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Idris T, Bachmann M, Bacchetta M, Wehrle-Haller B, Chanson M, Badaoui M. Akt-driven TGF-β and DKK1 Secretion Impairs F508del Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelium Polarity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:81-94. [PMID: 38531016 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0408oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial polarity is fundamental in maintaining barrier integrity and tissue protection. In cystic fibrosis (CF), apicobasal polarity of the airway epithelium is altered, resulting in increased apical fibronectin deposition and enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infections. Here, we evaluated the effect of highly effective modulator treatment (HEMT) on fibronectin apical deposition and investigated the intracellular mechanisms triggering the defect in polarity of the CF airway epithelium. To this end, primary cultures of CF (F508del variant) human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) and a HAEC line, Calu-3, knocked down for CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) were compared with control counterparts. We show that CFTR mutation in primary HAECs and CFTR knockdown cells promote the overexpression and oversecretion of TGF-β1 and DKK1 when cultured at an air-liquid interface. These dynamic changes result in hyperactivation of the TGF-β pathway and inhibition of the Wnt pathway through degradation of β-catenin leading to imbalanced proliferation and polarization. The abnormal interplay between TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways is reinforced by aberrant Akt signaling. Pharmacological manipulation of TGF-β, Wnt, and Akt pathways restored polarization of the F508del CF epithelium, a correction that was not achieved by HEMT. Our data shed new insights into the signaling pathways that fine-tune apicobasal polarization in primary airway epithelial cells and may provide an explanation to the mitigated efficacy of HEMT on lung infection in people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Idris
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism
| | | | | | | | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, and
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Vilà-González M, Pinte L, Fradique R, Causa E, Kool H, Rodrat M, Morell CM, Al-Thani M, Porter L, Guo W, Maeshima R, Hart SL, McCaughan F, Granata A, Sheppard DN, Floto RA, Rawlins EL, Cicuta P, Vallier L. In vitro platform to model the function of ionocytes in the human airway epithelium. Respir Res 2024; 25:180. [PMID: 38664797 PMCID: PMC11045446 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary ionocytes have been identified in the airway epithelium as a small population of ion transporting cells expressing high levels of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), the gene mutated in cystic fibrosis. By providing an infinite source of airway epithelial cells (AECs), the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) could overcome some challenges of studying ionocytes. However, the production of AEC epithelia containing ionocytes from hiPSCs has proven difficult. Here, we present a platform to produce hiPSC-derived AECs (hiPSC-AECs) including ionocytes and investigate their role in the airway epithelium. METHODS hiPSCs were differentiated into lung progenitors, which were expanded as 3D organoids and matured by air-liquid interface culture as polarised hiPSC-AEC epithelia. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a hiPSCs knockout (KO) for FOXI1, a transcription factor that is essential for ionocyte specification. Differences between FOXI1 KO hiPSC-AECs and their wild-type (WT) isogenic controls were investigated by assessing gene and protein expression, epithelial composition, cilia coverage and motility, pH and transepithelial barrier properties. RESULTS Mature hiPSC-AEC epithelia contained basal cells, secretory cells, ciliated cells with motile cilia, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and ionocytes. There was no difference between FOXI1 WT and KO hiPSCs in terms of their capacity to differentiate into airway progenitors. However, FOXI1 KO led to mature hiPSC-AEC epithelia without ionocytes with reduced capacity to produce ciliated cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ionocytes could have role beyond transepithelial ion transport by regulating epithelial properties and homeostasis in the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vilà-González
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Group, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Palma, 07122, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, 07120, Spain.
| | - Laetitia Pinte
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ricardo Fradique
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Erika Causa
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Heleen Kool
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Mayuree Rodrat
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Center of Research and Development for Biomedical Instrumentation, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Carola Maria Morell
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Maha Al-Thani
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Linsey Porter
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Ruhina Maeshima
- Genetics and Genome Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Genetics and Genome Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Frank McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart & Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge, CB2 0BB, UK
| | - David N Sheppard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - R Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, DE, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Simonin JL, Tomba C, Mercier V, Bacchetta M, Idris T, Badaoui M, Roux A, Chanson M. Apical dehydration impairs the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium barrier via a β1-integrin/YAP1 pathway. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302449. [PMID: 38336456 PMCID: PMC10858171 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective hydration of airway surface mucosa is associated with lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), partly caused by disruption of the epithelial barrier integrity. Although rehydration of the CF airway surface liquid (ASL) alleviates epithelium vulnerability to infection by junctional protein expression, the mechanisms linking ASL to barrier integrity are unknown. We show here the strong degradation of YAP1 and TAZ proteins in well-polarized CF human airway epithelial cells (HAECs), a process that was prevented by ASL rehydration. Conditional silencing of YAP1 in rehydrated CF HAECs indicated that YAP1 expression was necessary for the maintenance of junctional complexes. A higher plasma membrane tension in CF HAECs reduced endocytosis, concurrent with the maintenance of active β1-integrin ectopically located at the apical membrane. Pharmacological inhibition of β1-integrin accumulation restored YAP1 expression in CF HAECs. These results indicate that dehydration of the CF ASL affects epithelial plasma membrane tension, resulting in ectopic activation of a β1-integrin/YAP1 signaling pathway associated with degradation of junctional proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette L Simonin
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Tomba
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bacchetta
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tahir Idris
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Badaoui
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Chanson
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04 Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Cholon DM, Greenwald MA, Higgs MG, Quinney NL, Boyles SE, Meinig SL, Minges JT, Chaubal A, Tarran R, Ribeiro CMP, Wolfgang MC, Gentzsch M. A Novel Co-Culture Model Reveals Enhanced CFTR Rescue in Primary Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cultures with Persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Cells 2023; 12:2618. [PMID: 37998353 PMCID: PMC10670530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) suffer from chronic and recurring bacterial lung infections that begin very early in life and contribute to progressive lung failure. CF is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes an ion channel important for maintaining the proper hydration of pulmonary surfaces. When CFTR function is ablated or impaired, airways develop thickened, adherent mucus that contributes to a vicious cycle of infection and inflammation. Therapeutics for pwCF, called CFTR modulators, target the CFTR defect directly, restoring airway surface hydration and mucociliary clearance. However, even with CFTR modulator therapy, bacterial infections persist. To develop a relevant model of diseased airway epithelium, we established a primary human airway epithelium culture system with persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We used this model to examine the effects of CFTR modulators on CFTR maturation, CFTR function, and bacterial persistence. We found that the presence of P. aeruginosa increased CFTR mRNA, protein, and function. We also found that CFTR modulators caused a decrease in P. aeruginosa burden. These results demonstrate the importance of including live bacteria to accurately model the CF lung, and that understanding the effects of infection on CFTR rescue by CFTR modulators is critical to evaluating and optimizing drug therapies for all pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Cholon
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Matthew A. Greenwald
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew G. Higgs
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nancy L. Quinney
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Susan E. Boyles
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Suzanne L. Meinig
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD), Thermo Fisher Scientific, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - John T. Minges
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Ashlesha Chaubal
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Division of Genetic, Department of Internal Medicine, Environmental and Inhalational Disease, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (D.M.C.); (M.A.G.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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5
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Van den Bossche S, Ostyn L, Vandendriessche V, Rigauts C, De Keersmaecker H, Nickerson CA, Crabbé A. The development and characterization of in vivo-like three-dimensional models of bronchial epithelial cell lines. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106567. [PMID: 37633341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of differentiated respiratory epithelium that allow high-throughput screening are an important tool to explore new therapeutics for chronic respiratory diseases. In the present study, we developed in vivo-like three-dimensional (3-D) models of bronchial epithelial cell lines that are commonly used to study chronic lung disease (16HBE14o-, CFBE41o- and CFBE41o- 6.2 WT-CFTR). To this end, cells were cultured on porous microcarrier beads in the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, an optimized suspension culture method that allows higher throughput experimentation than other physiologically relevant models. Cell differentiation was compared to conventional two-dimensional (2-D) monolayer cultures and to the current gold standard in the respiratory field, i.e. air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Cellular differentiation was assessed in the three model systems by evaluating the expression and localization of markers that reflect the formation of tight junctions (zonula occludens 1), cell polarity (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 at the apical side and collagen IV expression at the basal cell side), multicellular complexity (acetylated α-tubulin for ciliated cells, CC10 for club cells, keratin-5 for basal cells) and mucus production (MUC5AC) through immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results were validated using Western Blot analysis. We found that tight junctions were expressed in 2-D monolayers, ALI cultures and 3-D models for all three cell lines. All tested bronchial epithelial cell lines showed polarization in ALI and 3-D cultures, but not in 2-D monolayers. Mucus secreting goblet-like cells were present in ALI and 3-D cultures of CFBE41o- and CFBE41o- 6.2 WT-CFTR cells, but not in 16HBE14o- cells. For all cell lines, there were no ciliated cells, basal cells, or club cells found in any of the model systems. In conclusion, we developed RWV-derived 3-D models of commonly used bronchial epithelial cell lines and showed that these models are a valuable alternative to ALI cultures, as they recapitulate similar key aspects of the in vivo parental tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Van den Bossche
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Lisa Ostyn
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vandendriessche
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Rigauts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Centre of Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Cheryl A Nickerson
- School of Life Sciences, Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 727 E. Tyler Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, USA
| | - Aurélie Crabbé
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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6
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Dunne K, Reece E, McClean S, Doyle S, Rogers TR, Murphy P, Renwick J. Aspergillus fumigatus Supernatants Disrupt Bronchial Epithelial Monolayers: Potential Role for Enhanced Invasion in Cystic Fibrosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040490. [PMID: 37108944 PMCID: PMC10141846 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most commonly isolated fungus in chronic lung diseases, with a prevalence of up to 60% in cystic fibrosis patients. Despite this, the impact of A. fumigatus colonisation on lung epithelia has not been thoroughly explored. We investigated the influence of A. fumigatus supernatants and the secondary metabolite, gliotoxin, on human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE) and CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cells. CFBE (F508del CFBE41o-) and HBE (16HBE14o-) trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured following exposure to A. fumigatus reference and clinical isolates, a gliotoxin-deficient mutant (ΔgliG) and pure gliotoxin. The impact on tight junction (TJ) proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) were determined by western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. A. fumigatus conidia and supernatants caused significant disruption to CFBE and HBE TJs within 24 h. Supernatants from later cultures (72 h) caused the greatest disruption while ΔgliG mutant supernatants caused no disruption to TJ integrity. The ZO-1 and JAM-A distribution in epithelial monolayers were altered by A. fumigatus supernatants but not by ΔgliG supernatants, suggesting that gliotoxin is involved in this process. The fact that ΔgliG conidia were still capable of disrupting epithelial monolayers indicates that direct cell-cell contact also plays a role, independently of gliotoxin production. Gliotoxin is capable of disrupting TJ integrity which has the potential to contribute to airway damage, and enhance microbial invasion and sensitisation in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Dunne
- Discipline of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Reece
- Discipline of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, W23 F2K8 Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thomas R Rogers
- Discipline of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Murphy
- Discipline of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie Renwick
- Discipline of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Restoring airway epithelial homeostasis in Cystic Fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22 Suppl 1:S27-S31. [PMID: 36216743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common life-threatening genetic disorder in Caucasians, is caused by recessive mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding a chloride ion channel. Aberrant function of CFTR involves mucus- and sweat-producing epithelia affecting multiple organs, including airways and lungs. This condition facilitates the colonization of fungi, bacteria, or viruses. Recurrent antibiotic administration is commonly used to treat pathogen infections leading to the insurgence of resistant bacteria and to a chronic inflammatory state that jeopardizes airway epithelium repair. The phenotype of patients carrying CFTR mutations does not always present a strict correlation with their genotype, suggesting that the disease may occur because of multiple additive effects. Among them, the frequent microbiota dysbiosis observed in patients affected by CF, might be one cause of the discrepancy observed in their genotype-phenotype correlation. Interestingly, the abnormal polarity of the CF airway epithelium has been observed also under non-infectious and non-inflammatory conditions, suggesting that CFTR dysfunction "per se" perturbs epithelial homeostasis. New pathogen- or host-directed strategies are thus needed to counteract bacterial infections and restore epithelial homeostasis in individuals with CF. In this review, we summarized alternative cutting-edge approaches to high-efficiency modulator therapy that might be promising for these patients.
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8
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Simonin JL, Luscher A, Losa D, Badaoui M, van Delden C, Köhler T, Chanson M. Surface Hydration Protects Cystic Fibrosis Airways from Infection by Restoring Junctional Networks. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091587. [PMID: 35563895 PMCID: PMC9105190 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective hydration of airway surface mucosa is associated with recurrent lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations. Whether the composition and/or presence of an airway surface liquid (ASL) is sufficient to prevent infection remains unclear. The susceptibility to infection of polarized wild type and CFTR knockdown (CFTR-KD) airway epithelial cells was determined in the presence or absence of a healthy ASL or physiological saline. CFTR-KD epithelia exhibited strong ASL volume reduction, enhanced susceptibility to infection, and reduced junctional integrity. Interestingly, the presence of an apical physiological saline alleviated disruption of the airway epithelial barrier by stimulating essential junctional protein expression. Thus, rehydrated CFTR-KD cells were protected from infection despite normally intense bacterial growth. This study indicates that an epithelial integrity gatekeeper is modulated by the presence of an apical liquid volume, irrespective of the liquid's composition and of expression of a functional CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette L. Simonin
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Alexandre Luscher
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Davide Losa
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Mehdi Badaoui
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medicine Specialties, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.L.); (C.v.D.); (T.K.)
| | - Marc Chanson
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (J.L.S.); (D.L.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +41-22-37-95-206
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9
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Quaresma MC, Botelho HM, Pankonien I, Rodrigues CS, Pinto MC, Costa PR, Duarte A, Amaral MD. Exploring YAP1-centered networks linking dysfunctional CFTR to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101326. [PMID: 35500936 PMCID: PMC9060002 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systems biology approach identifies potentially dysregulated EMT signaling in CF (including the Hippo, Wnt, TGF-β, p53, and MYC pathways), integrated by YAP1 and TEAD4. Mutations in the CFTR anion channel cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and have also been related to higher cancer incidence. Previously we proposed that this is linked to an emerging role of functional CFTR in protecting against epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the pathways bridging dysfunctional CFTR to EMT remain elusive. Here, we applied systems biology to address this question. Our data show that YAP1 is aberrantly active in the presence of mutant CFTR, interacting with F508del, but not with wt-CFTR, and that YAP1 knockdown rescues F508del-CFTR processing and function. Subsequent analysis of YAP1 interactors and roles in cells expressing either wt- or F508del-CFTR reveal that YAP1 is an important mediator of the fibrotic/EMT processes in CF. Alongside, five main pathways emerge here as key in linking mutant CFTR to EMT, namely, (1) the Hippo pathway; (2) the Wnt pathway; (3) the TGFβ pathway; (4) the p53 pathway; and (5) MYC signaling. Several potential hub proteins which mediate the crosstalk among these pathways were also identified, appearing as potential therapeutic targets for both CF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena C Pinto
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pau R Costa
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aires Duarte
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pankonien I, Quaresma MC, Rodrigues CS, Amaral MD. CFTR, Cell Junctions and the Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052688. [PMID: 35269829 PMCID: PMC8910340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Reduced CFTR protein results in decreased Cl− secretion and excessive sodium reabsorption in epithelial cells, which consequently leads to epithelial dehydration and the accumulation of thick mucus within the affected organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, reproductive system and sweat glands. However, CFTR has been implicated in other functions besides transporting ions across epithelia. The rising number of references concerning its association to actin cytoskeleton organization, epithelial cell junctions and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins suggests a role in the formation and maintenance of epithelial apical basolateral polarity. This review will focus on recent literature (the last 10 years) substantiating the role of CFTR in cell junction formation and actin cytoskeleton organization with its connection to the ECM.
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11
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Synergy in Cystic Fibrosis Therapies: Targeting SLC26A9. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313064. [PMID: 34884866 PMCID: PMC8658147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9, a constitutively active Cl- transporter, has gained interest over the past years as a relevant disease modifier in several respiratory disorders including Cystic Fibrosis (CF), asthma, and non-CF bronchiectasis. SLC26A9 contributes to epithelial Cl- secretion, thus preventing mucus obstruction under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, SLC26A9 was identified as a CF gene modifier, and its polymorphisms were shown to correlate with the response to drugs modulating CFTR, the defective protein in CF. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SLC26A9 and CFTR, and its role in CF pathogenesis. Our data show that SLC26A9 expression contributes to enhanced CFTR expression and function. While knocking-down SLC26A9 in human bronchial cells leads to lower wt- and F508del-CFTR expression, function, and response to CFTR correctors, the opposite occurs upon its overexpression, highlighting SLC26A9 relevance for CF. Accordingly, F508del-CFTR rescue by the most efficient correctors available is further enhanced by increasing SLC26A9 expression. Interestingly, SLC26A9 overexpression does not increase the PM expression of non-F508del CFTR traffic mutants, namely those unresponsive to corrector drugs. Altogether, our data indicate that SLC26A9 stabilizes CFTR at the ER level and that the efficacy of CFTR modulator drugs may be further enhanced by increasing its expression.
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12
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Kricker JA, Page CP, Gardarsson FR, Baldursson O, Gudjonsson T, Parnham MJ. Nonantimicrobial Actions of Macrolides: Overview and Perspectives for Future Development. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:233-262. [PMID: 34716226 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrolides are among the most widely prescribed broad spectrum antibacterials, particularly for respiratory infections. It is now recognized that these drugs, in particular azithromycin, also exert time-dependent immunomodulatory actions that contribute to their therapeutic benefit in both infectious and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Their increased chronic use in airway inflammation and, more recently, of azithromycin in COVID-19, however, has led to a rise in bacterial resistance. An additional crucial aspect of chronic airway inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as other inflammatory disorders, is the loss of epithelial barrier protection against pathogens and pollutants. In recent years, azithromycin has been shown with time to enhance the barrier properties of airway epithelial cells, an action that makes an important contribution to its therapeutic efficacy. In this article, we review the background and evidence for various immunomodulatory and time-dependent actions of macrolides on inflammatory processes and on the epithelium and highlight novel nonantibacterial macrolides that are being studied for immunomodulatory and barrier-strengthening properties to circumvent the risk of bacterial resistance that occurs with macrolide antibacterials. We also briefly review the clinical effects of macrolides in respiratory and other inflammatory diseases associated with epithelial injury and propose that the beneficial epithelial effects of nonantibacterial azithromycin derivatives in chronic inflammation, even given prophylactically, are likely to gain increasing attention in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Based on its immunomodulatory properties and ability to enhance the protective role of the lung epithelium against pathogens, azithromycin has proven superior to other macrolides in treating chronic respiratory inflammation. A nonantibiotic azithromycin derivative is likely to offer prophylactic benefits against inflammation and epithelial damage of differing causes while preserving the use of macrolides as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kricker
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Clive P Page
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Fridrik Runar Gardarsson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Olafur Baldursson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
| | - Michael J Parnham
- EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., C.P.P., F.R.G., O.B., T.G., M.J.P.); Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (J.A.K., T.G.); Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (C.P.P.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (O.B.), Department of Laboratory Hematology (T.G.), Landspitali-University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (M.J.P.)
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Bratcher PE, Yadav S, Shaughnessy CA, Thornell IM, Zeitlin PL. Effect of apical chloride concentration on the measurement of responses to CFTR modulation in airway epithelia cultured from nasal brushings. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14603. [PMID: 33038073 PMCID: PMC7547589 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One method for assessing the in vitro response to CFTR-modulating compounds is by analysis of epithelial monolayers in an Ussing chamber, where the apical and basolateral surfaces are isolated and the potential difference, short-circuit current, and transepithelial resistance can be monitored. The effect of a chloride ion gradient across airway epithelia on transepithelial chloride transport and the magnitude of CFTR modulator efficacy were examined. METHODS CFTR-mediated changes in the potential difference and transepithelial currents of primary human nasal epithelial cell cultures were quantified in Ussing chambers with either symmetrical solutions or reduced chloride solutions in the apical chamber. CFTR activity in homozygous F508del CFTR epithelia was rescued by treatment with VX-661, C4/C18, 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) for 24 hr at 37°C or by incubation at 29°C for 48 hr. RESULTS Imposing a chloride gradient increased CFTR-mediated and CaCC-mediated ion transport. Treatment of F508del CFTR homozygous cells with CFTR modulating compounds increased CFTR activity, which was significantly more evident in the presence of a chloride gradient. This observation was recapitulated with temperature-mediated F508del CFTR correction. CONCLUSIONS Imposing a chloride gradient during Ussing chamber measurements resulted in increased CFTR-mediated ion transport in expanded non-CF and F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia. In F508del CFTR homozygous epithelia, the magnitude of response to CFTR modulating compounds or low temperature was greater when assayed with a chloride gradient compared to symmetrical chloride, resulting in an apparent increase in measured efficacy. Future work may direct which methodologies utilized to quantify CFTR modulator response in vitro are most appropriate for the estimation of in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston E Bratcher
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sangya Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Ian M Thornell
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Pamela L Zeitlin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Pathophysiology of Lung Disease and Wound Repair in Cystic Fibrosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:155-188. [PMID: 35366275 PMCID: PMC8830450 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive, life-threatening condition affecting many organs and tissues, the lung disease being the chief cause of morbidity and mortality. Mutations affecting the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene determine the expression of a dysfunctional protein that, in turn, triggers a pathophysiological cascade, leading to airway epithelium injury and remodeling. In vitro and in vivo studies point to a dysregulated regeneration and wound repair in CF airways, to be traced back to epithelial CFTR lack/dysfunction. Subsequent altered ion/fluid fluxes and/or signaling result in reduced cell migration and proliferation. Furthermore, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition appears to be partially triggered in CF, contributing to wound closure alteration. Finally, we pose our attention to diverse approaches to tackle this defect, discussing the therapeutic role of protease inhibitors, CFTR modulators and mesenchymal stem cells. Although the pathophysiology of wound repair in CF has been disclosed in some mechanisms, further studies are warranted to understand the cellular and molecular events in more details and to better address therapeutic interventions.
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15
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Yadav S, Shaughnessy CA, Zeitlin PL, Bratcher PE. Downregulation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity in human airway epithelia after low temperature incubation. BMJ Open Respir Res 2021; 8:8/1/e000861. [PMID: 33622672 PMCID: PMC7907861 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incubation of airway epithelia cells at low temperatures is a common in vitro experimental approach used in the field of cystic fibrosis (CF) research to thermo-stabilise F508del-CFTR and increase its functional expression. Given that the airway epithelium includes numerous ion transporters other than CFTR, we hypothesised that there was an impact of low temperature incubation on CFTR-independent ionoregulatory mechanisms in airway epithelia derived from individuals with and without CF. Methods After differentiation at the air–liquid interface, nasal epithelia were incubated at either 37°C or 29°C (low temperature) for 48 hours prior to analysis in an Ussing chamber. Results While F508del-CFTR activity was increased after low temperature incubation, activity of CFTR in non-CF epithelia was unchanged. Importantly, cultures incubated at 29°C demonstrated decreased transepithelial potential difference (TEPD) and short-circuit currents (Isc) at baseline. The predominant factor contributing to the reduced baseline TEPD and Isc in 29°C cultures was the reduced activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), evidenced by a reduced responsiveness to amiloride. This effect was observed in cells derived from both non-CF and CF donors. Discussion Significant transcriptional downregulation of ENaC subunits β and γ were observed, which may partially explain the decreased ENaC activity. We speculate that low temperature incubation may be a useful experimental paradigm to reduce ENaC activity in in vitro epithelial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangya Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Pamela L Zeitlin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Preston E Bratcher
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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16
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Liu X, Chen Y, You B, Peng Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Chen J. Molecular mechanism mediating enteric bacterial translocation after severe burn: the role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkaa042. [PMID: 33501367 PMCID: PMC7809362 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Gut ischemia and hypoxia post severe burn leads to breakdown of intestinal epithelial
barrier and enteric bacterial translocation (EBT), resulting in serious complications,
such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and multiple organ failure.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is known to be downregulated
by hypoxia and modulate junctional complexes, which are crucial structures maintaining
the intestinal barrier. This study aimed to investigate whether CFTR plays a role in
both regulating the intestinal barrier and mediating EBT post severe burn, as well as
the signaling pathways involved in these processes. Methods An in vitro Caco-2 cell model subjected to hypoxic injury and an
in vivo mouse model with a 30% total body surface area full-thickness
dermal burn were established. DF 508 mice (mice with F508del CFTR gene mutation) were
used as an in vivo model to further demonstrate the role of CFTR in maintaining normal
intestinal barrier function. QRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, TER assay and
immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression and localization of CFTR
and tight junction proteins, as well as the function of tight junctions. Results Our data indicated that, in Caco-2 cells, the hypoxia condition significantly reduced
CFTR expression; activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-κB
signaling; elevated secretion of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α,
interleukin-1β and interleukin-8); downregulated zonula occludens-1, occludin and
E-cadherin expression; decreased transepithelial electrical resistance values; and led
to a cellular mislocation of ZO-1. More importantly, knockdown of CFTR caused similar
alterations. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and downregulation of tight
junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) induced by knockdown of CFTR could be reversed by
specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase or nuclear factor-κB inhibition. In
support of the in vitro data, exuberant secretion of pro-inflammatory
mediators and EBT was observed in the intestine of severely burnt mice in
vivo. EBT occurred in DF508 mice (mice with the F508del CFTR gene mutation),
accompanied by augmented tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-8
levels in the ileum compared to wildtype mice. In addition, vitamin D3 was shown to
protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from hypoxic injury. Conclusions Collectively, the present study illustrated that CFTR and downstream signaling were
critical in modulating the intestinal epithelial junction and EBT post severe burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, No. 958 Hospital of Army, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Jian Xin Dong Street, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zichen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
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17
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Cao X, Coyle JP, Xiong R, Wang Y, Heflich RH, Ren B, Gwinn WM, Hayden P, Rojanasakul L. Invited review: human air-liquid-interface organotypic airway tissue models derived from primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells-overview and perspectives. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 57:104-132. [PMID: 33175307 PMCID: PMC7657088 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung is an organ that is directly exposed to the external environment. Given the large surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne substances, such as pathogens, allergens, chemicals, and particulate matter. Highly elaborate and effective mechanisms have evolved to protect and maintain homeostasis in the lung. Despite these sophisticated defense mechanisms, the respiratory system remains highly susceptible to environmental challenges. Because of the impact of respiratory exposure on human health and disease, there has been considerable interest in developing reliable and predictive in vitro model systems for respiratory toxicology and basic research. Human air-liquid-interface (ALI) organotypic airway tissue models derived from primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells have in vivo–like structure and functions when they are fully differentiated. The presence of the air-facing surface allows conducting in vitro exposures that mimic human respiratory exposures. Exposures can be conducted using particulates, aerosols, gases, vapors generated from volatile and semi-volatile substances, and respiratory pathogens. Toxicity data have been generated using nanomaterials, cigarette smoke, e-cigarette vapors, environmental airborne chemicals, drugs given by inhalation, and respiratory viruses and bacteria. Although toxicity evaluations using human airway ALI models require further standardization and validation, this approach shows promise in supplementing or replacing in vivo animal models for conducting research on respiratory toxicants and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA.
| | - Jayme P Coyle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Baiping Ren
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - William M Gwinn
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Liying Rojanasakul
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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18
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Quaresma MC, Pankonien I, Clarke LA, Sousa LS, Silva IAL, Railean V, Doušová T, Fuxe J, Amaral MD. Mutant CFTR Drives TWIST1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:920. [PMID: 33106471 PMCID: PMC7588414 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenetic disease resulting from mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding an anion channel. Recent evidence indicates that CFTR plays a role in other cellular processes, namely in development, cellular differentiation and wound healing. Accordingly, CFTR has been proposed to function as a tumour suppressor in a wide range of cancers. Along these lines, CF was recently suggested to be associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a latent developmental process, which can be re-activated in fibrosis and cancer. However, it is unknown whether EMT is indeed active in CF and if EMT is triggered by dysfunctional CFTR itself or a consequence of secondary complications of CF. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of EMT in airways native tissue, primary cells and cell lines expressing mutant CFTR through the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as EMT-associated transcription factors. Transepithelial electrical resistance, proliferation and regeneration rates, and cell resistance to TGF-β1induced EMT were also measured. CF tissues/cells expressing mutant CFTR displayed several signs of active EMT, namely: destructured epithelial proteins, defective cell junctions, increased levels of mesenchymal markers and EMT-associated transcription factors, hyper-proliferation and impaired wound healing. Importantly, we found evidence that the mutant CFTR triggered EMT was mediated by EMT-associated transcription factor TWIST1. Further, our data show that CF cells are over-sensitive to EMT but the CF EMT phenotype can be reversed by CFTR modulator drugs. Altogether, these results identify for the first time that EMT is intrinsically triggered by the absence of functional CFTR through a TWIST1 dependent mechanism and indicate that CFTR plays a direct role in EMT protection. This mechanistic link is a plausible explanation for the high incidence of fibrosis and cancer in CF, as well as for the role of CFTR as tumour suppressor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luka A Clarke
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís S Sousa
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Violeta Railean
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Stapleton EM, Kizhakke Puliyakote A, Metwali N, Jeronimo M, Thornell IM, Manges RB, Bilas M, Kamal Batcha MA, Kumaravel MS, Durairaj K, Karuppusamy K, Kathiresan G, Rahim SA, Shanmugam K, Thorne PS, Peters TM, Hoffman EA, Comellas AP. Lung function of primary cooks using LPG or biomass and the effect of particulate matter on airway epithelial barrier integrity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109888. [PMID: 32979995 PMCID: PMC7525042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cooks exposed to biomass fuel experience increased risk of respiratory disease and mortality. We sought to characterize lung function and environmental exposures of primary cooking women using two fuel-types in southeastern India, as well as to investigate the effect of particulate matter (PM) from kitchens on human airway epithelial (HAE) cells in vitro. METHODS We assessed pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function on 25 primary female cooks using wood biomass or liquified petroleum gas (LPG), and quantified exposures from 34 kitchens (PM2.5, PM < 40 μm, black carbon, endotoxin, and PM metal and bacterial content). We then challenged HAE cells with PM, assessing its cytotoxicity to small-airway cells (A549) and its effect on: transepithelial conductance and macromolecule permeability (NuLi cells), and antimicrobial activity (using airway surface liquid, ASL, from primary HAE cells). RESULTS Lung function was impaired in cooks using both fuel-types. 60% of participants in both fuel-types had respiratory restriction (post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC>90). The remaining 40% in the LPG group had normal spirometry (post FEV1/FVC = 80-90), while only 10% of participants in the biomass group had normal spirometry, and the remaining biomass cooks (30%) had respiratory obstruction (post FEV1/FVC<80). Significant differences were found in environmental parameters, with biomass kitchens containing greater PM2.5, black carbon, zirconium, arsenic, iron, vanadium, and endotoxin concentrations. LPG kitchens tended to have more bacteria (p = 0.14), and LPG kitchen PM had greater sulphur concentrations (p = 0.02). In vitro, PM induced cytotoxicity in HAE A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, however the effect was minimal and there were no differences between fuel-types. PM from homes of participants with a restrictive physiology increased electrical conductance of NuLi HAE cells (p = 0.06) and decreased macromolar permeability (p ≤ 0.05), while PM from homes of those with respiratory obstruction tended to increase electrical conductance (p = 0.20) and permeability (p = 0.07). PM from homes of participants with normal spirometry did not affect conductance or permeability. PM from all homes tended to inhibit antimicrobial activity of primary HAE cell airway surface liquid (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Biomass cooks had airway obstruction, and significantly greater concentrations of kitchen environmental contaminants than LPG kitchens. PM from homes of participants with respiratory restriction and obstruction altered airway cell barrier function, elucidating mechanisms potentially responsible for respiratory phenotypes observed in biomass cooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | | | - Nervana Metwali
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Matthew Jeronimo
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T1Z3, Canada.
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Robert B Manges
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Monalisa Bilas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | | | | | - Kumar Durairaj
- Centre for Research and Development, Ponnaiah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kesavan Karuppusamy
- Department of Physics, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Geetha Kathiresan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sirajunnisa Abdul Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kumaran Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Thomas M Peters
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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20
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Thornell IM, Rehman T, Pezzulo AA, Welsh MJ. Paracellular bicarbonate flux across human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia tempers changes in airway surface liquid pH. J Physiol 2020; 598:4307-4320. [PMID: 32627187 PMCID: PMC7589346 DOI: 10.1113/jp280120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Cl- and HCO3- had similar paracellular permeabilities in human airway epithelia. PCl /PNa of airway epithelia was unaltered by pH 7.4 vs. pH 6.0 solutions. Under basal conditions, calculated paracellular HCO3- flux was secretory. Cytokines that increased airway surface liquid pH decreased or reversed paracellular HCO3- flux. HCO3- flux through the paracellular pathway may counterbalance effects of cellular H+ and HCO3- secretion. ABSTRACT Airway epithelia control the pH of airway surface liquid (ASL), thereby optimizing respiratory defences. Active H+ and HCO3- secretion by airway epithelial cells produce an ASL that is acidic compared with the interstitial space. The paracellular pathway could provide a route for passive HCO3- flux that also modifies ASL pH. However, there is limited information about paracellular HCO3- flux, and it remains uncertain whether an acidic pH produced by loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion channels or proinflammatory cytokines might alter the paracellular pathway function. To investigate paracellular HCO3- transport, we studied differentiated primary cultures of human cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF airway epithelia. The paracellular pathway was pH-insensitive at pH 6.0 vs. pH 7.4 and was equally permeable to Cl- and HCO3- . Under basal conditions at pH ∼6.6, calculated paracellular HCO3- flux was weakly secretory. Treating epithelia with IL-17 plus TNFα alkalinized ASL pH to ∼7.0, increased paracellular HCO3- permeability, and paracellular HCO3- flux was negligible. Applying IL-13 increased ASL pH to ∼7.4 without altering paracellular HCO3- permeability, and calculated paracellular HCO3- flux was absorptive. These results suggest that HCO3- flux through the paracellular pathway counterbalances, in part, changes in the ASL pH produced via cellular mechanisms. As the pH of ASL increases towards that of basolateral liquid, paracellular HCO3- flux becomes absorptive, tempering the alkaline pH generated by transcellular HCO3- secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Thornell
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Tayyab Rehman
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Alejandro A. Pezzulo
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal MedicinePappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsPappajohn Biomedical InstituteRoy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
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21
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Impact of KLF4 on Cell Proliferation and Epithelial Differentiation in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186717. [PMID: 32937756 PMCID: PMC7555189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) cells display a more cancer-like phenotype vs. non-CF cells. KLF4 overexpression has been described in CF and this transcriptional factor acts as a negative regulator of wt-CFTR. KLF4 is described as exerting its effects in a cell-context-dependent fashion, but it is generally considered a major regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and wound healing, all the processes that are also altered in CF. Therefore, it is relevant to characterize the differential role of KLF4 in these processes in CF vs. non-CF cells. To this end, we used wt- and F508del-CFTR CFBE cells and their respective KLF4 knockout (KO) counterparts to evaluate processes like cell proliferation, polarization, and wound healing, as well as to compare the expression of several epithelial differentiation markers. Our data indicate no major impact of KLF4 KO in proliferation and a differential impact of KLF4 KO in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) acquisition and wound healing in wt- vs. F508del-CFTR cells. In parallel, we also observed a differential impact on the levels of some differentiation markers and epithelial-mesencymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factors. In conclusion, KLF4 impacts TEER acquisition, wound healing, and the expression of differentiation markers in a way that is partially dependent on the CFTR-status of the cell.
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22
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Lu C, Ma Z, Cheng X, Wu H, Tuo B, Liu X, Li T. Pathological role of ion channels and transporters in the development and progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:377. [PMID: 32782435 PMCID: PMC7409684 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women. Among breast cancer types, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tends to affect younger women, is prone to axillary lymph node, lung, and bone metastases; and has a high recurrence rate. Due to a lack of classic biomarkers, the currently available treatments are surgery and chemotherapy; no targeted standard treatment options are available. Therefore, it is urgent to find a novel and effective therapeutic target. As alteration of ion channels and transporters in normal mammary cells may affect cell growth, resulting in the development and progression of TNBC, ion channels and transporters may be promising new therapeutic targets for TNBC. This review summarizes ion channels and transporters related to TNBC and may provide new tumor biomarkers and help in the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
| | - Huichao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
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23
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What Role Does CFTR Play in Development, Differentiation, Regeneration and Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093133. [PMID: 32365523 PMCID: PMC7246864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features associated with the substantial increase in life expectancy for individuals with CF is an elevated predisposition to cancer, firmly established by recent studies involving large cohorts. With the recent advances in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and the increased long-term survival rate of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), this is a novel challenge emerging at the forefront of this disease. However, the mechanisms linking dysfunctional CFTR to carcinogenesis have yet to be unravelled. Clues to this challenging open question emerge from key findings in an increasing number of studies showing that CFTR plays a role in fundamental cellular processes such as foetal development, epithelial differentiation/polarization, and regeneration, as well as in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we provide state-of-the-art descriptions on the moonlight roles of CFTR in these processes, highlighting how they can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies. However, such roles are still largely unknown, so we need rapid progress in the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms to find the answers and thus tailor the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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24
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Sato Y, Thomas DY, Hanrahan JW. The anion transporter SLC26A9 localizes to tight junctions and is degraded by the proteasome when co-expressed with F508del-CFTR. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18269-18284. [PMID: 31645438 PMCID: PMC6885613 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) disrupt epithelial secretion and cause cystic fibrosis (CF). Available CFTR modulators provide only modest clinical benefits, so alternative therapeutic targets are being explored. The anion-conducting transporter solute carrier family 26 member 9 (SLC26A9) is a promising candidate, but its functional expression is drastically reduced in cells that express the most common CF-associated CFTR variant, F508del-CFTR, through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined the metabolic stability and location of SLC26A9 and its relationship to CFTR. Compared with SLC26A9 levels in BHK cells expressing SLC26A9 alone or with WT-CFTR, co-expression of SLC26A9 with F508del-CFTR reduced total and plasma membrane levels of SLC26A9. Proteasome inhibitors increased SLC26A9 immunofluorescence in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (pHBEs) homozygous for F508del-CFTR but not in non-CF pHBEs, suggesting that F508del-CFTR enhances proteasomal SLC26A9 degradation. Apical SLC26A9 expression increased when F508del-CFTR trafficking was partially corrected by low temperature or with the CFTR modulator VX-809. The immature glycoforms of SLC26A9 and CFTR co-immunoprecipitated, consistent with their interaction in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transfection with increasing amounts of WT-CFTR cDNA progressively increased SLC26A9 levels in F508del-CFTR-expressing cells, suggesting that WT-CFTR competes with F508del-CFTR for SLC26A9 binding. Immunofluorescence staining of endogenous SLC26A9 and transfection of a 3HA-tagged construct into well-differentiated cells revealed that SLC26A9 is mostly present at tight junctions. We conclude that SLC26A9 interacts with CFTR in both the ER and Golgi and that its interaction with F508del-CFTR increases proteasomal SLC26A9 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - David Y Thomas
- Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - John W Hanrahan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada; Cystic Fibrosis Translational Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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25
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Castellani S, Di Gioia S, di Toma L, Conese M. Human Cellular Models for the Investigation of Lung Inflammation and Mucus Production in Cystic Fibrosis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:3839803. [PMID: 30581723 PMCID: PMC6276497 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3839803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mucus plugging, airway remodeling, and respiratory infections are the hallmarks of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The airway epithelium is central in the innate immune responses to pathogens colonizing the airways, since it is involved in mucociliary clearance, senses the presence of pathogens, elicits an inflammatory response, orchestrates adaptive immunity, and activates mesenchymal cells. In this review, we focus on cellular models of the human CF airway epithelium that have been used for studying mucus production, inflammatory response, and airway remodeling, with particular reference to two- and three-dimensional cultures that better recapitulate the native airway epithelium. Cocultures of airway epithelial cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and fibroblasts are instrumental in disease modeling, drug discovery, and identification of novel therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, they have to be implemented in the CF field yet. Finally, novel systems hijacking on tissue engineering, including three-dimensional cocultures, decellularized lungs, microfluidic devices, and lung organoids formed in bioreactors, will lead the generation of relevant human preclinical respiratory models a step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellani
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorena di Toma
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Laboratory of Regenerative and Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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26
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Assembly and Functional Analysis of an S/MAR Based Episome with the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041220. [PMID: 29673202 PMCID: PMC5979583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficacy of gene therapy vectors is still an important goal toward the development of safe and efficient gene therapy treatments. S/MAR (scaffold/matrix attached region)-based vectors are maintained extra-chromosomally in numerous cell types, which is similar to viral-based vectors. Additionally, when established as an episome, they show a very high mitotic stability. In the present study we tested the idea that addition of an S/MAR element to a CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) expression vector, may allow the establishment of a CFTR episome in bronchial epithelial cells. Starting from the observation that the S/MAR vector pEPI-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) is maintained as an episome in human bronchial epithelial cells, we assembled the CFTR vector pBQ-S/MAR. This vector, transfected in bronchial epithelial cells with mutated CFTR, supported long term wt CFTR expression and activity, which in turn positively impacted on the assembly of tight junctions in polarized epithelial cells. Additionally, the recovery of intact pBQ-S/MAR, but not the parental vector lacking the S/MAR element, from transfected cells after extensive proliferation, strongly suggested that pBQ-S/MAR was established as an episome. These results add a new element, the S/MAR, that can be considered to improve the persistence and safety of gene therapy vectors for cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease.
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27
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Adam D, Bilodeau C, Sognigbé L, Maillé É, Ruffin M, Brochiero E. CFTR rescue with VX-809 and VX-770 favors the repair of primary airway epithelial cell cultures from patients with class II mutations in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproducts. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:705-714. [PMID: 29661510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive airway damage due to bacterial infections, especially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains the first cause of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Our previous work revealed a repair delay in CF airway epithelia compared to non-CF. This delay was partially prevented after CFTR correction (with VRT-325) in the absence of infection. Our goals were now to evaluate the effect of the Orkambi combination (CFTR VX-809 corrector + VX-770 potentiator) on the repair of CF primary airway epithelia, in infectious conditions. METHODS Primary airway epithelial cell cultures from patients with class II mutations were mechanically injured and wound healing rates and transepithelial resistances were monitored after CFTR rescue, in the absence and presence of P. aeruginosa exoproducts. RESULTS Our data revealed that combined treatment with VX-809 and VX-770 elicited a greater beneficial impact on airway epithelial repair than VX-809 alone, in the absence of infection. The treatment with Orkambi was effective not only in airway epithelial cell cultures from patients homozygous for the F508del mutation but also from heterozygous patients carrying F508del and another class II mutation (N1303 K, I507del). The stimulatory effect of the Orkambi treatment was prevented by CFTR inhibition with GlyH101. Finally, Orkambi combination elicited a slight but significant improvement in airway epithelial repair and transepithelial resistance, despite the presence of P. aeruginosa exoproducts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Orkambi may favor airway epithelial integrity in CF patients with class II mutations. Complementary approaches would however be needed to further improve CFTR rescue and airway epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Adam
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Claudia Bilodeau
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Laura Sognigbé
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Émilie Maillé
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Gap Junctions Are Involved in the Rescue of CFTR-Dependent Chloride Efflux by Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Coculture with Cystic Fibrosis CFBE41o- Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29531530 PMCID: PMC5821953 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1203717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in coculture with CF immortalised airway epithelial cells (CFBE41o- line, CFBE) on Transwell® filters acquired an epithelial phenotype and led to the expression of a mature and functional CFTR protein. In order to explore the role of gap junction- (GJ-) mediated intercellular communication (GJIC) in this rescue, cocultures (hAMSC : CFBE, 1 : 5 ratio) were studied for the formation of GJIC, before and after silencing connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of GJs. Functional GJs in cocultures were inhibited when the expression of the Cx43 protein was downregulated. Transfection of cocultures with siRNA against Cx43 resulted in the absence of specific CFTR signal on the apical membrane and reduction in the mature form of CFTR (band C), and in parallel, the CFTR-dependent chloride channel activity was significantly decreased. Cx43 downregulation determined also a decrease in transepithelial resistance and an increase in paracellular permeability as compared with control cocultures, implying that GJIC may regulate CFTR expression and function that in turn modulate airway epithelium tightness. These results indicate that GJIC is involved in the correction of CFTR chloride channel activity upon the acquisition of an epithelial phenotype by hAMSCs in coculture with CF cells.
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29
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Stolarczyk M, Veit G, Schnúr A, Veltman M, Lukacs GL, Scholte BJ. Extracellular oxidation in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium causes enhanced EGFR/ADAM17 activity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L555-L568. [PMID: 29351448 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00458.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The EGF receptor (EGFR)/a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) signaling pathway mediates the shedding of growth factors and secretion of cytokines and is involved in chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling. Since these are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, we hypothesized that CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) deficiency enhances EGFR/ADAM17 activity in human bronchial epithelial cells. In CF bronchial epithelial CFBE41o- cells lacking functional CFTR (iCFTR-) cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) we found enhanced ADAM17-mediated shedding of the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AREG) compared with genetically identical cells with induced CFTR expression (iCFTR+). Expression of the inactive G551D-CFTR did not have this effect, suggesting that active CFTR reduces EGFR/ADAM17 activity. This was confirmed in CF compared with normal differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC-ALI). ADAM17-mediated AREG shedding was tightly regulated by the EGFR/MAPK pathway. Compared with iCFTR+ cells, iCFTR- cells displayed enhanced apical presentation and phosphorylation of EGFR, in accordance with enhanced EGFR/ADAM17 activity in CFTR-deficient cells. The nonpermeant natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) strongly inhibited AREG release in iCFTR and in primary HBEC-ALI, suggesting that ADAM17 activity is directly controlled by extracellular redox potentials in differentiated airway epithelium. Furthermore, the fluorescent redox probe glutaredoxin 1-redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein-glycosylphosphatidylinositol (Grx1-roGFP-GPI) indicated more oxidized conditions in the extracellular space of iCFTR- cells, consistent with the role of CFTR in GSH transport. Our data suggest that in CFTR-deficient airway epithelial cells a more oxidized state of the extracellular membrane, likely caused by defective GSH secretion, leads to enhanced activity of the EGFR/ADAM17 signaling axis. In CF lungs this could contribute to tissue remodeling and hyperinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Veit
- Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Andrea Schnúr
- Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Mieke Veltman
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Physiology, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada
| | - Bob J Scholte
- Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands.,Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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30
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Totani L, Plebani R, Piccoli A, Di Silvestre S, Lanuti P, Recchiuti A, Cianci E, Dell'Elba G, Sacchetti S, Patruno S, Guarnieri S, Mariggiò MA, Mari VC, Anile M, Venuta F, Del Porto P, Moretti P, Prioletta M, Mucilli F, Marchisio M, Pandolfi A, Evangelista V, Romano M. Mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3243-3253. [PMID: 28847515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) patients exhibit signs of endothelial perturbation, the functions of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) in vascular endothelial cells (EC) are poorly defined. We sought to uncover biological activities of endothelial CFTR, relevant for vascular homeostasis and inflammation. We examined cells from human umbilical cords (HUVEC) and pulmonary artery isolated from non-cystic fibrosis (PAEC) and CF human lungs (CF-PAEC), under static conditions or physiological shear. CFTR activity, clearly detected in HUVEC and PAEC, was markedly reduced in CF-PAEC. CFTR blockade increased endothelial permeability to macromolecules and reduced trans‑endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Consistent with this, CF-PAEC displayed lower TEER compared to PAEC. Under shear, CFTR blockade reduced VE-cadherin and p120 catenin membrane expression and triggered the formation of paxillin- and vinculin-enriched membrane blebs that evolved in shrinking of the cell body and disruption of cell-cell contacts. These changes were accompanied by enhanced release of microvesicles, which displayed reduced capability to stimulate proliferation in recipient EC. CFTR blockade also suppressed insulin-induced NO generation by EC, likely by inhibiting eNOS and AKT phosphorylation, whereas it enhanced IL-8 release. Remarkably, phosphodiesterase inhibitors in combination with a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist corrected functional and morphological changes triggered by CFTR dysfunction in EC. Our results uncover regulatory functions of CFTR in EC, suggesting a physiological role of CFTR in the maintenance EC homeostasis and its involvement in pathogenetic aspects of CF. Moreover, our findings open avenues for novel pharmacology to control endothelial dysfunction and its consequences in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Piccoli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Recchiuti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Silvio Sacchetti
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Patruno
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Veronica C Mari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Anile
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, S. Liberatore Hospital, Atri, TE, Italy
| | - Marco Prioletta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Felice Mucilli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Virgilio Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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31
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Londino JD, Lazrak A, Collawn JF, Bebok Z, Harrod KS, Matalon S. Influenza virus infection alters ion channel function of airway and alveolar cells: mechanisms and physiological sequelae. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L845-L858. [PMID: 28775098 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00244.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are located in the apical membranes of airway and alveolar epithelial cells. These transporters play an important role in the regulation of lung fluid balance across airway and alveolar epithelia by being the conduits for chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) secretion and sodium (Na+) ion absorption, respectively. The functional role of these channels in the respiratory tract is to maintain the optimum volume and ionic composition of the bronchial periciliary fluid (PCL) and alveolar lining fluid (ALF) layers. The PCL is required for proper mucociliary clearance of pathogens and debris, and the ALF is necessary for surfactant homeostasis and optimum gas exchange. Dysregulation of ion transport may lead to mucus accumulation, bacterial infections, inflammation, pulmonary edema, and compromised respiratory function. Influenza (or flu) in mammals is caused by influenza A and B viruses. Symptoms include dry cough, sore throat, and is often followed by secondary bacterial infections, accumulation of fluid in the alveolar spaces and acute lung injury. The underlying mechanisms of flu symptoms are not fully understood. This review summarizes our present knowledge of how influenza virus infections alter airway and alveolar epithelial cell CFTR and ENaC function in vivo and in vitro and the role of these changes in influenza pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Londino
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zsuzsanna Bebok
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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32
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Miller AJ, Spence JR. In Vitro Models to Study Human Lung Development, Disease and Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:246-260. [PMID: 28404740 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to support gas exchange, and defects in lung development or diseases affecting the structure and function of the lung can have fatal consequences. Most of what we currently understand about human lung development and disease has come from animal models. However, animal models are not always fully able to recapitulate human lung development and disease, highlighting an area where in vitro models of the human lung can compliment animal models to further understanding of critical developmental and pathological mechanisms. This review will discuss current advances in generating in vitro human lung models using primary human tissue, cell lines, and human pluripotent stem cell derived lung tissue, and will discuss crucial next steps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Miller
- PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason R Spence
- PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; .,PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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33
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Molina SA, Moriarty HK, Infield DT, Imhoff BR, Vance RJ, Kim AH, Hansen JM, Hunt WR, Koval M, McCarty NA. Insulin signaling via the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway regulates airway glucose uptake and barrier function in a CFTR-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L688-L702. [PMID: 28213469 PMCID: PMC5451595 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00364.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is the most common comorbidity associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and correlates with increased rates of lung function decline. Because glucose is a nutrient present in the airways of patients with bacterial airway infections and because insulin controls glucose metabolism, the effect of insulin on CF airway epithelia was investigated to determine the role of insulin receptors and glucose transport in regulating glucose availability in the airway. The response to insulin by human airway epithelial cells was characterized by quantitative PCR, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and glucose uptake assays. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity were analyzed by pharmacological and immunoblot assays. We found that normal human primary airway epithelial cells expressed glucose transporter 4 and that application of insulin stimulated cytochalasin B-inhibitable glucose uptake, consistent with a requirement for glucose transporter translocation. Application of insulin to normal primary human airway epithelial cells promoted airway barrier function as demonstrated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular flux of small molecules. This provides the first demonstration that airway cells express insulin-regulated glucose transporters that act in concert with tight junctions to form an airway glucose barrier. However, insulin failed to increase glucose uptake or decrease paracellular flux of small molecules in human airway epithelia expressing F508del-CFTR. Insulin stimulation of Akt1 and Akt2 signaling in CF airway cells was diminished compared with that observed in airway cells expressing wild-type CFTR. These results indicate that the airway glucose barrier is regulated by insulin and is dysfunctional in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Molina
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia;
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah K Moriarty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel T Infield
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Barry R Imhoff
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Rachel J Vance
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Agnes H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason M Hansen
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William R Hunt
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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34
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Lasalvia M, Castellani S, D'Antonio P, Perna G, Carbone A, Colia AL, Maffione AB, Capozzi V, Conese M. Human airway epithelial cells investigated by atomic force microscopy: A hint to cystic fibrosis epithelial pathology. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:46-55. [PMID: 27590528 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease stems from mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to a chronic respiratory disease. Actin cytoskeleton is disorganized in CF airway epithelial cells, likely contributing to the CF-associated basic defects, i.e. defective chloride secretion and sodium/fluid hypersorption. In this work, we aimed to find whether this alteration could be pointed out by means of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) investigation, as roughness and Young's elastic module. Moreover, we also sought to determine whether disorganization of actin cytoskeleton is linked to hypersoption of apical fluid. Not only CFBE41o- (CFBE) cells, immortalized airway epithelial cells homozygous for the F508del CFTR allele, showed a different morphology in comparison with 16HBE14o- (16HBE) epithelial cells, wild-type for CFTR, but also they displayed a lack of stress fibers, suggestive of a disorganized actin cytoskeleton. AFM measurements showed that CFBE cells presented a higher membrane roughness and decreased rigidity as compared with 16HBE cells. CFBE overexpressing wtCFTR became more elongated than the parental CFBE cell line and presented actin stress fibers. CFBE cells absorbed more fluid from the apical compartment. Study of fluid absorption with the F-actin-depolymerizing agent Latrunculin B demonstrated that actin cytoskeletal disorganization increased fluid absorption, an effect observed at higher magnitude in 16HBE than in CFBE cells. For the first time, we demonstrate that actin cytoskeleton disorganization is reflected by AFM parameters in CF airway epithelial cells. Our data also strongly suggest that the lack of stress fibers is involved in at least one of the early step in CF pathophysiology at the levels of the airways, i.e. fluid hypersorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lasalvia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Palma D'Antonio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perna
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Colia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Capozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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35
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Vladar EK, Nayak JV, Milla CE, Axelrod JD. Airway epithelial homeostasis and planar cell polarity signaling depend on multiciliated cell differentiation. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27570836 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Motile airway cilia that propel contaminants out of the lung are oriented in a common direction by planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, which localizes PCP protein complexes to opposite cell sides throughout the epithelium to orient cytoskeletal remodeling. In airway epithelia, PCP is determined in a 2-phase process. First, cell-cell communication via PCP complexes polarizes all cells with respect to the proximal-distal tissue axis. Second, during ciliogenesis, multiciliated cells (MCCs) undergo cytoskeletal remodeling to orient their cilia in the proximal direction. The second phase not only directs cilium polarization, but also consolidates polarization across the epithelium. Here, we demonstrate that in airway epithelia, PCP depends on MCC differentiation. PCP mutant epithelia have misaligned cilia, and also display defective barrier function and regeneration, indicating that PCP regulates multiple aspects of airway epithelial homeostasis. In humans, MCCs are often sparse in chronic inflammatory diseases, and these airways exhibit PCP dysfunction. The presence of insufficient MCCs impairs mucociliary clearance in part by disrupting PCP-driven polarization of the epithelium. Consistent with defective PCP, barrier function and regeneration are also disrupted. Pharmacological stimulation of MCC differentiation restores PCP and reverses these defects, suggesting its potential for broad therapeutic benefit in chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jayakar V Nayak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Carlos E Milla
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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36
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Schwingshackl A. The role of stretch-activated ion channels in acute respiratory distress syndrome: finally a new target? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L639-52. [PMID: 27521425 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00458.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) and oxygen therapy (hyperoxia; HO) comprise the cornerstones of life-saving interventions for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, the side effects of MV and HO include exacerbation of lung injury by barotrauma, volutrauma, and propagation of lung inflammation. Despite significant improvements in ventilator technologies and a heightened awareness of oxygen toxicity, besides low tidal volume ventilation few if any medical interventions have improved ARDS outcomes over the past two decades. We are lacking a comprehensive understanding of mechanotransduction processes in the healthy lung and know little about the interactions between simultaneously activated stretch-, HO-, and cytokine-induced signaling cascades in ARDS. Nevertheless, as we are unraveling these mechanisms we are gathering increasing evidence for the importance of stretch-activated ion channels (SACs) in the activation of lung-resident and inflammatory cells. In addition to the discovery of new SAC families in the lung, e.g., two-pore domain potassium channels, we are increasingly assigning mechanosensing properties to already known Na(+), Ca(2+), K(+), and Cl(-) channels. Better insights into the mechanotransduction mechanisms of SACs will improve our understanding of the pathways leading to ventilator-induced lung injury and lead to much needed novel therapeutic approaches against ARDS by specifically targeting SACs. This review 1) summarizes the reasons why the time has come to seriously consider SACs as new therapeutic targets against ARDS, 2) critically analyzes the physiological and experimental factors that currently limit our knowledge about SACs, and 3) outlines the most important questions future research studies need to address.
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37
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Hou Y, Guan X, Yang Z, Li C. Emerging role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator - an epithelial chloride channel in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:282-288. [PMID: 26989463 PMCID: PMC4789613 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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38
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Tosoni K, Cassidy D, Kerr B, Land SC, Mehta A. Using Drugs to Probe the Variability of Trans-Epithelial Airway Resistance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149550. [PMID: 26926476 PMCID: PMC4771809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precision medicine aims to combat the variability of the therapeutic response to a given medicine by delivering the right medicine to the right patient. However, the application of precision medicine is predicated on a prior quantitation of the variance of the reference range of normality. Airway pathophysiology provides a good example due to a very variable first line of defence against airborne assault. Humans differ in their susceptibility to inhaled pollutants and pathogens in part due to the magnitude of trans-epithelial resistance that determines the degree of epithelial penetration to the submucosal space. This initial ‘set-point’ may drive a sentinel event in airway disease pathogenesis. Epithelia differentiated in vitro from airway biopsies are commonly used to model trans-epithelial resistance but the ‘reference range of normality’ remains problematic. We investigated the range of electrophysiological characteristics of human airway epithelia grown at air-liquid interface in vitro from healthy volunteers focusing on the inter- and intra-subject variability both at baseline and after sequential exposure to drugs modulating ion transport. Methodology/Principal Findings Brushed nasal airway epithelial cells were differentiated at air-liquid interface generating 137 pseudostratified ciliated epithelia from 18 donors. A positively-skewed baseline range exists for trans-epithelial resistance (Min/Max: 309/2963 Ω·cm2), trans-epithelial voltage (-62.3/-1.8 mV) and calculated equivalent current (-125.0/-3.2 μA/cm2; all non-normal, P<0.001). A minority of healthy humans manifest a dramatic amiloride sensitivity to voltage and trans-epithelial resistance that is further discriminated by prior modulation of cAMP-stimulated chloride transport. Conclusions/Significance Healthy epithelia show log-order differences in their ion transport characteristics, likely reflective of their initial set-points of basal trans-epithelial resistance and sodium transport. Our data may guide the choice of the background set point in subjects with airway diseases and frame the reference range for the future delivery of precision airway medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Tosoni
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Medical Research Institute Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AM); (KT)
| | - Diane Cassidy
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Medical Research Institute Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Kerr
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Land
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Medical Research Institute Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Mehta
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, Medical Research Institute Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AM); (KT)
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Molina SA, Stauffer B, Moriarty HK, Kim AH, McCarty NA, Koval M. Junctional abnormalities in human airway epithelial cells expressing F508del CFTR. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L475-87. [PMID: 26115671 PMCID: PMC4556929 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00060.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) has a profound impact on airway physiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that intercellular junctions are impaired in CF. We examined changes to CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function, tight junctions, and gap junctions in NuLi-1 (CFTR(wt/wt)) and CuFi-5 (CFTR(ΔF508/ΔF508)) cells. Cells were studied at air-liquid interface (ALI) and compared with primary human bronchial epithelial cells. On the basis of fluorescent lectin binding, the phenotype of the NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells at week 8 resembled that of serous, glycoprotein-rich airway cells. After week 7, CuFi-5 cells possessed 130% of the epithelial Na(+) channel activity and 17% of the CFTR activity of NuLi-1 cells. In both cell types, expression levels of CFTR were comparable to those in primary airway epithelia. Transepithelial resistance of NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells stabilized during maturation in ALI culture, with significantly lower transepithelial resistance for CuFi-5 than NuLi-1 cells. We also found that F508del CFTR negatively affects gap junction function in the airway. NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells express the connexins Cx43 and Cx26. While both connexins were properly trafficked by NuLi-1 cells, Cx43 was mistrafficked by CuFi-5 cells. Cx43 trafficking was rescued in CuFi-5 cells treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), as assessed by intracellular dye transfer. 4-PBA-treated CuFi-5 cells also exhibited an increase in forskolin-induced CFTR-mediated currents. The Cx43 trafficking defect was confirmed using IB3-1 cells and found to be corrected by 4-PBA treatment. These data support the use of NuLi-1 and CuFi-5 cells to examine the effects of F508del CFTR expression on tight junction and gap junction function in the context of serous human airway cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Molina
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Brandon Stauffer
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah K Moriarty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Agnes H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy/Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Emory+Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Mediates RSV Infection in Vitro and in Vivo. Viruses 2015; 7:4230-53. [PMID: 26264019 PMCID: PMC4576178 DOI: 10.3390/v7082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The present study tested the hypothesis that RSV infection would increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression, and that MMP-9 inhibition would decrease RSV replication both in vitro and in vivo. RSV A2 infection of human bronchial epithelial cells increased MMP-9 mRNA and protein release. Cells transfected with siRNA against MMP-9 following RSV infection had lower viral titers. In RSV infected wild-type (WT) mice, MMP-9, airway resistance and viral load peaked at day 2 post infection, and remained elevated on days 4 and 7. RSV infected MMP-9 knockout (KO) mice had decreased lung inflammation. On days 2 and 4 post inoculation, the RSV burden was lower in the MMP-9 KO mice compared to WT controls. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that RSV infection is a potent stimulus of MMP-9 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Reduction of MMP-9 (via siRNA knockdown, and in MMP-9 KO mice) resulted in decreased viral replication. Our findings suggest MMP-9 is a potential therapeutic target for RSV disease.
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Londino JD, Lazrak A, Noah JW, Aggarwal S, Bali V, Woodworth BA, Bebok Z, Matalon S. Influenza virus M2 targets cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator for lysosomal degradation during viral infection. FASEB J 2015; 29:2712-25. [PMID: 25795456 PMCID: PMC4478808 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the mechanisms by which influenza infection of human epithelial cells decreases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression and function. We infected human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and murine nasal epithelial (MNE) cells with various strains of influenza A virus. Influenza infection significantly reduced CFTR short circuit currents (Isc) and protein levels at 8 hours postinfection. We then infected CFTR expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells (HEK-293 CFTRwt) with influenza virus encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag and performed whole-cell and cell-attached patch clamp recordings. Forskolin-stimulated, GlyH-101-sensitive CFTR conductances, and CFTR open probabilities were reduced by 80% in GFP-positive cells; Western blots also showed significant reduction in total and plasma membrane CFTR levels. Knockdown of the influenza matrix protein 2 (M2) with siRNA, or inhibition of its activity by amantadine, prevented the decrease in CFTR expression and function. Lysosome inhibition (bafilomycin-A1), but not proteasome inhibition (lactacystin), prevented the reduction in CFTR levels. Western blots of immunoprecipitated CFTR from influenza-infected cells, treated with BafA1, and probed with antibodies against lysine 63-linked (K-63) or lysine 48-linked (K-48) polyubiquitin chains supported lysosomal targeting. These results highlight CFTR damage, leading to early degradation as an important contributing factor to influenza infection-associated ion transport defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Londino
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmed Lazrak
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James W Noah
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vedrana Bali
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Bebok
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- *Department of Anesthesiology, Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, and Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; and Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Schlingmann B, Molina SA, Koval M. Claudins: Gatekeepers of lung epithelial function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 42:47-57. [PMID: 25951797 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The lung must maintain a proper barrier between airspaces and fluid filled tissues in order to maintain lung fluid balance. Central to maintaining lung fluid balance are epithelial cells which create a barrier to water and solutes. The barrier function of these cells is mainly provided by tight junction proteins known as claudins. Epithelial barrier function varies depending on the different needs within the segments of the respiratory tree. In the lower airways, fluid is required to maintain mucociliary clearance, whereas in the terminal alveolar airspaces a thin layer of surfactant enriched fluid lowers surface tension to prevent airspace collapse and is critical for gas exchange. As the epithelial cells within the segments of the respiratory tree differ, the composition of claudins found in these epithelial cells is also different. Among these differences is claudin-18 which is uniquely expressed by the alveolar epithelial cells. Other claudins, notably claudin-4 and claudin-7, are more ubiquitously expressed throughout the respiratory epithelium. Claudin-5 is expressed by both pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells. Based on in vitro and in vivo model systems and histologic analysis of lungs from human patients, roles for specific claudins in maintaining barrier function and protecting the lung from the effects of acute injury and disease are being identified. One surprising finding is that claudin-18 and claudin-4 control lung cell phenotype and inflammation beyond simply maintaining a selective paracellular permeability barrier. This suggests claudins have more nuanced roles for the control of airway and alveolar physiology in the healthy and diseased lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schlingmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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43
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Davis AS, Chertow DS, Moyer JE, Suzich J, Sandouk A, Dorward DW, Logun C, Shelhamer JH, Taubenberger JK. Validation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells as a model for influenza A infections in human distal trachea. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:312-28. [PMID: 25604814 PMCID: PMC4409941 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415570968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE) cells, derived from the distal-most aspect of the trachea at the bifurcation, have been used for a number of studies in respiratory disease research. Differences between the source tissue and the differentiated primary cells may impact infection studies based on this model. Therefore, we examined how well-differentiated NHBE cells compared with their source tissue, the human distal trachea, as well as the ramifications of these differences on influenza A viral pathogenesis research using this model. We employed a histological analysis including morphological measurements, electron microscopy, multi-label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, lectin histochemistry, and microarray expression analysis to compare differentiated NHBEs to human distal tracheal epithelium. Pseudostratified epithelial height, cell type variety and distribution varied significantly. Electron microscopy confirmed differences in cellular attachment and paracellular junctions. Influenza receptor lectin histochemistry revealed that α2,3 sialic acids were rarely present on the apical aspect of the differentiated NHBE cells, but were present in low numbers in the distal trachea. We bound fluorochrome bioconjugated virus to respiratory tissue and NHBE cells and infected NHBE cells with human influenza A viruses. Both indicated that the pattern of infection progression in these cells correlated with autopsy studies of fatal cases from the 2009 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sally Davis
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas (ASD)
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - Jenna E Moyer
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
| | - Jon Suzich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - Aline Sandouk
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
| | - David W Dorward
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Research Technology Branch, NIAID, Hamilton, Montana (DWD)
| | - Carolea Logun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - James H Shelhamer
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland (DSC, JS, CL, JHS)
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland (ASD, DSC, JEM, AS, JKT)
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Unwalla HJ, Ivonnet P, Dennis JS, Conner GE, Salathe M. Transforming growth factor-β1 and cigarette smoke inhibit the ability of β2-agonists to enhance epithelial permeability. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:65-74. [PMID: 24978189 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0538oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic bronchitis, caused by cigarette smoke exposure, is characterized by mucus hypersecretion and reduced mucociliary clearance (MCC). Effective MCC depends, in part, on adequate airway surface liquid. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) provides the necessary osmotic gradient for serosal to mucosal fluid transport through its ability to both secrete Cl(-) and regulate paracellular permeability, but CFTR activity is attenuated in chronic bronchitis and in smokers. β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can activate CFTR, stimulate ciliary beat frequency, and increase epithelial permeability, thereby stimulating MCC. Patients with chronic airway diseases and cigarette smokers demonstrate increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling, which suppresses β2-agonist-mediated CFTR activation and epithelial permeability increases. Restoring CFTR function in these diseases can restore the ability of β2-agonists to enhance epithelial permeability. Human bronchial epithelial cells, fully redifferentiated at the air-liquid interface, were used for (14)C mannitol flux measurements, Ussing chamber experiments, and quantitative RT-PCR. β2-agonists enhance epithelial permeability by activating CFTR via the β2-AR/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. TGF-β1 inhibits β2-agonist-mediated CFTR activation and epithelial permeability enhancement. Although TGF-β1 down-regulates both β2-AR and CFTR mRNA, functionally it only decreases CFTR activity. Cigarette smoke exposure inhibits β2-agonist-mediated epithelial permeability increases, an effect reversed by blocking TGF-β signaling. β2-agonists enhance epithelial permeability via CFTR activation. TGF-β1 signaling inhibits β2-agonist-mediated CFTR activation and subsequent increased epithelial permeability, potentially limiting the ability of β2-agonists to facilitate paracellular transport in disease states unless TGF-β1 signaling is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoshang J Unwalla
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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Henry KR, Lee S, Walker D, Zeitlin PL. Direct interactions between ENaC gamma subunit and ClCN2 in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/1/e12264. [PMID: 25626868 PMCID: PMC4387756 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal disease caused by mutations in the chloride channel CFTR gene. The disease is characterized by decreased chloride secretion and unregulated sodium absorption through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the airway epithelium and other affected organs. We hypothesize that a non‐CFTR alternative chloride channel ClCN2 can be activated to negatively regulate ENaC in CF epithelial cell cultures. We identified a novel interaction between ClCN2 and the ENaCγ subunit in CF airway epithelial cells and show that the upregulation of ClCN2 leads to decreased expression of ENaCγ via a K63 ubiquitination mechanism. These regulatory effects of ClCN2 on ENaCγ appear to be dependent on the CBS‐1 domain located within the c‐terminus of ClCN2, which is necessary for the targeting of ClCN2 to the apical surface. In sum, these results suggest the ability of ClCN2 to negatively regulate sodium absorption through ENaC, supporting its role as a therapeutic target for the treatment of CF. Cystic Fibrosis is caused by mutations in the chloride channel CFTR gene which secondarily increases sodium reabsorption in the airways. ClCN2 is an epithelial chloride channel in the airways that can be activated in CF. We show an interaction between ClCN2 and the epithelial sodium channel subunit gamma that affects subunit expression and targeting to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Henry
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seakwoo Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pamela L Zeitlin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cao K, Chen M, Jie X, Wang Y, Li Q, Xu J. H5N1 Virus Hemagglutinin Inhibition of cAMP-Dependent CFTR via TLR4-Mediated Janus Tyrosine Kinase 3 Activation Exacerbates Lung Inflammation. Mol Med 2015; 21:134-42. [PMID: 25587856 PMCID: PMC4461576 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The host tolerance mechanisms to avian influenza virus (H5N1) infection that limit tissue injury remain unknown. Emerging evidence indicates that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-dependent Cl− channel, modulates airway inflammation. Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) 3, a JAK family member that plays a central role in inflammatory responses, prominently contributes to the dysregulated innate immune response upon H5N1 attachment; therefore, this study aims to elucidate whether JAK3 activation induced by H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA) inhibits cAMP-dependent CFTR channels. We performed short-circuit current, immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses of the airway epithelium in Jak3+/+ and Jak3+/− mice. We demonstrate that H5N1 HA attachment inhibits cAMP-dependent CFTR Cl− channels via JAK3-mediated adenylyl cyclase (AC) suppression, which reduces cAMP production. This inhibition leads to increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and inflammatory responses. H5N1 HA is detected by TLR4 expressed on respiratory epithelial cells, facilitating JAK3 activation. This activation induces the interaction between TLR4 and Gαi protein, which blocks ACs. Our findings provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of acute lung injury via the inhibition of cAMP-dependent CFTR channels, indicating that the administration of cAMP-elevating agents and targeting JAK3 may activate host tolerance to infection for the management of influenza virus–induced fatal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Fossum SL, Mutolo MJ, Yang R, Dang H, O'Neal WK, Knowles MR, Leir SH, Harris A. Ets homologous factor regulates pathways controlling response to injury in airway epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13588-98. [PMID: 25414352 PMCID: PMC4267623 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ets homologous factor (EHF) is an Ets family transcription factor expressed in many epithelial cell types including those lining the respiratory system. Disruption of the airway epithelium is central to many lung diseases, and a network of transcription factors coordinates its normal function. EHF can act as a transcriptional activator or a repressor, though its targets in lung epithelial cells are largely uncharacterized. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), showed that the majority of EHF binding sites in lung epithelial cells are intergenic or intronic and coincide with putative enhancers, marked by specific histone modifications. EHF occupies many genomic sites that are close to genes involved in intercellular and cell–matrix adhesion. RNA-seq after EHF depletion or overexpression showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in response to wounding. EHF knockdown also targeted genes in pathways of epithelial development and differentiation and locomotory behavior. These changes in gene expression coincided with alterations in cellular phenotype including slowed wound closure and increased transepithelial resistance. Our data suggest that EHF regulates gene pathways critical for epithelial response to injury, including those involved in maintenance of barrier function, inflammation and efficient wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Fossum
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ann Harris
- Human Molecular Genetics Program, Lurie Children's Research Center, Chicago, IL 60614, USA Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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48
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Cuppoletti J, Chakrabarti J, Tewari KP, Malinowska DH. Differentiation between human ClC-2 and CFTR Cl− channels with pharmacological agents. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C479-92. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00077.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been difficult to separate/identify the roles of ClC-2 and CFTR in Cl− transport studies. Using pharmacological agents, we aimed to differentiate functionally between ClC-2 and CFTR Cl− channel currents. Effects of CFTR inhibitor 172 (CFTRinh172), N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)- N′-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea (DASU-02), and methadone were examined by whole cell patch clamp on Cl− currents in recombinant human ClC-2/human embryonic kidney 293 (ClC-2/HEK293) cells stably transformed with Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (hClC-2/293EBNA) and human CFTR/HEK293 (hCFTR/HEK293) cells and by short-circuit current ( Isc) measurements in T84 cells. Lubiprostone and forskolin-IBMX were used as activators. CFTRinh172 inhibited forskolin-IBMX-stimulated recombinant human CFTR (hCFTR) and lubiprostone-stimulated recombinant human ClC-2 (hClC-2) Cl− currents in a concentration-dependent manner equipotently. DASU-02 inhibited forskolin-IBMX-stimulated Cl− currents in hCFTR/HEK293 cells, but not lubiprostone-stimulated Cl− currents in hClC-2/293EBNA cells. In T84 cells with basolateral nystatin or 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (1-EBIO), lubiprostone-stimulated and forskolin-IBMX-cyclosporin A (FICA)-stimulated Isc components were observed. CFTRinh172 inhibited major portions of both components. DASU-02 had no effect on lubiprostone-stimulated Isc but partially inhibited FICA-stimulated Isc. T84 cells in which ClC-2 or CFTR was knocked down using siRNAs were constructed. T84 ClC-2 knockdown cells did not respond to lubiprostone but did respond to forskolin-IBMX in a methadone-insensitive, DASU-02-sensitive manner, indicating CFTR function. T84 CFTR knockdown cells responded separately to lubiprostone and forskolin-IBMX in a methadone-sensitive and DASU-02-insensitive manner, indicating ClC-2 function. Low lubiprostone concentrations activated ClC-2, but not CFTR, and both channels were activated by forskolin-IBMX but have different inhibitor sensitivities. Methadone, but not DASU-02, inhibited ClC-2. DASU-02, but not methadone, inhibited CFTR. In T84 cells, both ClC-2 and CFTR are present and likely play roles in Cl− secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cuppoletti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jayati Chakrabarti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kirti P. Tewari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Danuta H. Malinowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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49
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Ruan YC, Wang Y, Da Silva N, Kim B, Diao RY, Hill E, Brown D, Chan HC, Breton S. CFTR interacts with ZO-1 to regulate tight junction assembly and epithelial differentiation through the ZONAB pathway. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4396-408. [PMID: 25107366 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CFTR lead to dysfunction of tubular organs, which is currently attributed to impairment of its conductive properties. We now show that CFTR regulates tight junction assembly and epithelial cell differentiation through modulation of the ZO-1-ZONAB pathway. CFTR colocalizes with ZO-1 at the tight junctions of trachea and epididymis, and is expressed before ZO-1 in Wolffian ducts. CFTR interacts with ZO-1 through the CTFR PDZ-binding domain. In a three-dimensional (3D) epithelial cell culture model, CFTR regulates tight junction assembly and is required for tubulogenesis. CFTR inhibition or knockdown reduces ZO-1 expression and induces the translocation of the transcription factor ZONAB (also known as YBX3) from tight junctions to the nucleus, followed by upregulation of the transcription of CCND1 and downregulation of ErbB2 transcription. The epididymal tubules of cftr(-/-) and cftr(ΔF508) mice have reduced ZO-1 levels, increased ZONAB nuclear expression, and decreased epithelial cell differentiation, illustrated by the reduced expression of apical AQP9 and V-ATPase. This study provides a new paradigm for the etiology of diseases associated with CFTR mutations, including cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chun Ruan
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicolas Da Silva
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bongki Kim
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rui Ying Diao
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Hill
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology, Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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50
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Rezaee F, Georas SN. Breaking barriers. New insights into airway epithelial barrier function in health and disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:857-69. [PMID: 24467704 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0541rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial permeability is a hallmark of mucosal inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. A key component of the epithelial barrier is the apical junctional complex that forms between neighboring cells. Apical junctional complexes are made of tight junctions and adherens junctions and link to the cellular cytoskeleton via numerous adaptor proteins. Although the existence of tight and adherens junctions between epithelial cells has long been recognized, in recent years there have been significant advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of junctional complex assembly and disassembly. Here we review the current thinking about the structure and function of the apical junctional complex in airway epithelial cells, emphasizing the translational aspects of relevance to cystic fibrosis and asthma. Most work to date has been conducted using cell culture models, but technical advancements in imaging techniques suggest that we are on the verge of important new breakthroughs in this area in physiological models of airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Rezaee
- 1 Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
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