1
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Badaracco AG, Ward E, Barback C, Yang J, Wang J, Huang CH, Kim M, Wang Q, Nam S, Delong J, Blair S, Trogler WC, Kummel A. Indocyanine green modified silica shells for colon tumor marking. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2020; 499:143885. [PMID: 32863496 PMCID: PMC7455021 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Marking colon tumors for surgery is normally done with the use of India ink. However, non-fluorescent dyes such as India ink cannot be imaged below the tissue surface and there is evidence for physiological complications such as abscess, intestinal perforation and inconsistency of dye injection. A novel infrared marker was developed using FDA approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye and ultrathin hollow silica nanoshells (ICG/HSS). Using a positively charged amine linker, ICG was non-covalently adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surface. For ultra-thin wall 100 nm diameter silica shells, a bimodal ICG layer of < 3 nm is was formed. Conversely, for thicker walls on 2 μm diameter silica shells, the ICG layer was only bound to the outer surface and was 6 nm thick. In vitro testing of fluorescent emission showed the particles with the thinner coating were considerably more efficient, which is consistent with self-quenching reducing emission shown in the thicker ICG coatings. Ex-vivo testing showed that ICG bound to the 100 nm hollow silica shells was visible even under 1.5 cm of tissue. In vivo experiments showed that there was no diffusion of the ICG/nanoparticle marker in tissue and it remained imageable for as long as 12 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Garcia Badaracco
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Erin Ward
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ching-Hsin Huang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Moon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Qingxiao Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Seungjin Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Jonathan Delong
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sarah Blair
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William C Trogler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrew Kummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Zhang K, Xua YH, Chen HR. Nanosized Hollow Colloidal Organosilica Nanospheres with High Elasticity for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of Tumors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:248-256. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- The
Institute of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi-xue-yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department
of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Xua
- The
Institute of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi-xue-yuan Road, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
- Department
of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Central Hospital of Xuhui District, 966 Huai-hai-zhong Road, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Hang-Rong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
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3
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Yang J, Ward E, Sung TW, Wang J, Barback C, Mendez N, Blair S, Trogler WC, Kummel AC. Silica Shells/Adhesive Composite Film for Color Doppler Ultrasound Guided Needle Placement. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1780-1787. [PMID: 33429658 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) guided medical devices placement is a widely used clinical technology, yet many factors affect the visualization of these devices in the human body. In this research, an ultrasound-activated film was developed that can be coated on the surface of medical devices. The film contains 2 μm silica microshells and poly(methyl 2-cyanoacrylate) (PMCA) adhesive. The air sealed in the hollow space of the microshells acted as the US contrast agent. Ozone and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFO) were used to treat the surface of the film to enhance the US signals and provide durable antifouling properties for multiple passes through tissue, consistent with the dual oleophobic and hydrophobic nature of PFO. In vitro and in vivo tests showed that hypodermic needles and tumor marking wires coated with US activated film gave strong and persistent color Doppler signals. This technology can significantly improve the visibility of medical devices and the accuracy of US guided medical device placement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin Ward
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States
| | | | | | - Christopher Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 410 Dickinson Street, San Diego, California 92103, United States
| | | | - Sarah Blair
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, California 92103, United States
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Yang J, Wang J, Ta CN, Ward E, Barback CV, Sung TW, Mendez N, Blair SL, Kummel AC, Trogler WC. Ultrasound Responsive Macrophase-Segregated Microcomposite Films for in Vivo Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1719-1727. [PMID: 28001041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is a safe, low-cost, and in situ method for detecting in vivo medical devices. A poly(methyl-2-cyanoacrylate) film containing 2 μm boron-doped, calcined, porous silica microshells was developed as an ultrasound imaging marker for multiple medical devices. A macrophase separation drove the gas-filled porous silica microshells to the top surface of the polymer film by controlled curing of the cyanoacrylate glue and the amount of microshell loading. A thin film of polymer blocked the wall pores of the microshells to seal air in their hollow core, which served as an ultrasound contrast agent. The ultrasound activity disappeared when curing conditions were modified to prevent the macrophase segregation. Phase segregated films were attached to multiple surgical tools and needles and gave strong color Doppler signals in vitro and in vivo with the use of a clinical ultrasound imaging instrument. Postprocessing of the simultaneous color Doppler and B-mode images can be used for autonomous identification of implanted surgical items by correlating the two images. The thin films were also hydrophobic, thereby extending the lifetime of ultrasound signals to hours of imaging in tissues by preventing liquid penetration. This technology can be used as a coating to guide the placement of implantable medical devices or used to image and help remove retained surgical items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Casey N Ta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Erin Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher V Barback
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tsai-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Natalie Mendez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sarah L Blair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Andrew C Kummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William C Trogler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Department of Nanoengineering, §Department of Computer, ∥Department of Surgery, ⊥Department of Radiology, and #Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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5
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Kim M, Lee JH, Kim SE, Kang SS, Tae G. Nanosized Ultrasound Enhanced-Contrast Agent for in Vivo Tumor Imaging via Intravenous Injection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8409-8418. [PMID: 27010717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the detection limit of ultrasound (US) imaging, ultrasound enhanced-contrast agents (UECAs) that can go preferentially to the target tissue such as a tumor and amplify the US signal have been developed. However, nanosized UECAs among various UECAs developed are very limited to clearly demonstrate proper ability for selective tumor detection by US imaging upon their intravenous injection. In this study, we prepared CaCO3 nanoparticles that were formed inside a flexible and biocompatible pluronic-based nanocarrier. This nanosized UECA was stable in serum-containing media and generated CO2, more preferentially at low pH; thus, it could be detected by US imaging. After intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, this nanosized UECA showed a significant US contrast enhancement at the tumor site in 1 h, in contrast to no change in the liver, followed by a rapid clearance from the body in 24 h. Therefore, the present nanosized UECA could be applied as an effective diagnostic modality for in vivo tumor imaging by ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manse Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology , Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, KIST , Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Paefgen V, Doleschel D, Kiessling F. Evolution of contrast agents for ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:197. [PMID: 26441654 PMCID: PMC4584939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently used diagnostic methods. It is a non-invasive, comparably inexpensive imaging method with a broad spectrum of applications, which can be increased even more by using bubbles as contrast agents (CAs). There are various different types of bubbles: filled with different gases, composed of soft- or hard-shell materials, and ranging in size from nano- to micrometers. These intravascular CAs enable functional analyses, e.g., to acquire organ perfusion in real-time. Molecular analyses are achieved by coupling specific ligands to the bubbles' shell, which bind to marker molecules in the area of interest. Bubbles can also be loaded with or attached to drugs, peptides or genes and can be destroyed by US pulses to locally release the entrapped agent. Recent studies show that US CAs are also valuable tools in hyperthermia-induced ablation therapy of tumors, or can increase cellular uptake of locally released drugs by enhancing membrane permeability. This review summarizes important steps in the development of US CAs and introduces the current clinical applications of contrast-enhanced US. Additionally, an overview of the recent developments in US probe design for functional and molecular diagnosis as well as for drug delivery is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, AachenGermany
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7
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Liberman A, Wang J, Lu N, Viveros R, Allen CA, Mattrey R, Blair S, Trogler W, Kim MJ, Kummel A. Mechanically Tunable Hollow Silica Ultrathin Nanoshells for Ultrasound Contrast Agents. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:4049-4057. [PMID: 26955300 PMCID: PMC4778971 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201500610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoropentane (PFP) gas filled biodegradable iron-doped silica nanoshells have been demonstrated as long-lived ultrasound contrast agents. Nanoshells are synthesized by a sol-gel process with tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and iron ethoxide. Substituting a fraction of the TMOS with R-substituted trialkoxysilanes produces ultrathin nanoshells with varying shell thicknesses and morphologies composed of fused nanoflakes. The ultrathin nanoshells had continuous ultrasound Doppler imaging lifetimes exceeding 3 hours, were twice as bright using contrast specific imaging, and had decreased pressure thresholds compared to control nanoshells synthesized with just TMOS. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the R-group substituted trialkoxysilanes could reduce the mechanically critical nanoshell layer to 1.4 nm. These ultrathin nanoshells have the mechanical behavior of weakly linked nanoflakes but the chemical stability of silica. The synthesis can be adapted for general fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructures composed of nanoflakes, which have thicknesses from 1.4-3.8 nm and diameters from 2-23 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Liberman
- Materials Sciences and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - N. Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - R.D. Viveros
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - C. A. Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego
| | - R.F. Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego
| | - S.L. Blair
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego
| | - W.C. Trogler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego
| | - M. J. Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - A.C. Kummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego
- Corresponding Author Info: University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, Mailbox 0358,
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8
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Foroutan F, Jokerst JV, Gambhir SS, Vermesh O, Kim HW, Knowles JC. Sol-gel synthesis and electrospraying of biodegradable (P2O5)55-(CaO)30-(Na2O)15 glass nanospheres as a transient contrast agent for ultrasound stem cell imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1868-1877. [PMID: 25625373 PMCID: PMC4342280 DOI: 10.1021/nn506789y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is a powerful tool in medicine because of the millisecond temporal resolution and submillimeter spatial resolution of acoustic imaging. However, the current generation of acoustic contrast agents is primarily limited to vascular targets due to their large size. Nanosize particles have the potential to be used as a contrast agent for ultrasound molecular imaging. Silica-based nanoparticles have shown promise here; however, their slow degradation rate may limit their applications as a contrast agent. Phosphate-based glasses are an attractive alternative with controllable degradation rate and easily metabolized degradation components in the body. In this study, biodegradable P2O5-CaO-Na2O phosphate-based glass nanospheres (PGNs) were synthesized and characterized as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. The structure of the PGNs was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), (31)P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((31)P MAS NMR), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The SEM images indicated a spherical shape with a diameter size range of 200-500 nm. The XRD, (31)P NMR, and FTIR results revealed the amorphous and glassy nature of PGNs that consisted of mainly Q(1) and Q(2) phosphate units. We used this contrast to label mesenchymal stem cells and determined in vitro and in vivo detection limits of 5 and 9 μg/mL, respectively. Cell counts down to 4000 could be measured with ultrasound imaging with no cytoxicity at doses needed for imaging. Importantly, ion-release studies confirmed these PGNs biodegrade into aqueous media with degradation products that can be easily metabolized in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Foroutan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering/Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
- Department of Chemistry/Faculty of Math and Physical Science, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, United States
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Cheonan, 330-714, Dankook University, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 330- 714, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering/Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
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Liberman A, Mendez N, Trogler WC, Kummel AC. Synthesis and surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles for nanomedicine. SURFACE SCIENCE REPORTS 2014; 69:132-158. [PMID: 25364083 PMCID: PMC4212223 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfrep.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There are a wide variety of silica nanoformulations being investigated for biomedical applications. Silica nanoparticles can be produced using a wide variety of synthetic techniques with precise control over their physical and chemical characteristics. Inorganic nanoformulations are often criticized or neglected for their poor tolerance; however, extensive studies into silica nanoparticle biodistributions and toxicology have shown that silica nanoparticles may be well tolerated, and in some case are excreted or are biodegradable. Robust synthetic techniques have allowed silica nanoparticles to be developed for applications such as biomedical imaging contrast agents, ablative therapy sensitizers, and drug delivery vehicles. This review explores the synthetic techniques used to create and modify an assortment of silica nanoformulations, as well as several of the diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Liberman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Natalie Mendez
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - William C. Trogler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Andrew C. Kummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Oilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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10
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Liberman A, Wu Z, Barback CV, Viveros RD, Wang J, Ellies LG, Mattrey RF, Trogler WC, Kummel AC, Blair SL. Hollow iron-silica nanoshells for enhanced high intensity focused ultrasound. J Surg Res 2014; 190:391-8. [PMID: 24972734 PMCID: PMC4141695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High intensity-focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an alterative ablative technique currently being investigated for local treatment of breast cancer and fibroadenomas. Current HIFU therapies require concurrent magnetic resonance imaging monitoring. Biodegradable 500 nm perfluoropentane-filled iron-silica nanoshells have been synthesized as a sensitizing agent for HIFU therapies, which aid both mechanical and thermal ablation of tissues. In low duty cycle high-intensity applications, rapid tissue damage occurs from mechanical rather than thermal effects, which can be monitored closely by ultrasound obviating the need for concurrent magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Iron-silica nanoshells were synthesized by a sol-gel method on polystyrene templates and calcined to yield hollow nanoshells. The nanoshells were filled with perfluoropentane and injected directly into excised human breast tumor, and intravenously (IV) into healthy rabbits and Py8119 tumor-bearing athymic nude mice. HIFU was applied at 1.1 MHz and 3.5 MPa at a 2% duty cycle to achieve mechanical ablation. RESULTS Ex vivo in excised rabbit livers, the time to visually observable damage with HIFU was 20 s without nanoshells and only 2 s with nanoshells administered IV before sacrifice. Nanoshells administered IV into nude mice with xenograft tumors were activated in vivo by HIFU 24 h after administration. In this xenograft model, applied HIFU resulted in a 13.6 ± 6.1 mm(3) bubble cloud with the IV injected particles and no bubble cloud without particles. CONCLUSIONS Iron-silica nanoshells can reduce the power and time to perform HIFU ablative therapy and can be monitored by ultrasound during low duty cycle operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Liberman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Robert D Viveros
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - James Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego
| | - Lesley G Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego
| | - William C Trogler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Andrew C Kummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego
| | - Sarah L Blair
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego.
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11
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Liberman A, Wu Z, Barback CV, Viveros R, Blair SL, Ellies LG, Vera DR, Mattrey RF, Kummel AC, Trogler WC. Color Doppler ultrasound and gamma imaging of intratumorally injected 500 nm iron-silica nanoshells. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6367-77. [PMID: 23802554 PMCID: PMC3777724 DOI: 10.1021/nn402507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoropentane gas filled iron-silica nanoshells have been developed as stationary ultrasound contrast agents for marking tumors to guide surgical resection. It is critical to establish their long-term imaging efficacy, as well as biodistribution. This work shows that 500 nm Fe-SiO2 nanoshells can be imaged by color Doppler ultrasound over the course of 10 days in Py8119 tumor bearing mice. The 500 nm nonbiodegradable SiO2 and biodegradable Fe-SiO2 nanoshells were functionalized with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) ligand and radiolabeled with (111)In(3+) for biodistribution studies in nu/nu mice. The majority of radioactivity was detected in the liver and kidneys following intravenous (IV) administration of nanoshells to healthy animals. By contrast, after nanoshells were injected intratumorally, most of the radioactivity remained at the injection site; however, some nanoshells escaped into circulation and were distributed similarly as those given intravenously. For intratumoral delivery of nanoshells and IV delivery to healthy animals, little difference was seen between the biodistribution of SiO2 and biodegradable Fe-SiO2 nanoshells. However, when nanoshells were administered IV to tumor bearing mice, a significant increase was observed in liver accumulation of SiO2 nanoshells relative to biodegradable Fe-SiO2 nanoshells. Both SiO2 and Fe-SiO2 nanoshells accumulate passively in proportion to tumor mass, during intravenous delivery of nanoshells. This is the first report of the biodistribution following intratumoral injection of any biodegradable silica particle, as well as the first report demonstrating the utility of DTPA-(111)In labeling for studying silica nanoparticle biodistributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Liberman
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California,
San Diego
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Robert Viveros
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San
Diego
| | - Sarah L. Blair
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, 9500
Gilman Drive, #0358, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - David R. Vera
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Andrew C. Kummel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego
| | - William C. Trogler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego
- Corresponding Author: William C. Trogler, Professor,
Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500
Gilman Drive, #0358, La Jolla, CA 92093,
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