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Yuan JH, Cheng X, Matsuura E, Higuchi Y, Ando M, Hashiguchi A, Yoshimura A, Nakachi R, Mine J, Taketani T, Maeda K, Kawakami S, Kira R, Tanaka S, Kanai K, Dib-Hajj F, Dib-Hajj SD, Waxman SG, Takashima H. Genetic, electrophysiological, and pathological studies on patients with SCN9A-related pain disorders. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:597-607. [PMID: 37555797 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7, encoded by the SCN9A gene, has been linked to diverse painful peripheral neuropathies, represented by the inherited erythromelalgia (EM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD). The aim of this study was to determine the genetic etiology of patients experiencing neuropathic pain, and shed light on the underlying pathogenesis. METHODS We enrolled eight patients presenting with early-onset painful peripheral neuropathies, consisting of six cases exhibiting EM/EM-like disorders and two cases clinically diagnosed with PEPD. We conducted a gene-panel sequencing targeting 18 genes associated with hereditary sensory and/or autonomic neuropathy. We introduced novel SCN9A mutation (F1624S) into a GFP-2A-Nav1.7rNS plasmid, and the constructs were then transiently transfected into HEK293 cells. We characterized both wild-type and F1624S Nav1.7 channels using an automated high-throughput patch-clamp system. RESULTS From two patients displaying EM-like/EM phenotypes, we identified two SCN9A mutations, I136V and P1308L. Among two patients diagnosed with PEPD, we found two additional mutations in SCN9A, F1624S (novel) and A1632E. Patch-clamp analysis of Nav1.7-F1624S revealed depolarizing shifts in both steady-state fast inactivation (17.4 mV, p < .001) and slow inactivation (5.5 mV, p < .001), but no effect on channel activation was observed. INTERPRETATION Clinical features observed in our patients broaden the phenotypic spectrum of SCN9A-related pain disorders, and the electrophysiological analysis enriches the understanding of genotype-phenotype association caused by Nav1.7 gain-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakachi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Okinawa Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jun Mine
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
- National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kenichi Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Kawakami
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoko Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fadia Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sulayman D Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Nair SS, Pavelkova N, Murphy CM, Kollarik M, Taylor-Clark TE. Action potential conduction in the mouse and rat vagus nerve is dependent on multiple voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V1s). J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:684-693. [PMID: 37584077 PMCID: PMC10635471 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00041.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Action potential (AP) conduction depends on voltage-gated sodium channels, of which there are nine subtypes. The vagus nerve, comprising sensory afferent fibers and efferent parasympathetic fibers, provides autonomic regulation of visceral organs, but the voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1) subtypes involved in its AP conduction are poorly defined. We studied the A- and C-waves of electrically stimulated compound action potentials (CAPs) of the mouse and rat vagus nerves with and without NaV1 inhibitor administration: tetrodotoxin (TTX), PF-05089771 (mouse NaV1.7), ProTX-II (NaV1.7), ICA-121341 (NaV1.1, NaV1.3, and NaV1.6), LSN-3049227 (NaV1.2, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7), and A-803467 (NaV1.8). We show that TTX-sensitive NaV1 channels are essential for all vagal AP conduction. PF-05089771 but not ICA-121341 inhibited the mouse A-wave, which was abolished by LSN-3049227, suggesting roles for NaV1.7 and NaV1.2. The mouse C-wave was abolished by LSN-3049227 and a combination of PF-05089771 and ICA-121341, suggesting roles for NaV1.7 and NaV1.6. The rat A-wave was inhibited by ProTX-II, ICA-121341, and a combination of these inhibitors but only abolished by LSN-3049227, suggesting roles for NaV1.7, NaV1.6, and NaV1.2. The rat C-wave was abolished by LSN-3049227 and a combination of ProTX-II and ICA-121341, suggesting roles for NaV1.7 and NaV1.6. A-803467 also inhibited the mouse and rat CAP suggesting a cooperative role for the TTX-resistant NaV1.8. Overall, our data demonstrate that multiple NaV1 subtypes contribute to vagal CAPs, with NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 playing predominant roles and NaV1.6 and NaV1.2 contributing to a different extent based on nerve fiber type and species. Inhibition of these NaV1 may impact autonomic regulation of visceral organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Distinct NaV1 channels are involved in action potential (AP) initiation and conduction from afferent terminals within specific organs. Here, we have identified the NaV1 necessary for AP conduction in the entire murine and rat vagus nerve. We show TTX-sensitive channels are essential for all AP conduction, predominantly NaV1.7 with NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 playing lesser roles depending on the species and fiber type. In addition, we show that NaV1.8 is also essential for most axonal AP conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay S Nair
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Nikoleta Pavelkova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Claire M Murphy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Marian Kollarik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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3
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Finol-Urdaneta RK, Zhorov BS, Baden DG, Adams DJ. Brevetoxin versus Brevenal Modulation of Human Nav1 Channels. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:396. [PMID: 37504927 PMCID: PMC10382042 DOI: 10.3390/md21070396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brevetoxins (PbTx) and brevenal are marine ladder-frame polyethers. PbTx binds to and activates voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in native tissues, whereas brevenal antagonizes these actions. However, the effects of PbTx and brevenal on recombinant Nav channel function have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, the PbTx-3 and brevenal modulation of tissue-representative Nav channel subtypes Nav1.2, Nav1.4, Nav1.5, and Nav1.7 were examined using automated patch-clamp. While PbTx-3 and brevenal elicit concentration-dependent and subtype-specific modulatory effects, PbTx-3 is >1000-fold more potent than brevenal. Consistent with effects observed in native tissues, Nav1.2 and Nav1.4 channels were PbTx-3- and brevenal-sensitive, whereas Nav1.5 and Nav1.7 appeared resistant. Interestingly, the incorporation of brevenal in the intracellular solution caused Nav channels to become less sensitive to PbTx-3 actions. Furthermore, we generated a computational model of PbTx-2 bound to the lipid-exposed side of the interface between domains I and IV of Nav1.2. Our results are consistent with competitive antagonism between brevetoxins and brevenal, setting a basis for future mutational analyses of Nav channels' interaction with brevetoxins and brevenal. Our findings provide valuable insights into the functional modulation of Nav channels by brevetoxins and brevenal, which may have implications for the development of new Nav channel modulators with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio K Finol-Urdaneta
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel G Baden
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington MARBIONC, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - David J Adams
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Hernández-Plata E, Cruz AA, Becerril C. Na V1.7 channels are expressed in the lower airways of the human respiratory tract. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 311:104034. [PMID: 36792043 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
NaV channels expression have been reported in upper airways and tracheal smooth muscle cells controlling the generation and propagation of action potentials in the respiratory tract sensory neurons, but information about the presence of these proteins in the bronchioalveolar structures in human lungs was missing. The main objective covered in this work was to determine whether the NaV1.7 channels are expressed in lower airways, and to identify the cellular identities expressing these proteins. We detected high levels of the mRNA coding for NaV1.7 channels in isolated lung fibroblasts obtained from both normal lungs, and fibrotic lungs of patients with respiratory diseases. The protein was detected with two different antibodies in the bronchioalveolar tissue, alveolar endothelium, and capillary endothelium, in normal and pathologic lungs. These evidences are useful in the dissection of molecular mechanisms of pulmonary pathologies, and lead to consider the NaV1.7 channels as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everardo Hernández-Plata
- Investigador por México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, and Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ana Alfaro Cruz
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital General de México, "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carina Becerril
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Brozmanova M, Buday T, Jakusova J, Melegova J, Plevkova J. Influence of combined voltage-gated sodium channel Na V1.7 and Na V1.8 inhibitors on cough in a guinea pig model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 312:104043. [PMID: 36871863 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological excessive cough is a serious clinical problem in many patients. It is no doubt that an increased activation and sensitization of airway vagal C-fibres in disease stems from dysregulation of the neural pathways that control cough. Due to the limited efficacy and unwanted side effects of current antitussives, there is a continual demand for the development of a novel more effective antitussive. Since voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are absolutely required for action potentials initiation and conduction irrespective of the stimulus, NaVs became a promising and attractive neural target. Current studies establish that NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 inhibitors have the potential to suppress cough. In this study, we demonstrated that inhaled aerosol of NaV1.7 inhibitor PF-05089771 (10 μM) and NaV1.8 inhibitor A-803467 (1 mM) mixture inhibited the capsaicin-induced cough by ≈ 60 % and citric acid-induced cough by ≈ 65 % at doses that did not modify respiratory rate. Our previous and present studies indicate that NaV1.7 and NaV1.8 may present promising therapeutic targets for antitussive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brozmanova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Tomas Buday
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Janka Jakusova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Melegova
- Central Animal Facility, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jana Plevkova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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6
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Kim JS, Sun H, Meeker S, Undem BJ. Role of Na V 1.9 in inflammatory mediator-induced activation of mouse airway vagal C-fibres. J Physiol 2023; 601:1139-1150. [PMID: 36750759 PMCID: PMC10023385 DOI: 10.1113/jp283751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of NaV 1.9 on inflammatory mediator-induced activation of airway vagal nodose C-fibres was evaluated by comparing responses in wild-type versus NaV 1.9-/- mice. A single-cell RT-PCR analysis indicated that virtually all nodose C-fibre neurons expressed NaV 1.9 (SCN11A) mRNA. Using extracellular electrophysiological recordings in an isolated vagally innervated mouse trachea-lung preparation, it was noted that mediators acting via G protein-coupled receptors (PAR2), or ionotropic receptors (P2×3) were 70-85% less effective in evoking action potential discharge in the absence of NaV 1.9. However, there was no difference in action potential discharge between wild-type and NaV 1.9-/- when the stimulus was a rapid punctate mechanical stimulus. An analysis of the passive and active properties of isolated nodose neurons revealed no difference between neurons from wild-type and NaV 1.9-/- mice, with the exception of a modest difference in the duration of the afterhyperpolarization. There was also no difference in the amount of current required to evoke action potentials (rheobase) or the action potential voltage threshold. The inward current evoked by the chemical mediator by a P2×3 agonist was the same in wild-type versus NaV 1.9-/- neurons. However, the current was sufficient to evoke action potential only in the wild-type neurons. The data support the speculation that NaV 1.9 could be an attractive therapeutic target for inflammatory airway disease by selectively inhibiting inflammatory mediator-associated vagal C-fibre activation. KEY POINTS: Inflammatory mediators were much less effective in activating the terminals of vagal airway C-fibres in mice lacking NaV 1.9. The active and passive properties of nodose neurons were the same between wild-type neurons and NaV 1.9-/- neurons. Nerves lacking NaV 1.9 responded, normally, with action potential discharge to rapid punctate mechanical stimulation of the terminals or the rapid stimulation of the cell bodies with inward current injections. NaV 1.9 channels could be an attractive target to selectively inhibit vagal nociceptive C-fibre activation evoked by inflammatory mediators without blocking the nerves' responses to the potentially hazardous stimuli associated with aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Kim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonya Meeker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bradley J Undem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Loya-López SI, Duran P, Ran D, Calderon-Rivera A, Gomez K, Moutal A, Khanna R. Cell specific regulation of NaV1.7 activity and trafficking in rat nodose ganglia neurons. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100109. [PMID: 36531612 PMCID: PMC9755031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium NaV1.7 channel sets the threshold for electrogenesis. Mutations in the gene encoding human NaV1.7 (SCN9A) cause painful neuropathies or pain insensitivity. In dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, activity and trafficking of NaV1.7 are regulated by the auxiliary collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Specifically, preventing addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), by the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, at lysine-374 (K374) of CRMP2 reduces NaV1.7 channel trafficking and activity. We previously identified a small molecule, designated 194, that prevented CRMP2 SUMOylation by Ubc9 to reduce NaV1.7 surface expression and currents, leading to a reduction in spinal nociceptive transmission, and culminating in normalization of mechanical allodynia in models of neuropathic pain. In this study, we investigated whether NaV1.7 control via CRMP2-SUMOylation is conserved in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons. This study was motivated by our desire to develop 194 as a safe, non-opioid substitute for persistent pain, which led us to wonder how 194 would impact NaV1.7 in NG neurons, which are responsible for driving the cough reflex. We found functioning NaV1.7 channels in NG neurons; however, they were resistant to downregulation via either CRMP2 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CRMP2 SUMOylation by 194. CRMP2 SUMOylation and interaction with NaV1.7 was consered in NG neurons but the endocytic machinery was deficient in the endocytic adaptor protein Numb. Overexpression of Numb rescued CRMP2-dependent regulation on NaV1.7, rendering NG neurons sensitive to 194. Altogether, these data point at the existence of cell-specific mechanisms regulating NaV1.7 trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago I. Loya-López
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Aida Calderon-Rivera
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Kimberly Gomez
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA
- NYU Pain Research Center, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Fouda MA, Ghovanloo MR, Ruben PC. Late sodium current: incomplete inactivation triggers seizures, myotonias, arrhythmias, and pain syndromes. J Physiol 2022; 600:2835-2851. [PMID: 35436004 DOI: 10.1113/jp282768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired and inherited dysfunction in voltage-gated sodium channels underlies a wide range of diseases. "In addition to the defects in trafficking and expression, sodium channelopathies are also caused by dysfunction in one or several gating properties, for instance activation or inactivation. Disruption of the channel inactivation leads to the increased late sodium current, which is a common defect in seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias skeletal muscle myotonia and pain. An increase in late sodium current leads to repetitive action potential in neurons and skeletal muscles, and prolonged action potential duration in the heart. In this topical review, we compare the effects of late sodium current in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and peripheral nerves. Abstract figure legend Shows cartoon illustration of general Nav channel transitions between (1) resting, (2) open, and (3) fast inactivated states. Disruption of the inactivation process exacerbates (4) late sodium currents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Peter C Ruben
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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9
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Spinal cord injury-mediated changes in electrophysiological properties of rat gastric nodose ganglion neurons. Exp Neurol 2022; 348:113927. [PMID: 34798136 PMCID: PMC8727501 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical rodent models, spinal cord injury (SCI) manifests as gastric vagal afferent dysfunction both acutely and chronically. However, the mechanism that underlies this dysfunction remains unknown. In the current study, we examined the effect of SCI on gastric nodose ganglia (NG) neuron excitability and on voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channels expression and function in rats after an acute (i.e. 3-days) and chronic (i.e. 3-weeks) period. Rats randomly received either T3-SCI or sham control surgery 3-days or 3-weeks prior to experimentation as well as injections of 3% DiI solution into the stomach to identify gastric NG neurons. Single cell qRT-PCR was performed on acutely dissociated DiI-labeled NG neurons to measure NaV1.7, NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 expression levels. The results indicate that all 3 channel subtypes decreased. Current- and voltage-clamp whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on acutely dissociated DiI-labeled NG neurons to measure active and passive properties of C- and A-fibers as well as the biophysical characteristics of NaV1.8 channels in gastric NG neurons. Acute and chronic SCI did not demonstrate deleterious effects on either passive properties of dissociated gastric NG neurons or biophysical properties of NaV1.8. These findings suggest that although NaV gene expression levels change following SCI, NaV1.8 function is not altered. The disruption throughout the entirety of the vagal afferent neuron has yet to be investigated.
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Taylor-Clark TE, Undem BJ. Neural control of the lower airways: Role in cough and airway inflammatory disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 188:373-391. [PMID: 35965034 PMCID: PMC10688079 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91534-2.00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Airway function is under constant neurophysiological control, in order to maximize airflow and gas exchange and to protect the airways from aspiration, damage, and infection. There are multiple sensory nerve subtypes, whose disparate functions provide a wide array of sensory information into the CNS. Activation of these subtypes triggers specific reflexes, including cough and alterations in autonomic efferent control of airway smooth muscle, secretory cells, and vasculature. Importantly, every aspect of these reflex arcs can be impacted and altered by local inflammation caused by chronic lung disease such as asthma, bronchitis, and infections. Excessive and inappropriate activity in sensory and autonomic nerves within the airways is thought to contribute to the morbidity and symptoms associated with lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bradley J Undem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Brozmanova M, Buday T, Konarska M, Plevkova J. The effect of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 blocker PF-05089771 on cough in the guinea pig. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 299:103856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (P.B.-V.)
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Kamei J. [Recent Findings on the Mechanism of Cough Hypersensitivity as a Cause of Chronic Cough]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1333-1342. [PMID: 34853206 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients complain to medical institutions about a cough that persists for more than 8 weeks, namely chronic cough. The cough observed in patients with chronic cough is not responsive to conventional antitussive agents such as dihydrocodeine and dextromethorphan, and this is a major clinical problem. The most common pathology of chronic cough in Japan is dry cough. Two causes of dry cough are increased sensitivity of cough receptors (cough hypersensitivity) and increased contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Among these, the mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity are diverse, and understanding these mechanisms is important for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough. In this paper I will review the regulatory mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity, especially the regulation of Aδ fiber excitability by C fibers. Furthermore, the central mechanisms involved cough reflex are discussed in relation to central acting antitussives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University
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14
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Hadley S, Patil MJ, Pavelkova N, Kollarik M, Taylor-Clark TE. Contribution of tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V1) to action potential discharge from mouse esophageal tension mechanoreceptors. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R672-R686. [PMID: 34523364 PMCID: PMC8616622 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00199.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Action potentials depend on voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1s), which have nine α subtypes. NaV1 inhibition is a target for pathologies involving excitable cells such as pain. However, because NaV1 subtypes are widely expressed, inhibitors may inhibit regulatory sensory systems. Here, we investigated specific NaV1s and their inhibition in mouse esophageal mechanoreceptors-non-nociceptive vagal sensory afferents that are stimulated by low threshold mechanical distension, which regulate esophageal motility. Using single fiber electrophysiology, we found mechanoreceptor responses to esophageal distension were abolished by tetrodotoxin. Single-cell RT-PCR revealed that esophageal-labeled TRPV1-negative vagal neurons expressed multiple tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV1s: NaV1.7 (almost all neurons) and NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.6 (in ∼50% of neurons). Inhibition of NaV1.7, using PF-05089771, had a small inhibitory effect on mechanoreceptor responses to distension. Inhibition of NaV1.1 and NaV1.6, using ICA-121341, had a similar small inhibitory effect. The combination of PF-05089771 and ICA-121341 inhibited but did not eliminate mechanoreceptor responses. Inhibition of NaV1.2, NaV1.6, and NaV1.7 using LSN-3049227 inhibited but did not eliminate mechanoreceptor responses. Thus, all four tetrodotoxin-sensitive NaV1s contribute to action potential initiation from esophageal mechanoreceptors terminals. This is different to those NaV1s necessary for vagal action potential conduction, as demonstrated using GCaMP6s imaging of esophageal vagal neurons during electrical stimulation. Tetrodotoxin-sensitive conduction was abolished in many esophageal neurons by PF-05089771 alone, indicating a critical role of NaV1.7. In summary, multiple NaV1 subtypes contribute to electrical signaling in esophageal mechanoreceptors. Thus, inhibition of individual NaV1s would likely have minimal effect on afferent regulation of esophageal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hadley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mayur J Patil
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nikoleta Pavelkova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Marian Kollarik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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Yu L, Tsuji K, Ujihara I, Liu Q, Pavelkova N, Tsujimura T, Inoue M, Meeker S, Nisenbaum E, McDermott JS, Krajewski J, Undem BJ, Kollarik M, Canning BJ. Antitussive effects of Na V 1.7 blockade in Guinea pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174192. [PMID: 34010618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies implicated the voltage-gated sodium channel subtype NaV 1.7 in the transmission of action potentials by the vagal afferent nerves regulating cough and thus identified this channel as a rational therapeutic target for antitussive therapy. But it is presently unclear whether a systemically administered small molecule inhibitor of NaV 1.7 conductance can achieve therapeutic benefit in the absence of side effects on cardiovascular function, gastrointestinal motility or respiration. To this end, we have evaluated the antitussive effects of the NaV 1.7 selective blocker Compound 801 administered systemically in awake guinea pigs or administered topically in anesthetized guinea pigs. We also evaluated the antitussive effects of ambroxol, a low affinity NaV blocker modestly selective for tetrodotoxin resistant NaV subtypes. Both Compound 801 and ambroxol dose-dependently inhibited action potential conduction in guinea pig vagus nerves (assessed by compound potential), with ambroxol nearly 100-fold less potent than the NaV 1.7 selective Compound 801 in this and other NaV 1.7-dependent guinea pig and human tissue-based assays. Both drugs also inhibited citric acid evoked coughing in awake or anesthetized guinea pigs, with potencies supportive of an NaV 1.7-dependent mechanism. Notably, however, the antitussive effects of systemically administered Compound 801 were accompanied by hypotension and respiratory depression. Given the antitussive effects of topically administered Compound 801, we speculate that the likely insurmountable side effects on blood pressure and respiratory drive associated with systemic dosing make topical formulations a viable and perhaps unavoidable therapeutic strategy for targeting NaV 1.7 in cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongii University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Kojun Tsuji
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Izumi Ujihara
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Qi Liu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nikoleta Pavelkova
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Takanori Tsujimura
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Division of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sonya Meeker
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eric Nisenbaum
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | | | - Jeff Krajewski
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Bradley J Undem
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Marian Kollarik
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brendan J Canning
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Tetrodotoxin: A New Strategy to Treat Visceral Pain? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070496. [PMID: 34357968 PMCID: PMC8310099 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Although the origin of these symptoms has not been clearly defined, the implication of both the central and peripheral nervous systems in visceral hypersensitivity is well established. The role of several pathways in visceral nociception has been explored, as well as the influence of specific receptors on afferent neurons, such as voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs initiate action potentials and dysfunction of these channels has recently been associated with painful GI conditions. Current treatments for visceral pain generally involve opioid based drugs, which are associated with important side-effects and a loss of effectiveness or tolerance. Hence, efforts have been intensified to find new, more effective and longer-lasting therapies. The implication of VGSCs in visceral hypersensitivity has drawn attention to tetrodotoxin (TTX), a relatively selective sodium channel blocker, as a possible and promising molecule to treat visceral pain and related diseases. As such, here we will review the latest information regarding this toxin that is relevant to the treatment of visceral pain and the possible advantages that it may offer relative to other treatments, alone or in combination.
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The Changes in Expression of Na V1.7 and Na V1.8 and the Effects of the Inhalation of Their Blockers in Healthy and Ovalbumin-Sensitized Guinea Pig Airways. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070511. [PMID: 34357161 PMCID: PMC8304019 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The presented study evaluated the suppositional changes in the airway expression of Nav1.8 and Nav1.7 and their role in the airway defense mechanisms in healthy animals and in an experimental asthma model. Methods: The effects of the blockers inhalation on the reactivity of guinea pig airways, number of citric-acid-induced coughs and ciliary beating frequency (CBF) were tested in vivo. Chronic inflammation simulating asthma was induced by repetitive exposure to ovalbumin. The expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 was examined by ELISA. Results: The Nav 1.8 blocker showed complex antitussive and bronchodilatory effects and significantly regulated the CBF in healthy and sensitized animals. The Nav1.7 blockers significantly inhibited coughing and participated in CBF control in the ovalbumin-sensitized animals. The increased expression of the respective ion channels in the sensitized animals corresponded to changes in CBF regulation. The therapeutic potency of the Nav1.8 blocker was evidenced in combinations with classic bronchodilators. Conclusion: The allergic-inflammation-upregulated expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 and corresponding effects of blocker inhalation on airway defense mechanisms, along with the Nav1.8 blocker’s compatibility with classic antiasthmatic drugs, bring novel possibilities for the treatment of various respiratory diseases. However, the influence of the Nav1.8 blocker on CBF requires further investigation.
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Sun H. Different sensitivity of action potential generation to the rate of depolarization in vagal afferent A-fiber versus C-fiber neurons. J Neurophysiol 2021; 125:2000-2012. [PMID: 33881911 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00722.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the action potential discharge in vagal afferent A-fiber neurons is about 20 times more sensitive to the rate of membrane depolarization compared to C-fiber neurons. The sensitivity of action potential generation to the depolarization rate in vagal sensory neurons is independent of the intensity of current stimuli but nearly abrogated by inhibiting the D-type potassium channel. These findings help better understand the mechanisms that control the activation of vagal afferent nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Brozmanova M, Pavelkova N. The Prospect for Potent Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Blockers to Relieve an Excessive Cough. Physiol Res 2021; 69:S7-S18. [PMID: 32228007 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive, irritable, productive or non-productive coughing associated with airway inflammation belongs to pathological cough. Increased activation of airway vagal nociceptors in pathological conditions results from dysregulation of the neural pathway that controls cough. A variety of mediators associated with airway inflammation overstimulate these vagal airway fibers including C-fibers leading to hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity. Because current antitussives have limited efficacy and unwanted side effects there is a continual demand for the development of a novel more effective antitussives for a new efficacious and safe cough treatment. Therefore, inhibiting the activity of these vagal C-fibers represents a rational approach to the development of effective antitussive drugs. This may be achieved by blocking inflammatory mediator receptors or by blocking the generator potential associated with the specific ion channels. Because voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are absolutely required for action potentials initiation and conduction irrespective of the stimulus, NaVs become a promising neural target. There is evidence that NaV1.7, 1.8 and 1.9 subtypes are predominantly expressed in airway cough-triggering nerves. The advantage of blocking these NaVs is suppressing C-fiber irrespective to stimuli, but the disadvantage is that by suppressing the nerves is may also block beneficial sensations and neuronal reflex behavior. The concept is that new antitussive drugs would have the benefit of targeting peripheral airway nociceptors without inhibiting the protective cough reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brozmanova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia.
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20
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Abdulqawi R, Satia I, Kanemitsu Y, Khalid S, Holt K, Dockry R, Woodcock AA, Smith JA. A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Lidocaine Administered via Throat Spray and Nebulization in Patients with Refractory Chronic Cough. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:1640-1647. [PMID: 33259976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory chronic cough (RCC) is a debilitating condition for which there are no licensed treatments. Lidocaine is a nonselective inhibitor of voltage-gated sodium channels with potential antitussive effects, but randomized placebo-controlled studies evaluating its efficacy in RCC are lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of nebulized lidocaine and lidocaine throat spray versus matched placebos in RCC. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, 3-way crossover study, comparing the effect of single doses of nebulized lidocaine with lidocaine delivered by a throat spray and matched placebo. The primary end point was cough frequency over the 10 hours following treatment. Secondary end points were visual analog scale scores for urge-to-cough and cough severity; an exploratory analysis evaluated hourly cough rates up to 5 hours after treatment. RESULTS Twenty-six subjects with RCC were recruited (22 females; mean age, 53.5 ± 12.1 years; FEV1 %predicted, 105.2 ± 16.8 L; forced vital capacity %predicted, 112.4 ± 18 L). Lidocaine throat spray, but not nebulized lidocaine, significantly reduced 10-hour cough frequency as compared with placebo (throat spray, 22.6 coughs/h; nebulization, 26.9 coughs/h; and placebos, 27.6 coughs/h; P = .04,). Lidocaine throat spray showed the greatest effect on cough compared with placebo in the first hour after administration (31.7 coughs/h vs 74.2 coughs/h; P = .004). Both nebulizer and spray treatments significantly alleviated urge-to-cough and cough severity visual analog scale scores compared with placebo (P < .05). There were no serious adverse events associated with lidocaine therapy. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine throat spray was effective in reducing cough frequency in patients with RCC. Voltage-gated sodium channel inhibitors applied to pharynx have potential as therapies for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayid Abdulqawi
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Satia
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; McMaster University, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Kanemitsu
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Saifudin Khalid
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Holt
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Dockry
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley A Woodcock
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaclyn A Smith
- University of Manchester, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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21
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Ru F, Pavelkova N, Krajewski JL, McDermott JS, Undem BJ, Kollarik M. Stimulus intensity-dependent recruitment of Na V1 subunits in action potential initiation in nerve terminals of vagal C-fibers innervating the esophagus. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G443-G453. [PMID: 32726130 PMCID: PMC7654645 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00122.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV1) subunits that regulate action potential initiation in the nerve terminals of vagal nodose C-fibers innervating the esophagus. Extracellular single fiber recordings were made from the nodose C-fibers, with mechanically sensitive nerve terminals in the isolated innervated guinea pig esophagus. NaV1 inhibitors were selectively delivered to the tissue-containing nerve terminals. Graded esophageal distention was used for mechanical stimulation. The NaV1.7 inhibitor PF-05089771 nearly abolished action potential initiation in response to low levels of esophageal distention but only partially inhibited the response to higher levels of esophageal distention. The PF-05089771-insensitive component of the response progressively increased (up to ≈50%) with increasing esophageal distention and was abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX). In addition to NaV1.7, nodose C-fiber [transient receptor potential channel-vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1)-positive] neurons retrogradely labeled from the esophagus expressed mRNA for multiple TTX-sensitive NaV1s. The group NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.3 inhibitor ICA-121431 inhibited but did not abolish the PF-05089771-insensitive component of the response to high level of esophageal distention. However, combination of ICA-121431 with compound 801, which also inhibits NaV1.7 and NaV1.6, nearly abolished the response to the high level of esophageal distention. Our data indicate that the action potential initiation in esophageal nodose C-fibers evoked by low (innocuous) levels of esophageal distention is mediated by NaV1.7. However, the response evoked by higher (noxious) levels of esophageal distention has a progressively increasing NaV1.7-independent component that involves multiple TTX-sensitive NaV1s. The stimulus intensity-dependent recruitment of NaV1s may offer novel opportunities for strategic targeting of NaV1 subunits for inhibition of nociceptive signaling in visceral C-fibers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that pharmacologically distinguishable voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV1) mediate action potential initiation at low (innocuous) versus high (noxious) intensity of esophageal distention in nerve terminals of vagal nodose C-fibers. Action potential initiation at low intensity is entirely dependent on NaV1.7; however, additional tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive NaV1s are recruited at higher intensity of distention. This is the first demonstration that NaV1s underlying action potential initiation in visceral C-fibers depend on the intensity of the stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ru
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nikoleta Pavelkova
- 2University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Bradley J. Undem
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marian Kollarik
- 2University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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Kowalski CW, Ragozzino FJ, Lindberg JEM, Peterson B, Lugo JM, McLaughlin RJ, Peters JH. Cannabidiol activation of vagal afferent neurons requires TRPA1. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1388-1398. [PMID: 32965166 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00128.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal afferent neurons abundantly express excitatory transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which strongly influence afferent signaling. Cannabinoids have been identified as direct agonists of TRP channels, including TRPA1 and TRPV1, suggesting that exogenous cannabinoids may influence vagal signaling via TRP channel activation. The diverse therapeutic effects of electrical vagus nerve stimulation also result from administration of the nonpsychotropic cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD); however, the direct effects of CBD on vagal afferent signaling remain unknown. We investigated actions of CBD on vagal afferent neurons, using calcium imaging and electrophysiology. CBD produced strong excitatory effects in neurons expressing TRPA1. CBD responses were prevented by removal of bath calcium, ruthenium red, and the TRPA1 antagonist A967079, but not the TRPV1 antagonist SB366791, suggesting an essential role for TRPA1. These pharmacological experiments were confirmed using genetic knockouts where TRPA1 KO mice lacked CBD responses, whereas TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited CBD-induced activation. We also characterized CBD-provoked inward currents at resting potentials in vagal afferents expressing TRPA1 that were absent in TRPA1 KO mice, but persisted in TRPV1 KO mice. CBD also inhibited voltage-activated sodium conductances in A-fiber, but not in C-fiber afferents. To simulate adaptation, resulting from chronic cannabis use, we administered cannabis extract vapor daily for 3 wk. Cannabis exposure reduced the magnitude of CBD responses, likely due to a loss of TRPA1 signaling. Together, these findings detail a novel excitatory action of CBD at vagal afferent neurons, which requires TRPA1 and may contribute to the vagal mimetic effects of CBD and adaptation following chronic cannabis use.NEW & NOTEWORTHY CBD usage has increased with its legalization. The clinical efficacy of CBD has been demonstrated for conditions including some forms of epilepsy, depression, and anxiety that are also treatable by vagus nerve stimulation. We found CBD exhibited direct excitatory effects on vagal afferent neurons that required TRPA1, were augmented by TRPV1, and attenuated following chronic cannabis vapor exposure. These effects may contribute to vagal mimetic effects of CBD and adaptation after chronic cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Kowalski
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Forrest J Ragozzino
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jonathan E M Lindberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - BreeAnne Peterson
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Janelle M Lugo
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Ryan J McLaughlin
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - James H Peters
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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23
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Myers DE. The receptive field for visceral pain referred orofacially by the vagus nerves. Clin Anat 2020; 34:24-29. [PMID: 32279338 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nociceptive receptive field of the vagus nerves in animals includes virtually the entire thoracic, abdominal and laryngopharyngeal regions. However, the role of the vagus nerves in the transmission of visceral pain in humans, with the exception of pain from coronary artery diseases, is believed to be insignificant. AIM The purpose of this report is to map out the clinical visceral pain receptive field of the vagus nerves relative to its nociceptive counterpart in animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed database and PMC were searched for case reports of patients with orofacial pain believed by the author(s) of the article to be referred from underlying non-cardiac thoracic, laryngopharyngeal or abdominal diseases. Reports of diseases for which non-neural explanations for the orofacial spread of pain were suggested were excluded. RESULTS A total of 52 case reports of jaw pain and/or otalgia referred from laryngopharyngeal and noncardiac thoracic sources were discovered. In addition, a multicenter prospective study found that 25.8% of more than 3,000 patients with thoracic aortic dissection experienced pain in the head and neck region. In stark contrast, no case reports of orofacially referred pain from abdominal diseases were found. DISCUSSION The results indicate that the laryngopharyngeal and thoracic portions of the vagal receptive field are capable of referring pain orofacially while the abdominal portion is not. The roles of the somatotopic organization of the trigeminal sub nucleus caudalis and neuromodulation in this referral of pain were discussed. CONCLUSION Referred orofacial pain can lead to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcome in visceral diseases.
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Undem BJ, Sun H. Molecular/Ionic Basis of Vagal Bronchopulmonary C-Fiber Activation by Inflammatory Mediators. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:57-68. [PMID: 31799905 PMCID: PMC6985783 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of bronchopulmonary vagal afferent C fibers by inflammatory mediators can lead to coughing, chest tightness, and changes in breathing pattern, as well as reflex bronchoconstriction and secretions. These responses serve a defensive function in healthy lungs but likely contribute to many of the signs and symptoms of inflammatory airway diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the activation of bronchopulmonary C-fiber terminals may lead to novel therapeutics that would work in an additive or synergic manner with existing anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Sun
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Besecker EM, Blanke EN, Deiter GM, Holmes GM. Gastric vagal afferent neuropathy following experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113092. [PMID: 31697943 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function accompanies high-thoracic spinal cord injury (T3-SCI). The vagus nerve contains mechano- and chemosensory fibers as well as the motor fibers necessary for the central nervous system (CNS) control of GI reflexes. Cell bodies for the vagal afferent fibers are located within the nodose gangla (NG) and the majority of vagal afferent axons are unmyelinated C fibers that are sensitive to capsaicin through activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channels. Vagal afferent fibers also express receptors for GI hormones, including cholecystokinin (CCK). Previously, T3-SCI provokes a transient GI inflammatory response as well as a reduction of both gastric emptying and centrally-mediated vagal responses to GI peptides, including CCK. TRPV1 channels and CCK-A receptors (CCKar) expressed in vagal afferents are upregulated in models of visceral inflammation. The present study investigated whether T3-SCI attenuates peripheral vagal afferent sensitivity through plasticity of TRPV1 and CCK receptors. Vagal afferent response to graded mechanical stimulation of the stomach was significantly attenuated by T3-SCI at 3-day and 3-week recovery. Immunocytochemical labeling for CCKar and TRPV1 demonstrated expression on dissociated gastric-projecting NG neurons. Quantitative assessment of mRNA expression by qRT-PCR revealed significant elevation of CCKar and TRPV1 in the whole NG following T3-SCI in 3-day recovery, but levels returned to normal after 3-weeks. Three days after injury, systemic administration of CCK-8 s showed a significantly diminished gastric vagal afferent response in T3-SCI rats compared to control rats while systemic capsaicin infusion revealed a significant elevation of vagal response in T3-SCI vs control rats. These findings demonstrate that T3-SCI provokes peripheral remodeling and prolonged alterations in the response of vagal afferent fibers to the physiological signals associated with digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Besecker
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America; Department of Health Sciences, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States of America
| | - Emily N Blanke
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Gina M Deiter
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States of America.
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Kollarik M, Sun H, Herbstsomer RA, Ru F, Kocmalova M, Meeker SN, Undem BJ. Different role of TTX-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (Na V 1) subtypes in action potential initiation and conduction in vagal airway nociceptors. J Physiol 2019; 596:1419-1432. [PMID: 29435993 DOI: 10.1113/jp275698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The action potential initiation in the nerve terminals and its subsequent conduction along the axons of afferent nerves are not necessarily dependent on the same voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV 1) subunits. The action potential initiation in jugular C-fibres within airway tissues is not blocked by TTX; nonetheless, conduction of action potentials along the vagal axons of these nerves is often dependent on TTX-sensitive channels. This is not the case for nodose airway Aδ-fibres and C-fibres, where both action potential initiation and conduction is abolished by TTX or selective NaV 1.7 blockers. The difference between the initiation of action potentials within the airways vs. conduction along the axons should be considered when developing NaV 1 blocking drugs for topical application to the respiratory tract. ABSTRACT The action potential (AP) initiation in the nerve terminals and its subsequent AP conduction along the axons do not necessarily depend on the same subtypes of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV 1s). We evaluated the role of TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant NaV 1s in vagal afferent nociceptor nerves derived from jugular and nodose ganglia innervating the respiratory system. Single cell RT-PCR was performed on vagal afferent neurons retrogradely labelled from the guinea pig trachea. Almost all of the jugular neurons expressed the TTX-sensitive channel NaV 1.7 along with TTX-resistant NaV 1.8 and NaV 1.9. Tracheal nodose neurons also expressed NaV 1.7 but, less frequently, NaV 1.8 and NaV 1.9. NaV 1.6 were expressed in ∼40% of the jugular and 25% of nodose tracheal neurons. Other NaV 1 α subunits were only rarely expressed. Single fibre recordings were made from the vagal nodose and jugular nerve fibres innervating the trachea or lung in the isolated perfused vagally-innervated preparations that allowed for selective drug delivery to the nerve terminal compartment (AP initiation) or to the desheathed vagus nerve (AP conduction). AP initiation in jugular C-fibres was unaffected by TTX, although it was inhibited by NaV 1.8 blocker (PF-01247324) and abolished by combination of TTX and PF-01247324. However, AP conduction in the majority of jugular C-fibres was abolished by TTX. By contrast, both AP initiation and conduction in nodose nociceptors was abolished by TTX or selective NaV 1.7 blockers. Distinction between the effect of a drug with respect to inhibiting AP in the nerve terminals within the airways vs. at conduction sites along the vagus nerve is relevant to therapeutic strategies involving inhaled NaV 1 blocking drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kollarik
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - H Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R A Herbstsomer
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F Ru
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Kocmalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - S N Meeker
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B J Undem
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bennett DL, Clark AJ, Huang J, Waxman SG, Dib-Hajj SD. The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Pain Signaling. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1079-1151. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00052.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pain signaling has a key protective role and is highly evolutionarily conserved. Chronic pain, however, is maladaptive, occurring as a consequence of injury and disease, and is associated with sensitization of the somatosensory nervous system. Primary sensory neurons are involved in both of these processes, and the recent advances in understanding sensory transduction and human genetics are the focus of this review. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are important determinants of sensory neuron excitability: they are essential for the initial transduction of sensory stimuli, the electrogenesis of the action potential, and neurotransmitter release from sensory neuron terminals. Nav1.1, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 are all expressed by adult sensory neurons. The biophysical characteristics of these channels, as well as their unique expression patterns within subtypes of sensory neurons, define their functional role in pain signaling. Changes in the expression of VGSCs, as well as posttranslational modifications, contribute to the sensitization of sensory neurons in chronic pain states. Furthermore, gene variants in Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 have now been linked to human Mendelian pain disorders and more recently to common pain disorders such as small-fiber neuropathy. Chronic pain affects one in five of the general population. Given the poor efficacy of current analgesics, the selective expression of particular VGSCs in sensory neurons makes these attractive targets for drug discovery. The increasing availability of gene sequencing, combined with structural modeling and electrophysiological analysis of gene variants, also provides the opportunity to better target existing therapies in a personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alex J. Clark
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianying Huang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen G. Waxman
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and Rehabilitation Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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Drake MG. TLR7 agonist-induced bronchodilation: key mechanistic questions remain. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 311:L177. [PMID: 27407079 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00172.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Drake
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Regulation of Cough by Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Airway Sensory Nerves. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic cough is a significant clinical problem in many patients. Current cough suppressant therapies are largely ineffective and have many dangerous adverse effects. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies for chronic cough treatment may lead to development of novel effective antitussive therapies with fewer adverse effects. The experimental research in the area of airway sensory nerves suggests that there are two main vagal afferent nerve subtypes that can directly activate cough – extrapulmonary airway C-fibres and Aδ-fibres (described as cough receptors) innervating the trachea. There are different receptors on the vagal nerve terminals that can trigger coughing, such as TRP channels and P2X2/3 receptors. However, in many patients with chronic respiratory diseases multiple activation of these receptors could be involved and it is also difficult to target these receptors. For that reason, a strategy that would inhibit cough-triggering nerve afferents regardless of activated receptors would be of great benefit. In recent years huge progress in understanding of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) leads to a hypothesis that selective targeting of NaVs in airways may represent an effective treatment of pathological cough. The NaVs (NaV1.1 – NaV1.9) are essential for initiation and conduction of action potentials in these nerve fibres. Effective blocking of NaVs will prevent communication between airways and central nervous system and that would inhibit provoked cough irrespective to stimuli. This review provides an overview of airway afferent nerve subtypes that have been described in respiratory tract of human and in animal models. Moreover, the review highlights the current knowledge about cough, the sensory nerves involved in cough, and the voltage-gated sodium channels as a novel neural target in regulation of cough.
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Lidocaine, a Non–selective Inhibitor of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels, Blocks Chemically-Induced Cough in Awake Naïve Guinea Pigs. ADVANCES IN PULMONARY MEDICINE: RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS 2019; 1160:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Jurcakova D, Ru F, Kollarik M, Sun H, Krajewski J, Undem BJ. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Regulating Action Potential Generation in Itch-, Nociceptive-, and Low-Threshold Mechanosensitive Cutaneous C-Fibers. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1047-1056. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Fernández-Fernández D, Cadaveira-Mosquera A, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Herrera-Pérez S, Veale EL, Reboreda A, Mathie A, Lamas JA. Activation of TREK currents by riluzole in three subgroups of cultured mouse nodose ganglion neurons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199282. [PMID: 29928032 PMCID: PMC6013220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P) constitute major candidates for the regulation of background potassium currents in mammalian cells. Channels of the TREK subfamily are also well positioned to play an important role in sensory transduction due to their sensitivity to a large number of physiological and physical stimuli (pH, mechanical, temperature). Following our previous report describing the molecular expression of different K2P channels in the vagal sensory system, here we confirm that TREK channels are functionally expressed in neurons from the mouse nodose ganglion (mNG). Neurons were subdivided into three groups (A, Ah and C) based on their response to tetrodotoxin and capsaicin. Application of the TREK subfamily activator riluzole to isolated mNG neurons evoked a concentration-dependent outward current in the majority of cells from all the three subtypes studied. Riluzole increased membrane conductance and hyperpolarized the membrane potential by approximately 10 mV when applied to resting neurons. The resting potential was similar in all three groups, but C cells were clearly less excitable and showed smaller hyperpolarization-activated currents at -100 mV and smaller sustained currents at -30 mV. Our results indicate that the TREK subfamily of K2P channels might play an important role in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential in sensory neurons of the autonomic nervous system, suggesting its participation in the modulation of vagal reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail: (DFF); (JAL)
| | - Alba Cadaveira-Mosquera
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Emma L. Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Reboreda
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - J. Antonio Lamas
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail: (DFF); (JAL)
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Han L, Limjunyawong N, Ru F, Li Z, Hall OJ, Steele H, Zhu Y, Wilson J, Mitzner W, Kollarik M, Undem BJ, Canning BJ, Dong X. Mrgprs on vagal sensory neurons contribute to bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:324-328. [PMID: 29403029 PMCID: PMC5857222 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, accompanied by lung inflammation, bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness, is a significant public health burden. Here we report that Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) are expressed in a subset of vagal sensory neurons innervating the airway and mediates cholinergic bronchoconstriction and airway hyper-responsiveness. These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Han
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Ru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olivia J Hall
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haley Steele
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marian Kollarik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bradley J Undem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brendan J Canning
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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35
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Kocmalova M, Joskova M, Franova S, Banovcin P, Sutovska M. Airway Defense Control Mediated via Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 921:71-80. [PMID: 27161110 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) takes place in the airways and the role of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 in the control of airway's defense reflexes has been confirmed. The activation of Nav channels is crucial for cough initiation and airway smooth muscle reactivity, but it is unknown whether these channels regulate ciliary beating. This study evaluated the involvement of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels in the airway defense mechanisms using their pharmacological blockers in healthy guinea pigs and in the experimental allergic asthma model. Asthma was modeled by ovalbumin sensitization over a period of 21 days. Blockade of Nav1.7 channels significantly decreased airway smooth muscle reactivity in vivo, the number of cough efforts, and the cilia beat frequency in healthy animals. In the allergic asthma model, blockade of Nav1.8 efficiently relieved symptoms of asthma, without adversely affecting cilia beat frequency. The study demonstrates that Nav1.8 channel antagonism has a potential to alleviate cough and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kocmalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Respirology, BioMed Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Mala Hora St, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - M Joskova
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Respirology, BioMed Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Mala Hora St, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - S Franova
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Respirology, BioMed Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Mala Hora St, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
| | - P Banovcin
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, and Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - M Sutovska
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Respirology, BioMed Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 4C Mala Hora St, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia
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Blocking voltage-gated sodium channels as a strategy to suppress pathological cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 47:38-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mazzone SB, Undem BJ. Vagal Afferent Innervation of the Airways in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 96:975-1024. [PMID: 27279650 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal sensory neurons constitute the major afferent supply to the airways and lungs. Subsets of afferents are defined by their embryological origin, molecular profile, neurochemistry, functionality, and anatomical organization, and collectively these nerves are essential for the regulation of respiratory physiology and pulmonary defense through local responses and centrally mediated neural pathways. Mechanical and chemical activation of airway afferents depends on a myriad of ionic and receptor-mediated signaling, much of which has yet to be fully explored. Alterations in the sensitivity and neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent nerves and/or the neural pathways that they innervate occur in a wide variety of pulmonary diseases, and as such, understanding the mechanisms of vagal sensory function and dysfunction may reveal novel therapeutic targets. In this comprehensive review we discuss historical and state-of-the-art concepts in airway sensory neurobiology and explore mechanisms underlying how vagal sensory pathways become dysfunctional in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Mazzone
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bradley J Undem
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Medical School, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Nonomura K, Woo SH, Chang RB, Gillich A, Qiu Z, Francisco AG, Ranade SS, Liberles SD, Patapoutian A. Piezo2 senses airway stretch and mediates lung inflation-induced apnoea. Nature 2016; 541:176-181. [PMID: 28002412 DOI: 10.1038/nature20793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory dysfunction is a notorious cause of perinatal mortality in infants and sleep apnoea in adults, but the mechanisms of respiratory control are not clearly understood. Mechanical signals transduced by airway-innervating sensory neurons control respiration; however, the physiological significance and molecular mechanisms of these signals remain obscured. Here we show that global and sensory neuron-specific ablation of the mechanically activated ion channel Piezo2 causes respiratory distress and death in newborn mice. Optogenetic activation of Piezo2+ vagal sensory neurons causes apnoea in adult mice. Moreover, induced ablation of Piezo2 in sensory neurons of adult mice causes decreased neuronal responses to lung inflation, an impaired Hering-Breuer mechanoreflex, and increased tidal volume under normal conditions. These phenotypes are reproduced in mice lacking Piezo2 in the nodose ganglion. Our data suggest that Piezo2 is an airway stretch sensor and that Piezo2-mediated mechanotransduction within various airway-innervating sensory neurons is critical for establishing efficient respiration at birth and maintaining normal breathing in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nonomura
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Woo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Astrid Gillich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhaozhu Qiu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Allain G Francisco
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sanjeev S Ranade
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Reznikov LR, Meyerholz DK, Adam RJ, Abou Alaiwa M, Jaffer O, Michalski AS, Powers LS, Price MP, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contributes to Airway Hyperreactivity in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166089. [PMID: 27820848 PMCID: PMC5098826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons innervating the airways contribute to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a hallmark feature of asthma. Several observations suggested that acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), neuronal cation channels activated by protons, might contribute to AHR. For example, ASICs are found in vagal sensory neurons that innervate airways, and asthmatic airways can become acidic. Moreover, airway acidification activates ASIC currents and depolarizes neurons innervating airways. We found ASIC1a protein in vagal ganglia neurons, but not airway epithelium or smooth muscle. We induced AHR by sensitizing mice to ovalbumin and found that ASIC1a-/- mice failed to exhibit AHR despite a robust inflammatory response. Loss of ASIC1a also decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of substance P, a sensory neuropeptide secreted from vagal sensory neurons that contributes to AHR. These findings suggest that ASIC1a is an important mediator of AHR and raise the possibility that inhibiting ASIC channels might be beneficial in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R. Reznikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Omar Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Michalski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Margaret P. Price
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Larsson OJ, Manson ML, Starkhammar M, Fuchs B, Adner M, Kumlien Georén S, Cardell LO. The bronchodilatory capacity of imiquimod: the existence of two mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L178-9. [PMID: 27407080 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00223.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Larsson
- Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martijn L Manson
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Starkhammar
- Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Barbara Fuchs
- Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kumlien Georén
- Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of ENT Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;
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41
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Liu XP, Wooltorton JRA, Gaboyard-Niay S, Yang FC, Lysakowski A, Eatock RA. Sodium channel diversity in the vestibular ganglion: NaV1.5, NaV1.8, and tetrodotoxin-sensitive currents. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2536-55. [PMID: 26936982 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00902.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Firing patterns differ between subpopulations of vestibular primary afferent neurons. The role of sodium (NaV) channels in this diversity has not been investigated because NaV currents in rodent vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs) were reported to be homogeneous, with the voltage dependence and tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitivity of most neuronal NaV channels. RT-PCR experiments, however, indicated expression of diverse NaV channel subunits in the vestibular ganglion, motivating a closer look. Whole cell recordings from acutely dissociated postnatal VGNs confirmed that nearly all neurons expressed NaV currents that are TTX-sensitive and have activation midpoints between -30 and -40 mV. In addition, however, many VGNs expressed one of two other NaV currents. Some VGNs had a small current with properties consistent with NaV1.5 channels: low TTX sensitivity, sensitivity to divalent cation block, and a relatively negative voltage range, and some VGNs showed NaV1.5-like immunoreactivity. Other VGNs had a current with the properties of NaV1.8 channels: high TTX resistance, slow time course, and a relatively depolarized voltage range. In two NaV1.8 reporter lines, subsets of VGNs were labeled. VGNs with NaV1.8-like TTX-resistant current also differed from other VGNs in the voltage dependence of their TTX-sensitive currents and in the voltage threshold for spiking and action potential shape. Regulated expression of NaV channels in primary afferent neurons is likely to selectively affect firing properties that contribute to the encoding of vestibular stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Liu
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology Program, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sophie Gaboyard-Niay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fu-Chia Yang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Anna Lysakowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth Anne Eatock
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, and Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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42
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Zhang D, Muelleman RL, Li YL. Angiotensin II-superoxide-NFκB signaling and aortic baroreceptor dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:382. [PMID: 26528122 PMCID: PMC4607814 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) affects approximately 5.7 million people in the United States. Increasing evidence from both clinical and experimental studies indicates that the sensitivity of arterial baroreflex is blunted in the CHF state, which is a predictive risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Normally, the arterial baroreflex regulates blood pressure and heart rate through sensing mechanical alteration of arterial vascular walls by baroreceptor terminals in the aortic arch and carotid sinus. There are aortic baroreceptor neurons in the nodose ganglion (NG), which serve as the main afferent component of the arterial baroreflex. Functional changes of baroreceptor neurons are involved in the arterial baroreflex dysfunction in CHF. In the CHF state, circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) and local Ang II concentration in the NG are elevated, and AT1R mRNA and protein are overexpressed in the NG. Additionally, Ang II-superoxide-NFκB signaling pathway regulates the neuronal excitability of aortic baroreceptors through influencing the expression and activation of Nav channels in aortic baroreceptors, and subsequently causes the impairment of the arterial baroreflex in CHF. These new findings provide a basis for potential pharmacological interventions for the improvement of the arterial baroreflex sensitivity in the CHF state. This review summarizes the mechanisms responsible for the arterial baroreflex dysfunction in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Robert L Muelleman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
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Powley TL, Hudson CN, McAdams JL, Baronowsky EA, Phillips RJ. Vagal Intramuscular Arrays: The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the Rat. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:713-37. [PMID: 26355387 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental roles that the stomach plays in ingestion and digestion notwithstanding, little morphological information is available on vagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the afferents that innervate gastric smooth muscle. To characterize IMAs better, rats were given injections of dextran biotin in the nodose ganglia, and, after tracer transport, stomach whole mounts were collected. Specimens were processed for avidin-biotin permanent labeling, and subsets of the whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for c-Kit or stained with cuprolinic blue. IMAs (n = 184) were digitized for morphometry and mapping. Throughout the gastric muscle wall, IMAs possessed common phenotypic features. Each IMA was generated by a parent neurite arborizing extensively, forming an array of multiple (mean = 212) branches averaging 193 µm in length. These branches paralleled, and coursed in apposition with, bundles of muscle fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal. Individual arrays averaged 4.3 mm in length and innervated volumes of muscle sheet, presumptive receptive fields, averaging 0.1 mm(3) . Evaluated by region and by muscle sheet, IMAs displayed architectural adaptations to the different loci. A subset (32%) of circular muscle IMAs issued specialized polymorphic collaterals to myenteric ganglia, and a subset (41%) of antral longitudinal muscle IMAs formed specialized net endings associated with the serosal boundary. IMAs were concentrated in regional patterns that correlated with the unique biomechanical adaptations of the stomach, specifically proximal stomach reservoir functions and antral emptying operations. Overall, the structural adaptations and distributions of the IMAs were consonant with the hypothesized stretch receptor roles of the afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Powley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-2081
| | - Cherie N Hudson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-2081
| | - Jennifer L McAdams
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-2081
| | - Elizabeth A Baronowsky
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-2081
| | - Robert J Phillips
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907-2081
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Benzonatate inhibition of voltage-gated sodium currents. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:179-87. [PMID: 26386152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benzonatate was FDA-approved in 1958 as an antitussive. Its mechanism of action is thought to be anesthesia of vagal sensory nerve fibers that mediate cough. Vagal sensory neurons highly express the Nav1.7 subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels, and inhibition of this channel inhibits the cough reflex. Local anesthetics inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels, but there are no reports of whether benzonatate affects these channels. Our hypothesis is that benzonatate inhibits Nav1.7 voltage-gated sodium channels. We used whole cell voltage clamp recording to test the effects of benzonatate on voltage-gated sodium (Na(+)) currents in two murine cell lines, catecholamine A differentiated (CAD) cells, which express primarily Nav1.7, and N1E-115, which express primarily Nav1.3. We found that, like local anesthetics, benzonatate strongly and reversibly inhibits voltage-gated Na(+) channels. Benzonatate causes both tonic and phasic inhibition. It has greater effects on channel inactivation than on activation, and its potency is much greater at depolarized potentials, indicating inactivated-state-specific effects. Na(+) currents in CAD cells and N1E-115 cells are similarly affected, indicating that benzonatate is not Na(+) channel subtype-specific. Benzonatate is a mixture of polyethoxy esters of 4-(butylamino) benzoic acid having varying degrees of hydrophobicity. We found that Na(+) currents are inhibited most potently by a benzonatate fraction containing the 9-ethoxy component. Detectable effects of benzonatate occur at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM, which has been reported in humans. We conclude that benzonatate has local anesthetic-like effects on voltage-gated sodium channels, including Nav1.7, which is a possible mechanism for cough suppression by the drug.
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Chung KF, Canning B, McGarvey L. Eight International London Cough Symposium 2014: Cough hypersensitivity syndrome as the basis for chronic cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 35:76-80. [PMID: 26341666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
At the Eighth International London Cough Conference held in London in July 2014, the focus was on the relatively novel concept of cough hypersensitivity syndrome (CHS) as forming the basis of chronic cough. This concept has been formulated following understanding of the neuronal pathways for cough and a realisation that not all chronic cough is usually associated with a cause. The CHS is defined by troublesome coughing triggered by low level of thermal, mechanical or chemical exposure. It also encompasses other symptoms or sensations such as laryngeal hypersensitivity, nasal hypersensitivity and possibly also symptoms related to gastrooesopahgeal reflux. The pathophysiologic basis of the CHS is now being increasingly linked to an enhancement of the afferent pathways of the cough reflex both at the peripheral and central levels. Mechanisms involved include the interactions of inflammatory mechanisms with cough sensors in the upper airways and with neuronal pathways of cough, associated with a central component. Tools for assessing CHS in the clinic need to be developed. New drugs may be developed to control CHS. A roadmap is suggested from the inception of the CHS concept towards the development of newer antitussives at the Symposium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK; Royal Brompton NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, London, UK.
| | - Brendan Canning
- The Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lorcan McGarvey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, UK
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Silencing Nociceptor Neurons Reduces Allergic Airway Inflammation. Neuron 2015; 87:341-54. [PMID: 26119026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung nociceptors initiate cough and bronchoconstriction. To elucidate if these fibers also contribute to allergic airway inflammation, we stimulated lung nociceptors with capsaicin and observed increased neuropeptide release and immune cell infiltration. In contrast, ablating Nav1.8(+) sensory neurons or silencing them with QX-314, a charged sodium channel inhibitor that enters via large-pore ion channels to specifically block nociceptors, substantially reduced ovalbumin- or house-dust-mite-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We also discovered that IL-5, a cytokine produced by activated immune cells, acts directly on nociceptors to induce the release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIP then stimulates CD4(+) and resident innate lymphoid type 2 cells, creating an inflammatory signaling loop that promotes allergic inflammation. Our results indicate that nociceptors amplify pathological adaptive immune responses and that silencing these neurons with QX-314 interrupts this neuro-immune interplay, revealing a potential new therapeutic strategy for asthma.
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Kwong K, Carr MJ. Voltage-gated sodium channels. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:131-9. [PMID: 26043074 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels play a key role in the transmission of sensory information about the status of organs in the periphery. Sensory fibers contain a heterogeneous yet specific distribution of voltage-gated sodium channel isoforms. Major efforts by industry and academic groups are underway to develop medicines that interrupt inappropriate signaling for a number of clinical indications by taking advantage of this specific distribution of channel isoforms. This review highlights recent advances in the study of human channelopathies, animal toxins and channel structure that may facilitate the development of selective voltage-gated sodium channel blockers.
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Montersino A, Brachet A, Ferracci G, Fache MP, Angles d'Ortoli S, Liu W, Rueda-Boroni F, Castets F, Dargent B. Tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel Nav
1.8 constitutively interacts with ankyrin G. J Neurochem 2014; 131:33-41. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Brachet
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M-UMR7286; Marseille France
| | - Géraldine Ferracci
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M-UMR7286; Marseille France
- PFRN-Plate Forme de Recherche en Neurosciences; Marseille France
| | | | | | - Wenjing Liu
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M-UMR7286; Marseille France
| | | | - Francis Castets
- Aix Marseille Université; CNRS; CRN2M-UMR7286; Marseille France
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49
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McGarvey L. Update: the search for the human cough receptor. Lung 2014; 192:459-65. [PMID: 24770379 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the best efforts of basic and applied science, the identity of the human "cough receptor" remains elusive. The attraction of identifying a single "catch all" cough receptor is obvious, although such an objective is unlikely to be realised given the concept of "cough hypersensitivity," which is now considered the most clinically relevant description of what underlies problem coughing. One means of progressing this area is to join the thinking and experimental effort of basic science and clinical research in an effective manner. Some of the best examples of cooperative and translational research over the years together with an update on the most recent work will be discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan McGarvey
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queens University Belfast, Health Sciences Building, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland,
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50
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Dicpinigaitis PV, Morice AH, Birring SS, McGarvey L, Smith JA, Canning BJ, Page CP. Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:468-512. [PMID: 24671376 PMCID: PMC11060423 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cough remains a serious unmet clinical problem, both as a symptom of a range of other conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, and as a problem in its own right in patients with chronic cough of unknown origin. This article reviews our current understanding of the pathogenesis of cough and the hypertussive state characterizing a number of diseases as well as reviewing the evidence for the different classes of antitussive drug currently in clinical use. For completeness, the review also discusses a number of major drug classes often clinically used to treat cough but that are not generally classified as antitussive drugs. We also reviewed a number of drug classes in various stages of development as antitussive drugs. Perhaps surprising for drugs used to treat such a common symptom, there is a paucity of well-controlled clinical studies documenting evidence for the use of many of the drug classes in use today, particularly those available over the counter. Nonetheless, there has been a considerable increase in our understanding of the cough reflex over the last decade that has led to a number of promising new targets for antitussive drugs being identified and thus giving some hope of new drugs being available in the not too distant future for the treatment of this often debilitating symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Dicpinigaitis
- King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 100 Stamford St., London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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