1
|
Colard J, Jubeau M, Crouzier M, Duclay J, Cattagni T. Effect of muscle length on the modulation of H-reflex and inhibitory mechanisms of Ia afferent discharges during passive muscle lengthening. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:890-905. [PMID: 39015079 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00142.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons is decreased during passive muscle lengthening compared with static and shortening muscle conditions. Evidence suggests that these regulations are explained by 1) greater postactivation depression induced by homosynaptic postactivation depression (HPAD) and 2) primary afferent depolarization (PAD). It remains uncertain whether muscle length impacts the muscle lengthening-related aspect of regulation of the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons, HPAD, PAD, and heteronymous Ia facilitation (HF). We conducted a study involving 15 healthy young individuals. We recorded conditioned or nonconditioned soleus Hoffmann (H) reflex with electromyography (EMG) to estimate the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons, HPAD, PAD, and HF during passive shortening, static, and lengthening muscle conditions at short, intermediate, and long lengths. Our results show that the decrease of effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons and increase of postactivation depression during passive muscle lengthening occur at all muscle lengths. For PAD and HF, we found that longer muscle length increases the magnitude of regulation related to muscle lengthening. To conclude, our findings support an inhibitory effect (resulting from increased postactivation depression) of muscle lengthening and longer muscle length on the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons. The increase in postactivation depression associated with muscle lengthening can be attributed to the amplification of Ia afferents discharge.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Original results are that in response to passive muscle lengthening and increased muscle length, inhibition of the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons increases, with primary afferent depolarization and homosynaptic postactivation depression mechanisms playing central roles in this regulatory process. Our findings highlight for the first time a cumulative inhibitory effect of muscle lengthening and increased muscle length on the effectiveness of activated Ia afferents to discharge α-motoneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Colard
- Movement-Interactions-Performance (MIP), UR-4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, UR-4334, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Movement-Interactions-Performance (MIP), UR-4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, UR-4334, France
| | - Marion Crouzier
- Movement-Interactions-Performance (MIP), UR-4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, UR-4334, France
| | - Julien Duclay
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Movement-Interactions-Performance (MIP), UR-4334, Nantes Université, Nantes, UR-4334, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbanchon C, Mouraux D, Baudry S. Repeated exposure to virtual reality decreases reliance on visual inputs for balance control in healthy adults. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 96:103236. [PMID: 38805764 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Postural control may encounter acute challenges when individuals are immersed in a virtual reality (VR) environment, making VR a potential pertinent tool for enhancing balance capacity. Nonetheless, the effects of repeated exposure to VR on balance control remain to be fully elucidated. Fifty-five healthy participants stood upright for six bouts of 90 s each in an immersive virtual reality (VR) environment using a head-mounted display (repeated VR exposure). During these bouts, participants experienced simulated forward and backward displacements. Before and after the repeated VR exposure, the center of pressure mean velocity (VELCOP) was measured in response to simulated forward and backward displacement in VR, as well as during quiet upright standing with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) in the real environment. The results revealed a significant decrease in VELCOP for forward and backward simulated displacements in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (p < 0.01) after compared to before repeated VR exposure. Furthermore, VELCOP significantly decreased when participants stood upright in EC (-5%; p = 0.004), but not EO (+3%; p > 0.05) in the real environment after repeated VR exposure. The Romberg ratio (EC/EO) was reduced in both antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions (p < 0.05) after VR exposure. This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments. These changes may be attributed, in part, to a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing. Accordingly, these findings highlight VR as a potentially effective tool for balance rehabilitation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study indicates that repeated exposure to VR induces changes in balance control in both virtual and real environments that can rely, in part, on a reduction in the weighting of visual inputs in the multisensory integration process occurring during upright standing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Barbanchon
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dominique Mouraux
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Crouzier M, Avrillon S, Hug F, Cattagni T. Horizontal foot orientation affects the distribution of neural drive between gastrocnemii during plantarflexion, without changing neural excitability. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:786-798. [PMID: 38205551 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00536.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The distribution of activation among muscles from the same anatomical group can be affected by the mechanical constraints of the task, such as limb orientation. For example, the distribution of activation between the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and lateralis (GL) muscles during submaximal plantarflexion depends on the orientation of the foot in the horizontal plane. The neural mechanisms behind these modulations are not known. The overall aim of this study was to determine whether the excitability of the two gastrocnemius muscles is differentially affected by changes in foot orientation. Nineteen males performed isometric plantarflexions with their foot internally (toes-in) or externally (toes-out) rotated. GM and GL motor unit discharge characteristics were estimated from high-density surface electromyography to estimate neural drive. GM and GL corticospinal excitability and intracortical activity were assessed using transcranial magnetic stimulation through motor-evoked potentials. The efficacy of synaptic transmission between Ia-afferent fibers and α-motoneurons of the GM and GL was evaluated through the Hoffmann reflex. We observed a differential change in neural drive between GM (toes-out > toes-in) and GL (toes-out < toes-in). However, there was no foot orientation-related modulation in corticospinal excitability of the GM or GL, either at the cortical level or through modulation of the efficacy of Ia-α-motoneuron transmission. These results demonstrate that change in the motor pathway excitability is not the mechanism controlling the different distribution of neural drive between GM and GL with foot orientation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Horizontal foot orientation affects the distribution of neural drive between the gastrocnemii during plantarflexion. There is no foot orientation-related modulation in the corticospinal excitability of the gastrocnemii, either at the cortical level or through modulation of the efficacy of Ia-α-motoneuron transmission. Change in motor pathway excitability is not the mechanism controlling the different distribution of neural drive between gastrocnemius medialis and lateralis with foot orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Crouzier
- Nantes University, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR-4334, Nantes, France
| | - Simon Avrillon
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - François Hug
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Nantes University, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR-4334, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harrison KD, Dakin CJ, Beethe AZ, Louder T. Effects of Stroboscopic Vision on Depth Jump Motor Control: A Biomechanical Analysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:290. [PMID: 38534564 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers commonly use the 'free-fall' paradigm to investigate motor control during landing impacts, particularly in drop landings and depth jumps (DJ). While recent studies have focused on the impact of vision on landing motor control, previous research fully removed continuous visual input, limiting ecological validity. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of stroboscopic vision on depth jump (DJ) motor control. Ground reaction forces (GRF) and lower-extremity surface electromyography (EMG) were collected for 20 young adults (11 male; 9 female) performing six depth jumps (0.51 m drop height) in each of two visual conditions (full vision vs. 3 Hz stroboscopic vision). Muscle activation magnitude was estimated from EMG signals using root-mean-square amplitudes (RMS) over specific time intervals (150 ms pre-impact; 30-60 ms, 60-85 ms, and 85-120 ms post-impact). The main effects of and interactions between vision and trial number were assessed using two-way within-subjects repeated measures analyses of variance. Peak GRF was 6.4% greater, on average, for DJs performed with stroboscopic vision compared to full vision (p = 0.042). Tibialis anterior RMS EMG during the 60-85 ms post-impact time interval was 14.1% lower for DJs performed with stroboscopic vision (p = 0.020). Vastus lateralis RMS EMG during the 85-120 ms post-impact time interval was 11.8% lower for DJs performed with stroboscopic vision (p = 0.017). Stroboscopic vision altered DJ landing mechanics and lower-extremity muscle activation. The observed increase in peak GRF and reduction in RMS EMG of the tibialis anterior and vastus lateralis post-landing may signify a higher magnitude of lower-extremity musculotendinous stiffness developed pre-landing. The results indicate measurable sensorimotor disruption for DJs performed with stroboscopic vision, warranting further research and supporting the potential use of stroboscopic vision as a sensorimotor training aid in exercise and rehabilitation. Stroboscopic vision could induce beneficial adaptations in multisensory integration, applicable to restoring sensorimotor function after injury and preventing injuries in populations experiencing landing impacts at night (e.g., military personnel).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Harrison
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Christopher J Dakin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Anne Z Beethe
- PEAK Performance, Colby College Athletics, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Talin Louder
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva-Batista C, Lira J, Coelho DB, de Lima-Pardini AC, Nucci MP, Mattos ECT, Magalhaes FH, Barbosa ER, Teixeira LA, Amaro Junior E, Ugrinowitsch C, Horak FB. Mesencephalic Locomotor Region and Presynaptic Inhibition during Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in People with Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38391752 PMCID: PMC10887111 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and freezing of gait (FOG) have a loss of presynaptic inhibition (PSI) during anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) for step initiation. The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) has connections to the reticulospinal tract that mediates inhibitory interneurons responsible for modulating PSI and APAs. Here, we hypothesized that MLR activity during step initiation would explain the loss of PSI during APAs for step initiation in FOG (freezers). Freezers (n = 34) were assessed in the ON-medication state. We assessed the beta of blood oxygenation level-dependent signal change of areas known to initiate and pace gait (e.g., MLR) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol of an APA task. In addition, we assessed the PSI of the soleus muscle during APA for step initiation, and clinical (e.g., disease duration) and behavioral (e.g., FOG severity and APA amplitude for step initiation) variables. A linear multiple regression model showed that MLR activity (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.0006) and APA amplitude (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.0097) explained together 45% of the loss of PSI during step initiation in freezers. Decreased MLR activity during a simulated APA task is related to a higher loss of PSI during APA for step initiation. Deficits in central and spinal inhibitions during APA may be related to FOG pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jumes Lira
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09210-170, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro Junior
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Johnson E, Ellmers TJ, Muehlbauer T, Lord SR, Hill MW. Effects of free versus restricted arm movements on postural control in normal and modified sensory conditions in young and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112338. [PMID: 38016571 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of arm movements on postural control when standing under different sensory conditions in healthy young and older adults. Fifteen young (mean ± SD age; 21.3 ± 4.2 years) and 15 older (mean ± SD age; 73.3 ± 5.0 years) adults completed the modified Romberg test, which uses four task manipulations (i.e. eyes open and eyes closed on a firm and foam surface) to compromise the fidelity of sensory feedback mechanisms. Each participant completed the tasks under two arm movement conditions: restricted and free arm movements. Centre of pressure (COP) range and frequency were calculated to characterise postural performance and strategy, respectively. Older adults showed greater COP range with restricted compared to free arm movements during all modified sensory conditions, with these effects most prominent in the medio-lateral (ML) plane (all p < .05, Cohen's d = 0.69-1.61). Compared to the free arm movement condition, there was an increase in ML displacement and frequency when arm movements were restricted during only the most challenging (i.e. vestibular dominant) task in young adults (all p < .05, d = 0.645-0.83). Finally, main age effects for the arm restriction cost (p < .05) indicates a greater reliance on an upper body strategy in older compared to young adults, independent of sensory availability/accuracy. These findings indicate that older adults compensate for the loss of accuracy in sensory input by increasing reliance on upper body movement strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Johnson
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - T J Ellmers
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Muehlbauer
- Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S R Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M W Hill
- Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jo D, Bilodeau M. Sex differences concerning the effects of ankle muscle fatigue on static postural control and spinal proprioceptive input at the ankle. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1015597. [PMID: 37476006 PMCID: PMC10355328 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1015597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The main aim of this study was to determine sex differences in postural control changes with ankle muscle fatigue during a standing forward leaning (FL) task under different vision conditions. The secondary aim was to examine sex differences in the effect of fatigue on soleus (SOL) H-reflex amplitude, a measure of motoneuron excitability with activation of Ia afferents. Methods Fifteen healthy young adult males (mean age: 28.0 years) and 16 healthy young adult females (mean age: 26.1 years) were asked to perform four consecutive FL tasks [30 s; two with eyes open (EO) and two with eyes closed (EC)] before, and immediately following a fatiguing exercise consisting of alternating ankle plantarflexion (6 s) and dorsiflexion (2 s) maximal isometric contractions, and at 5 and 10 min of recovery. Center of pressure (COP) sway variables (mean position, standard deviation, ellipse area, average velocity, and frequency), an ankle co-contraction index, and a ratio of SOL H-reflex to the maximum amplitude of the compound muscle action potential (M-max) were obtained during the FL tasks. A rating of perceived fatigue (RPF) was also documented at the different time points. Results Time to task failure (reduction of 50% in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque of ankle plantar flexors) and the increase in RPF value were not significantly different between males and females. Both sex groups showed similar and significant increases (p < 0.05) in mean COP sway velocity with no significant changes in co-contraction indices. No significant effects of fatigue and related interactions were found for SOL H/M-max ratio. Discussion The absence of a significant sex difference in postural control change (sway and co-contraction) with fatigue could be explained by similar perceived (RPF) and performance fatigability (exercise duration) between males and females in the present study. Fatigue did not lead to significant changes in SOL spinal motoneuron excitability with activation of Ia afferents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Jo
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- LIFE Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Theodosiadou A, Henry M, Duchateau J, Baudry S. Revisiting the use of Hoffmann reflex in motor control research on humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:695-710. [PMID: 36571622 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research in movement science aims at unravelling mechanisms and designing methods for restoring and maximizing human functional capacity, and many techniques provide access to neural adjustments (acute changes) or long-term adaptations (chronic changes) underlying changes in movement capabilities. First described by Paul Hoffmann over a century ago, when an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve, this causes action potentials in afferent axons, primarily the Ia afferents of the muscle spindles, which recruit homonymous motor neurons, thereby causing an electromyographic response known as the Hoffmann (H) reflex. This technique is a valuable tool in the study of the neuromuscular function in humans and has provided relevant information in the neural control of movement. The large use of the H reflex in motor control research on humans relies in part to its relative simplicity. However, such simplicity masks subtleties that require rigorous experimental protocols and careful data interpretation. After highlighting basic properties and methodological aspects that should be considered for the correct use of the H-reflex technique, this brief narrative review discusses the purpose of the H reflex and emphasizes its use as a tool to assess the effectiveness of Ia afferents in discharging motor neurones. The review also aims to reconsider the link between H-reflex modulation and Ia presynaptic inhibition, the use of the H-reflex technique in motor control studies, and the effects of ageing. These aspects are summarized as recommendations for the use of the H reflex in motor control research on humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Theodosiadou
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Henry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808 Route de Lennik, CP 640, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Colard J, Jubeau M, Duclay J, Cattagni T. Regulation of primary afferent depolarization and homosynaptic post-activation depression during passive and active lengthening, shortening and isometric conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1257-1269. [PMID: 36781424 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether the modulation of primary afferent depolarization (PAD) and homosynaptic post-activation depression (HPAD) are involved in the lower efficacy of Ia-afferent-α-motoneuron transmission commonly observed during lengthening compared to isometric and shortening conditions. METHODS 15 healthy young individuals participated in two experimental sessions dedicated to measurement in passive and active muscle states, respectively. In each session, PAD, HPAD and the efficacy of Ia-afferent-α-motoneuron transmission were evaluated during lengthening, shortening and isometric conditions. PAD was evaluated with D1 inhibition technique. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation was used to study HPAD and the efficacy of the Ia-afferent-α-motoneuron transmission through the recording of the soleus Hoffmann reflex (H reflex). RESULTS PAD was increased in lengthening than shortening (11.2%) and isometric (12.3%) conditions regardless of muscle state (P < 0.001). HPAD was increased in lengthening than shortening (5.1%) and isometric (4.2%) conditions in the passive muscle state (P < 0.05), while no difference was observed in the active muscle state. H reflex was lower in lengthening than shortening (- 13.2%) and isometric (- 9.4%) conditions in both muscle states (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results highlight the specific regulation of PAD and HPAD during lengthening conditions. However, the differences observed during passive lengthening compared to shortening and isometric conditions seem to result from an increase in Ia-afferent discharge, while the variations highlighted during active lengthening might come from polysynaptic descending pathways involving supraspinal centres that could regulate PAD mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Colard
- Nantes University, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, 25 Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, UR 4334, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Nantes University, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, 25 Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, UR 4334, 44322, Nantes, France.
| | - Julien Duclay
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Nantes University, Movement-Interactions-Performance, MIP, 25 Bis Boulevard Guy Mollet-BP 72206, UR 4334, 44322, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
PAULSON S, VINCENZO JL, GLENN JM, BINNS A, GRAY M. Postural sway and muscle activation among younger and older adults during static balance with visual feedback. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
11
|
Batista-Ferreira L, Rabelo NF, da Cruz GM, Costa JNDA, Elias LA, Mezzarane RA. Effects of voluntary contraction on the soleus H-reflex of different amplitudes in healthy young adults and in the elderly. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1039242. [PMID: 36590063 PMCID: PMC9797586 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1039242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of H-reflex studies used a moderate steady voluntary contraction in an attempt to keep the motoneuron pool excitability relatively constant. However, it is not clear whether the voluntary muscle activation itself represents a confounding factor for the elderly, as a few ongoing mechanisms of reflex modulation might be compromised. Further, it is well-known that the amount of either inhibition or facilitation from a given conditioning depends on the size of the test H-reflex. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of voluntary contraction over a wide range of reflex amplitudes. A significant reflex facilitation during an isometric voluntary contraction of the soleus muscle (15% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction-MVC) was found for both young adults and the elderly (p < 0.05), regardless of their test reflex amplitudes (considering the ascending limb of the H-reflex recruitment curve-RC). No significant difference was detected in the level of reflex facilitation between groups for all the amplitude parameters extracted from the RC. Simulations with a computational model of the motoneuron pool driven by stationary descending commands yielded qualitatively similar amount of reflex facilitation, as compared to human experiments. Both the experimental and modeling results suggest that possible age-related differences in spinal cord mechanisms do not significantly influence the reflex modulation during a moderate voluntary muscle activation. Therefore, a background voluntary contraction of the ankle extensors (e.g., similar to the one necessary to maintain upright stance) can be used in experiments designed to compare the RCs of both populations. Finally, in an attempt to elucidate the controversy around changes in the direct motor response (M-wave) during contraction, the maximum M-wave (Mmax) was compared between groups and conditions. It was found that the Mmax significantly increases (p < 0.05) during contraction and decreases (p < 0.05) with age arguably due to muscle fiber shortening and motoneuron loss, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Batista-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Natielle Ferreira Rabelo
- Neural Engineering Research Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Menezes da Cruz
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Abdala Elias
- Neural Engineering Research Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo André Mezzarane
- Laboratory of Signal Processing and Motor Control, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, Goiás, Brazil,*Correspondence: Rinaldo André Mezzarane,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hupfeld KE, McGregor HR, Hass CJ, Pasternak O, Seidler RD. Sensory system-specific associations between brain structure and balance. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 119:102-116. [PMID: 36030560 PMCID: PMC9728121 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 75% of older adults in the US report balance problems. Although it is known that aging results in widespread brain atrophy, less is known about how brain structure relates to balance in aging. We collected T1- and diffusion-weighted MRI scans and measured postural sway of 36 young (18-34 years) and 22 older (66-84 years) adults during eyes open, eyes closed, eyes open-foam, and eyes closed-foam conditions. We calculated summary measures indicating visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular contributions to balance. Across both age groups, thinner cortex in multisensory integration regions was associated with greater reliance on visual inputs for balance. Greater gyrification within sensorimotor and parietal cortices was associated with greater reliance on proprioceptive inputs. Poorer vestibular function was correlated with thinner vestibular cortex, greater gyrification within sensorimotor, parietal, and frontal cortices, and lower free water-corrected axial diffusivity across the corona radiata and corpus callosum. These results expand scientific understanding of how individual differences in brain structure relate to balance and have implications for developing brain stimulation interventions to improve balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Hupfeld
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C J Hass
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - O Pasternak
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dukkipati SS, Walker SJ, Trevarrow MP, Busboom M, Baker SE, Kurz MJ. Reduced wrist flexor H-reflex excitability is linked with increased wrist proprioceptive error in adults with cerebral palsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:930303. [PMID: 36016542 PMCID: PMC9396222 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.930303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most neurophysiological studies of persons with cerebral palsy (CP) have been focused on supraspinal networks, recent evidence points toward the spinal cord as a central contributor to their motor impairments. However, it is unclear if alterations in the spinal pathways are also linked to deficits in the sensory processing observed clinically. This investigation aimed to begin to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) H-reflex in adults with CP and neurotypical (NT) controls while at rest and during an isometric wrist flexion task. The maximal H-wave (Hmax) and M-wave (Mmax) at rest were calculated and utilized to compute Hmax/Mmax ratios (H:M ratios). Secondarily, the facilitation of the H-wave was measured while producing an isometric, voluntary wrist flexion contraction (i.e., active condition). Finally, a wrist position sense test was used to quantify the level of joint position sense. These results revealed that the adults with CP had a lower H:M ratio compared with the NT controls while at rest. The adults with CP were also unable to facilitate their H-reflexes with voluntary contraction and had greater position sense errors compared with the controls. Further, these results showed that the adults with CP that had greater wrist position sense errors tended to have a lower H:M ratio at rest. Overall, these findings highlight that aberration in the spinal cord pathways of adults with CP might play a role in the sensory processing deficiencies observed in adults with CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Shekar Dukkipati
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sarah J. Walker
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Morgan Busboom
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sarah E. Baker
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Max J. Kurz
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, United States
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Max J. Kurz
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Papavasileiou A, Hatzitaki V, Mademli L, Patikas DA. Temporal modulation of H-reflex in young and older people: Acute effects during Achilles tendon vibration while standing. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
15
|
Papavasileiou A, Mademli L, Hatzitaki V, Patikas DA. Electromyographic responses to unexpected Achilles tendon vibration-induced perturbations during standing in young and older people. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1017-1027. [PMID: 35171309 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate age-related differences in electromyographic (EMG) responses to unexpected Achilles tendon vibration (ATV) perturbations while standing blindfold. ATV with variable and random duration (12-15 s) and rest periods (20-24 s) was applied on 18 young and 16 older volunteers. The anterior/posterior center of pressure (CoP) and the soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) EMG were analyzed for 1 s before and 8 s after the ATV onset and offset. ATV induced a posterior shift of CoP in both groups, with more pronounced shift in the older group. During ATV onset, the older group demonstrated less SOL and more TA EMG increase compared to the young group. During the first 0.5 s of ATV offset, SOL EMG was decreased in both age groups, while TA showed a burst of EMG activity that was greater in the older group. No difference in the latencies of EMG peaks or valleys was observed between the groups. It is concluded that ATV induces greater posterior CoP shift in older adults, and they adopt a recovery strategy, characterized by a decreased SOL activation and an increased TA activation. These differences are possibly attributed to the increased fear of falling, decreased limits of stability and reduced capacity of older people to reweight their sensory inflow when proprioception is distorted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papavasileiou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62110, Ag. Ioannis, Serres, Greece
| | - Lida Mademli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62110, Ag. Ioannis, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilia Hatzitaki
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Patikas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62110, Ag. Ioannis, Serres, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva JC, Brandão EM, Puga GM, Kanitz AC. The execution order of the concurrent training and its effects on static and dynamic balance, and muscle strength of elderly people. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
17
|
Grosprêtre S, Marusic U, Gimenez P, Ennequin G, Mourot L, Isacco L. Stand Up to Excite the Spine: Neuromuscular, Autonomic, and Cardiometabolic Responses During Motor Imagery in Standing vs. Sitting Posture. Front Physiol 2021; 12:762452. [PMID: 34887774 PMCID: PMC8649772 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI) for health and performance strategies has gained interest in recent decades. Nevertheless, there are still no studies that have comprehensively investigated the physiological responses during MI, and no one questions the influence of low-level contraction on these responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuromuscular, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and cardiometabolic changes associated with an acute bout of MI practice in sitting and standing condition. Twelve young healthy males (26.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in two experimental sessions (control vs. MI) consisting of two postural conditions (sitting vs. standing). ANS, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body sway parameters, and electromyography activity were continuously recorded, while neuromuscular parameters were recorded on the right triceps surae muscles before and after performing the postural conditions. While MI showed no effect on ANS, the standing posture increased the indices of sympathetic system activity and decreased those of the parasympathetic system (p < 0.05). Moreover, MI during standing induced greater spinal excitability compared to sitting posture (p < 0.05), which was accompanied with greater oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, ventilation, and lower cardiac output (p < 0.05). Asking individuals to perform MI of an isometric contraction while standing allows them to mentally focus on the motor command, not challenge balance, and produce specific cardiometabolic responses. Therefore, these results provide further evidence of posture and MI-related modulation of spinal excitability with additional autonomic and cardiometabolic responses in healthy young men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Grosprêtre
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre of Koper, Koper, Slovenia.,Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea-ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- EA4660-C3S Laboratory - Culture, Sports, Health and Society, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gael Ennequin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases, and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Laurie Isacco
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CRNH, AME2P, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA3920-Prognostic Markers and Regulatory Factors of Heart and Vascular Diseases, and Exercise Performance, Health, Innovation Platform, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Minamisawa T, Chiba N, Suzuki E. Intra- and Intermuscular Coherence and Body Acceleration Control in Older Adults during Bipedal Stance. Geriatrics (Basel) 2021; 6:geriatrics6040114. [PMID: 34940339 PMCID: PMC8701399 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics6040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to clarify the effect of aging on the coherence of electromyograms of plantar flexor pairs during bipedal stance and to clarify the relationship between coherence and center-of-mass acceleration (COMacc). The subjects were 16 adults and 18 older adults. Intra- and intermuscular coherence and phase analyses were used to analyze the muscle pairs of bilateral and unilateral plantar flexor muscle groups. The relationship between coherence value and anterior-posterior COMacc of the plantar flexor muscle pairs was also examined to determine whether the connectivity of the lower limb muscle pairs is functionally important. The older adults showed higher coherence in the frequency range of 0-4 Hz for muscle pairs than the younger adults. In phase analysis, the older adults showed a phase difference between bilateral heteronymous muscle pairs in the frequency range of 0-6 Hz, which was one of the characteristics not seen in the younger adults. Correlation analysis showed that all the muscle pairs were moderately correlated with COMacc in the older adults. Not only does aging affects the organization of the bilateral and unilateral postural muscle activity of the plantar flexors during bipedal stance, but such organization may also be related to the increased COMacc characteristics of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Minamisawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 260 Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-23-686-6639
| | - Noboru Chiba
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 260 Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan;
| | - Eizaburo Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 260 Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quijoux F, Nicolaï A, Chairi I, Bargiotas I, Ricard D, Yelnik A, Oudre L, Bertin‐Hugault F, Vidal P, Vayatis N, Buffat S, Audiffren J. A review of center of pressure (COP) variables to quantify standing balance in elderly people: Algorithms and open-access code. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15067. [PMID: 34826208 PMCID: PMC8623280 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural control is often quantified by recording the trajectory of the center of pressure (COP)-also called stabilogram-during human quiet standing. This quantification has many important applications, such as the early detection of balance degradation to prevent falls, a crucial task whose relevance increases with the aging of the population. Due to the complexity of the quantification process, the analyses of sway patterns have been performed empirically using a number of variables, such as ellipse confidence area or mean velocity. This study reviews and compares a wide range of state-of-the-art variables that are used to assess the risk of fall in elderly from a stabilogram. When appropriate, we discuss the hypothesis and mathematical assumptions that underlie these variables, and we propose a reproducible method to compute each of them. Additionally, we provide a statistical description of their behavior on two datasets recorded in two elderly populations and with different protocols, to hint at typical values of these variables. First, the balance of 133 elderly individuals, including 32 fallers, was measured on a relatively inexpensive, portable force platform (Wii Balance Board, Nintendo) with a 25-s open-eyes protocol. Second, the recordings of 76 elderly individuals, from an open access database commonly used to test static balance analyses, were used to compute the values of the variables on 60-s eyes-open recordings with a research laboratory standard force platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Quijoux
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- ORPEA GroupPuteauxFrance
| | - Alice Nicolaï
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Ikram Chairi
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Groupe MSDAUniversité Mohammed VI PolytechniqueBenguerirMaroc
| | - Ioannis Bargiotas
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Damien Ricard
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Service de Neurologie de l’Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées de PercySSAClamartFrance
- Ecole du Val‐de‐GrâceEcole de Santé des ArméesParisFrance
| | - Alain Yelnik
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- PRM DepartmentGH Lariboisière F. WidalAP‐HPUniversité de ParisUMR 8257ParisFrance
| | - Laurent Oudre
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Pierre‐Paul Vidal
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Institute of Information and ControlHangzhou Dianzi UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Nicolas Vayatis
- Centre Borelli UMR 9010/Université Paris‐SaclayENS Paris‐SaclayCNRSSSA, InsermUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Stéphane Buffat
- Laboratoire d’accidentologie de biomécanique et du comportement des conducteursGIE Psa Renault GroupesNanterreFrance
| | - Julien Audiffren
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jo D, Bilodeau M. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in studies of fatigue-induced postural control alterations in healthy adults: Scoping review of quantitative evidence. Gait Posture 2021; 90:167-178. [PMID: 34492503 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amongst the literature researching the effects of exercise-induced fatigue on postural control in healthy adults, many studies have used the Borg scales to document the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and have shown a broad range of RPE values. Our main aim was to map fatigue-induced RPE values in included publications. Secondary aims were to summarize the preference and purpose for the use of Borg scales within the included publications and to explore the potential associations between fatigue-induced RPE values and postural control changes. METHODS Five databases (Ovid Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched for synthesizing data among the publications that reported RPE values on the Borg RPE- and Category-Ratio (CR) 10 scales and also found fatigue effects on postural control in healthy adults. Spearman's rank correlations were conducted to assess potential associations between fatigue-induced RPE values and maximal postural control changes across the included publications (group data). RESULTS 45 of 51 studies included in this review reported maximal RPE values following exercise and ranged from 10.4-20 (6-20 Borg RPE) or 0.9-10 (CR10) indicating "very light" or "very weak" to "maximal" exertions. The 6-20 Borg and CR10 scales were mainly used to assess cardiovascular and muscular exertion, respectively. The scales were used mostly to estimate fatigue levels (n = 45), and to a lesser extent to produce a specific exercise intensity (n = 5) and as the criterion for exercise termination (n = 1). In general, there was no significant association between RPE and postural control changes across studies. CONCLUSION The broad range of RPE values and weak correlations may suggest that various fatigue levels can lead to postural control changes. However, one should be careful in comparing the extent of fatigue from RPE values and its potential effect on postural control in the light of many confounding factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donguk Jo
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.
| | - Martin Bilodeau
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Aging and Movement Laboratory, Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Minamisawa T, Chiba N, Suzuki E. Association of bilateral lower limb coordination while standing with body sway control and aging. Somatosens Mot Res 2021; 38:294-302. [PMID: 34496708 DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1973402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coordinated movements of both lower limbs may be a clinically important indicator of motor control during quiet standing. From a neurological point of view, it is known that extensive coupling of muscles must be coordinated an upright posture. However, movement coordination between the lower limbs is the final motor output, is unknown. In this study, we focussed on the ground reaction force (GRF) vector and clarified the time and frequency characteristics of the force vectors of both lower limbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 healthy young adults and 18 healthy older adults participated and placed each bare foot on one of two force plates to measure the GRF vectors (i.e., anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical) of each lower limb and determine the centre of mass (COM) acceleration in the anteroposterior direction (COMacc). Characteristics of the coordination of both lower limbs during movements were analysed using coherence analysis and cross-correlation function analysis (CCF). RESULTS The coherence levels of the force vectors of both lower limbs were higher in all three directions and significantly increased in the older adults. CCF analysis showed that the force vectors of both lower limbs were negatively correlated at the zero-time lag. Moreover, a weak correlation was observed between COMacc and coherence values. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of bilateral lower limb connectivity using force vectors can be used as an evaluation method to reflect changes in the ability to control bipedal standing during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Minamisawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Noboru Chiba
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Suzuki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Palmer JA, Payne AM, Ting LH, Borich MR. Cortical Engagement Metrics During Reactive Balance Are Associated With Distinct Aspects of Balance Behavior in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:684743. [PMID: 34335230 PMCID: PMC8317134 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.684743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heightened reliance on the cerebral cortex for postural stability with aging is well-known, yet the cortical mechanisms for balance control, particularly in relation to balance function, remain unclear. Here we aimed to investigate motor cortical activity in relation to the level of balance challenge presented during reactive balance recovery and identify circuit-specific interactions between motor cortex and prefrontal or somatosensory regions in relation to metrics of balance function that predict fall risk. Using electroencephalography, we assessed motor cortical beta power, and beta coherence during balance reactions to perturbations in older adults. We found that individuals with greater motor cortical beta power evoked following standing balance perturbations demonstrated lower general clinical balance function. Individual older adults demonstrated a wide range of cortical responses during balance reactions at the same perturbation magnitude, showing no group-level change in prefrontal- or somatosensory-motor coherence in response to perturbations. However, older adults with the highest prefrontal-motor coherence during the post-perturbation, but not pre-perturbation, period showed greater cognitive dual-task interference (DTI) and elicited stepping reactions at lower perturbation magnitudes. Our results support motor cortical beta activity as a potential biomarker for individual level of balance challenge and implicate prefrontal-motor cortical networks in distinct aspects of balance control involving response inhibition of reactive stepping in older adults. Cortical network activity during balance may provide a neural target for precision-medicine efforts aimed at fall prevention with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Palmer
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aiden M. Payne
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lena H. Ting
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael R. Borich
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Datoussaid M, El Khalouqi H, Dahm C, Guissard N, Baudry S. Passive torque influences the Hoffmann reflex pathway during the loading and unloading phases of plantar flexor muscles stretching. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14834. [PMID: 33932117 PMCID: PMC8087990 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of passive tension on Hoffmann reflex during the loading (muscle stretched by passive joint movement) and unloading phase (joint returned to initial position) of muscle stretching. The maximal H‐reflex amplitude (Hmax) was recorded in soleus in 19 young adults during the loading and unloading phases of a passive 30° dorsiflexion, from 90° ankle angle (reference position). Hmax was evoked at similar angles (protocol‐1) or similar passive torque (PT; protocol‐2) during the loading and unloading phases, or during two loading phases separated by a 5‐min stretch hold at 30° ankle dorsiflexion relative to the reference position (protocol‐3). Homosynaptic depression (HD) was assessed with paired H reflexes (0.5‐s interstimulus interval) during the loading and unloading phases (protocol‐4; n=13). In protocol‐1, PT was lesser and Hmax greater during the unloading than the loading phase (p < 0.001). In protocol‐2, no difference in Hmax was observed between phases. In protocol‐3, PT was lesser and Hmax greater during the second than the first loading phase (p < 0.001). Changes in PT during in these three protocols were associated with those in Hmax (r2 ≥ 0.97). In protocol‐4, HD increased and decreased during the loading and unloading phases, respectively (p < 0.001), without differing between phases. Additional experiments (n=12) showed a similar modulation of Hmax in gastrocnemius medialis during loading and unloading phases, while muscle fascicle length did not differ between phases. This study indicates that the H‐reflex modulation during muscle stretching relies in part on mechanisms associated with the PT developed by the muscle‐tendon unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Datoussaid
- Laboratory of Applied Biology & Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hasnae El Khalouqi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology & Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charel Dahm
- Laboratory of Applied Biology & Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Guissard
- Laboratory of Applied Biology & Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology & Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Filho SS, Coelho DB, Ugrinowitsch C, de Souza CR, Magalhães FH, de Lima-Pardini AC, de Oliveira ÉMB, Mattos E, Teixeira LA, Silva-Batista C. Age-Related Changes in Presynaptic Inhibition During Gait Initiation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:568-575. [PMID: 33428714 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in presynaptic inhibition (PSI) have not been observed during gait initiation, which requires anticipatory postural adjustment (APA). As APA is centrally modulated and is impaired in older compared to young adults, here we aimed to study the presynaptic control and co-contraction levels in the ankle muscles during gait initiation in older compared to young adults. Fifteen older (age range 65-80 years) and 15 young adults (age range 19-30 years) performed a gait initiation task on a force platform under 3 conditions: (i) without electrical stimulation; (ii) test Hoffman reflex (H-reflex); and (iii) conditioned H-reflex. H-reflexes were evoked on the soleus muscle when the APA amplitude exceeded 10%-20% of the average baseline mediolateral force. Participants also performed quiet stance as a control task. Results showed that both age groups presented similar PSI levels during quiet stance (p = .941), while in the gait initiation older adults presented higher PSI levels, longer duration, and lower amplitude of APA than young adults (p < .05). Older adults presented higher co-contraction ratio in both tasks than young adults (p < .05). Correlations between the PSI levels and the APA amplitude (r = -0.61, p = .008), and between the PSI levels and the co-contraction ratio during gait initiation (r = -0.64, p = .005) were found for older adults only. APA amplitude explained 49% of the variance of the PSI levels (p = .003). Our findings suggest that older compared to young adults have increased presynaptic control to compensate for the decreased supraspinal modulation on impaired APAs during gait initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solival Santos Filho
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Ribeiro de Souza
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Mattos
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Quijoux F, Vienne-Jumeau A, Bertin-Hugault F, Zawieja P, Lefèvre M, Vidal PP, Ricard D. Center of pressure displacement characteristics differentiate fall risk in older people: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101117. [PMID: 32565327 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Falling is the second most prevalent cause of accidental death in the world. Currently available clinical tests to assess balance in older people are insufficiently sensitive to screen for fall risk in this population. Laboratory tests that record the center of pressure (COP) trajectory could overcome this problem but despite their widespread use, the choice of COP trajectory features for use as a biomarker of fall risk lacks consensus. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at identifying the best COP characteristics to predict risk of falling in older adults. More than 4000 articles were screened; 44 (7176 older adults) were included in this study. Several COP parameters emerged as good indices to discriminate fallers from non-fallers. From sensitivity analysis, Sway area per unit time, anteroposterior mean velocity, and radial mean velocity were the best traditional features. In this study, identification of older people with a high fall risk was demonstrated using quiet-standing recordings. Such screening would also be useful for routine follow-up of balance changes in older fallers in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
26
|
Howells J, Sangari S, Matamala JM, Kiernan MC, Marchand-Pauvert V, Burke D. Interrogating interneurone function using threshold tracking of the H reflex in healthy subjects and patients with motor neurone disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1986-1996. [PMID: 32336595 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The excitability of the lower motoneurone pool is traditionally tested using the H reflex and a constant-stimulus paradigm, which measures changes in the amplitude of the reflex response. This technique has limitations because reflex responses of different size must involve the recruitment or inhibition of different motoneurones. The threshold-tracking technique ensures that the changes in excitability occur for an identical population of motoneurones. We aimed to assess this technique and then apply it in patients with motor neurone disease (MND). METHODS The threshold-tracking approach was assessed in 17 healthy subjects and 11 patients with MND. The soleus H reflex was conditioned by deep peroneal nerve stimulation producing reciprocal Ia and so-called D1 and D2 inhibitions, which are believed to reflect presynaptic inhibition of soleus Ia afferents. RESULTS Threshold tracking was quicker than the constant-stimulus technique and reliable, properties that may be advantageous for clinical studies. D1 inhibition was significantly reduced in patients with MND. CONCLUSIONS Threshold tracking is useful and may be preferable under some conditions for studying the excitability of the motoneurone pool. The decreased D1 inhibition in the patients suggests that presynaptic inhibition may be reduced in MND. SIGNIFICANCE Reduced presynaptic inhibition could be evidence of an interneuronopathy in MND. It is possible that the hyperreflexia is a spinal pre-motoneuronal disorder, and not definitive evidence of corticospinal involvement in MND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Howells
- Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, Australia
| | - Sina Sangari
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - José Manuel Matamala
- Department of Neurological Science and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain & Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, Australia
| | | | - David Burke
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and The University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giboin L, Tokuno C, Kramer A, Henry M, Gruber M. Motor learning induces time‐dependent plasticity that is observable at the spinal cord level. J Physiol 2020; 598:1943-1963. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis‐Solal Giboin
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab Human Performance Research Centre Department of Sport Science University of Konstanz Kinstanz Germany
| | - Craig Tokuno
- Department of Kinesiology Brock University St Catharines ON Canada
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab Human Performance Research Centre Department of Sport Science University of Konstanz Kinstanz Germany
| | - Mélanie Henry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology ULB Neuroscience Institute Université libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Markus Gruber
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab Human Performance Research Centre Department of Sport Science University of Konstanz Kinstanz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lira JLO, Ugrinowitsch C, Coelho DB, Teixeira LA, de Lima-Pardini AC, Magalhães FH, Barbosa ER, Horak FB, Silva-Batista C. Loss of presynaptic inhibition for step initiation in parkinsonian individuals with freezing of gait. J Physiol 2020; 598:1611-1624. [PMID: 32020612 DOI: 10.1113/jp279068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Individuals with freezing of gait (FoG) due to Parkinson's disease (PD) have small and long anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) associated with delayed step initiation. Individuals with FoG ('freezers') may require functional reorganization of spinal mechanisms to perform APAs due to supraspinal dysfunction. As presynaptic inhibition (PSI) is centrally modulated to allow execution of supraspinal motor commands, it may be deficient in freezers during APAs. We show that freezers presented PSI in quiet stance (control task), but they presented loss of PSI (i.e. higher ratio of the conditioned H-reflex relative to the test H-reflex) during APAs before step initiation (functional task), whereas non-freezers and healthy control individuals presented PSI in both the tasks. The loss of PSI in freezers was associated with both small APA amplitudes and FoG severity. We hypothesize that loss of PSI during APAs for step initiation in freezers may be due to FoG. ABSTRACT Freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease involves deficient anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), resulting in a cessation of step initiation due to supraspinal dysfunction. Individuals with FoG ('freezers') may require functional reorganization of spinal mechanisms to perform APAs. As presynaptic inhibition (PSI) is centrally modulated to allow execution of supraspinal motor commands, here we hypothesized a loss of PSI in freezers during APA for step initiation, which would be associated with FoG severity. Seventy individuals [27 freezers, 22 non-freezers, and 21 age-matched healthy controls (HC)] performed a 'GO'-commanded step initiation task on a force platform under three conditions: (1) without electrical stimulation, (2) test Hoffman reflex (H-reflex) and (3) conditioned H-reflex. They also performed a control task (quiet stance). In the step initiation task, the H-reflexes were evoked on the soleus muscle when the amplitude of the APA exceeded 10-20% of the mean baseline mediolateral force. PSI was quantified by the ratio of the conditioned H-reflex relative to the test H-reflex in both the tasks. Objective assessment of FoG severity (FoG-ratio) was performed. Freezers presented lower PSI levels during quiet stance than non-freezers and HC (P < 0.05). During step initiation, freezers presented loss of PSI and lower APA amplitudes than non-freezers and HC (P < 0.05). Significant correlations were only found for freezers between loss of PSI and FoG-ratio (r = 0.59, P = 0.0005) and loss of PSI and APA amplitude (r = -0.35, P < 0.036). Our findings suggest that loss of PSI for step initiation in freezers may be due to FoG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.,Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Henrique Magalhães
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Borzuola R, Giombini A, Torre G, Campi S, Albo E, Bravi M, Borrione P, Fossati C, Macaluso A. Central and Peripheral Neuromuscular Adaptations to Ageing. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030741. [PMID: 32182904 PMCID: PMC7141192 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by a severe muscle function decline presumably caused by structural and functional adaptations at the central and peripheral level. Although researchers have reported an extensive analysis of the alterations involving muscle intrinsic properties, only a limited number of studies have recognised the importance of the central nervous system, and its reorganisation, on neuromuscular decline. Neural changes, such as degeneration of the human cortex and function of spinal circuitry, as well as the remodelling of the neuromuscular junction and motor units, appear to play a fundamental role in muscle quality decay and culminate with considerable impairments in voluntary activation and motor performance. Modern diagnostic techniques have provided indisputable evidence of a structural and morphological rearrangement of the central nervous system during ageing. Nevertheless, there is no clear insight on how such structural reorganisation contributes to the age-related functional decline and whether it is a result of a neural malfunction or serves as a compensatory mechanism to preserve motor control and performance in the elderly population. Combining leading-edge techniques such as high-density surface electromyography (EMG) and improved diagnostic procedures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or high-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) could be essential to address the unresolved controversies and achieve an extensive understanding of the relationship between neural adaptations and muscle decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Borzuola
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Arrigo Giombini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Guglielmo Torre
- Department of Orthopaedic And Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +6-225-418-825
| | - Stefano Campi
- Department of Orthopaedic And Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Erika Albo
- Department of Orthopaedic And Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (E.A.)
| | - Marco Bravi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Macaluso
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (A.G.); (P.B.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Le Mouel C, Brette R. Anticipatory coadaptation of ankle stiffness and sensorimotor gain for standing balance. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007463. [PMID: 31756199 PMCID: PMC6897426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
External perturbation forces may compromise standing balance. The nervous system can intervene only after a delay greater than 100 ms, during which the body falls freely. With ageing, sensorimotor delays are prolonged, posing a critical threat to balance. We study a generic model of stabilisation with neural delays to understand how the organism should adapt to challenging balance conditions. The model suggests that ankle stiffness should be increased in anticipation of perturbations, for example by muscle co-contraction, so as to slow down body fall during the neural response delay. Increased ankle muscle co-contraction is indeed observed in young adults when standing in challenging balance conditions, and in older relative to young adults during normal stance. In parallel, the analysis of the model shows that increases in either stiffness or neural delay must be coordinated with decreases in spinal sensorimotor gains, otherwise the feedback itself becomes destabilizing. Accordingly, a decrease in spinal feedback is observed in challenging conditions, and with age-related increases in neural delay. These observations have been previously interpreted as indicating an increased reliance on cortical rather than spinal control of balance, despite the fact that cortical responses have a longer latency. Our analysis challenges this interpretation by showing that these observations are consistent with a functional coadaptation of spinal feedback gains to functional changes in stiffness and neural delay. Being able to stand still can be difficult when faced with an unexpected push. It takes the nervous system more than a tenth of a second to respond to such a perturbation, and during this delay the body falls under the influence of its own weight. By co-contracting their ankle muscles in anticipation of a perturbation, subjects can increase their ankle stiffness, which slows down their fall during the neural delay. Young subjects indeed adopt this strategy when they need to remain particularly still (for example when they stand in front of a cliff). Older subjects adopt this strategy even during normal standing. We present a model of standing balance that shows that this postural strategy provides partial compensation for the increase in neural delays with ageing. According to our model, increasing ankle stiffness only improves balance if it is accompanied by a decrease in sensorimotor gain. This provides a novel and functional interpretation for the decrease in spinal feedback observed during ageing, and observed in young subjects when they stand in challenging balance conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Le Mouel
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany.,Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, rue Moreau, Paris, France
| | - Romain Brette
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, rue Moreau, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Souron R, Baudry S, Millet GY, Lapole T. Vibration‐induced depression in spinal loop excitability revisited. J Physiol 2019; 597:5179-5193. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- Univ LyonUJM Saint‐EtienneInter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424 F‐42023 Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied BiologyResearch Unit in Applied NeurophysiologyULB Neuroscience InstituteUniversité Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
| | - Guillaume Y. Millet
- Univ LyonUJM Saint‐EtienneInter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424 F‐42023 Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ LyonUJM Saint‐EtienneInter‐university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology EA 7424 F‐42023 Saint‐Etienne France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Henry M, Baudry S. Age-related changes in leg proprioception: implications for postural control. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:525-538. [PMID: 31166819 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00067.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to being a prerequisite for many activities of daily living, the ability to maintain steady upright standing is a relevant model to study sensorimotor integrative function. Upright standing requires managing multimodal sensory inputs to produce finely tuned motor output that can be adjusted to accommodate changes in standing conditions and environment. The sensory information used for postural control mainly arises from the vestibular system of the inner ear, vision, and proprioception. Proprioception (sense of body position and movement) encompasses signals from mechanoreceptors (proprioceptors) located in muscles, tendons, and joint capsules. There is general agreement that proprioception signals from leg muscles provide the primary source of information for postural control. This is because of their exquisite sensitivity to detect body sway during unperturbed upright standing that mainly results from variations in leg muscle length induced by rotations around the ankle joint. However, aging is associated with alterations of muscle spindles and their neural pathways, which induce a decrease in the sensitivity, acuity, and integration of the proprioceptive signal. These alterations promote changes in postural control that reduce its efficiency and thereby may have deleterious consequences for the functional independence of an individual. This narrative review provides an overview of how aging alters the proprioceptive signal from the legs and presents compelling evidence that these changes modify the neural control of upright standing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Henry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Doumas M, Valkanidis TC, Hatzitaki V. Putting proprioception for balance to the test: Contrasting and combining sway referencing and tendon vibration. Gait Posture 2019; 67:201-206. [PMID: 30368206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural control relies on sensory information from visual, vestibular and proprioceptive channels, with proprioception being the key sensory modality in this task. Two well-established ways of manipulating proprioceptive information in postural control are tendon vibration and sway referencing. The aim of the present study was to assess postural adaptation when inaccurate proprioceptive information is introduced using tendon vibration and sway referencing in isolation and combination. METHODS Seventeen young adults were asked to stand, without vision, for 2 min on a fixed surface (baseline) immediately followed by 3 min of bilateral Achilles tendon vibration, sway reference, or combined presentation of the two manipulations (adaptation) and finally 3 min of standing on a fixed surface (aftereffect). RESULTS During adaptation, vibration showed the lowest sway variability, followed by sway reference and the combined condition. Spectral analyses focusing on the dominant frequencies in this task (0-0.4 Hz) showed that in the first half of adaptation sway amplitude was greater when the two manipulations were combined compared with each manipulation alone. However, in the second half differences between sway reference and the combined condition disappeared but differences between vibration and the other two conditions increased. CONCLUSION We interpret these findings primarily as due to a prolonged attenuation in effects of vibration over the course of the adaptation phase and we offer two explanations for this phenomenon. One is a decline in neurotransmitter release from the group Ia terminals and the other is sensory reweighting which down-weights proprioception and up-weights the accurate, vestibular information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michail Doumas
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Vassilia Hatzitaki
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Physical Activity, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Watanabe T, Saito K, Ishida K, Tanabe S, Nojima I. Fatigue-induced decline in low-frequency common input to bilateral and unilateral plantar flexors during quiet standing. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:193-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
35
|
Hortobágyi T, van de Waardt LE, Tokuno CD, Taube W, Papegaaij S. Age-related reversal of spinal excitability during anticipatory postural control. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2577-2585. [PMID: 30182185 PMCID: PMC6244700 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction An internal perturbation of standing balance activates muscles critical for maintaining balance and is preceded by anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). In healthy younger adults, a measure of spinal excitability in the form of the Hoffmann (H) reflex becomes depressed during APAs but how aging affects the reflex control of APAs is unknown. Methods We compared H reflex excitability profiles in the right soleus muscle, indirectly indicating APA, between younger (n = 11, age 19–24 years), middle-aged (n = 10, age 37–56 years), and older healthy adults (n = 11, age 63–78 years). Subjects rapidly raised the right-dominant arm in response to an auditory cue. The H reflex was evoked 120 ms, 100 ms, 80 ms, 60 ms, 40 ms, 20 ms, and 0 ms before as well as 20 ms after the onset of the right anterior deltoid muscle activation. For data processing, each trial was controlled for the corresponding background EMG activity before normalizing the standing data to the data in sitting in the 8 time bins. Results All subjects showed a silent period in the soleus background electromyographic activity, suggesting the presence of APA. We found that the stereotypical H reflex depression associated with APAs in younger adults was reduced in middle-aged adults and reversed to facilitation in older adults. The depression occurred in 10 out of 11 younger adults, whereas all 11 older adults exhibited facilitation. Conclusion Because APAs are organized at the supraspinal level, we speculate a supraspinal origin of the age-related reflex facilitation during APAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Lajenda E van de Waardt
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Craig D Tokuno
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Sport and Movement Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Selma Papegaaij
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tokuno CD, Keller M, Carpenter MG, Márquez G, Taube W. Alterations in the cortical control of standing posture during varying levels of postural threat and task difficulty. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:1010-1016. [PMID: 29790833 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00709.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical excitability increases during the performance of more difficult postural tasks. However, it is possible that changes in postural threat associated with more difficult tasks may in themselves lead to alterations in the neural strategies underlying postural control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in postural threat are responsible for the alterations in corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) that occur with increasing postural task difficulty. Fourteen adults completed three postural tasks (supported standing, free standing, or standing on an unstable board) at two surface heights (ground level or 3 m above ground). Single- and paired-pulse magnetic stimuli were applied to the motor cortex to compare soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) test motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and SICI between conditions. SOL and TA test MEPs increased from 0.35 ± 0.29 to 0.82 ± 0.41 mV (SOL) and from 0.64 ± 0.51 to 1.96 ± 1.45 mV (TA), respectively, whereas SICI decreased from 52.4 ± 17.2% to 39.6 ± 15.4% (SOL) and from 71.3 ± 17.7% to 50.3 ± 19.9% (TA) with increasing task difficulty. In contrast to the effects of task difficulty, only SOL test MEPs were smaller when participants stood at high (0.49 ± 0.29 mV) compared with low height (0.61 ± 0.40 mV). Because the presence of postural threat did not lead to any additional changes in the excitability of the motor corticospinal pathway and intracortical inhibition with increasing task difficulty, it seems unlikely that alterations in perceived threat are primarily responsible for the neurophysiological changes that are observed with increasing postural task difficulty. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined how task difficulty and postural threat influence the cortical control of posture. Results indicated that the motor corticospinal pathway and intracortical inhibition were modulated more by task difficulty than postural threat. Furthermore, because the presence of postural threat during the performance of various postural tasks did not lead to summative changes in motor-evoked potentials, alterations in perceived threat are not responsible for the neurophysiological changes that occur with increasing postural task difficulty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig D Tokuno
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University , St. Catharines, Ontario , Canada
| | - Martin Keller
- Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland.,Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Mark G Carpenter
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Gonzalo Márquez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Catholic University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Movement and Sport Sciences, Department of Neurosciences and Movement Sciences, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Watanabe T, Saito K, Ishida K, Tanabe S, Nojima I. Age-Related Declines in the Ability to Modulate Common Input to Bilateral and Unilateral Plantar Flexors During Forward Postural Lean. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:254. [PMID: 29988551 PMCID: PMC6026674 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can impair an ability to lean the body forward to the edge of the base of support. Here, we investigated, using a coherence analysis, common inputs to bilateral and unilateral plantar flexor muscles to test a hypothesis that the age-related impairment would be related to strong synchronous bilateral activation and reduced cortical control of these muscles. Healthy young (n = 14) and elderly adults (n = 19), who were all right-foot dominant, performed quiet standing task and tasks that required the subjects to lean their body forward to 35 and 75% of the maximum lean distance. The electromyogram was recorded from the bilateral medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SL) muscles. We analyzed delta-band coherence, that reflects comodulation of muscle activity, between the bilateral homologous muscles (MG-MG and SL-SL pairs). The origin of this bilateral comodulation is suggested to be the subcortical system. Also, we examined beta-band coherence, that is related to the corticospinal drive, between the unilateral muscles (MG-SL pair) in the right leg. Results indicated that the bilateral delta-band coherence for the MG-MG pair was significantly smaller in the 75% forward lean than quiet standing and 35% forward lean tasks for the young adults (quiet: p = 0.036; 35%: p = 0.0011). The bilateral delta-band coherence for the SL-SL pair was significantly smaller in the 75% forward lean than 35% forward lean task for the young adults (p = 0.027). Furthermore, the unilateral beta-band coherence was larger in the forward lean than quiet standing task for the young adults (35%: p < 0.001; 75%: p = 0.029). Contrarily, the elderly adults did not demonstrate such changes. These findings suggest the importance of decreasing the synchronous bilateral activation and increasing the unilateral cortical control of the plantar flexor muscles for the successful forward postural lean performance, and that aging impairs this modulatory ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ippei Nojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Merlet AN, Cattagni T, Cornu C, Jubeau M. Effect of knee angle on neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor muscles: A reliability study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195220. [PMID: 29596480 PMCID: PMC5875874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of neuromuscular assessment of plantar flexor (PF) muscles at three knee angles. METHODS Twelve young adults were tested for three knee angles (90°, 30° and 0°) and at three time points separated by 1 hour (intra-session) and 7 days (inter-session). Electrical (H reflex, M wave) and mechanical (evoked and maximal voluntary torque, activation level) parameters were measured on the PF muscles. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation were calculated to determine intra- and inter-session reliability. RESULTS The mechanical measurements presented excellent (ICC>0.75) intra- and inter-session reliabilities regardless of the knee angle considered. The reliability of electrical measurements was better for the 90° knee angle compared to the 0° and 30° angles. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the knee angle may influence the reliability of neuromuscular assessments, which indicates the importance of considering the knee angle to collect consistent outcomes on the PF muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angèle N. Merlet
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Cattagni
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
- Inserm Unit 1179, Team 3: Technologies and Innovative Therapies Applied to Neuromuscular diseases, UVSQ. CIC 805, Physiology-Functional Testing Ward, AP-HP, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Laboratory Movement, Interactions, Performance, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alghamdi A, Shawki M. The effect of kinesio taping on balance control and functional performance in athletes with chronic ankle instability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/mojor.2018.10.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Increasing mediolateral standing sway is associated with increasing corticospinal excitability, and decreasing M1 inhibition and facilitation. Gait Posture 2018; 60:135-140. [PMID: 29202358 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In standing, corticospinal excitability increases and primary motor cortex (M1) inhibition decreases in response to anterior posterior or direction unspecific manipulations that increase task difficulty. However, mediolateral (ML) sway control requires greater active neural involvement. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of change in neural excitability when ML postural task difficulty is manipulated and to test whether the neural excitability is proportional to ML sway magnitude across conditions. Tibialis anterior corticospinal excitability was quantified using motor evoked potential (MEP) and postural sway was indexed using ML center of pressure (COP) velocity. Additionally, we examined inhibition and facilitation processes in the primary motor cortex using the paired pulse short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) techniques respectively. Measurements were repeated in four conditions with quiet stance as a control. Differences between conditions were tested using one-way repeated measures ANOVAs, on log transformed data. Associations were quantified using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. There was a significant main effect of condition on all the neural excitability measures with MEP (p<0.001) being highest in the most difficult condition, and SICI (p=0.01), ICF (p<0.001) being lowest in the most difficult condition. Increasing ML COP velocity was significantly associated with increasing MEP amplitude (r=0.68, p<0.001), but decreasing SICI (r=0.24, p=0.03) and ICF (r=-0.54, p<0.001). Our results show that both corticospinal and M1 excitability in standing are scaled in proportion to ML task difficulty.
Collapse
|
41
|
Ankle muscle activity modulation during single-leg stance differs between children, young adults and seniors. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:239-247. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
42
|
Souron R, Besson T, Lapole T, Millet GY. Neural adaptations in quadriceps muscle after 4 weeks of local vibration training in young versus older subjects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:427-436. [PMID: 29172028 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a 4-week local vibration training (LVT) on the function of the knee extensors and corticospinal properties in healthy young and older subjects. Seventeen subjects (9 young and 8 older) performed 3 testing sessions: before (PRE1) and after (PRE2) a 4-week resting period to control the repeatability of the data as well as after the LVT (POST). Jump performance, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and electromyographic (EMG) activity on vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles were assessed. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allowed evaluation of cortical voluntary activation (VATMS), motor evoked potential (MEP) area, and silent period (SP) duration. All training adaptations were similar between young and older subjects (p > 0.05) and the following results reflect the pooled sample of subjects. MVC (+11.9% ± 8.0%, p < 0.001) and VATMS (+3.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.004) were significantly increased at POST compared with PRE2. Maximal vastus lateralis EMG was significantly increased at POST (+21.9% ± 33.7%, p = 0.03). No changes were reported for MEPs on both muscles (p > 0.05). SPs recorded during maximal and submaximal contractions decreased in both muscles at POST (p < 0.05). Vertical jump performance was increased at POST (p < 0.05). LVT seems as effective in young as in older subjects to improve maximal functional capacities through neural modulations occurring at least partly at the supra-spinal level. Local vibration may be used as an efficient alternative training method to improve muscular performance in both healthy young and older subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Souron
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,b Université de Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thibault Besson
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,b Université de Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- b Université de Lyon, UJM Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- a Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Spinal and corticospinal pathways are differently modulated when standing at the bottom and the top of a three-step staircase in young and older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1165-1174. [PMID: 28409395 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the modulation of spinal (group Ia afferents) and corticospinal pathways when young (22.7 ± 1.3 years) and older adults (72.2 ± 7.9 years) stood at the bottom and at the top of a three-step staircase equipped with force platforms. METHOD Changes in submaximal H-reflex amplitude (H 50) and slope of the H-reflex input-output relation (spinal pathway), and in amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) triggered by transcranial magnetic stimulation (corticospinal pathway) at two intensities (1.1× and 1.2× motor threshold) were recorded in soleus when subjects stood as steady as possible downstairs and upstairs. The centre of pressure (CoP) excursion was analyzed in the time and frequency domains in both conditions. RESULTS Regardless of age, the mean CoP velocity was greater when standing upstairs (11.1 ± 3.5 mm s-1) than downstairs (9.0 ± 2.3 mm s-1; p = 0.002). The CoP power spectral density (PSD) in the 0-0.5 Hz band was greater upstairs than downstairs (+18.4%; p = 0.03) whereas PSD in the 2-20Hz frequency band was lesser (-41%) upstairs than downstairs (p < 0.001), regardless of age. In both groups, the H 50 amplitude (-30.6%; p < 0.001) and slope of H-reflex input-output relation (-10.2%; p = 0.002) were lesser when standing upstairs than downstairs, whereas no significant difference was observed in MEP amplitude and silent period between balance conditions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate a lower dependence on spinal pathway to control soleus motor neurones when standing upstairs than downstairs accompanied by a change in postural control. This suggests that healthy older adults preserved their ability to adjust postural control to environmental demands.
Collapse
|
44
|
Takeda K, Tanabe S, Koyama S, Ushiroyama K, Naoi Y, Motoya I, Sakurai H, Kanada Y. Influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation conditions on disynaptic reciprocal Ia inhibition and presynaptic inhibition in healthy adults. Somatosens Mot Res 2017; 34:52-57. [DOI: 10.1080/08990220.2017.1286311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takeda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Soichiro Koyama
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Naoi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Motoya
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Kanada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Harwood B, Scherer J, Brown RE, Cornett KMD, Kenno KA, Jakobi JM. Neuromuscular responses of the plantar flexors to whole-body vibration. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1569-1575. [PMID: 28033657 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced physical performance following whole-body vibration (WBV) has been attributed to increased muscle activity; however, few studies have measured the mechanisms underlying these changes. The objective of this study was to measure the responsiveness of the Ia pathway as well as contractile properties in 16 young adults (24±2 years, eight men, eight women) following repeated bouts of acute WBV (45 Hz, 2 mm). Hoffman reflexes (H-reflex), compound muscle action potentials (M-wave), and twitch contractile properties were measured prior to and immediately following five 1-minute WBV exposures, and at 3, 5, 10, and 20 minute post-WBV. M-wave and H-reflex amplitudes decreased by 8% (P<.001) and by 46% (P<.05), respectively, whereas peak twitch torque decreased by 9% (P<.01) and rate of twitch torque development slowed 8% (P<.05). Percent voluntary activation and maximal plantar flexor torque were unchanged as a consequence of WBV (P>.05). In response to acute WBV, the root mean square of the soleus electromyography signal (EMGRMS ) increased by 8%, while the EMGRMS of the lateral gastrocnemius increased by 3% (P<.05). These data indicate that the responsiveness of the Ia pathway is diminished and contractile function is impaired immediately following WBV, and that the neural mechanisms underlying improved performance following WBV lie in alternative hypotheses possibly involving spindle disfacilitation or Golgi afferent modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Harwood
- Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - J Scherer
- Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - R E Brown
- Health and Exercise Science, York University, North York, ON, Canada
| | - K M D Cornett
- Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - K A Kenno
- Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - J M Jakobi
- Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Espeit L, Pavailler S, Lapole T. Effects of compression stockings on ankle muscle H-reflexes during standing. Muscle Nerve 2016; 55:596-598. [PMID: 27783419 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wearing compression stockings (CS) may improve postural stability through additional cutaneous feedback. The aim of this study was to further determine how wearing CS could influence spinal excitability by investigating ankle muscle H-reflexes. METHODS Fifteen subjects were asked to stand barefoot on a rigid floor with their eyes open. H-reflex amplitude was measured in the soleus (SOL), fibularis longus (FL), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with and without CS. Concomitant M-waves and baseline electromyographic activity (EMG) were monitored. RESULTS Baseline EMG activity and concomitant M-wave amplitude remained stable across conditions in all tested muscles. Although CS did not affect the H-reflex in the SOL (+0.8 ± 19.2%; P = 0.77) and FL (-10.0± 33.2%; P = 0.28) muscles, the TA H-reflex was significantly depressed (-21.9% ± 24.0%; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest decreased spinal motoneuron excitability and/or increased presynaptic inhibition of Ia-afferent terminals through increased cutaneous inputs provided by CS while standing. Muscle Nerve 55: 596-598, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loic Espeit
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, SAINT-ETIENNE, France
| | - Sebastien Pavailler
- Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Thomas Lapole
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA 7424, F-42023, SAINT-ETIENNE, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ruffieux J, Keller M, Lauber B, Taube W. Changes in Standing and Walking Performance Under Dual-Task Conditions Across the Lifespan. Sports Med 2016; 45:1739-58. [PMID: 26253187 PMCID: PMC4656695 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous performance of a postural and a concurrent task is rather unproblematic as long as the postural task is executed in an automatic way. However, in situations where postural control requires more central processing, cognitive resources may be exceeded by the addition of an attentionally demanding task. This may lead to interference between the two tasks, manifested in a decreased performance in one or both tasks (dual-task costs). Owing to changes in attentional demands of postural tasks as well as processing capacities across the lifespan, it might be assumed that dual-task costs are particularly pronounced in children and older adults probably leading to a U-shaped pattern for dual-task costs as a function of age. However, these changes in the ability of dual-tasking posture from childhood to old age have not yet been systematically reviewed. Therefore, Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched for studies comparing dual-task performance with one task being standing or walking in healthy groups of young adults and either children or older adults. Seventy-nine studies met inclusion criteria. For older adults, the expected increase in dual-task costs could be confirmed. In contrast, in children there was only feeble evidence for a trend towards enlarged dual-task costs. More good-quality studies comparing dual-task ability in children, young, and, ideally, also older adults within the same paradigm are needed to draw unambiguous conclusions about lifespan development of dual-task performance in postural tasks. There is evidence that, in older adults, dual-task performance can be improved by training. For the other age groups, these effects have yet to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ruffieux
- Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 95, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Keller
- Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 95, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt Lauber
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Schwarzwaldstr. 175, 79117, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Department of Medicine, Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Fribourg, Bd de Pérolles 95, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Baudry S. Aging Changes the Contribution of Spinal and Corticospinal Pathways to Control Balance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2016; 44:104-9. [DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
49
|
Cattagni T, Scaglioni G, Laroche D, Gremeaux V, Martin A. The involvement of ankle muscles in maintaining balance in the upright posture is higher in elderly fallers. Exp Gerontol 2016; 77:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
50
|
Papegaaij S, Baudry S, Négyesi J, Taube W, Hortobágyi T. Intracortical inhibition in the soleus muscle is reduced during the control of upright standing in both young and old adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:959-67. [PMID: 27002819 PMCID: PMC4834104 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In a previous study, we reported that a short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) decreases in old but not in young adults when standing on foam vs. a rigid surface. Here, we examined if such an age by task difficulty interaction in motor cortical excitability also occurs in easier standing tasks. Methods Fourteen young (23 ± 2.7 years) and fourteen old (65 ± 4.1 years) adults received transcranial magnetic brain stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation, while they stood with or without support on a force platform. Results In the soleus, we found that SICI was lower in unsupported (35 % inhibition) vs. supported (50 %) standing (p = 0.007) but similar in young vs. old adults (p = 0.591). In the tibialis anterior, SICI was similar between conditions (p = 0.597) but lower in old (52 %) vs. young (72 %) adults (p = 0.030). Age and standing with or without support did not affect the Hoffmann reflex in the soleus. Conclusions The current data suggest that the motor cortex is involved in standing control, and that its role becomes more prominent with an increase in task difficulty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Papegaaij
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Faculty for Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 640, route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - János Négyesi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, Alkotás utca 44, Budapest, 1123, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Taube
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 8, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| |
Collapse
|