1
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Wojtas D, Mzyk A, Li R, Zehetbauer M, Schafler E, Jarzębska A, Sułkowski B, Schirhagl R. Verifying the cytotoxicity of a biodegradable zinc alloy with nanodiamond sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213927. [PMID: 38917649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Metals are widely utilized as implant materials for bone fixtures as well as stents. Biodegradable versions of these implants are highly desirable since patients do not have to undergo a second surgery for the materials to be removed. Attractive options for such materials are zinc silver alloys since they also offer the benefit of being antibacterial. However, it is important to investigate the effect of the degradation products of such alloys on the surrounding cells, taking into account silver cytotoxicity. Here we investigated zinc alloyed with 1 % of silver (Zn1Ag) and how differently concentrated extracts (1 %-100 %) of this material impact human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). More specifically, we focused on free radical generation and oxidative stress as well as the impact on cell viability. To determine free radical production we used diamond-based quantum sensing as well as conventional fluorescent assays. The viability was assessed by observing cell morphology and the metabolic activity via the MTT assay. We found that 1 % and 10 % extracts are well tolerated by the cells. However, at higher extract concentrations we observed severe impact on cell viability and oxidative stress. We were also able to show that quantum sensing was able to detect significant free radical generation even at the lowest tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wojtas
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia; Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Technology, Danish Technical University, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Runrun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Zehetbauer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Erhard Schafler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anna Jarzębska
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sułkowski
- Faculty of Non-ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Dey T, Ghosh A, Sanyal A, Charles CJ, Pokharel S, Nair L, Singh M, Kaity S, Ravichandiran V, Kaur K, Roy S. Surface engineered nanodiamonds: mechanistic intervention in biomedical applications for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032003. [PMID: 38574581 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3abb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In terms of biomedical tools, nanodiamonds (ND) are a more recent innovation. Their size typically ranges between 4 to 100 nm. ND are produced via a variety of methods and are known for their physical toughness, durability, and chemical stability. Studies have revealed that surface modifications and functionalization have a significant influence on the optical and electrical properties of the nanomaterial. Consequently, surface functional groups of NDs have applications in a variety of domains, including drug administration, gene delivery, immunotherapy for cancer treatment, and bio-imaging to diagnose cancer. Additionally, their biocompatibility is a critical requisite for theirin vivoandin vitrointerventions. This review delves into these aspects and focuses on the recent advances in surface modification strategies of NDs for various biomedical applications surrounding cancer diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the prognosis of its clinical translation has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Dey
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anushikha Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Arka Sanyal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sahas Pokharel
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2 D02YN77, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2 D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
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3
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Rutherford D, Kolářová K, Čech J, Haušild P, Kuliček J, Ukraintsev E, Stehlík Š, Dao R, Neuman J, Rezek B. Correlative atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposites. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 258:113909. [PMID: 38157689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research investigating the interface between biological organisms and nanomaterials nowadays requires multi-faceted microscopic methods to elucidate the interaction mechanisms and effects. Here we describe a novel approach and methodology correlating data from an atomic force microscope inside a scanning electron microscope (AFM-in-SEM). This approach is demonstrated on bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposite samples relevant in current life science research. We describe a procedure for preparing such multi-component test samples containing E. coli bacteria and chitosan-coated hydrogenated nanodiamonds decorated with silver nanoparticles on a carbon-coated gold grid. Microscopic topography information (AFM) is combined with chemical, material, and morphological information (SEM using SE and BSE at varied acceleration voltages) from the same region of interest and processed to create 3D correlative probe-electron microscopy (CPEM) images. We also establish a novel 3D RGB color image algorithm for merging multiple SE/BSE data from SEM with the AFM surface topography data which provides additional information about microscopic interaction of the diamond-metal nanocomposite with bacteria, not achievable by individual analyses. The methodology of CPEM data interpretation is independently corroborated by further in-situ (EDS) and ex-situ (micro-Raman) chemical characterization as well as by force volume AFM analysis. We also discuss the broader applicability and benefits of the methodology for life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rutherford
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Kolářová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čech
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuliček
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Stehlík
- New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Dao
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neuman
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Lu Q, Vosberg B, Wang Z, Balasubramanian P, Sow M, Volkert C, Gonzalez Brouwer R, Lieberwirth I, Graf R, Jelezko F, Plenio MB, Wu Y, Weil T. Unraveling Eumelanin Radical Formation by Nanodiamond Optical Relaxometry in a Living Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7222-7232. [PMID: 38469853 PMCID: PMC10958502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Defect centers in a nanodiamond (ND) allow the detection of tiny magnetic fields in their direct surroundings, rendering them as an emerging tool for nanoscale sensing applications. Eumelanin, an abundant pigment, plays an important role in biology and material science. Here, for the first time, we evaluate the comproportionation reaction in eumelanin by detecting and quantifying semiquinone radicals through the nitrogen-vacancy color center. A thin layer of eumelanin is polymerized on the surface of nanodiamonds (NDs), and depending on the environmental conditions, such as the local pH value, near-infrared, and ultraviolet light irradiation, the radicals form and react in situ. By combining experiments and theoretical simulations, we quantify the local number and kinetics of free radicals in the eumelanin layer. Next, the ND sensor enters the cells via endosomal vesicles. We quantify the number of radicals formed within the eumelanin layer in these acidic compartments by applying optical relaxometry measurements. In the future, we believe that the ND quantum sensor could provide valuable insights into the chemistry of eumelanin, which could contribute to the understanding and treatment of eumelanin- and melanin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Berlind Vosberg
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and
Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Key
Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry
of Education), and School of Physics, South
China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials,
and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Priyadharshini Balasubramanian
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maabur Sow
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carla Volkert
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Raul Gonzalez Brouwer
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute
for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology
(IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and
Technology (IQST), Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yingke Wu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Bussandri S, Shimon D, Equbal A, Ren Y, Takahashi S, Ramanathan C, Han S. P1 Center Electron Spin Clusters Are Prevalent in Type Ib Diamonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5088-5099. [PMID: 38112330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of the P1 centers is crucial for diamond-based sensors and quantum devices. P1 centers serve as polarization sources for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) quantum sensing and play a significant role in the relaxation of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers. Additionally, the distribution of NV centers correlates with the distribution of P1 centers, as NV centers are formed through the conversion of P1 centers. We utilized DNP and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques that revealed strong clustering of a significant population of P1 centers that exhibit exchange coupling and produce asymmetric line shapes. The 13C DNP frequency profile at a high magnetic field revealed a pattern that requires an asymmetric EPR line shape of the P1 clusters with electron-electron (e-e) coupling strengths exceeding the 13C nuclear Larmor frequency. EPR and DNP characterization at high magnetic fields was necessary to resolve energy contributions from different e-e couplings. We employed a two-frequency pump-probe pulsed electron double resonance technique to show cross-talk between the isolated and clustered P1 centers. This finding implies that the clustered P1 centers affect all of the P1 populations. Direct observation of clustered P1 centers and their asymmetric line shape offers a novel and crucial insight into understanding magnetic noise sources for quantum information applications of diamonds and for designing diamond-based polarizing agents with optimized DNP efficiency for 13C and other nuclear spins of analytes. We propose that room temperature 13C DNP at a high field, achievable through straightforward modifications to existing solution-state NMR systems, is a potent tool for evaluating and controlling diamond defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Bussandri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Daphna Shimon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Asif Equbal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Quantum and Topological Systems, New York University, Abu Dhabi 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yuhang Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Susumu Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar Ramanathan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 600208, United States
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6
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Fan S, Gao H, Zhang Y, Nie L, Bártolo R, Bron R, Santos HA, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radical Generation in Mitochondria of Single Heart Muscle Cells during Hypoxia and Reoxygenation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2982-2991. [PMID: 38235677 PMCID: PMC10832053 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cells are damaged during hypoxia (blood supply deprivation) and reoxygenation (oxygen return). This damage occurs in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation, potentially harming the tissue and organs. The role of free radicals in cellular metabolic reprogramming under hypoxia is under debate, but their measurement is challenging due to their short lifespan and limited diffusion range. In this study, we employed a quantum sensing technique to measure the real-time production of free radicals at the subcellular level. We utilize fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) that exhibit changes in their optical properties based on the surrounding magnetic noise. This way, we were able to detect the presence of free radicals. To specifically monitor radical generation near mitochondria, we coated the FNDs with an antibody targeting voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (anti-VDAC2), which is located in the outer membrane of mitochondria. We observed a significant increase in the radical load on the mitochondrial membrane when cells were exposed to hypoxia. Subsequently, during reoxygenation, the levels of radicals gradually decreased back to the normoxia state. Overall, by applying a quantum sensing technique, the connections among hypoxia, free radicals, and the cellular redox status has been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fan
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gao
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Bártolo
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier Bron
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center
Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Yang Z, Xu T, Li H, She M, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11047-11136. [PMID: 37677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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8
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Lin N, van Zomeren K, van Veen T, Mzyk A, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Plosch T, Tietge UJF, Cantineau A, Hoek A, Schirhagl R. Quantum Sensing of Free Radicals in Primary Human Granulosa Cells with Nanoscale Resolution. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1784-1798. [PMID: 37780363 PMCID: PMC10540281 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Cumulus granulosa cells (cGCs) and mural granulosa cells (mGCs), although derived from the same precursors, are anatomically and functionally heterogeneous. They are critical for female fertility by supporting oocyte competence and follicular development. There are various techniques used to investigate the role of free radicals in mGCs and cCGs. Yet, temporospatial resolution remains a challenge. We used a quantum sensing approach to study free radical generation at nanoscale in cGCs and mGCs isolated from women undergoing oocyte retrieval during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Cells were incubated with bare fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) or mitochondria targeted FNDs to detect free radicals in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. After inducing oxidative stress with menadione, we continued to detect free radical generation for 30 min. We observed an increase in free radical generation in cGCs and mGCs from 10 min on. Although cytoplasmic and mitochondrial free radical levels are indistinguishable in the physiological state in both cGCs and mGCs, the free radical changes measured in mitochondria were significantly larger in both cell types, suggesting mitochondria are sites of free radical generation. Furthermore, we observed later occurrence and a smaller percentage of cytoplasmic free radical change in cGCs, indicating that cGCs may be more resistant to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Lin
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Koen van Zomeren
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teelkien van Veen
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Center
for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University
Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Torsten Plosch
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Division
of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical
Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Cantineau
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Hoek
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Wen H, Kordahl D, Kuschnerus IC, Reineck P, Macmillan A, Chang HC, Dwyer C, Chang SLY. Correlative Fluorescence and Transmission Electron Microscopy Assisted by 3D Machine Learning Reveals Thin Nanodiamonds Fluoresce Brighter. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16491-16500. [PMID: 37594320 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) draw widespread attention as quantum sensors due to their room-temperature luminescence, exceptional photo- and chemical stability, and biocompatibility. For bioscience applications, NV centers in FNDs offer high-spatial-resolution capabilities that are unparalleled by other solid-state nanoparticle emitters. On the other hand, pursuits to further improve the optical properties of FNDs have reached a bottleneck, with intense debate in the literature over which of the many factors are most pertinent. Here, we describe how substantial progress can be achieved using a correlative transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence (TEMPL) method that we have developed. TEMPL enables a precise correlative analysis of the fluorescence brightness, size, and shape of individual FND particles. Augmented with machine learning, TEMPL can be used to analyze a large, statistically meaningful number of particles. Our results reveal that FND fluorescence is strongly dependent on particle shape, specifically, that thin, flake-shaped particles are up to several times brighter and that fluorescence increases with decreasing particle sphericity. Our theoretical analysis shows that these observations are attributable to the constructive interference of light waves within the FNDs. Our findings have significant implications for state-of-the-art sensing applications, and they offer potential avenues for improving the sensitivity and resolution of quantum sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David Kordahl
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport, Louisiana 71104, United States
| | - Inga C Kuschnerus
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philipp Reineck
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Bio Photonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander Macmillan
- BMIF, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Christian Dwyer
- Electron Imaging and Spectroscopy Tools, PO Box 506, Sans Souci, NSW 2219, Australia
- Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shery L Y Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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10
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Li R, Vedelaar TA, Sigaeva A, Zhang Y, Wu K, Wang H, Wu X, Olinga P, Wlodarzyk-Biegun M, Schirhagl R. Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Tracking Single Polymer Particles in Cells and Tissues. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13046-13054. [PMID: 37612789 PMCID: PMC10483464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles are widely used in drug delivery and are also a potential concern due to the increased burden of nano- or microplastics in the environment. In order to use polymer nanoparticles safely and understand their mechanism of action, it is useful to know where within cells and tissues they end up. To this end, we labeled polymer nanoparticles with nanodiamond particles. More specifically, we have embedded nanodiamond particles in the polymer particles and characterized the composites. Compared to conventional fluorescent dyes, these labels have the advantage that nanodiamonds do not bleach or blink, thus allowing long-term imaging and tracking of polymer particles. We have demonstrated this principle both in cells and entire liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runrun Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thea A. Vedelaar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hui Wang
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen
University, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xixi Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen
University, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Małgorzata
K. Wlodarzyk-Biegun
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen
University, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Biotechnology
Centre, The Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Pouwels SD, Sigaeva A, de Boer S, Eichhorn IA, Koll L, Kuipers J, Schirhagl R, Heijink IH, Burgess JK, Slebos DJ. Host-device interactions: exposure of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to nickel, titanium, or nitinol affect proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, and cellular signaling. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:38. [PMID: 37486435 PMCID: PMC10366254 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic implantation of medical devices for the treatment of lung diseases, including airway stents, unidirectional valves and coils, is readily used to treat central airway disease and emphysema. However, granulation and fibrotic tissue formation impairs treatment effectiveness. To date little is known about the interaction between implanted devices, often made from metals, such as nickel, titanium or nitinol, and cells in the airways. Here, we study the response of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to implant device materials. The adhesion and proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts upon exposure to 10 × 3 × 1 mm pieces of nickel, titanium or nitinol is examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and release, signaling kinase activity and intracellular free radical production are assessed. Nitinol, and to a lesser extent nickel and titanium, surfaces support the attachment and growth of lung epithelial cells. Nitinol induces a rapid and significant alteration of kinase activity. Cells directly exposed to nickel or titanium produce free radicals, but those exposed to nitinol do not. The response of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts depends on the metal type to which they are exposed. Nitinol induces cellular surface growth and the induction of kinase activity, while exposure of lung epithelial cells to nickel and titanium induces free radical production, but nitinol does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Pouwels
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna de Boer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse A Eichhorn
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Koll
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Slebos
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Jung HS, Cho KJ, Joo S, Lee M, Kim MY, Kwon IH, Song NW, Shim JH, Neuman KC. Mesoporous Polydopamine-Encapsulated Fluorescent Nanodiamonds: A Versatile Platform for Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:33425-33436. [PMID: 37341540 PMCID: PMC10361080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are versatile nanomaterials with promising properties. However, efficient functionalization of FNDs for biomedical applications remains challenging. In this study, we demonstrate mesoporous polydopamine (mPDA) encapsulation of FNDs. The mPDA shell is generated by sequential formation of micelles via self-assembly of Pluronic F127 (F127) with 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene (TMB) and composite micelles via oxidation and self-polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride (DA). The surface of the mPDA shell can be readily functionalized with thiol-terminated methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG-SH), hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). The PEGylated FND@mPDA particles are efficiently taken up by, and employed as a fluorescent imaging probe for, HeLa cells. HPG-functionalized FND@mPDA is conjugated with an amino-terminated oligonucleotide to detect microRNA via hybridization. Finally, the increased surface area of the mPDA shell permits efficient loading of doxorubicin hydrochloride. Further modification with TPGS increases drug delivery efficiency, resulting in high toxicity to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Sung Jung
- Laboratory
of Single Molecule Biophysics, National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Quantum
Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Data
Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea
Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwa Joo
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Myeong Yun Kim
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ik Hwan Kwon
- Safety
Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Nam Woong Song
- Quantum
Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Shim
- Quantum
Magnetic Imaging Team, Korea Research Institute
of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Applied Measurement Science, University
of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic
of Korea
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory
of Single Molecule Biophysics, National
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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13
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Segawa TF, Igarashi R. Nanoscale quantum sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in nanodiamonds - A magnetic resonance perspective. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 134-135:20-38. [PMID: 37321756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds containing fluorescent Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers are the smallest single particles, of which a magnetic resonance spectrum can be recorded at room temperature using optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). By recording spectral shift or changes in relaxation rates, various physical and chemical quantities can be measured such as the magnetic field, orientation, temperature, radical concentration, pH or even NMR. This turns NV-nanodiamonds into nanoscale quantum sensors, which can be read out by a sensitive fluorescence microscope equipped with an additional magnetic resonance upgrade. In this review, we introduce the field of ODMR spectroscopy of NV-nanodiamonds and how it can be used to sense different quantities. Thereby we highlight both, the pioneering contributions and the latest results (covered until 2021) with a focus on biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya F Segawa
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.
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14
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Boruah A, Roy K, Thakur A, Haldar S, Konwar R, Saikia P, Saikia BK. Biocompatible Nanodiamonds Derived from Coal Washery Rejects: Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Phytotoxic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11151-11160. [PMID: 37008143 PMCID: PMC10061642 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Coal washery rejects (CWRs) are a major byproduct produced in coal washery industries. We have chemically derived biocompatible nanodiamonds (NDs) from CWRs toward a wide range of biological applications. The average particle sizes of the derived blue-emitting NDs are found to be in the range of 2-3.5 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the derived NDs depicts the crystalline structure with a d-spacing of 0.218 nm, which is attributed to the 100 lattice plane of a cubic diamond. The Fourier infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data revealed that the NDs are substantially functionalized with oxygen-containing functional groups. Interestingly, the CWR-derived NDs exhibit strong antiviral properties (high inhibition of 99.3% with an IC50 value of 7.664 μg/mL) and moderate antioxidant activity that widen the possibility of biomedical applications. In addition, toxicological effects of NDs on the wheatgrass seed germination and seedling growth showed minimal inhibition (<9%) at the highest tested concentration of 300.0 μg/mL. The study also provides intriguing prospects of CWRs for the creation of novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Boruah
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kallol Roy
- Biological
Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashutosh Thakur
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology
and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Biological
Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prasenjit Saikia
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Binoy K. Saikia
- Coal
and Energy Division, CSIR-North East Institute
of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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15
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Francis SJ, Torelli MD, Nunn NA, Arepally GM, Shenderova OA. Clot Imaging Using Photostable Nanodiamond. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:961. [PMID: 36985855 PMCID: PMC10055895 DOI: 10.3390/nano13060961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While thrombosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, an understanding of its triggers, progression, and response to anticoagulant therapy is lacking. Intravital fluorescence microscopy has advanced the study of thrombus formation by providing targeted, multi-color contrast. However, photodegradation of fluorophores limits the application in longitudinal studies (e.g., clot progression and/or dissolution). Fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) is a fluorophore which utilizes intrinsic fluorescence of chromogenic centers within and protected by the diamond crystalline lattice. Recent developments in diamond processing have allowed for the controlled production of nanodiamonds emitting in green or red. Here, the use of FND to label blood clots and/or clot lysis is demonstrated and compared to commonly used organic fluorophores. Model ex vivo clots were formed with incorporated labeled fibrinogen to allow imaging. FND was shown to match the morphology of organic fluorophore labels absent of photobleaching over time. The addition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPa) allowed visualization of the clot lysis stage, which is vital to studies of both DVT and pulmonary embolism resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Francis
- Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Gowthami M. Arepally
- Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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16
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Wu K, Nie L, Nusantara AC, Woudstra W, Vedelaar T, Sigaeva A, Schirhagl R. Diamond Relaxometry as a Tool to Investigate the Free Radical Dialogue between Macrophages and Bacteria. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1100-1111. [PMID: 36630151 PMCID: PMC9878971 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although free radicals, which are generated by macrophages play a key role in antimicrobial activities, macrophages sometimes fail to kill Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as bacteria have evolved mechanisms to withstand oxidative stress. In the past decades, several ROS-related staphylococcal proteins and enzymes were characterized to explain the microorganism's antioxidative defense system. Yet, time-resolved and site-specific free radical/ROS detection in bacterial infection were full of challenges. In this work, we utilize diamond-based quantum sensing for studying alterations of the free radical response near S. aureus in macrophages. To achieve this goal we used S. aureus-fluorescent nanodiamond conjugates and measured the spin-lattice relaxation (T1) of NV defects embedded in nanodiamonds. We observed an increase of intracellular free radical generation when macrophages were challenged with S. aureus. However, under a high intracellular oxidative stress environment elicited by lipopolysaccharides, a lower radical load was recorded on the bacteria surfaces. Moreover, by performing T1 measurements on the same particles at different times postinfection, we found that radicals were dominantly scavenged by S. aureus from 80 min postinfection under a high intracellular oxidative stress environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Wu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Woudstra
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Vedelaar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Sharmin R, Nusantara AC, Nie L, Wu K, Elias Llumbet A, Woudstra W, Mzyk A, Schirhagl R. Intracellular Quantum Sensing of Free-Radical Generation Induced by Acetaminophen (APAP) in the Cytosol, in Mitochondria and the Nucleus of Macrophages. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3326-3334. [PMID: 36354956 PMCID: PMC9706807 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdoses cause cell injury in the liver. It is widely accepted that liver toxicity is initiated by the reactive N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP) metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which first depletes glutathione and then irreversibly binds to mitochondrial proteins and nuclear DNA. As a consequence, mitochondrial respiration is inhibited, and DNA strands break. NAPQI also promotes the oxidative stress since glutathione is one of the main free-radical scavengers in the cell. However, so far it is unknown where exactly free radicals are generated. In this study, we used relaxometry, a novel technique that allows nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging detection of free radicals. The method is based on fluorescent nanodiamonds, which change their optical properties based on their magnetic surrounding. To achieve subcellular resolution, these nanodiamonds were targeted to cellular locations, that is, the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and the nucleus. Since relaxometry is sensitive to spin noise from radicals, we were able to measure the radical load in these different organelles. For the first time, we measured APAP-induced free-radical production in an organelle-specific manner, which helps predict and better understand cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokshana Sharmin
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linyan Nie
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arturo Elias Llumbet
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Laboratory
of Genomic of Germ Cells, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, 1027 Independencia Santiago, Chile
| | - Willem Woudstra
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish
Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands,
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18
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Sigaeva A, Norouzi N, Schirhagl R. Intracellular Relaxometry, Challenges, and Future Directions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1484-1489. [PMID: 36439313 PMCID: PMC9686197 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers change their optical properties on the basis of their magnetic surroundings. Since optical signals can be detected more sensitively than small magnetic signals, this technique allows unprecedented sensitivity. Recently, NV center-based relaxometry has been used for measurements in living cells with subcellular resolution. The aim of this Outlook is to identify challenges in the field, including controlling the location of sensing particles, limitations in reproducibility, and issues arising from biocompatibility. We further provide an outlook and point to new directions in the field. These include new diamond materials with NV centers, other defects, or even entirely new materials that might replace diamonds. We further discuss new and more challenging samples, such as tissues or even entire organisms, that might be investigated with NV centers. Then, we address future challenges that have to be resolved in order to achieve this goal. Finally, we discuss new quantities that could be measured with NV centers in the future.
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19
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Olivares-Postigo D, Gorrini F, Bitonto V, Ackermann J, Giri R, Krueger A, Bifone A. Divergent Effects of Laser Irradiation on Ensembles of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Bulk and Nanodiamonds: Implications for Biosensing. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:95. [PMID: 36161373 PMCID: PMC9512947 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ensembles of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV-) in diamond have been proposed for sensing of magnetic fields and paramagnetic agents, and as a source of spin-order for the hyperpolarization of nuclei in magnetic resonance applications. To this end, strongly fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) represent promising materials, with large surface areas and dense ensembles of NV-. However, surface effects tend to favor the less useful neutral form, the NV0 centers, and strategies to increase the density of shallow NV- centers have been proposed, including irradiation with strong laser power (Gorrini in ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 13:43221-43232, 2021). Here, we study the fluorescence properties and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of NV- centers as a function of laser power in strongly fluorescent bulk diamond and in nanodiamonds obtained by nanomilling of the native material. In bulk diamond, we find that increasing laser power increases ODMR contrast, consistent with a power-dependent increase in spin-polarization. Conversely, in nanodiamonds we observe a non-monotonic behavior, with a decrease in ODMR contrast at higher laser power. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be ascribed to more efficient NV-→NV0 photoconversion in nanodiamonds compared to bulk diamond, resulting in depletion of the NV- pool. A similar behavior is shown for NDs internalized in macrophage cells under the typical experimental conditions of imaging bioassays. Our results suggest strong laser irradiation is not an effective strategy in NDs, where the interplay between surface effects and local microenvironment determine the optimal experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Olivares-Postigo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, Trento, Italy.
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Federico Gorrini
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bitonto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Johannes Ackermann
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rakshyakar Giri
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institut Für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Center for Complex Materials Research (RCCM), Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angelo Bifone
- Molecular Biology Center, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, via Livorno 60, 10144, Turin, Italy.
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20
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Tian Y, Nusantara AC, Hamoh T, Mzyk A, Tian X, Perona Martinez F, Li R, Permentier HP, Schirhagl R. Functionalized Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Simultaneous Drug Delivery and Quantum Sensing in HeLa Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39265-39273. [PMID: 35984747 PMCID: PMC9437893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present multifunctional fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) for simultaneous drug delivery and free radical detection. For this purpose, we modified FNDs containing nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers with a diazoxide derivative. We found that our particles enter cells more easily and are able to deliver this cancer drug into HeLa cells. The particles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and secondary electron microscopy. Compared to the free drug, we observe a sustained release over 72 h rather than 12 h for the free drug. Apart from releasing the drug, with these particles, we can measure the drug's effect on free radical generation directly. This has the advantage that the response is measured locally, where the drug is released. These FNDs change their optical properties based on their magnetic surrounding. More specifically, we make use of a technique called relaxometry to detect spin noise from the free radical at the nanoscale with subcellular resolution. We further compared the results from our new technique with a conventional fluorescence assay for the detection of reactive oxygen species. This provides a new method to investigate the relationship between drug release and the response by the cell via radical formation or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tian
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anggrek C. Nusantara
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Street, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Xiaobo Tian
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center,
Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe Perona Martinez
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Runrun Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Department
of Analytical Biochemistry, Interfaculty Mass Spectrometry Center,
Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University,
University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands
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21
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Panich AM. Universal Dependence of Nuclear Spin Relaxation on the Concentration of Paramagnetic Centers in Nano- and Microdiamonds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5774. [PMID: 36013910 PMCID: PMC9414159 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of our data on 1H and 13C spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times and rates in aqueous suspensions of purified nanodiamonds produced by detonation technique (DNDs), DNDs with grafted paramagnetic ions, and micro- and nanodiamonds produced by milling bulk high-temperature high-pressure diamonds is presented. It has been established that in all the studied materials, the relaxation rates depend linearly on the concentration of diamond particles in suspensions, the concentration of grafted paramagnetic ions, and surface paramagnetic defects produced by milling, while the relaxation times exhibit a hyperbolic dependence on the concentration of paramagnetic centers. This is a universal law that is valid for suspensions, gels, and solids. The results obtained will expand the understanding of the properties of nano- and microdiamonds and will be useful for their application in quantum computing, spintronics, nanophotonics, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Panich
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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22
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Bhogale D, Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent Synergy of Nanodiamonds: Role in Brain-Targeted Drug Delivery for the Management of Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4806-4824. [PMID: 35618981 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present review article is to summarize the role of nanodiamonds in various neurological diseases. We have taken related literature of making this review article from ScienceDirect, springer, Research gate, PubMed, Sci-finder, etc. The current approaches for treating neurological conditions such as glioblastoma includes chemotherapy or combination anti-retro viral therapy for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or use of anti-Alzheimer drugs during cognitive impairment. These approaches can provide only symptomatic relief as they do not target the cause of the disease due to their inability to penetrate the blood brain barrier. On long-term use, they may cause CNS toxicity due to accumulation in the brain. So nanodiamonds could prove as a promising approach in the brain targeting of the bioactive and to treat many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumor (glioblastoma), HIV, amyotrophic multiple sclerosis, Huntington disease, stroke (cerebrovascular attack), batten disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and bacterial infections (encephalitis, sepsis, and meningitis) due to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and owing to their excellent surface properties, i.e., nano size and high surface area, ease of functionalization, multiple drug binding, and biocompatibility; they can be useful for brain targeted drug delivery with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Bhogale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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23
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Nanodiamonds as Possible Tools for Improved Management of Bladder Cancer and Bacterial Cystitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158183. [PMID: 35897760 PMCID: PMC9329713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a class of carbon nanomaterials with sizes ranging from a few nm to micrometres. Due to their excellent physical, chemical and optical properties, they have recently attracted much attention in biomedicine. In addition, their exceptional biocompatibility and the possibility of precise surface functionalisation offer promising opportunities for biological applications such as cell labelling and imaging, as well as targeted drug delivery. However, using NDs for selective targeting of desired biomolecules within a complex biological system remains challenging. Urinary bladder cancer and bacterial cystitis are major diseases of the bladder with high incidence and poor treatment options. In this review, we present: (i) the synthesis, properties and functionalisation of NDs; (ii) recent advances in the study of various NDs used for better treatment of bladder cancer and (iii) bacterial cystitis; and (iv) the use of NDs in theranostics of these diseases.
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24
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Padamati SK, Vedelaar TA, Perona Martínez F, Nusantara AC, Schirhagl R. Insight into a Fenton-like Reaction Using Nanodiamond Based Relaxometry. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142422. [PMID: 35889646 PMCID: PMC9319944 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper has several biological functions, but also some toxicity, as it can act as a catalyst for oxidative damage to tissues. This is especially relevant in the presence of H2O2, a by-product of oxygen metabolism. In this study, the reactions of copper with H2O2 have been investigated with spectroscopic techniques. These results were complemented by a new quantum sensing technique (relaxometry), which allows nanoscale magnetic resonance measurements at room temperature, and at nanomolar concentrations. For this purpose, we used fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing ensembles of specific defects called nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. More specifically, we performed so-called T1 measurements. We use this method to provide real-time measurements of copper during a Fenton-like reaction. Unlike with other chemical fluorescent probes, we can determine both the increase and decrease in copper formed in real time.
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25
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Wu Y, Weil T. Recent Developments of Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors for Biological Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200059. [PMID: 35343101 PMCID: PMC9259730 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring certain quantities at the nanoscale is often limited to strict conditions such as low temperature or vacuum. However, the recently developed nanodiamond (ND) quantum sensing technology shows great promise for ultrasensitive diagnosis and probing subcellular parameters at ambient conditions. Atom defects (i.e., N, Si) within the ND lattice provide stable emissions and sometimes spin-dependent photoluminescence. These unique properties endow ND quantum sensors with the capacity to detect local temperature, magnetic fields, electric fields, or strain. In this review, some of the recent, most exciting developments in the preparation and application of ND sensors to solve current challenges in biology and medicine including ultrasensitive detection of virions and local sensing of pH, radical species, magnetic fields, temperature, and rotational movements, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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26
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Wu Y, Balasubramanian P, Wang Z, Coelho JAS, Prslja M, Siebert R, Plenio MB, Jelezko F, Weil T. Detection of Few Hydrogen Peroxide Molecules Using Self-Reporting Fluorescent Nanodiamond Quantum Sensors. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12642-12651. [PMID: 35737900 PMCID: PMC9305977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) plays an important
role in various signal transduction pathways and regulates important
cellular processes. However, monitoring and quantitatively assessing
the distribution of H2O2 molecules inside living
cells requires a nanoscale sensor with molecular-level sensitivity.
Herein, we show the first demonstration of sub-10 nm-sized fluorescent
nanodiamonds (NDs) as catalysts for the decomposition of H2O2 and the production of radical intermediates at the
nanoscale. Furthermore, the nitrogen-vacancy quantum sensors inside
the NDs are employed to quantify the aforementioned radicals. We believe
that our method of combining the peroxidase-mimicking activities of
the NDs with their intrinsic quantum sensor showcases their application
as self-reporting H2O2 sensors with molecular-level
sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. Given the robustness
and the specificity of the sensor, our results promise a new platform
for elucidating the role of H2O2 at the cellular
level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Priyadharshini Balasubramanian
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jaime A S Coelho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Mateja Prslja
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Martin B Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
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27
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Panich AM. Can detonation nanodiamonds serve as MRI phantoms? MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:345-347. [PMID: 35471465 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Panich
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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28
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Sathish T, Mohanavel V, Velmurugan P, Alfarraj S, Al Obaid S, Sureshkumar S, Joshua Ramesh Lalvani JI. Evaluation of MWCNT Particles-Reinforced Magnesium Composite for Mechanical and Catalytic Applications. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:7773185. [PMID: 35655859 PMCID: PMC9155944 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7773185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum, magnesium, and copper materials must have increased mechanical strength with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance. Substantial research focused on reinforcing hard particles into low-strength materials using stir casting or powder metallurgy. This work is intended to develop the magnesium hybrid matrix with the dispersion of boron carbide (B4C) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Hybrid magnesium composites are prepared, although the powder metallurgy route considers different process parameters. Statistical analysis such as Taguchi L16 orthogonal array is involved in this work. It is used to find the magnesium hybrid samples' minimum and maximum wear, corrosion, and microhardness levels. Powder metallurgy parameters are B4C (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%), MWCNT (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%), ball milling (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), and sintering (3, 4, 5, and 6 h). The ball milling parameters are extremely influenced in the wear test analysis. Minimum wear losses are obtained as 0.008 g by influencing the 4 h ball milling process. Similarly, 3 h of sintering time offered a minimum corrosion rate of 0.00078 mm/yr. In microhardness analysis, the percentage of MWCNTs is highly implicated in narrow hardness resulting in the hardness value of 181. The hardness value is recorded using 0.2% MWCNTs in the magnesium alloy AZ80.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Sathish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinayagam Mohanavel
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Palanivel Velmurugan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Al Obaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanmugam Sureshkumar
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Production Engineering, AMIT, Arbaminch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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29
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Liu W, Alam MNA, Liu Y, Agafonov VN, Qi H, Koynov K, Davydov VA, Uzbekov R, Kaiser U, Lasser T, Jelezko F, Ermakova A, Weil T. Silicon-Vacancy Nanodiamonds as High Performance Near-Infrared Emitters for Live-Cell Dual-Color Imaging and Thermometry. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2881-2888. [PMID: 35289621 PMCID: PMC9011402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) with color centers are excellent emitters for various bioimaging and quantum biosensing applications. In our work, we explore new applications of NDs with silicon-vacancy centers (SiV) obtained by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis based on metal-catalyst-free growth. They are coated with a polypeptide biopolymer, which is essential for efficient cellular uptake. The unique optical properties of NDs with SiV are their high photostability and narrow emission in the near-infrared region. Our results demonstrate for the first time that NDs with SiV allow live-cell dual-color imaging and intracellular tracking. Also, intracellular thermometry and challenges associated with SiV atomic defects in NDs are investigated and discussed for the first time. NDs with SiV nanoemitters provide new avenues for live-cell bioimaging, diagnostic (SiV as a nanosized thermometer), and theranostic (nanodiamonds as drug carrier) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Liu
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute
of Materials, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Md Noor A. Alam
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing
Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, No.10 Xi-bei-wang East Road, 100193 Beijing, China
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central
Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valery A. Davydov
- L.
F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Laboratoire
Biologie Cellulaire et Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de
Médecine, Université François
Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
- Faculty
of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow
State University, Leninskye
gory 73, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central
Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Theo Lasser
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute
for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Ermakova
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Staudingerweg
7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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30
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Liu W, Alam MNA, Liu Y, Agafonov VN, Qi H, Koynov K, Davydov VA, Uzbekov R, Kaiser U, Lasser T, Jelezko F, Ermakova A, Weil T. Silicon-Vacancy Nanodiamonds as High Performance Near-Infrared Emitters for Live-Cell Dual-Color Imaging and Thermometry. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2881-2888. [PMID: 35289621 DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-2ssz2-v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) with color centers are excellent emitters for various bioimaging and quantum biosensing applications. In our work, we explore new applications of NDs with silicon-vacancy centers (SiV) obtained by high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis based on metal-catalyst-free growth. They are coated with a polypeptide biopolymer, which is essential for efficient cellular uptake. The unique optical properties of NDs with SiV are their high photostability and narrow emission in the near-infrared region. Our results demonstrate for the first time that NDs with SiV allow live-cell dual-color imaging and intracellular tracking. Also, intracellular thermometry and challenges associated with SiV atomic defects in NDs are investigated and discussed for the first time. NDs with SiV nanoemitters provide new avenues for live-cell bioimaging, diagnostic (SiV as a nanosized thermometer), and theranostic (nanodiamonds as drug carrier) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Liu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Md Noor A Alam
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, No.10 Xi-bei-wang East Road, 100193 Beijing, China
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Valery A Davydov
- L. F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Rustem Uzbekov
- Laboratoire Biologie Cellulaire et Microscopie Electronique, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais, 37032 Tours, France
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 73, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Theo Lasser
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Ermakova
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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31
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Multimodal bioimaging using nanodiamond and gold hybrid nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5331. [PMID: 35351931 PMCID: PMC8964702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHybrid core–shell nanodiamond-gold nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized as a novel multifunctional material with tunable and tailored properties for multifunctional biomedical applications. The combination of nanostructured gold and nanodiamond properties afford new options for optical labeling, imaging, sensing, and drug delivery, as well as targeted treatment. ND@Au core–shell nanoparticles composed of nanodiamond (ND) core doped with Si vacancies (SiV) and Au shell were synthesized and characterized in terms of their biomedical applications. Several bioimaging modalities based on the combination of optical and spectroscopic properties of the hybrid nano-systems are demonstrated in cellular and developing zebrafish larvae models. The ND@Au nanoparticles exhibit isolated ND’s Raman signal of sp3 bonded carbon, one-photon fluorescence of SiV with strong zero-phonon line at 740 nm, two-photon excited fluorescence of nanogold with short fluorescence lifetime and strong absorption of X-ray irradiation render them possible imaging agent for Raman mapping, Fluorescence imaging, two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (TP-FLIM) and high-resolution hard-X-ray microscopy in biosystems. Potential combination of the imaging facilities with other theranostic functionalities is discussed.
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32
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Boruah A, Saikia BK. Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Novel Applications of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:863-885. [PMID: 35230567 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have been developed significantly as a new member in the nanocarbon family. The surface of FNDs is embedded with some crystallographic defects containing color centres which surmount the properties of other fluorochromes including up conversion and down conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, nano tubes, fullerenes, organic dyes, silica etc. Some of the intriguing properties like inevitable photostability, inherent bio-compatibility, outstanding optical and robust mechanical properties, excellent magnetic field, and electric field sensing potentiality make FNDs appealing to some benevolent applications in numerous fields like bio-imaging, delivering drugs, fighting cancer, spin electronics, imaging of magnetic structure at nanoscale and as promising nanometric temperature sensor. The structure of FNDs has certain point defects on the surface among which negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre (NV-) is the most investigated color centre. The production of NV- fluorescence nanodiamonds is the most challenging task as substitution of carbon atoms is required to create vacancies by causing irradiation from an electron beam which is followed by high temperature annealing. Thus, this review points out the relative advantages of FNDs containing negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centres produced from HPHT method or CVD method with those nanodiamonds produced through detonation process or pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method. The steps involved in the fabrication of FNDs are described along with the major challenges and struggles underwent during the process in this review. This review also summarizes the recent developments made in the functionalization and applications predominantly made in the field of biological science and it is understood that depending on the defect color centres they can exhibit different emitted wavelengths ranging from UV-visible to near infrared with broad or narrow bandwidths. This review also highlights some of the fluorescent NDs that emit stable and strong red or green photoluminescence from the defect centers of NV- which are implanted in the crystal lattice. This critical and extensive review will be useful for the further progress in this futuristic field of FNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Boruah
- Coal & Energy Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Binoy K Saikia
- Coal & Energy Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Shulevitz HJ, Huang TY, Xu J, Neuhaus SJ, Patel RN, Choi YC, Bassett LC, Kagan CR. Template-Assisted Self-Assembly of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Scalable Quantum Technologies. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1847-1856. [PMID: 35025204 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Milled nanodiamonds containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers are nanoscale quantum sensors that form colloidal dispersions. However, variations in their size, shape, and surface chemistry limit the ability to position individual nanodiamonds and statistically study properties that affect their optical and quantum characteristics. Here, we present a scalable strategy to form ordered arrays of nanodiamonds using capillary-driven, template-assisted self-assembly. We demonstrate the precise spatial arrangement of isolated nanodiamonds with diameters below 50 nm across millimeter-scale areas. Measurements of over 200 assembled nanodiamonds yield a statistical understanding of their structural, optical, and quantum properties. The NV centers' spin and charge properties are uncorrelated with nanodiamond size but rather are consistent with heterogeneity in their nanoscale environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Shulevitz
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Tzu-Yung Huang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Steven J Neuhaus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Raj N Patel
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yun Chang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Lee C Bassett
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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34
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Li R, Vedelaar T, Mzyk A, Morita A, Padamati SK, Schirhagl R. Following Polymer Degradation with Nanodiamond Magnetometry. ACS Sens 2022; 7:123-130. [PMID: 34982542 PMCID: PMC8809337 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Degradable polymers are widely used in the biomedical fields due to non-toxicity and great biocompatibility and biodegradability, and it is crucial to understand how they degrade. These polymers are exposed to various biochemical media in medical practice. Hence, it is important to precisely follow the degradation of the polymer in real time. In this study, we made use of diamond magnetometry for the first time to track polymer degradation with nanoscale precision. The method is based on a fluorescent defect in nanodiamonds, which changes its optical properties based on its magnetic surrounding. Since optical signals can be read out more sensitively than magnetic signals, this method allows unprecedented sensitivity. We used a specific mode of diamond magnetometry called relaxometry or T1 measurements. These are sensitive to magnetic noise and thus can detect paramagnetic species (gadolinium in this case). Nanodiamonds were incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) films and PLA nanoparticles in order to follow polymer degradation. However, in principle, they can be incorporated into other polymers too. We found that T1 constants decreased gradually with the erosion of the film exposed to an alkaline condition. In addition, the mobility of nanodiamonds increased, which allows us to estimate polymer viscosity. The degradation rates obtained using this approach were in good agreement with data obtained by quartz crystal microbalance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runrun Li
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Vedelaar
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
- Institute
of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Aryan Morita
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
- Dept.
Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sandeep Kumar Padamati
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Groningen
University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AW, The Netherlands
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35
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General Method to Increase Carboxylic Acid Content on Nanodiamonds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030736. [PMID: 35164002 PMCID: PMC8838522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid is a commonly utilized functional group for covalent surface conjugation of carbon nanoparticles that is typically generated by acid oxidation. However, acid oxidation generates additional oxygen containing groups, including epoxides, ketones, aldehydes, lactones, and alcohols. We present a method to specifically enrich the carboxylic acid content on fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) surfaces. Lithium aluminum hydride is used to reduce oxygen containing surface groups to alcohols. The alcohols are then converted to carboxylic acids through a rhodium (II) acetate catalyzed carbene insertion reaction with tert–butyl diazoacetate and subsequent ester cleavage with trifluoroacetic acid. This carboxylic acid enrichment process significantly enhanced nanodiamond homogeneity and improved the efficiency of functionalizing the FND surface. Biotin functionalized fluorescent nanodiamonds were demonstrated to be robust and stable single-molecule fluorescence and optical trapping probes.
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36
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Ekimov E, Shiryaev AA, Grigoriev Y, Averin A, Shagieva E, Stehlik S, Kondrin M. Size-Dependent Thermal Stability and Optical Properties of Ultra-Small Nanodiamonds Synthesized under High Pressure. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030351. [PMID: 35159694 PMCID: PMC8838209 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diamond properties down to the quantum-size region are still poorly understood. High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis from chloroadamantane molecules allows precise control of nanodiamond size. Thermal stability and optical properties of nanodiamonds with sizes spanning range from <1 to 8 nm are investigated. It is shown that the existing hypothesis about enhanced thermal stability of nanodiamonds smaller than 2 nm is incorrect. The most striking feature in IR absorption of these samples is the appearance of an enhanced transmission band near the diamond Raman mode (1332 cm−1). Following the previously proposed explanation, we attribute this phenomenon to the Fano effect caused by resonance of the diamond Raman mode with continuum of conductive surface states. We assume that these surface states may be formed by reconstruction of broken bonds on the nanodiamond surfaces. This effect is also responsible for the observed asymmetry of Raman scattering peak. The mechanism of nanodiamond formation in HPHT synthesis is proposed, explaining peculiarities of their structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Ekimov
- Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.E.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrey A. Shiryaev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Yuriy Grigoriev
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre, Crystallography and Photonics’, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey Averin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Ekaterina Shagieva
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stepan Stehlik
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mikhail Kondrin
- Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.E.); (M.K.)
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37
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Mzyk A, Ong Y, Ortiz Moreno AR, Padamati SK, Zhang Y, Reyes-San-Martin CA, Schirhagl R. Diamond Color Centers in Diamonds for Chemical and Biochemical Analysis and Visualization. Anal Chem 2022; 94:225-249. [PMID: 34841868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Mzyk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Yori Ong
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ari R Ortiz Moreno
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandeep K Padamati
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A Reyes-San-Martin
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AW Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Ensemble Negatively-Charged Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Type-Ib Diamond Created by High Fluence Electron Beam Irradiation. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electron beam irradiation into type-Ib diamond is known as a good method for the creation of high concentration negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers by which highly sensitive quantum sensors can be fabricated. In order to understand the creation mechanism of NV− centers, we study the behavior of substitutional isolated nitrogen (P1 centers) and NV− centers in type-Ib diamond, with an initial P1 concentration of 40–80 ppm by electron beam irradiation up to 8.0 × 1018 electrons/cm2. P1 concentration and NV− concentration were measured using electron spin resonance and photoluminescence measurements. P1 center count decreases with increasing irradiation fluence up to 8.0 × 1018 electrons/cm2. The rate of decrease in P1 is slightly lower at irradiation fluence above 4.0 × 1018 electrons/cm2 especially for samples of low initial P1 concentration. Comparing concentration of P1 centers with that of NV− centers, it suggests that a part of P1 centers plays a role in the formation of other defects. The usefulness of electron beam irradiation to type-Ib diamonds was confirmed by the resultant conversion efficiency from P1 to NV− center around 12–19%.
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39
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Abstract
Implementing the modern technologies of light-emitting devices, light harvesting, and quantum information processing requires the understanding of the structure-function relations at spatial scales below the optical diffraction limit and time scales of energy and information flows. Here, we distinctively combine cathodoluminescence (CL) with ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), termed CL-UEM, because CL and UEM synergetically afford the required spectral and spatiotemporal sensitivities, respectively. For color centers in nanodiamonds, we demonstrate the measurement of CL lifetime with a local sensitivity of 50 nm and a time resolution of 100 ps. It is revealed that the emitting states of the color centers can be populated through charge transfer among the color centers across diamond lattices upon high-energy electron beam excitation. The technical advance achieved in this study will facilitate the specific control over energy conversion at nanoscales, relevant to quantum dots and single-photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Oh-Hoon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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40
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Sharmin R, Hamoh T, Sigaeva A, Mzyk A, Damle VG, Morita A, Vedelaar T, Schirhagl R. Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Detecting Free-Radical Generation in Real Time during Shear Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4349-4359. [PMID: 34797983 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Free-radical generation is suspected to play a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Another crucial factor is shear stress. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS), which form the lining of blood vessels, require a physiological shear stress to activate many vasoactive factors. These are needed for maintaining vascular cell functions such as nonthrombogenicity, regulation of blood flow, and vascular tone. Additionally, blood clots form at regions of high shear stress within a blood vessel. Here, we use a new method called diamond magnetometry which allows us to measure the dynamics of free-radical generation in real time under shear stress. This quantum sensing technique allows free-radical detection with nanoscale resolution at the single-cell level. We investigate radical formation in HUVECs in a microfluidic environment under different flow conditions typically found in veins and arteries. Here, we looked into free-radical formation before, during, and after flow. We found that the free-radical production varied depending on the flow conditions. To confirm the magnetometry results and to differentiate between radicals, we performed conventional fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays specific for superoxide, nitric oxide, and overall ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokshana Sharmin
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thamir Hamoh
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Sigaeva
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Viraj G. Damle
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Morita
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta 1 Sekip Utara, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thea Vedelaar
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department Biomedical Engineering, Groningen University, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, The Netherlands
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Singh M, Mazumder B. Recent Advancements in Nanodiamond Mediated Brain Targeted Drug Delivery and Bioimaging of Brain Ailments: A Holistic Review. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 10:42-55. [PMID: 34951376 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666211222111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is a vital and composite organ. By nature, the innate make-up of the brain is such that in anatomical parlance, it is highly protected by the "Blood-Brain Barrier", which is a nexus of capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane, neuroglial membrane and glialpodocytes. The same barrier, which protects and isolates the interstitial fluid of the brain from capillary circulation, also restricts the therapeutic intervention. Many standing pharmaceutical formulations are ineffective in the treatment of inimical brain ailments because of the inability of the API to surpass and subsist inside the Blood Brain Barrier. OBJECTIVE This is an integrated review that emphasizes on the recent advancements in brain-targeted drug delivery utilizing nanodiamonds (NDs) as a carrier of therapeutic agents. NDs are a novel nanoparticulate drug delivery system, having carbon moieties as their building blocks and their surface tenability is remarkable. These neoteric carbon-based carriers have exceptional, mechanical, electrical, chemical, optical, and biological properties, which can be further rationally modified and augmented. CONCLUSION NDs could be the next"revolution "in the field of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, and other pernicious brain ailments. What sets them apart from other nanocarriers is their versatile properties like diverse size range and surface modification potential, which makes them efficient enough to move across certain biological barriers and offer a plethora of brain targeting and bioimaging abilities. Lay Summary: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major hurdle in the way of treating many serious brain ailments. A range of nanoparticle based drug delivering systems have been formulated, including solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, nanogels, polymeric NPs, metallic NPs (gold, platinum, andironoxide) and diamondoids (carbonnanotubes). Despite this development, only a few of these formulations have shown the ability to cross the BBB. Nanodiamonds, because of their small size, shape, and surface characteristics, have a potential in moving beyond the diverse and intricate BBB, and offer a plethora of brain targeting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam. India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh-786004, Assam. India
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42
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Effect of Reactive Ion Etching on the Luminescence of GeV Color Centers in CVD Diamond Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112814. [PMID: 34835578 PMCID: PMC8620855 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The negatively charged germanium-vacancy GeV- color centers in diamond nanocrystals are solid-state photon emitters suited for quantum information technologies, bio-sensing, and labeling applications. Due to the small Huang-Rhys factor, the GeV--center zero-phonon line emission is expected to be very intensive and spectrally narrow. However, structural defects and the inhomogeneous distribution of local strains in the nanodiamonds result in the essential broadening of the ZPL. Therefore, clarification and elimination of the reasons for the broadening of the GeV- center ZPL is an important problem. We report on the effect of reactive ion etching in oxygen plasma on the structure and luminescence properties of nanodiamonds grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Emission of GeV- color centers ensembles at about 602 nm in as-grown and etched nanodiamonds is probed using micro-photoluminescence and micro-Raman spectroscopy at room and liquid nitrogen temperature. We show that the etching removes the nanodiamond surface sp2-induced defects resulting in a reduction in the broad luminescence background and a narrowing of the diamond Raman band. The zero-phonon luminescence band of the ensemble of the GeV- centers is a superposition of narrow lines originated most likely from the GeV- center sub-ensembles under different uniaxial local strain conditions.
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43
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Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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Xia X, Pant A, Ganas AS, Jelezko F, Pauzauskie PJ. Quantum Point Defects for Solid-State Laser Refrigeration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1905406. [PMID: 32666603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the role that point defects have played over the last two decades in realizing solid-state laser refrigeration is discussed. A brief introduction to the field of solid-state laser refrigeration is given with an emphasis on the fundamental physical phenomena and quantized electronic transitions that have made solid-state laser-cooling possible. Lanthanide-based point defects, such as trivalent ytterbium ions (Yb3+ ), have played a central role in the first demonstrations and subsequent development of advanced materials for solid-state laser refrigeration. Significant discussion is devoted to the quantum mechanical description of optical transitions in lanthanide ions, and their influence on laser cooling. Transition-metal point defects have been shown to generate substantial background absorption in ceramic materials, decreasing the overall efficiency of a particular laser refrigeration material. Other potential color centers based on fluoride vacancies with multiple potential charge states are also considered. In conclusion, novel materials for solid-state laser refrigeration, including color centers in diamond that have recently been proposed to realize the solid-state laser refrigeration of semiconducting materials, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xia
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anupum Pant
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Abbie S Ganas
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Physics Department, Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
| | - Peter J Pauzauskie
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Chemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Physics Department, Institut für Quantenoptik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, D-89081, Germany
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
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Jung HS, Neuman KC. Surface Modification of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E153. [PMID: 33435443 PMCID: PMC7826955 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that offer great promise for biological applications such as cell labeling, imaging, and sensing due to their exceptional optical properties and biocompatibility. Implementation of these applications requires reliable and precise surface functionalization. Although diamonds are generally considered inert, they typically possess diverse surface groups that permit a range of different functionalization strategies. This review provides an overview of nanodiamond surface functionalization methods including homogeneous surface termination approaches (hydrogenation, halogenation, amination, oxidation, and reduction), in addition to covalent and non-covalent surface modification with different functional moieties. Furthermore, the subsequent coupling of biomolecules onto functionalized nanodiamonds is reviewed. Finally, biomedical applications of nanodiamonds are discussed in the context of functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Gorelik VS, Savinov SA, Sychev VV, Bi D. Secondary Radiation in Microdiamonds with NV Centers. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774520060164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Osipov VY, Shakhov FM, Bogdanov KV, Takai K, Hayashi T, Treussart F, Baldycheva A, Hogan BT, Jentgens C. High-Quality Green-Emitting Nanodiamonds Fabricated by HPHT Sintering of Polycrystalline Shockwave Diamonds. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:209. [PMID: 33169178 PMCID: PMC7652968 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a high-pressure, high-temperature sintering technique to form nitrogen-vacancy-nitrogen centres in nanodiamonds. Polycrystalline diamond nanoparticle precursors, with mean size of 25 nm, are produced by the shock wave from an explosion. These nanoparticles are sintered in the presence of ethanol, at a pressure of 7 GPa and temperature of 1300 °C, to produce substantially larger (3-4 times) diamond crystallites. The recorded spectral properties demonstrate the improved crystalline quality. The types of defects present are also observed to change; the characteristic spectral features of nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centres present for the precursor material disappear. Two new characteristic features appear: (1) paramagnetic substitutional nitrogen (P1 centres with spin ½) with an electron paramagnetic resonance characteristic triplet hyperfine structure due to the I = 1 magnetic moment of the nitrogen nuclear spin and (2) the green spectral photoluminescence signature of the nitrogen-vacancy-nitrogen centres. This production method is a strong alternative to conventional high-energy particle beam irradiation. It can be used to easily produce purely green fluorescing nanodiamonds with advantageous properties for optical biolabelling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fedor M Shakhov
- Ioffe Institute, Polytechnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021
| | | | - Kazuyuki Takai
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajino, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - François Treussart
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anna Baldycheva
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Benjamin T Hogan
- College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK.
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570, Oulu, Finland.
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Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI, Sternberg M, Feuerstein GZ. Effects of Fluorescent Diamond Particles FDP-NV-800nm on Essential Biochemical Functions of Primary Human Umbilical Vein Cells and Human Hepatic Cell Line, HepG-2 in vitro (Part VI): Acute Biocompatibility Studies. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2020; 13:103-118. [PMID: 33116443 PMCID: PMC7547810 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s268107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we reported the safety and biocompatibility of fluorescent diamond particles, FDP-NV-Z-800nm (FDP-NV) injected intravenously into rats, where no morbidity and mortality were noted over a period of 3 months. The acute effects of FDP-NV-800nm particles on cultured human endothelial and hepatic cells remain unexplored. Purpose In this study, we aimed to explore select cellular and biochemical functions in cultured human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and a human hepatic cancer cell line (HepG-2) exposed to FDP-NV-800 in vitro at exposure levels within the pharmacokinetics (Cmax and the nadir) previously reported in vivo. Methods Diverse cellular and biochemical functions were monitored, which cumulatively can provide insights into some vital cellular functions. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by quantitative microscopy. Mitochondrial metabolic functions were tested by the MTT assay, and cytosolic esterase activity was studied by the calcein AM assay. Chaperons (CHOP), BiP and apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) were monitored by using Western blot (WB). MAPK Erk1/2 signaling was assessed by the detection of the phosphorylated form of the protein (P-Erk 1/2) and its translocation into the cell nucleus. Results At all concentrations tested (0.001–0.1mg/mL), FDP-NV did not affect any of the biomarkers of cell integrity of HepG2 cells. In contrast, the proliferation of HUVEC was affected at the highest concentration tested (0.1mg/mL, Cmax). Exposure of HUVEC to (0.01 mg/mL) FDP-NV had a mild-moderate effect on cell proliferation as evident in the MTT assay and was absent when proliferation was assessed by direct cell counting or by using the calcein AM assays. In both cell types, exposure to the highest concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of FDP-NV did neither affect FBS-stimulated cell signaling (MAPK Erk1/2 phosphorylation) nor did it activate of Caspase 3. Conclusion Our data suggest that FDP-NV-800nm are largely biocompatible with HepG-2 cells proliferation within the pharmacokinetic data reported previously. In contrast, HUVEC proliferation at the highest exposure dose (0.1 mg/mL) responded adversely with respect to several biomarkers of cell integrity. However, since the Cmax levels are very short-living, the risk for endothelial injury is likely minimal for slow rate cell proliferation such as endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Debina Diagnostics Inc., Newtown Square, PA, USA.,College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Perevedentseva E, Lin YC, Cheng CL. A review of recent advances in nanodiamond-mediated drug delivery in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:369-382. [PMID: 33047984 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1832988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanodiamond (ND) refers to diamond particles with sizes from few to near 100 nanometers. For its superb physical, chemical and spectroscopic properties, it has been proposed and studied with the aims for bio imaging and drug delivery. Many modalities on conjugating drug molecules on ND to form ND-X for more efficient drug delivery have been demonstrated in the cellular and animal models. AREA COVERED Many novel drug delivery approaches utilizing nanodiamond as a platform have been demonstrated recently. This review summarizes recent developments on the nanodiamond facilitated drug delivery, from the ND-X complexes preparations to tests in the cellular and animal models. The outlook on clinical translation is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Nanodiamond and drug complexes (ND-X) produced from different methods are realized for drug delivery; almost all studies reported ND-X being more efficient compared to pure drug alone. However, ND of particle size less than 10 nm are found more toxic due to size and surface structure, and strongly aggregate. In vivo studies demonstrate ND accumulation in animal organs and no confirmed long-term effect studies on their release from organs are available. Standardized nanodiamond materials and drug delivery approaches are needed to advance the applications to the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perevedentseva
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Taiwan.,Russian Academy of Sciences, P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute, Moskva, Russian Federation
| | - Yu-Chung Lin
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Taiwan
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Hao J, Pan L, An M, Dai Y, Gao B. Time-Resolved Luminescence Properties of Laser-Fabricated Nano-diamonds. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:168. [PMID: 32816127 PMCID: PMC7441128 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the study, well-crystallized nano-diamonds with an average size of 3.8 nm are obtained via femtosecond laser ablation. Both steady-state and transient luminescence are observed. The luminescence peaks of nano-diamonds shift from 380 to 495 nm when the excitation wavelength changes from 280 to 420 nm. After passivation by polyethylene glycol-400N, the surface of nano-diamonds is significantly oxidized, which is verified by Raman and UV-Vis absorption spectra. Furthermore, there is no change in all the luminescence wavelengths, although the maximum intensity increases by 10 times. Time-resolved luminescence spectra reveal that trapping states can be modified by surface passivation, and this leads to stronger luminescence with a longer lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hao
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghui An
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunzhi Dai
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Gao
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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