimulated CGRP release - revealed a marked reduction in the sciatic nerve by TTA-P2 in healthy but not diabetic wildtypes, the latter showing CGRP release that was as much reduced as in healthy and, to the same extent, in diabetic CaV3.2 KOs. These data suggest that diabetes abrogates all CaV3.2 functionality in the peripheral nerve axons. In striking contrast, diabetes markedly increased the KCl-stimulated CGRP release from isolated hairy skin of wildtypes but not KO mice, and TTA-P2 reversed this increase, strongly suggesting a de novo expression of CaV3.2 in peptidergic cutaneous nerve endings which may contribute to the enhanced spontaneous activity. De-glycosylation by neuraminidase showed clear desensitizing effects, both in regard to spontaneous activity and stimulated CGRP release, but included actions independent of CaV3.2. However, as diabetes-enhanced glycosylation is decisive for intra-axonal trafficking, it may account for the substantial reorganizations of the CaV3.2 distribution. The results may strengthen the validation of CaV3.2 channel as a therapeutic target of treating painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Hoffmann
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Kistner
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonja L J Joksimovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Slobodan M Todorovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter W Reeh
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Sauer
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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El Ghaleb Y, Schneeberger PE, Fernández-Quintero ML, Geisler SM, Pelizzari S, Polstra AM, van Hagen JM, Denecke J, Campiglio M, Liedl KR, Stevens CA, Person RE, Rentas S, Marsh ED, Conlin LK, Tuluc P, Kutsche K, Flucher BE. CACNA1I gain-of-function mutations differentially affect channel gating and cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Brain 2021; 144:2092-2106. [PMID: 33704440 PMCID: PMC8422349 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (Cav3.1 to Cav3.3) regulate low-threshold calcium spikes, burst firing and rhythmic oscillations of neurons and are involved in sensory processing, sleep, and hormone and neurotransmitter release. Here, we examined four heterozygous missense variants in CACNA1I, encoding the Cav3.3 channel, in patients with variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The p.(Ile860Met) variant, affecting a residue in the putative channel gate at the cytoplasmic end of the IIS6 segment, was identified in three family members with variable cognitive impairment. The de novo p.(Ile860Asn) variant, changing the same amino acid residue, was detected in a patient with severe developmental delay and seizures. In two additional individuals with global developmental delay, hypotonia, and epilepsy, the variants p.(Ile1306Thr) and p.(Met1425Ile), substituting residues at the cytoplasmic ends of IIIS5 and IIIS6, respectively, were found. Because structure modelling indicated that the amino acid substitutions differentially affect the mobility of the channel gate, we analysed possible effects on Cav3.3 channel function using patch-clamp analysis in HEK293T cells. The mutations resulted in slowed kinetics of current activation, inactivation, and deactivation, and in hyperpolarizing shifts of the voltage-dependence of activation and inactivation, with Cav3.3-I860N showing the strongest and Cav3.3-I860M the weakest effect. Structure modelling suggests that by introducing stabilizing hydrogen bonds the mutations slow the kinetics of the channel gate and cause the gain-of-function effect in Cav3.3 channels. The gating defects left-shifted and increased the window currents, resulting in increased calcium influx during repetitive action potentials and even at resting membrane potentials. Thus, calcium toxicity in neurons expressing the Cav3.3 variants is one likely cause of the neurodevelopmental phenotype. Computer modelling of thalamic reticular nuclei neurons indicated that the altered gating properties of the Cav3.3 disease variants lower the threshold and increase the duration and frequency of action potential firing. Expressing the Cav3.3-I860N/M mutants in mouse chromaffin cells shifted the mode of firing from low-threshold spikes and rebound burst firing with wild-type Cav3.3 to slow oscillations with Cav3.3-I860N and an intermediate firing mode with Cav3.3-I860M, respectively. Such neuronal hyper-excitability could explain seizures in the patient with the p.(Ile860Asn) mutation. Thus, our study implicates CACNA1I gain-of-function mutations in neurodevelopmental disorders, with a phenotypic spectrum ranging from borderline intellectual functioning to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra El Ghaleb
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Pauline E Schneeberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Monica L Fernández-Quintero
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Stefanie M Geisler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Simone Pelizzari
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Abeltje M Polstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Marta Campiglio
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Cathy A Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | | | - Stefan Rentas
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura K Conlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Petronel Tuluc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Bernhard E Flucher
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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15
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Targeting T-type/CaV3.2 channels for chronic pain. Transl Res 2021; 234:20-30. [PMID: 33422652 PMCID: PMC8217081 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels regulate neuronal excitability and are important contributors of pain processing. CaV3.2 channels are the major isoform expressed in nonpeptidergic and peptidergic nociceptive neurons and are emerging as promising targets for pain treatment. Numerous studies have shown that CaV3.2 expression and/or activity are significantly increased in spinal dorsal horn and in dorsal root ganglia neurons in different inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Pharmacological campaigns to inhibit the functional expression of CaV3.2 for treatment of pain have focused on the development of direct channel blockers, but none have produced lead candidates. Targeting the proteins that regulate the trafficking or transcription, and the ones that modify the channels via post-translational modifications are alternative means to regulate expression and function of CaV3.2 channels and hence to develop new drugs to control pain. Here we synthesize data supporting a role for CaV3.2 in numerous pain modalities and then discuss emerging opportunities for the indirect targeting of CaV3.2 channels.
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16
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Fernandez FR, Iftinca MC, Zamponi GW, Turner RW. Modeling temperature- and Cav3 subtype-dependent alterations in T-type calcium channel mediated burst firing. Mol Brain 2021; 14:115. [PMID: 34274007 PMCID: PMC8285791 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are important regulators of neuronal excitability. The mammalian brain expresses three T-type channel isoforms (Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3) with distinct biophysical properties that are critically regulated by temperature. Here, we test the effects of how temperature affects spike output in a reduced firing neuron model expressing specific Cav3 channel isoforms. The modeling data revealed only a minimal effect on baseline spontaneous firing near rest, but a dramatic increase in rebound burst discharge frequency for Cav3.1 compared to Cav3.2 or Cav3.3 due to differences in window current or activation/recovery time constants. The reduced response by Cav3.2 could optimize its activity where it is expressed in peripheral tissues more subject to temperature variations than Cav3.1 or Cav3.3 channels expressed prominently in the brain. These tests thus reveal that aspects of neuronal firing behavior are critically dependent on both temperature and T-type calcium channel subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mircea C Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Ray W Turner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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17
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Jacquerie K, Drion G. Robust switches in thalamic network activity require a timescale separation between sodium and T-type calcium channel activations. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008997. [PMID: 34003841 PMCID: PMC8162675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Switches in brain states, synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation are fundamental processes in our brain that take place concomitantly across several spatial and timescales. All these processes target neuron intrinsic properties and connectivity to achieve specific physiological goals, raising the question of how they can operate without interfering with each other. Here, we highlight the central importance of a timescale separation in the activation of sodium and T-type calcium channels to sustain robust switches in brain states in thalamic neurons that are compatible with synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation. We quantify the role of this timescale separation by comparing the robustness of rhythms of six published conductance-based models at the cellular, circuit and network levels. We show that robust rhythm generation requires a T-type calcium channel activation whose kinetics are situated between sodium channel activation and T-type calcium channel inactivation in all models despite their quantitative differences. Our brain is constantly processing information either from the environment to quickly react to incoming events or learning from experience to shape our memory. These brain states translate a collective activity of neurons interconnected via synaptic connections. Here, we focus on the thalamic network showing a transition from an active to an oscillatory mode at the population level, reverberating a switch from tonic to bursting mode at the cellular level. We are questioning how these activity fluctuations can be robustly modeled despite synaptic plasticity affecting the network configuration and the presence of neuromodulators affecting neuron intrinsic properties. To do so, we investigate six conductance-based models and their ability to reproduce activity switches at the cellular, circuit and population levels. We highlight that the robustness requires the timescale separation between the fast activation of sodium channels compared to the slow activation of T-type calcium channels. Our results show that this kinetics difference is not a computational detail but rather makes a model suitable and robust to study the interaction between switches in brain states, synaptic plasticity and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Jacquerie
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillaume Drion
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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18
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Lipkin AM, Cunniff MM, Spratt PWE, Lemke SM, Bender KJ. Functional Microstructure of Ca V-Mediated Calcium Signaling in the Axon Initial Segment. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3764-3776. [PMID: 33731449 PMCID: PMC8084313 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2843-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized neuronal compartment in which synaptic input is converted into action potential (AP) output. This process is supported by a diverse complement of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels (CaV). Different classes of sodium and potassium channels are scaffolded at specific sites within the AIS, conferring unique functions, but how calcium channels are functionally distributed within the AIS is unclear. Here, we use conventional two-photon laser scanning and diffraction-limited, high-speed spot two-photon imaging to resolve AP-evoked calcium dynamics in the AIS with high spatiotemporal resolution. In mouse layer 5 prefrontal pyramidal neurons, calcium influx was mediated by a mix of CaV2 and CaV3 channels that differentially localized to discrete regions. CaV3 functionally localized to produce nanodomain hotspots of calcium influx that coupled to ryanodine-sensitive stores, whereas CaV2 localized to non-hotspot regions. Thus, different pools of CaVs appear to play distinct roles in AIS function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site where synaptic input is transformed into action potential (AP) output. It achieves this function through a diverse complement of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels (CaV). While the localization and function of sodium channels and potassium channels at the AIS is well described, less is known about the functional distribution of CaVs. We used high-speed two-photon imaging to understand activity-dependent calcium dynamics in the AIS of mouse neocortical pyramidal neurons. Surprisingly, we found that calcium influx occurred in two distinct domains: CaV3 generates hotspot regions of calcium influx coupled to calcium stores, whereas CaV2 channels underlie diffuse calcium influx between hotspots. Therefore, different CaV classes localize to distinct AIS subdomains, possibly regulating distinct cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lipkin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Margaret M Cunniff
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Perry W E Spratt
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Stefan M Lemke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Neurology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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19
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Rangel-Galván M, Rangel A, Romero-Méndez C, Dávila EM, Castro ME, Caballero NA, Meléndez Bustamante FJ, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Meza U, Perez-Aguilar JM. Inhibitory Mechanism of the Isoflavone Derivative Genistein in the Human Ca V3.3 Channel. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:651-659. [PMID: 33507062 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cellular excitability and oscillatory behavior of resting membrane potential in nerve cells are largely mediated by the low-voltage activated T-type calcium channels. This calcium channel family is constituted by three isoforms, namely, CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3, that are largely distributed in the nervous system and other parts of the body. Dysfunction of T-type calcium channels is associated with a wide range of pathophysiologies including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, cardiac problems, and major depressive disorders. Due to their pharmacological relevance, finding molecular agents able to modulate the channel's function may provide therapeutic means to ameliorate their related disorders. Here we used electrophysiological experiments to show that genistein, a canonical tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces the activity of the human CaV3.3 channel in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of genistein is independent of tyrosine kinase modulation and does not affect the voltage-dependent gating of the channel. Subsequently, we used computational methods to identify plausible molecular poses for the interaction of genistein and the CaV3.3 channel. Starting from different molecular poses, we carried out all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify the interacting determinants for the CaV3.3/genistein complex formation. Our extensive (microsecond-length) simulations suggest specific binding interactions that seem to stabilize the protein/inhibitor complex. Furthermore, our results from the unbiased MD simulations are in good agreement with the recently solved cryoelectron microscopy structure of the CaV3.1/Z944 complex in terms of both the location of the ligand binding site and the role of several equivalent amino acid residues. Proposed interacting complex loci were subsequently tested and corroborated by electrophysiological experiments using another naturally occurring isoflavone derivative, daidzein. Thus, by using a combination of in vitro and in silico techniques, we have identified interacting determinants relevant to the CaV3.3/genistein complex formation and propose that genistein directly blocks the function of the human CaV3.3 channel as a result of such interaction. Specifically, we proposed that a combination of polar interactions involving the three hydroxyl groups of genistein and an aromatic interaction with the fused rings are the main binding interactions in the complex formation. Our results pave the way for the rational development of improved and novel low-voltage activated T-type calcium channel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricruz Rangel-Galván
- School of Chemical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Azahel Rangel
- Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78700, México
| | - Catalina Romero-Méndez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
| | - Eliud Morales Dávila
- School of Chemical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Castro
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Norma A. Caballero
- School of Biological Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | | | - Brenda L. Sanchez-Gaytan
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Ulises Meza
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
| | - Jose Manuel Perez-Aguilar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP), University City, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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20
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Sato-Numata K, Numata T, Ueta Y, Okada Y. Expression and functions of N-type Cav2.2 and T-type Cav3.1 channels in rat vasopressin neurons under normotonic conditions. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:49. [PMID: 33059597 PMCID: PMC10717235 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons play essential roles in sensing the change in systemic osmolarity and regulating AVP release from their neuronal terminals to maintain the plasma osmolarity. AVP exocytosis depends on the Ca2+ entry via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) in AVP neurons. In this study, suppression by siRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological sensitivity of VGCC currents evidenced molecular and functional expression of N-type Cav2.2 and T-type Cav3.1 in AVP neurons under normotonic conditions. Also, both the Cav2.2 and Cav3.1 currents were found to be sensitive to flufenamic acid (FFA). TTX-insensitive spontaneous action potentials were suppressed by FFA and T-type VGCC blocker Ni2+. However, Cav2.2-selective ω-conotoxin GVIA failed to suppress the firing activity. Taken together, it is concluded that Cav2.2 and Cav3.1 are molecularly and functionally expressed and both are sensitive to FFA in unstimulated rat AVP neurons. Also, it is suggested that Cav3.1 is primarily involved in their action potential generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sato-Numata
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Numata
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Okada
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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Modified parylene-N films as chemical microenvironments for differentiation and spheroid formation of osteoblast cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15219. [PMID: 32938961 PMCID: PMC7495472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the influence of parylene N film on the spheroid formation of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) was determined and compared with that of high-hydrophilicity microenvironments, such as hydrophilic culture matrix and ultraviolet-treated parylene N film. To elucidate the change in cell properties due to the microenvironment of parylene N film, global gene expression profiles of MG-63 cells on parylene N film were analyzed. We confirmed the upregulated expression of osteoblast differentiation- and proliferation-related genes, such as Runx2, ALPL, and BGLAP and MKi67 and PCNA, respectively, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast cells cultured on parylene N film were validated using immunostaining. Finally, the formation of spheroids and regulation of differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on parylene N film was demonstrated. The results of this study confirm that the microenvironment with the controlled hydrophobic property of parylene N film could effectively trigger the bone differentiation and maintains the proliferation of MSCs, similar to MG-63 cells without any scaffold structures or physical treatments.
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Lory P, Nicole S, Monteil A. Neuronal Cav3 channelopathies: recent progress and perspectives. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:831-844. [PMID: 32638069 PMCID: PMC7351805 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
T-type, low-voltage activated, calcium channels, now designated Cav3 channels, are involved in a wide variety of physiological functions, especially in nervous systems. Their unique electrophysiological properties allow them to finely regulate neuronal excitability and to contribute to sensory processing, sleep, and hormone and neurotransmitter release. In the last two decades, genetic studies, including exploration of knock-out mouse models, have greatly contributed to elucidate the role of Cav3 channels in normal physiology, their regulation, and their implication in diseases. Mutations in genes encoding Cav3 channels (CACNA1G, CACNA1H, and CACNA1I) have been linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric diseases designated here as neuronal Cav3 channelopathies. In this review, we describe and discuss the clinical findings and supporting in vitro and in vivo studies of the mutant channels, with a focus on de novo, gain-of-function missense mutations recently discovered in CACNA1G and CACNA1H. Overall, the studies of the Cav3 channelopathies help deciphering the pathogenic mechanisms of corresponding diseases and better delineate the properties and physiological roles Cav3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Lory
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France. .,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics' (ICST), Montpellier, France.
| | - Sophie Nicole
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics' (ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics' (ICST), Montpellier, France
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Malécot CO. Low voltage-activated channels in rat pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes: coexistence of a non-selective cationic channel and of T-type Ca channels. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1019-1029. [PMID: 32556635 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02413-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In rat pulmonary vein (PV) cardiomyocytes (CM), norepinephrine (NE) induces an automatic activity consisting of bursts of slow action potentials which depend on Ca2+ (upstroke) and Na+ (inter-burst) channels. Our objective was to characterize low voltage-activated (LVA) currents in rat PVCM susceptible to trigger this activity. Whole-cell ICa (5 mM Ca2+) was recorded from - 100 mV with classical Na+- and K+-free solutions. A fast LVA ICa (FLVA-ICa), present in ≈ 56% of PVCM between ~ - 50 to - 20 mV, was blocked by 10 μM TTX and markedly increased by addition of NaCl (1 or 3 mM) or KCl (5 or 10 mM). Permeability ratios P'Ca/PNa and P'Ca/PK calculated for bi-ionic conditions were respectively 2.25 ± 0.51 and 1.88 ± 0.25, and not different from a value of 2. FLVA-ICa was increased by 10 μM NE and 300 nM BayK8644, decreased by 5 μM nifedipine but not blocked by ranolazine (10 μM). NiCl2 (40 μM) and TTA-A2 (10 or 100 nM) increased FLVA-ICa. Similar results were obtained in left atrial (LA) CM. Neither Ba2+ nor Sr2+ alone could permeate the FLVA channel or block Ca2+ influx but revealed a large slower activating and inactivating LVA Ca2+ current (SLVA-ICa), present in 10 out of 80 PVCM, absent in LACM, and partially inhibited by 100 nM TTA-A2. Therefore, the ionic channel underlying FLVA-ICa is likely a fast voltage-gated non-selective channel with a dihydropyridine binding site. SLVA-ICa might correspond to Ca2+ influx through Cav3.x channels and contribute to triggering NE-induced automatic activity in the PV myocardial sleeve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire O Malécot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires EA 7349, Université de Tours, Université de Poitiers, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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Cdk5-Dependent Phosphorylation of Ca V3.2 T-Type Channels: Possible Role in Nerve Ligation-Induced Neuropathic Allodynia and the Compound Action Potential in Primary Afferent C Fibers. J Neurosci 2019; 40:283-296. [PMID: 31744861 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0181-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated T-type Ca2+ (CaV3) channels regulate diverse physiological events, including neuronal excitability, and have been linked to several pathological conditions such as absence epilepsy, cardiovascular diseases, and neuropathic pain. It is also acknowledged that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinases A and C regulate the activity of T-type channels. Interestingly, peripheral nerve injury induces tactile allodynia and upregulates CaV3.2 channels and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn. Here, we report that recombinant CaV3.2 channels expressed in HEK293 cells are regulatory targets of Cdk5. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the relevant sites for this regulation are residues S561 and S1987. We also found that Cdk5 may regulate CaV3.2 channel functional expression in rats with mechanical allodynia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Consequently, the Cdk5 inhibitor olomoucine affected the compound action potential recorded in the spinal nerves, as well as the paw withdrawal threshold. Likewise, Cdk5 expression was upregulated after SNL in the DRG. These findings unveil a novel mechanism for how phosphorylation may regulate CaV3.2 channels and suggest that increased channel activity by Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation after SNL contributes nerve injury-induced tactile allodynia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuropathic pain is a current public health challenge. It can develop as a result of injury or nerve illness. It is acknowledged that the expression of various ion channels can be altered in neuropathic pain, including T-type Ca2+ channels that are expressed in sensory neurons, where they play a role in the regulation of cellular excitability. The present work shows that the exacerbated expression of Cdk5 in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain increases the functional expression of CaV3.2 channels. This finding is relevant for the understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of the disease. Additionally, this work may have a substantial translational impact, since it describes a novel molecular pathway that could represent an interesting therapeutic alternative for neuropathic pain.
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A novel phospho-modulatory mechanism contributes to the calcium-dependent regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15642. [PMID: 31666636 PMCID: PMC6821770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3 / T-type Ca2+ channels are dynamically regulated by intracellular Ca2+ ions, which inhibit Cav3 availability. Here, we demonstrate that this inhibition becomes irreversible in the presence of non-hydrolysable ATP analogs, resulting in a strong hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation of the residual Cav3 current. Importantly, the effect of these ATP analogs was prevented in the presence of intracellular BAPTA. Additional findings obtained using intracellular dialysis of inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase or NaN3 treatment further support the involvement of a phosphorylation mechanism. Contrasting with Cav1 and Cav2 Ca2+ channels, the Ca2+-dependent modulation of Cav3 channels appears to be independent of calmodulin, calcineurin and endocytic pathways. Similar findings were obtained for the native T-type Ca2+ current recorded in rat thalamic neurons of the central medial nucleus. Overall, our data reveal a new Ca2+ sensitive phosphorylation-dependent mechanism regulating Cav3 channels, with potentially important physiological implications for the multiple cell functions controlled by T-type Ca2+ channels.
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Mustafá ER, Cordisco Gonzalez S, Raingo J. Ghrelin Selectively Inhibits CaV3.3 Subtype of Low-Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:722-735. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Friedrich SR, Lovell PV, Kaser TM, Mello CV. Exploring the molecular basis of neuronal excitability in a vocal learner. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:629. [PMID: 31375088 PMCID: PMC6679542 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vocal learning, the ability to learn to produce vocalizations through imitation, relies on specialized brain circuitry known in songbirds as the song system. While the connectivity and various physiological properties of this system have been characterized, the molecular genetic basis of neuronal excitability in song nuclei remains understudied. We have focused our efforts on examining voltage-gated ion channels to gain insight into electrophysiological and functional features of vocal nuclei. A previous investigation of potassium channel genes in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) revealed evolutionary modifications unique to songbirds, as well as transcriptional specializations in the song system [Lovell PV, Carleton JB, Mello CV. BMC Genomics 14:470 2013]. Here, we expand this approach to sodium, calcium, and chloride channels along with their modulatory subunits using comparative genomics and gene expression analysis encompassing microarrays and in situ hybridization. RESULTS We found 23 sodium, 38 calcium, and 33 chloride channel genes (HGNC-based classification) in the zebra finch genome, several of which were previously unannotated. We determined 15 genes are missing relative to mammals, including several genes (CLCAs, BEST2) linked to olfactory transduction. The majority of sodium and calcium but few chloride channels showed differential expression in the song system, among them SCN8A and CACNA1E in the direct motor pathway, and CACNG4 and RYR2 in the anterior forebrain pathway. In several cases, we noted a seemingly coordinated pattern across multiple nuclei (SCN1B, SCN3B, SCN4B, CACNB4) or sparse expression (SCN1A, CACNG5, CACNA1B). CONCLUSION The gene families examined are highly conserved between avian and mammalian lineages. Several cases of differential expression likely support high-frequency and burst firing in specific song nuclei, whereas cases of sparse patterns of expression may contribute to the unique electrophysiological signatures of distinct cell populations. These observations lay the groundwork for manipulations to determine how ion channels contribute to the neuronal excitability properties of vocal learning systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Friedrich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd L470, Portland, OR USA
| | - Peter V. Lovell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd L470, Portland, OR USA
| | - Taylor M. Kaser
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd L470, Portland, OR USA
| | - Claudio V. Mello
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Rd L470, Portland, OR USA
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28
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Li Q, Zhang Y, Wu N, Yin N, Sun XH, Wang Z. Activation of somatostatin receptor 5 suppresses T-type Ca 2+ channels through NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in rat retinal ganglion cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134337. [PMID: 31220522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin has been shown to modulate a variety of neuronal functions by activating the five specific G-protein coupled receptors (sst1-sst5). Here, effects of sst5 receptor activation on T-type Ca2+ channels in acutely isolated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats were investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The sst5 receptor specific agonist L-817,818 significantly and reversibly suppressed T-type Ca2+ currents, and shifted inactivation curve of the channels toward hyperpolarization direction. The effect of L-817,818 was in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 being 8.8 μM. Pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o protein mediated intracellular nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling cascade was involved in the L-817,818 effect on Ca2+ currents because pharmacological interference of each of these signaling molecules abolished the L-817,818 effect. In contrast, neither phospholipase C/protein kinase C nor cAMP/protein kinase A signal pathways seemed likely to be involved because the L-817,818 effect persisted when these signaling pathways were blocked by U73122, bisindolylmaleimide IV, chelerythrine chloride, and Rp-cAMP, respectively. These results suggest that activation of sst5 receptors suppresses T-type Ca2+ currents in rat RGCs through intracellular NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway, which may provide a potential mechanism for protecting RGCs against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Na Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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29
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Jin X, Chen Q, Song Y, Zheng J, Xiao K, Shao S, Fu Z, Yi M, Yang Y, Huang Z. Dopamine D2 receptors regulate the action potential threshold by modulating T‐type calcium channels in stellate cells of the medial entorhinal cortex. J Physiol 2019; 597:3363-3387. [PMID: 31049961 DOI: 10.1113/jp277976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science Centre Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science Centre Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science Centre Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research InstitutePeking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Kuo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science Centre Beijing 100191 China
| | - Shan Shao
- Neuroscience Research InstitutePeking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zibing Fu
- Neuroscience Research InstitutePeking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research InstitutePeking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education/National Health and Family Planning CommissionPeking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyCollege of Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience 575 Stadium Mall Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsDepartment of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science Centre Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education/National Health and Family Planning CommissionPeking University Beijing 100191 China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyPeking University Health Science Center 38 Xue Yuan Road Beijing 100191 China
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30
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Zhang Q, Hsia SC, Martin-Caraballo M. Regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channel expression by interleukin-6 in sensory-like ND7/23 cells post-herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection. J Neurochem 2019; 151:238-254. [PMID: 30888683 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) infection of sensory neurons may lead to a significant reduction in the expression of voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, which can disrupt the transmission of pain information. Viral infection also results in the secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6. In this work, we tested whether IL-6 regulates the expression of Na+ and Ca2+ channels post-HSV-1 infection in ND7/23 sensory-like neurons. Our results demonstrate that HSV-1 infection causes a significant decrease in the protein expression of the Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel subunit, despite increasing Cav3.2 mRNA synthesis. Neither Cav3.2 mRNA nor total protein content was affected by IL-6 treatment post-HSV-1 infection. In ND7/23 cells, HSV-1 infection caused a significant reduction in the expression of Na+ and T-type Ca2+ channels within 48 h. Exposure of ND7/23 cells to IL-6 for 24 h post-infection reverses the effect of HSV-1, resulting in a significant increase in T-type Ca2+ current density. However, Na+ currents were not restored by 24-h treatment with IL-6 post-HSV-1 infection of ND7/23 cells. The ability of IL-6 to increase the functional expression of T-type Ca2+ channels on the membrane was blocked by the inhibition of protein trafficking with brefeldin-A and ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that IL-6 release following HSV-1 infection regulates the expression of T-type Ca2+ channels, which may alter the transmission of pain information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Shao-Chung Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Martin-Caraballo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
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Visa A, Shaikh S, Alza L, Herreros J, Cantí C. The Hard-To-Close Window of T-Type Calcium Channels. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:571-584. [PMID: 31031178 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-Type calcium channels (TTCCs) are key regulators of membrane excitability, which is the reason why TTCC pharmacology is subject to intensive research in the neurological and cardiovascular fields. TTCCs also play a role in cancer physiology, and pharmacological blockers such as tetralols and dihydroquinazolines (DHQs) reduce the viability of cancer cells in vitro and slow tumor growth in murine xenografts. However, the available compounds are better suited to blocking TTCCs in excitable membranes rather than TTCCs contributing window currents at steady potentials. Consistently, tetralols and dihydroquinazolines exhibit cytostatic/cytotoxic activities at higher concentrations than those required for TTCC blockade, which may involve off-target effects. Gene silencing experiments highlight the targetability of TTCCs, but further pharmacological research is required for TTCC blockade to become a chemotherapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Visa
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Soni Shaikh
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Lía Alza
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain
| | - Carles Cantí
- Laboratory of Calcium Cell Signaling, IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Rovira Roure, 80, 25198-Lleida, Spain.
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Aiba I, Noebels JL. Adrenergic agonist induces rhythmic firing in quiescent cardiac preganglionic neurons in nucleus ambiguous via activation of intrinsic membrane excitability. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1266-1278. [PMID: 30699052 PMCID: PMC6485744 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00761.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic vagal nerves projecting from neurons in the brain stem nucleus ambiguus (NAm) play a predominant role in cardiac parasympathetic pacemaking control. Central adrenergic signaling modulates the tone of this vagal output; however, the exact excitability mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated responses of NAm neurons to adrenergic agonists using in vitro mouse brain stem slices. Preganglionic NAm neurons were identified by ChAT-tdTomato fluorescence in young adult transgenic mice, and their cardiac projection was confirmed by retrograde dye tracing. Juxtacellular recordings detected sparse or absent spontaneous action potentials (AP) in NAm neurons. However, bath application of epinephrine or norepinephrine strongly and reversibly activated most NAm neurons regardless of their basal firing rate. Epinephrine was more potent than norepinephrine, and this activation largely depends on α1-adrenoceptors. Interestingly, adrenergic activation of NAm neurons does not require an ionotropic synaptic mechanism, because postsynaptic excitatory or inhibitory receptor blockade did not occlude the excitatory effect, and bath-applied adrenergic agonists did not alter excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission. Instead, adrenergic agonists significantly elevated intrinsic membrane excitability to facilitate generation of recurrent action potentials. T-type calcium current and hyperpolarization-activated current are involved in this excitation pattern, although not required for spontaneous AP induction by epinephrine. In contrast, pharmacological blockade of persistent sodium current significantly inhibited the adrenergic effects. Our results demonstrate that central adrenergic signaling enhances the intrinsic excitability of NAm neurons and that persistent sodium current is required for this effect. This central balancing mechanism may counteract excessive peripheral cardiac excitation during increased sympathetic tone. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiac preganglionic cholinergic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus (NAm) are responsible for slowing cardiac pacemaking. This study identified that adrenergic agonists can induce rhythmic action potentials in otherwise quiescent cholinergic NAm preganglionic neurons in brain stem slice preparation. The modulatory influence of adrenaline on central parasympathetic outflow may contribute to both physiological and deleterious cardiovascular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Aiba
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey L Noebels
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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Wu J, Peng S, Xiao L, Cheng X, Kuang H, Zhu M, Zhang D, Jiang C, Liu T. Cell-Type Specific Distribution of T-Type Calcium Currents in Lamina II Neurons of the Rat Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:370. [PMID: 30386213 PMCID: PMC6199353 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal lamina II (substantia gelatinosa, SG) neurons integrate nociceptive information from the primary afferents and are classified according to electrophysiological (tonic firing, delayed firing, single spike, initial burst, phasic firing, gap firing and reluctant firing) or morphological (islet, central, vertical, radial and unclassified) criteria. T-type calcium (Cav3) channels play an essential role in the central mechanism of pathological pain, but the electrophysiological properties and the cell-type specific distribution of T-type channels in SG neurons have not been fully elucidated. To investigate the electrophysiological and morphological features of T-type channel-expressing or -lacking neurons, voltage- and current-clamp recordings were performed on either transverse or parasagittal spinal cord slices. Recording made in transverse spinal cord slices showed that an inward current (I T) was observed in 44.5% of the SG neurons that was fully blocked by Ni2+ and TTA-A2. The amplitude of I T depended on the magnitude and the duration of hyperpolarization pre-pulse. The voltage for eliciting and maximizing I T were -70 mV and -35 mV, respectively. In addition, we found that most of the I T-expressing neurons are tonic firing neurons and exhibit more negative action potential (AP) threshold and smaller difference of AP threshold and resting membrane potential (RMP) than those neurons lacking I T. Consistently, a specific T-type calcium channel blocker TTA-P2 increased the AP threshold and enlarged the difference between AP threshold and membrane potential (Ihold = 0). Meanwhile, the morphological analysis indicated that most of the I T-expressing neurons are islet neurons. In conclusion, we identify a cell-type specific distribution and the function of T-type channels in SG neurons. These findings might provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the contribution of T-type channels in sensory transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sicong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linghui Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoe Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haixia Kuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengye Zhu
- Department of Pain Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daying Zhang
- Department of Pain Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Jisheng Han Academician Workstation for Pain Medicine, Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jisheng Han Academician Workstation for Pain Medicine, Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Song MY, Li CY, Liu XF, Xiao JY, Zhao H. Effect of 17β-oestradiol on T-type calcium channels in the lateral habenula. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12629. [PMID: 29917292 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels (T-channels) are critical for regulating neuronal excitability. Oestrogen alters neuronal excitability by modulating the expression of T-channels. The lateral habenula (LHb), as a link between the limbic system and midbrain structures, expresses T-channels and ERs. However, little is known about the role of oestrogen with respect to modulating T-channels in the LHb. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of T-channels in 3 LHb subregions (rostral, middle and caudal) in normal female rats. Next, we analysed the influence of 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) on T-channels in the LHb in ovariectomised (OVX) rats (oil and E2 groups) using whole-cell patch clamp recording and a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In normal rats, the results obtained showed that the peak of T-type calcium current (IT ) was -474.61 ± 48.33 pA and IT density was -29.11 ± 1.93 pA/pF. The IT peak and IT density on LHb neurones gradually decreased across the rostrocaudal axis. The neuronal firing pattern varied depending on the location: burst firing was dominant (53.85%) in the rostral LHb, whereas tonic firing was dominant (79.31%) in the caudal LHb. In OVX rats, real-time PCR analysis revealed that E2 treatment decreased Cav3.3 mRNA expression in the caudal LHb. Patch clamp recording showed that E2 treatment decreased the peak IT and also reduced the low-threshold spikes (LTS) number, amplitude and width of LTS in the caudal LHb. Taken together, the results obtained in the present study suggest that E2 may inhibit T-channel activity by selectively down-regulating Cav3.3 calcium channel in the caudal LHb, leading to reduced the possibility of burst firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ying Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun Ying Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Feng Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jin Yu Xiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Cain SM, Tyson JR, Choi H, Ko R, Lin PJC, LeDue JM, Powell KL, Bernier L, Rungta RL, Yang Y, Cullis PR, O'Brien TJ, MacVicar BA, Snutch TP. Ca V 3.2 drives sustained burst-firing, which is critical for absence seizure propagation in reticular thalamic neurons. Epilepsia 2018; 59:778-791. [PMID: 29468672 PMCID: PMC5900875 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic alterations have been identified in the CACNA1H gene, encoding the CaV 3.2 T-type calcium channel in patients with absence epilepsy, yet the precise mechanisms relating to seizure propagation and spike-wave-discharge (SWD) pacemaking remain unknown. Neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) express high levels of CaV 3.2 calcium channels, and we investigated whether a gain-of-function mutation in the Cacna1h gene in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) contributes to seizure propagation and pacemaking in the TRN. METHODS Pathophysiological contributions of CaV 3.2 calcium channels to burst firing and absence seizures were assessed in vitro using acute brain slice electrophysiology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in vivo using free-moving electrocorticography recordings. RESULTS TRN neurons from GAERS display sustained oscillatory burst-firing that is both age- and frequency-dependent, occurring only in the frequencies overlapping with GAERS SWDs and correlating with the expression of a CaV 3.2 mutation-sensitive splice variant. In vivo knock-down of CaV 3.2 using direct thalamic injection of lipid nanoparticles containing CaV 3.2 dicer small interfering (Dsi) RNA normalized TRN burst-firing, and in free-moving GAERS significantly shortened seizures. SIGNIFICANCE This supports a role for TRN CaV 3.2 T-type channels in propagating thalamocortical network seizures and setting the pacemaking frequency of SWDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M. Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - John R. Tyson
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Hyun‐Beom Choi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rebecca Ko
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Paulo J. C. Lin
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jeffrey M. LeDue
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Kim L. Powell
- The Department of NeuroscienceCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Louis‐Philippe Bernier
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Ravi L. Rungta
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Yi Yang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Pieter R. Cullis
- Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- The Department of NeuroscienceCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Brian A. MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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Cytosolic ATP Relieves Voltage-Dependent Inactivation of T-Type Calcium Channels and Facilitates Excitability of Neurons in the Rat Central Medial Thalamus. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0016-18. [PMID: 29468189 PMCID: PMC5819668 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0016-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The central medial nucleus (CeM) is a part of the intralaminar thalamus, which is involved in the control of arousal and sensory processing. However, ionic conductances and mechanisms that regulate the activity of the CeM are not well studied. Here, we used in vitro electrophysiology in acute brain slices from adolescent rats to demonstrate that T-type calcium currents (T-currents) are prominent in the majority of the studied CeM neurons and are critical determinants of low-threshold calcium spikes (LTSs), which in turn regulate excitability of these neurons. Using an ATP-free internal solution decreased T-current density and induced a profound hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation curves while voltage-dependent activation kinetics were spared. Furthermore, selective pharmacological blockade of T-channels or use of an ATP-free solution reduced both tonic action potential (AP) frequency and rebound burst firing in CeM neurons. Our results indicate that T-channels are critical regulators of a thalamocortical circuit output and suggest that cytosolic ATP could be an endogenous regulatory mechanism in which T-channels may functionally gate sensory transmission and arousal in vivo.
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Jaffe DB, Brenner R. A computational model for how the fast afterhyperpolarization paradoxically increases gain in regularly firing neurons. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1506-1520. [PMID: 29357445 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00385.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gain of a neuron, the number and frequency of action potentials triggered in response to a given amount of depolarizing injection, is an important behavior underlying a neuron's function. Variations in action potential waveform can influence neuronal discharges by the differential activation of voltage- and ion-gated channels long after the end of a spike. One component of the action potential waveform, the afterhyperpolarization (AHP), is generally considered an inhibitory mechanism for limiting firing rates. In dentate gyrus granule cells (DGCs) expressing fast-gated BK channels, large fast AHPs (fAHP) are paradoxically associated with increased gain. In this article, we describe a mechanism for this behavior using a computational model. Hyperpolarization provided by the fAHP enhances activation of a dendritic inward current (a T-type Ca2+ channel is suggested) that, in turn, boosts rebound depolarization at the soma. The model suggests that the fAHP may both reduce Ca2+ channel inactivation and, counterintuitively, enhance its activation. The magnitude of the rebound depolarization, in turn, determines the activation of a subsequent, slower inward current (a persistent Na+ current is suggested) limiting the interspike interval. Simulations also show that the effect of AHP on gain is also effective for physiologically relevant stimulation; varying AHP amplitude affects interspike interval across a range of "noisy" stimulus frequency and amplitudes. The mechanism proposed suggests that small fAHPs in DGCs may contribute to their limited excitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The afterhyperpolarization (AHP) is canonically viewed as a major factor underlying the refractory period, serving to limit neuronal firing rate. We recently reported that enhancing the amplitude of the fast AHP (fAHP) in a relatively slowly firing neuron (vs. fast spiking neurons) expressing fast-gated BK channels augments neuronal excitability. In this computational study, we present a novel, quantitative hypothesis for how varying the amplitude of the fAHP can, paradoxically, influence a subsequent spike tens of milliseconds later.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Jaffe
- Department of Biology, UTSA Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert Brenner
- Department of Cell and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas
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Chemin J, Taiakina V, Monteil A, Piazza M, Guan W, Stephens RF, Kitmitto A, Pang ZP, Dolphin AC, Perez-Reyes E, Dieckmann T, Guillemette JG, Spafford JD. Calmodulin regulates Ca v3 T-type channels at their gating brake. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20010-20031. [PMID: 28972185 PMCID: PMC5723990 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.807925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Cav1 and Cav2) and sodium channels possess homologous CaM-binding motifs, known as IQ motifs in their C termini, which associate with calmodulin (CaM), a universal calcium sensor. Cav3 T-type channels, which serve as pacemakers of the mammalian brain and heart, lack a C-terminal IQ motif. We illustrate that T-type channels associate with CaM using co-immunoprecipitation experiments and single particle cryo-electron microscopy. We demonstrate that protostome invertebrate (LCav3) and human Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 T-type channels specifically associate with CaM at helix 2 of the gating brake in the I-II linker of the channels. Isothermal titration calorimetry results revealed that the gating brake and CaM bind each other with high-nanomolar affinity. We show that the gating brake assumes a helical conformation upon binding CaM, with associated conformational changes to both CaM lobes as indicated by amide chemical shifts of the amino acids of CaM in 1H-15N HSQC NMR spectra. Intact Ca2+-binding sites on CaM and an intact gating brake sequence (first 39 amino acids of the I-II linker) were required in Cav3.2 channels to prevent the runaway gating phenotype, a hyperpolarizing shift in voltage sensitivities and faster gating kinetics. We conclude that the presence of high-nanomolar affinity binding sites for CaM at its universal gating brake and its unique form of regulation via the tuning of the voltage range of activity could influence the participation of Cav3 T-type channels in heart and brain rhythms. Our findings may have implications for arrhythmia disorders arising from mutations in the gating brake or CaM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Chemin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34094, France
| | | | - Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34094, France
| | - Michael Piazza
- Departments of Chemistry, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Wendy Guan
- Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Perez-Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | | | | | - J David Spafford
- Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Lacinová Ľ. Regulation of the Ca V3.2 calcium channels in health and disease Regulácia Ca V3.2 vápnikových kanálov v zdraví a chorobe. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/afpuc-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Family of T-type or low-voltage activated calcium channels consists of three members: CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3. CaV3.2 channel has almost identical biophysical properties as the CaV3.1 channel, but is distinguished by a specific tissue expression profile and a prominent role in several pathologies, including neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and dysregulation of cardiac rhythm. Further, it may be involved in phenotype of autism spectrum disorders, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It represents a promising target for future pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľ. Lacinová
- Slovenská akadémia vied, Biomedicínske centrum SAV, Bratislava , Slovakia
- Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave, Fakulta prírodných vied, Trnava , Slovakia
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Tonotopic Variation of the T-Type Ca 2+ Current in Avian Auditory Coincidence Detector Neurons. J Neurosci 2017; 38:335-346. [PMID: 29167400 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2237-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in avian nucleus laminaris (NL) are binaural coincidence detectors for sound localization and are characterized by striking structural variations in dendrites and axon initial segment (AIS) according to their acoustic tuning [characteristic frequency (CF)]. T-type Ca2+ (CaT) channels regulate synaptic integration and firing behavior at these neuronal structures. However, whether or how CaT channels contribute to the signal processing in NL neurons is not known. In this study, we addressed this issue with whole-cell recording and two-photon Ca2+ imaging in brain slices of posthatch chicks of both sexes. We found that the CaT current was prominent in low-CF neurons, whereas it was almost absent in higher-CF neurons. In addition, a large Ca2+ transient occurred at the dendrites and the AIS of low-CF neurons, indicating a localization of CaT channels at these structures in the neurons. Because low-CF neurons have long dendrites, dendritic CaT channels may compensate for the attenuation of EPSPs at dendrites. Furthermore, the short distance of AIS from the soma may accelerate activation of axonal CaT current in the neurons and help EPSPs reach spike threshold. Indeed, the CaT current was activated by EPSPs and augmented the synaptic response and spike generation of the neurons. Notably, the CaT current was inactivated during repetitive inputs, and these augmenting effects predominated at the initial phase of synaptic activity. These results suggested that dendritic and axonal CaT channels increase the sensitivity to sound at its onset, which may expand the dynamic range for binaural computation in low-CF NL neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons in nucleus laminaris are binaural coincidence detectors for sound localization. We report that T-type Ca2+ (CaT) current was prominent at dendrites and the axonal trigger zone in neurons tuned to low-frequency sound. Because these neurons have long dendrites and a closer trigger zone compared with those tuned to higher-frequency sound, the CaT current augmented EPSPs at dendrites and accelerated spike triggers in the neurons, implying a strategic arrangement of the current within the nucleus. This effect was limited to the onset of repetitive inputs due to progressive inactivation of CaT current. The results suggested that the CaT current increases the sensitivity to sound at its onset, which may expand the dynamic range for binaural computation of low-frequency sound.
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Cain SM, Garcia E, Waheed Z, Jones KL, Bushell TJ, Snutch TP. GABA B receptors suppress burst-firing in reticular thalamic neurons. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:574-586. [PMID: 28742985 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1358836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burst-firing in thalamic neurons is known to play a key role in mediating thalamocortical (TC) oscillations that are associated with non-REM sleep and some types of epileptic seizure. Within the TC system the primary output of GABAergic neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) is thought to induce the de-inactivation of T-type calcium channels in thalamic relay (TR) neurons, promoting burst-firing drive to the cortex and the propagation of TC network activity. However, RTN neurons also project back onto other neurons within the RTN. The role of this putative negative feedback upon the RTN itself is less well understood, although is hypothesized to induce de-synchronization of RTN neuron firing leading to the suppression of TC oscillations. Here we tested two hypotheses concerning possible mechanisms underlying TC oscillation modulation. Firstly, we assessed the burst-firing behavior of RTN neurons in response to GABAB receptor activation using acute brain slices. The selective GABAB receptor agonist baclofen was found to induce suppression of burst-firing concurrent with effects on membrane input resistance. Secondly, RTN neurons express CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 T-type calcium channel isoforms known to contribute toward TC burst-firing and we examined the modulation of these channels by GABAB receptor activation. Utilizing exogenously expressed T-type channels we assessed whether GABAB receptor activation could directly alter T-type calcium channel properties. Overall, GABAB receptor activation had only modest effects on CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 isoforms. The only effect that could be predicted to suppress burst-firing was a hyperpolarized shift in the voltage-dependence of inactivation, potentially causing lower channel availability at membrane potentials critical for burst-firing. Conversely, other effects observed such as a hyperpolarized shift in the voltage-dependence of activation of both CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 as well as increased time constant of activation of the CaV3.3 isoform would be expected to enhance burst-firing. Together, we hypothesize that GABAB receptor activation mediates multiple downstream effectors that combined act to suppress burst-firing within the RTN. It appears unlikely that direct GABAB receptor-mediated modulation of T-type calcium channels is the major mechanistic contributor to this suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Cain
- a Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Esperanza Garcia
- a Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Zeina Waheed
- a Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Karen L Jones
- a Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Trevor J Bushell
- b Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- a Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
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Modulation of T-type Ca2+ channels by Lavender and Rosemary extracts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186864. [PMID: 29073181 PMCID: PMC5658086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants represent a significant reservoir of unexplored substances for early-stage drug discovery. Of interest, two flowering Mediterranean plants have been used for thousands of years for their beneficial effects on nervous disorders, including anxiety and mood. However, the therapeutic potential of these plants regarding their ability to target ion channels and neuronal excitability remains largely unknown. Towards this goal, we have investigated the ability of Lavender and Rosemary to modulate T-type calcium channels (TTCCs). TTCCs play important roles in neuronal excitability, neuroprotection, sensory processes and sleep. These channels are also involved in epilepsy and pain. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we have characterized how Lavender and Rosemary extracts, as well as their major active compounds Linalool and Rosmarinic acid, modulate the electrophysiological properties of recombinant TTCCs (CaV3.2) expressed in HEK-293T cells. Both the methanolic and essential oil extracts as well as the active compounds of these plants inhibit Cav3.2 current in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, these products also induce a negative shift of the steady-state inactivation of CaV3.2 current with no change in the activation properties. Taken together, our findings reveal that TTCCs are a molecular target of the Lavender and Rosemary compounds, suggesting that inhibition of TTCCs could contribute to the anxiolytic and the neuroprotective effects of these plants.
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Coulon P, Landisman CE. The Potential Role of Gap Junctional Plasticity in the Regulation of State. Neuron 2017; 93:1275-1295. [PMID: 28334604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrical synapses are the functional correlate of gap junctions and allow transmission of small molecules and electrical current between coupled neurons. Instead of static pores, electrical synapses are actually plastic, similar to chemical synapses. In the thalamocortical system, gap junctions couple inhibitory neurons that are similar in their biochemical profile, morphology, and electrophysiological properties. We postulate that electrical synaptic plasticity among inhibitory neurons directly interacts with the switching between different firing patterns in a state-dependent and type-dependent manner. In neuronal networks, electrical synapses may function as a modifiable resonance feedback system that enables stable oscillations. Furthermore, the plasticity of electrical synapses may play an important role in regulation of state, synchrony, and rhythmogenesis in the mammalian thalamocortical system, similar to chemical synaptic plasticity. Based on their plasticity, rich diversity, and specificity, electrical synapses are thus likely to participate in the control of consciousness and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Coulon
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Carole E Landisman
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Smith CL, Abdallah S, Wong YY, Le P, Harracksingh AN, Artinian L, Tamvacakis AN, Rehder V, Reese TS, Senatore A. Evolutionary insights into T-type Ca 2+ channel structure, function, and ion selectivity from the Trichoplax adhaerens homologue. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:483-510. [PMID: 28330839 PMCID: PMC5379919 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T-type calcium channels in animals without nervous systems is unknown. Smith et al. characterize TCav3 from Trichoplax adhaerens, finding expression in neurosecretory-like cells and preference for Ca2+ over Na+ via strong extracellular Ca2+ block, despite low selectivity for Ca2+ in the pore. Four-domain voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels play fundamental roles in the nervous system, but little is known about when or how their unique properties and cellular roles evolved. Of the three types of metazoan Cav channels, Cav1 (L-type), Cav2 (P/Q-, N- and R-type) and Cav3 (T-type), Cav3 channels are optimized for regulating cellular excitability because of their fast kinetics and low activation voltages. These same properties permit Cav3 channels to drive low-threshold exocytosis in select neurons and neurosecretory cells. Here, we characterize the single T-type calcium channel from Trichoplax adhaerens (TCav3), an early diverging animal that lacks muscle, neurons, and synapses. Co-immunolocalization using antibodies against TCav3 and neurosecretory cell marker complexin labeled gland cells, which are hypothesized to play roles in paracrine signaling. Cloning and in vitro expression of TCav3 reveals that, despite roughly 600 million years of divergence from other T-type channels, it bears the defining structural and biophysical features of the Cav3 family. We also characterize the channel’s cation permeation properties and find that its pore is less selective for Ca2+ over Na+ compared with the human homologue Cav3.1, yet it exhibits a similar potent block of inward Na+ current by low external Ca2+ concentrations (i.e., the Ca2+ block effect). A comparison of the permeability features of TCav3 with other cloned channels suggests that Ca2+ block is a locus of evolutionary change in T-type channel cation permeation properties and that mammalian channels distinguish themselves from invertebrate ones by bearing both stronger Ca2+ block and higher Ca2+ selectivity. TCav3 is the most divergent metazoan T-type calcium channel and thus provides an evolutionary perspective on Cav3 channel structure–function properties, ion selectivity, and cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Smith
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Salsabil Abdallah
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yuen Yan Wong
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Phuong Le
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas S Reese
- National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adriano Senatore
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Cazade M, Bidaud I, Lory P, Chemin J. Activity-dependent regulation of T-type calcium channels by submembrane calcium ions. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28109159 PMCID: PMC5308894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in numerous physiological functions and various mechanisms finely tune their activity, including the Ca2+ ion itself. This is well exemplified by the Ca2+-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca2+ channels, whose alteration contributes to the dramatic disease Timothy Syndrome. For T-type Ca2+ channels, a long-held view is that they are not regulated by intracellular Ca2+. Here we challenge this notion by using dedicated electrophysiological protocols on both native and expressed T-type Ca2+ channels. We demonstrate that a rise in submembrane Ca2+ induces a large decrease in T-type current amplitude due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation. Activation of most representative Ca2+-permeable ionotropic receptors similarly regulate T-type current properties. Altogether, our data clearly establish that Ca2+ entry exerts a feedback control on T-type channel activity, by modulating the channel availability, a mechanism that critically links cellular properties of T-type Ca2+ channels to their physiological roles. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22331.001 Neurons, muscle cells and many other types of cells use electrical signals to exchange information and coordinate their behavior. Proteins known as calcium channels sit in the membrane that surrounds the cell and can generate electrical signals by allowing calcium ions to cross the membrane and enter the cell during electrical activities. Although calcium ions are needed to generate these electrical signals, and for many other processes in cells, if the levels of calcium ions inside cells become too high they can be harmful and cause disease. Cells have a “feedback” mechanism that prevents calcium ion levels from becoming too high. This mechanism relies on the calcium ions that are already in the cell being able to close the calcium channels. This feedback mechanism has been extensively studied in two types of calcium channel, but it is not known whether a third group of channels – known as Cav3 channels – are also regulated in this way. Cav3 channels are important in electrical signaling in neurons and have been linked with epilepsy, chronic pain and various other conditions in humans. Cazade et al. investigated whether calcium ions can regulate the activity of human Cav3 channels. The experiments show that these channels are indeed regulated by calcium ions, but using a distinct mechanism to other types of calcium channels. For the Cav3 channels, calcium ions alter the gating properties of the channels so that they are less easily activated . As a result, fewer Cav3 channels are “available” to provide calcium ions with a route into the cell. The next steps following on from this work will be to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this new feedback mechanism. Another challenge will be to find out what role this calcium ion-driven feedback plays in neurological disorders that are linked with altered Cav3 channel activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22331.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Cazade
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Bidaud
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Chemin
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
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46
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Abstract
The role of T-type calcium currents is rarely considered in the extensive literature covering the mechanisms of long-term synaptic plasticity. This situation reflects the lack of suitable T-type channel antagonists that till recently has hampered investigations of the functional roles of these channels. However, with the development of new pharmacological and genetic tools, a clear involvement of T-type channels in synaptic plasticity is starting to emerge. Here, we review a number of studies showing that T-type channels participate to numerous homo- and hetero-synaptic plasticity mechanisms that involve different molecular partners and both pre- and post-synaptic modifications. The existence of T-channel dependent and independent plasticity at the same synapse strongly suggests a subcellular localization of these channels and their partners that allows specific interactions. Moreover, we illustrate the functional importance of T-channel dependent synaptic plasticity in neocortex and thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Leresche
- a Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS) , Paris , France
| | - Régis C Lambert
- a Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) UM119, CNRS UMR8246, INSERM U1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS) , Paris , France
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47
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Aguado C, García-Madrona S, Gil-Minguez M, Luján R. Ontogenic Changes and Differential Localization of T-type Ca(2+) Channel Subunits Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 in Mouse Hippocampus and Cerebellum. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:83. [PMID: 27616982 PMCID: PMC4999439 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T-type calcium (Ca(2+)) channels play a central role in regulating membrane excitability in the brain. Although the contributions of T-type current to neuron output is often proposed to reflect a differential distribution of T-type channel subtypes to somato-dendritic compartments, their precise subcellular distributions in central neurons are not fully determined. Using histoblot and high-resolution immunoelectron microscopic techniques, we have investigated the expression, regional distribution and subcellular localization of T-type Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 channel subunits in the adult brain, as well as the ontogeny of expression during postnatal development. Histoblot analysis showed that Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 proteins were widely expressed in the brain, with mostly non-overlapping patterns. Cav3.1 showed the highest expression level in the molecular layer (ml) of the cerebellum (Cb), and Cav3.2 in the hippocampus (Hp) and the ml of Cb. During development, levels of Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 increased with age, although there were marked region- and developmental stage-specific differences in their expression. At the cellular and subcellular level, immunoelectron microscopy showed that labeling for Cav3.1 was present in somato-dendritic domains of hippocampal interneurons and Purkinje cells (PCs), while Cav3.2 was present in somato-dendritic domains of CA1 pyramidal cells, hippocampal interneurons and PCs. Most of the immunoparticles for Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 were either associated with the plasma membrane or the intracellular membranes, with notable differences depending on the compartment. Thus, Cav3.1 was mainly located in the plasma membrane of interneurons, whereas Cav3.2 was mainly located in the plasma membrane of dendritic spines and had a major intracellular distribution in dendritic shafts. In PCs, Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 showed similar distribution patterns. In addition to its main postsynaptic distribution, Cav3.2 but not Cav3.1 was also detected in axon terminals establishing excitatory synapses. These results shed new light on the subcellular localization of T-type channel subunits and provide evidence for the non-uniform distribution of Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 subunits over the plasma membrane of central neurons, which may account for the functional heterogeneity of T-type mediated current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Department Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Sebastián García-Madrona
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Department Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Minguez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Department Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Department Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain
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Coppola G, Ambrosini A, Clemente LD, Magis D, Fumal A, Gérard P, Pierelli F, Schoenen J. Interictal Abnormalities of Gamma Band Activity in Visual Evoked Responses in Migraine: An Indication of Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia? Cephalalgia 2016; 27:1360-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Between attacks, migraineurs lack habituation in standard visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Visual stimuli also evoke high-frequency oscillations in the gamma band range (GBOs, 20–35 Hz) assumed to be generated both at subcortical (early GBOs) and cortical levels (late GBOs). The consecutive peaks of GBOs were analysed regarding amplitude and habituation in six successive blocks of 100 averaged pattern reversal (PR)-VEPs in healthy volunteers and interictally in migraine with (MA) or without aura patients. Amplitude of the two early GBO components in the first PR-VEP block was significantly increased in MA patients. There was a significant habituation deficit of the late GBO peaks in migraineurs. The increased amplitude of early GBOs could be related to the increased interictal visual discomfort reported by patients. We hypothesize that the hypo-functioning serotonergic pathways may cause, in line with the thalamocortical dysrhythmia theory, a functional disconnection of the thalamus leading to decreased intracortical lateral inhibition, which can induce dishabituation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Coppola
- G.B. Bietti Eye Foundation-IRCCS, Department of Neurophysiology of Vision and Neurophthalmology
| | | | - L Di Clemente
- Headache Clinic, Department of Neurological Sciences, University ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, Italy
| | - D Magis
- Headache Research Unit, University Department of Neurology
| | - A Fumal
- Headache Research Unit, University Department of Neurology
| | - P Gérard
- Headache Research Unit, University Department of Neurology
| | - F Pierelli
- IRCCS-Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS)
- University ‘La Sapienza’, Polo Pontino—I.C.O.T., Rome, Italy
| | - J Schoenen
- Headache Research Unit, University Department of Neurology
- Res Ctr for Cell & Mol Neurobiology, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
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49
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Harraz OF, Visser F, Brett SE, Goldman D, Zechariah A, Hashad AM, Menon BK, Watson T, Starreveld Y, Welsh DG. CaV1.2/CaV3.x channels mediate divergent vasomotor responses in human cerebral arteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 145:405-18. [PMID: 25918359 PMCID: PMC4411256 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of arterial tone is critical in the spatial and temporal control of cerebral blood flow. Voltage-gated Ca(2+) (CaV) channels are key regulators of excitation-contraction coupling in arterial smooth muscle, and thereby of arterial tone. Although L- and T-type CaV channels have been identified in rodent smooth muscle, little is known about the expression and function of specific CaV subtypes in human arteries. Here, we determined which CaV subtypes are present in human cerebral arteries and defined their roles in determining arterial tone. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively, identified mRNA and protein for L- and T-type channels in smooth muscle of cerebral arteries harvested from patients undergoing resection surgery. Analogous to rodents, CaV1.2 (L-type) and CaV3.2 (T-type) α1 subunits were expressed in human cerebral arterial smooth muscle; intriguingly, the CaV3.1 (T-type) subtype present in rodents was replaced with a different T-type isoform, CaV3.3, in humans. Using established pharmacological and electrophysiological tools, we separated and characterized the unique profiles of Ca(2+) channel subtypes. Pressurized vessel myography identified a key role for CaV1.2 and CaV3.3 channels in mediating cerebral arterial constriction, with the former and latter predominating at higher and lower intraluminal pressures, respectively. In contrast, CaV3.2 antagonized arterial tone through downstream regulation of the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel. Computational analysis indicated that each Ca(2+) channel subtype will uniquely contribute to the dynamic regulation of cerebral blood flow. In conclusion, this study documents the expression of three distinct Ca(2+) channel subtypes in human cerebral arteries and further shows how they act together to orchestrate arterial tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F Harraz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Frank Visser
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Suzanne E Brett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Anil Zechariah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Hashad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tim Watson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yves Starreveld
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain and Libin Cardiovascular Institutes, and Molecular Core Facility, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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50
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Abstract
A central theme in the quest to unravel the genetic basis of epilepsy has been the effort to elucidate the roles played by inherited defects in ion channels. The ubiquitous expression of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) throughout the central nervous system (CNS), along with their involvement in fundamental processes, such as neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, has made them attractive candidates. Recent insights provided by the identification of mutations in the P/Q-type calcium channel in humans and rodents with epilepsy and the finding of thalamic T-type calcium channel dysfunction in the absence of seizures have raised expectations of a causal role of calcium channels in the polygenic inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy. In this review, we consider how genetic variation in neuronal VGCCs may influence the development of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Rajakulendran
- UCL-Institute of Neurology, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G Hanna
- UCL-Institute of Neurology, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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