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Suthya AR, Wong CHY, Bourne JH. Diving head-first into brain intravital microscopy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372996. [PMID: 38817606 PMCID: PMC11137164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironments during physiology and pathology are highly complex, meaning dynamic cellular activities and their interactions cannot be accurately modelled ex vivo or in vitro. In particular, tissue-specific resident cells which may function and behave differently after isolation and the heterogenous vascular beds in various organs highlight the importance of observing such processes in real-time in vivo. This challenge gave rise to intravital microscopy (IVM), which was discovered over two centuries ago. From the very early techniques of low-optical resolution brightfield microscopy, limited to transparent tissues, IVM techniques have significantly evolved in recent years. Combined with improved animal surgical preparations, modern IVM technologies have achieved significantly higher speed of image acquisition and enhanced image resolution which allow for the visualisation of biological activities within a wider variety of tissue beds. These advancements have dramatically expanded our understanding in cell migration and function, especially in organs which are not easily accessible, such as the brain. In this review, we will discuss the application of rodent IVM in neurobiology in health and disease. In particular, we will outline the capability and limitations of emerging technologies, including photoacoustic, two- and three-photon imaging for brain IVM. In addition, we will discuss the use of these technologies in the context of neuroinflammation.
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Chang KW, Karthikesh MS, Zhu Y, Hudson HM, Barbay S, Bundy D, Guggenmos DJ, Frost S, Nudo RJ, Wang X, Yang X. Photoacoustic imaging of squirrel monkey cortical responses induced by peripheral mechanical stimulation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300347. [PMID: 38171947 PMCID: PMC10961203 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are crucial models for studies of neuronal activity. Emerging photoacoustic imaging modalities offer excellent tools for studying NHP brains with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. In this research, a photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) device was used to provide a label-free quantitative characterization of cerebral hemodynamic changes due to peripheral mechanical stimulation. A 5 × 5 mm area within the somatosensory cortex region of an adult squirrel monkey was imaged. A deep, fully connected neural network was characterized and applied to the PAM images of the cortex to enhance the vessel structures after mechanical stimulation on the forelimb digits. The quality of the PAM images was improved significantly with a neural network while preserving the hemodynamic responses. The functional responses to the mechanical stimulation were characterized based on the improved PAM images. This study demonstrates capability of PAM combined with machine learning for functional imaging of the NHP brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | | | - Yunhao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Heather M. Hudson
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Scott Barbay
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - David Bundy
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - David J. Guggenmos
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Shawn Frost
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Randolph J. Nudo
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program and Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, United States
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Nouizi F, Algarawi M, Erkol H, Gulsen G. Gold nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy guidance with multi-wavelength photomagnetic imaging. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103956. [PMID: 38159834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Difficulty in heating tumors with high spatial selectivity while protecting surrounding healthy tissues from thermal harm is a challenge for cancer photothermal treatment (PTT). To mitigate this problem, PTT mediated by photothermal agents (PTAs) has been established as a potential therapeutic technique to boost selectivity and reduce damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Various gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been effectively utilized as PTAs, mainly using strategies to target cancerous tissue and increase selective thermal damage. Meanwhile, imaging can be used in tandem to monitor the AuNP distribution and guide the PTT. Mainly, the parameters impacting the induced temperature can be determined using simulation tools before treatment for effective PTT. However, accurate simulations can only be performed if the amount of AuNPs accumulated in the tumor is known. This study introduces Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI), which can appropriately recover the AuNP concentration to guide the PTT. Using multi-wavelength measurements, PMI can provide AuNP concentration based on their distinct absorption spectra. Tissue-simulating phantom studies are conducted to demonstrate the potential of PMI in recovering AuNP concentration for PTT planning. The recovered AuNP concentration is used to model the temperature increase accurately in a small inclusion representing tumor using a multiphysics solver that takes into account the light propagation and heat diffusion in turbid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Nouizi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, USA
| | - Maha Algarawi
- Department of Physics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Saudi Arabia
| | - Hakan Erkol
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Turkey
| | - Gultekin Gulsen
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, USA.
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Gao R, Liu Y, Qi S, Song L, Meng J, Liu C. Influence mechanism of the temporal duration of laser irradiation on photoacoustic technique: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11530. [PMID: 38632983 PMCID: PMC11021737 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance In the photoacoustic (PA) technique, the laser irradiation in the time domain (i.e., laser pulse duration) governs the characteristics of PA imaging-it plays a crucial role in the optical-acoustic interaction, the generation of PA signals, and the PA imaging performance. Aim We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of laser pulse duration on various aspects of PA imaging, encompassing the signal-to-noise ratio, the spatial resolution of PA imaging, the acoustic frequency spectrum of the acoustic wave, the initiation of specific physical phenomena, and the photothermal-PA (PT-PA) interaction/conversion. Approach By surveying and reviewing the state-of-the-art investigations, we discuss the effects of laser pulse duration on the generation of PA signals in the context of biomedical PA imaging with respect to the aforementioned aspects. Results First, we discuss the impact of laser pulse duration on the PA signal amplitude and its correlation with the lateral resolution of PA imaging. Subsequently, the relationship between the axial resolution of PA imaging and the laser pulse duration is analyzed with consideration of the acoustic frequency spectrum. Furthermore, we examine the manipulation of the pulse duration to trigger physical phenomena and its relevant applications. In addition, we elaborate on the tuning of the pulse duration to manipulate the conversion process and ratio from the PT to PA effect. Conclusions We contribute to the understanding of the physical mechanisms governing pulse-width-dependent PA techniques. By gaining insight into the mechanism behind the influence of the laser pulse, we can trigger the pulse-with-dependent physical phenomena for specific PA applications, enhance PA imaging performance in biomedical imaging scenarios, and modulate PT-PA conversion by tuning the pulse duration precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen, China
- Qufu Normal University, School of Cyberspace Security, Qufu, China
| | - Sumin Qi
- Qufu Normal University, School of Cyberspace Security, Qufu, China
| | - Liang Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Qufu Normal University, School of Cyberspace Security, Qufu, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Shenzhen, China
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Gao R, Xue Q, Ren Y, Zhang H, Song L, Liu C. Achieving depth-independent lateral resolution in AR-PAM using the synthetic-aperture focusing technique. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100328. [PMID: 35242539 PMCID: PMC8861412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) is a promising imaging modality that renders images with ultrasound resolution and extends the imaging depth beyond the optical ballistic regime. To achieve a high lateral resolution, a large numerical aperture (NA) of a focused transducer is usually applied for AR-PAM. However, AR-PAM fails to hold its performance in the out-of-focus region. The lateral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degrade substantially, thereby leading to a significantly deteriorated image quality outside the focal area. Based on the concept of the synthetic-aperture focusing technique (SAFT), various strategies have been developed to address this challenge. These include 1D-SAFT, 2D-SAFT, adaptive-SAFT, spatial impulse response (SIR)-based schemes, and delay-multiply-and-sum (DMAS) strategies. These techniques have shown progress in achieving depth-independent lateral resolution, while several challenges remain. This review aims to introduce these developments in SAFT-based approaches, highlight their fundamental mechanisms, underline the advantages and limitations of each approach, and discuss the outlook of the remaining challenges for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkang Gao
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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6
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Chang KW, Zhu Y, Hudson HM, Barbay S, Guggenmos DJ, Nudo RJ, Yang X, Wang X. Photoacoustic imaging of squirrel monkey cortical and subcortical brain regions during peripheral electrical stimulation. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 25:100326. [PMID: 35028289 PMCID: PMC8715112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of neuronal activity in non-human primate models is of critical importance due to their genetic similarity to human brains. In this study, we tested the feasibility of using photoacoustic imaging for the detection of cortical and subcortical responses due to peripheral electrical stimulation in a squirrel monkey model. Photoacoustic computed tomography and photoacoustic microscopy were applied on squirrel monkeys for real-time deep subcortical imaging and optical-resolution cortical imaging, respectively. The electrically evoked hemodynamic changes in primary somatosensory cortex, premotor cortices, primary motor cortex, and underlying subcortical areas were measured. Hemodynamic responses were observed in both cortical and subcortical brain areas at the cortices during external stimulation, demonstrating the feasibility of photoacoustic technique for functional imaging of non-human primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Yunhao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Heather M. Hudson
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Scott Barbay
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - David J. Guggenmos
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Randolph J. Nudo
- Landon Center on Aging, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Ma C, Li W, Li D, Chen M, Wang M, Jiang L, Mille LS, Garciamendez CE, Zhao Z, Zhou Q, Zhang YS, Yao J. Photoacoustic imaging of 3D-printed vascular networks. Biofabrication 2022; 14:10.1088/1758-5090/ac49d5. [PMID: 35008080 PMCID: PMC8885332 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac49d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis in the circulation system can lead to major myocardial infarction and cardiovascular deaths. Understanding thrombosis formation is necessary for developing safe and effective treatments. In this work, using digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing, we fabricated sophisticatedin vitromodels of blood vessels with internal microchannels that can be used for thrombosis studies. In this regard, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers a unique advantage for label-free visualization of the 3D-printed vessel models, with large penetration depth and functional sensitivity. We compared the imaging performances of two PAM implementations: optical-resolution PAM and acoustic-resolution PAM, and investigated 3D-printed vessel structures with different patterns of microchannels. Our results show that PAM can provide clear microchannel structures at depths up to 3.6 mm. We further quantified the blood oxygenation in the 3D-printed vascular models, showing that thrombi had lower oxygenation than the normal blood. We expect that PAM can find broad applications in 3D printing and bioprinting forin vitrostudies of various vascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuo Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
| | - Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Daiwei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
| | - Maomao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90007
| | - Luis Santiago Mille
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Carlos Ezio Garciamendez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 90007
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA 27708
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Markicevic M, Savvateev I, Grimm C, Zerbi V. Emerging imaging methods to study whole-brain function in rodent models. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:457. [PMID: 34482367 PMCID: PMC8418612 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the idea that single populations of neurons support cognition and behavior has gradually given way to the realization that connectivity matters and that complex behavior results from interactions between remote yet anatomically connected areas that form specialized networks. In parallel, innovation in brain imaging techniques has led to the availability of a broad set of imaging tools to characterize the functional organization of complex networks. However, each of these tools poses significant technical challenges and faces limitations, which require careful consideration of their underlying anatomical, physiological, and physical specificity. In this review, we focus on emerging methods for measuring spontaneous or evoked activity in the brain. We discuss methods that can measure large-scale brain activity (directly or indirectly) with a relatively high temporal resolution, from milliseconds to seconds. We further focus on methods designed for studying the mammalian brain in preclinical models, specifically in mice and rats. This field has seen a great deal of innovation in recent years, facilitated by concomitant innovation in gene-editing techniques and the possibility of more invasive recordings. This review aims to give an overview of currently available preclinical imaging methods and an outlook on future developments. This information is suitable for educational purposes and for assisting scientists in choosing the appropriate method for their own research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Markicevic
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iurii Savvateev
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Grimm
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Zerbi
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, HEST, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lin Y, Xiao S, Yao W, Lv Z, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Chen L. Molecular photoacoustic imaging for early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:8873-8884. [PMID: 34540001 PMCID: PMC8430181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive inflammatory joint disease. Early diagnosis is critical for timely therapeutic intervention. However, it lacks effective diagnostic methods capable of detecting disease progression in its early stage and evaluating treatment efficacy in clinics. Photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging is a novel imaging modality that can detect in the early stage of disease and continuously monitor its progression. In this study, Evans blue (EB) was used as a PA contrast agent to detect the angiogenesis and microcirculation dysfunction in RA joint. In collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, a distinct increase of PA signal was detected early at 2 weeks, with significant higher PA signal intensities from the RA joints compared to the normal joints. More importantly, we detected an increasing trend of PA signal intensity week by week post CIA induction, demonstrating the potential of EB-enhanced PA imaging in monitoring the development of RA. However, joint damage was silent in the X-ray at 2 weeks post CIA induction, which suggested the superiority of PA imaging in RA early detection. In addition, striking decrease of PA signal intensities in the RA joints was observed after administration with etanercept compared with the untreated RA joints. The signal changes exhibited by PA imaging were confirmed by clinical observation and histological examinations. This study demonstrated the promising use of EB-enhanced PA imaging for the early diagnosis and its feasibility for RA treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Xiao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310016, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou First People’s HospitalHuzhou 313000, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yufu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
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Yang JM, Ghim CM. Photoacoustic Tomography Opening New Paradigms in Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:239-341. [PMID: 33834440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of the ultrasound, X-ray CT, PET, and MRI, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is now in the phase of its exponential growth, with its expected full maturation being another form of mainstream clinical imaging modality. By combining the high contrast benefit of optical imaging and the high-resolution deep imaging capability of ultrasound, PAT can provide unprecedented anatomical image contrasts at clinically relevant depths as well as enable the use of a variety of functional and molecular imaging information, which is not possible with conventional imaging modalities. With these strengths, PAT has achieved numerous breakthroughs in various biomedical applications and also provided new technical platforms that may be able to resolve unmet issues in clinics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the development of PAT technology for several major biomedical applications and provide an approximate projection of the future of PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Ghim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Staikopoulos V, Qiao S, Liu J, Song X, Yang X, Luo Q, Hutchinson MR, Zhang Z. Graded peripheral nerve injury creates mechanical allodynia proportional to the progression and severity of microglial activity within the spinal cord of male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:568-577. [PMID: 33197546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of microglia within the spinal cord in response to nerve injury, has been associated with the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, the temporal changes in microglial reactivity following nerve injury remains to be defined. Importantly, the magnitude of behavioural allodynia displayed and the relationship to the phenotypic microglial changes is also unexplored. Using a heterozygous CX3CR1gfp+ transgenic mouse strain, we monitored microglial activity as measured by cell density, morphology, process movement and process length over 14 days following chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve via in vivo confocal microscopy. Uniquely this relationship was explored in groups of male mice which had graded nerve injury and associated graded behavioural mechanical nociceptive sensitivity. Significant mechanical allodynia was quantified from the ipsilateral hind paw and this interacted with the extent of nerve injury from day 5 to day 14 (p < 0.009). The extent of this ipsilateral allodynia was proportional to the nerve injury from day 5 to 14 (Spearman rho = -0.58 to -0.77; p < 0.002). This approach allowed for the assessment of the association of spinal microglial changes with the magnitude of the mechanical sensitivity quantified behaviourally. Additionally, the haemodynamic response in the somatosensory cortex was quantified as a surrogate measure of neuronal activity. We found that spinal dorsal horn microglia underwent changes unilateral to the injury in density (Spearman rho = 0.47; p = 0.01), velocity (Spearman rho = -0.68; p = 0.00009), and circularity (Spearman rho = 0.55; p = 0.01) proportional to the degree of the neuronal injury. Importantly, these data demonstrate for the first time that the mechanical allodynia behaviour is not a binary all or nothing state, and that microglial reactivity change proportional to this behavioural measurement. Increased total haemoglobin levels in the somatosensory cortex of higher-grade injured animals was observed when compared to sham controls suggesting increased neuronal activity in this brain region. The degree of phenotypic microglial changes quantified here, may explain how microglia can induce both rapid onset and sustained functional changes in the spinal cord dorsal horn, following peripheral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Staikopoulos
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sha Qiao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xianlin Song
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, PR China.
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12
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Hosseinaee Z, Le M, Bell K, Reza PH. Towards non-contact photoacoustic imaging [review]. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 20:100207. [PMID: 33024694 PMCID: PMC7530308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) takes advantage of both optical and ultrasound imaging properties to visualize optical absorption with high resolution and contrast. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is usually categorized with all-optical microscopy techniques such as optical coherence tomography or confocal microscopes. Despite offering high sensitivity, novel imaging contrast, and high resolution, PAM is not generally an all-optical imaging method unlike the other microscopy techniques. One of the significant limitations of photoacoustic microscopes arises from their need to be in physical contact with the sample through a coupling media. This physical contact, coupling, or immersion of the sample is undesirable or impractical for many clinical and pre-clinical applications. This also limits the flexibility of photoacoustic techniques to be integrated with other all-optical imaging microscopes for providing complementary imaging contrast. To overcome these limitations, several non-contact photoacoustic signal detection approaches have been proposed. This paper presents a brief overview of current non-contact photoacoustic detection techniques with an emphasis on all-optical detection methods and their associated physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hosseinaee
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Martin Le
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevan Bell
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- IllumiSonics Inc., Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Parsin Haji Reza
- PhotoMedicine Labs, Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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13
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Li Y, Li L, Zhu L, Shi J, Maslov K, Wang LV. Photoacoustic topography through an ergodic relay for functional imaging and biometric application in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-8. [PMID: 32648387 PMCID: PMC7347463 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.7.070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Photoacoustic (PA) tomography has demonstrated versatile biomedical applications. However, an array-based PA computed tomography (PACT) system is complex and expensive, whereas a single-element detector-based scanning PA system is too slow to detect some fast biological dynamics in vivo. New PA imaging methods are sought after. AIM To overcome these limitations, we developed photoacoustic topography through an ergodic relay (PATER), a novel high-speed imaging system with a single-element detector. APPROACH PATER images widefield PA signals encoded by the acoustic ergodic relay with a single-laser shot. RESULTS We applied PATER in vivo to monitor changes in oxygen saturation in a mouse brain and also to demonstrate high-speed matching of vascular patterns for biometric authentication. CONCLUSIONS PATER has achieved a high-speed temporal resolution over a large field of view. Our results suggest that PATER is a promising and economical alternative to PACT for fast imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Lei Li
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Liren Zhu
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Junhui Shi
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- California Institute of Technology, Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
- California Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
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14
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Olefir I, Ghazaryan A, Yang H, Malekzadeh-Najafabadi J, Glasl S, Symvoulidis P, O'Leary VB, Sergiadis G, Ntziachristos V, Ovsepian SV. Spatial and Spectral Mapping and Decomposition of Neural Dynamics and Organization of the Mouse Brain with Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2833-2846.e3. [PMID: 30840901 PMCID: PMC6403416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional optical imaging, limited light penetration constrains high-resolution interrogation to tissue surfaces. Optoacoustic imaging combines the superb contrast of optical imaging with deep penetration of ultrasound, enabling a range of new applications. We used multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) for functional and structural neuroimaging in mice at resolution, depth, and specificity unattainable by other neuroimaging modalities. Based on multispectral readouts, we computed hemoglobin gradient and oxygen saturation changes related to processing of somatosensory signals in different structures along the entire subcortical-cortical axis. Using temporal correlation analysis and seed-based maps, we reveal the connectivity between cortical, thalamic, and sub-thalamic formations. With the same modality, high-resolution structural tomography of intact mouse brain was achieved based on endogenous contrasts, demonstrating near-perfect matches with anatomical features revealed by histology. These results extend the limits of noninvasive observations beyond the reach of standard high-resolution neuroimaging, verifying the suitability of MSOT for small-animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Olefir
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ara Ghazaryan
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jaber Malekzadeh-Najafabadi
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Glasl
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Symvoulidis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George Sergiadis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic.
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15
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Haindl R, Deloria AJ, Sturtzel C, Sattmann H, Rohringer W, Fischer B, Andreana M, Unterhuber A, Schwerte T, Distel M, Drexler W, Leitgeb R, Liu M. Functional optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy imaging for zebrafish larvae. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2137-2151. [PMID: 32341872 PMCID: PMC7173920 DOI: 10.1364/boe.390410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a dual modality functional optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy (OCT-PAM) system. The photoacoustic modality employs an akinetic optical sensor with a large imaging window. This imaging window enables direct reflection mode operation, and a seamless integration of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a second imaging modality. Functional extensions to the OCT-PAM system include Doppler OCT (DOCT) and spectroscopic PAM (sPAM). This functional and non-invasive imaging system is applied to image zebrafish larvae, demonstrating its capability to extract both morphological and hemodynamic parameters in vivo in small animals, which are essential and critical in preclinical imaging for physiological, pathophysiological and drug response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Haindl
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abigail J. Deloria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Sattmann
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Marco Andreana
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Leitgeb
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Leng H, Wang Y, Jhang DF, Chu TS, Tsao CH, Tsai CH, Giamundo S, Chen YY, Liao KW, Chuang CC, Ger TR, Chen LT, Liao LD. Characterization of a Fiber Bundle-Based Real-Time Ultrasound/Photoacoustic Imaging System and Its In Vivo Functional Imaging Applications. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10120820. [PMID: 31783545 PMCID: PMC6953120 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an attractive technology for imaging biological tissues because it can capture both functional and structural information with satisfactory spatial resolution. Current commercially available PA imaging systems are limited by their bulky size or inflexible user interface. We present a new handheld real-time ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging system (HARP) consisting of a detachable, high-numerical-aperture (NA) fiber bundle-based illumination system integrated with an array-based ultrasound (US) transducer and a data acquisition platform. In this system, different PA probes can be used for different imaging applications by switching the transducers and the corresponding jackets to combine the fiber pads and transducer into a single probe. The intuitive user interface is a completely programmable MATLAB-based platform. In vitro phantom experiments were conducted to test the imaging performance of the developed PA system. Furthermore, we demonstrated (1) in vivo brain vasculature imaging, (2) in vivo imaging of real-time stimulus-evoked cortical hemodynamic changes during forepaw electrical stimulation, and (3) in vivo imaging of real-time cerebral pharmacokinetics in rats using the developed PA system. The overall purpose of this design concept for a customizable US/PA imaging system is to help overcome the diverse challenges faced by medical researchers performing both preclinical and clinical PA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Leng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - De-Fu Jhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Tsung-Sheng Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chia-Hui Tsao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Chia-Hua Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
| | | | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
| | - Chiung-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Township, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; (H.L.); (D.-F.J.); (C.-H.T.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Song W, Guo G, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Fang H, Min C, Zhu S, Yuan X. In Vivo Reflection-Mode Photoacoustic Microscopy Enhanced by Plasmonic Sensing with an Acoustic Cavity. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2697-2705. [PMID: 31556602 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Relying on high-sensitivity refractive index sensing and a highly constrained evanescent field of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), broadband photoacoustic (PA) pressure transients were measured using an SPR sensor instead of routinely used piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers. An acoustic cavity made from stainless steel and having a designed ellipsoidal inner surface redirected laser-induced PA waves from the PA excitation spot to the SPR sensor. By incorporating the SPR sensor with the acoustic cavity, we developed optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) with multiple advantages, including reflection-mode signal capture, improved PA detection sensitivity, increased PA spectral bandwidth as broad as ∼98 MHz, and micrometer-scale lateral resolution. This allowed label-free volumetric PA imaging of vasculature in not only the thin ear but also the thick forelimb of living mice. With these combined advantages, our OR-PAM system potentially offers more opportunities for biomedical investigation, for example, when studying microcirculations in the eye and cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guangdi Guo
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi’an Additive Manufacturing National Institute, Xi’an JiaoTong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Chonglei Zhang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Changjun Min
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Siwei Zhu
- Institute of Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Centre, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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18
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Wen C, Zhao L, Han T, Li W, Zhang G, Li C. A versatile dark-field acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy system aided by 3D printing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:083704. [PMID: 31472646 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the dark-field acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) was invented over one decade ago, its powerful imaging capability made this system successful. In this work, we designed and tested an AR-PAM system whose key parts are relied on 3D printing and fiber bundles. This new design not only makes it much simpler to develop a robust PAM system, but also the illumination angle is adjustable to aid for different applications. Our simulation study and phantom experiments demonstrated that this design has the comparable performance with traditional dark-field AR-PAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyao Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Abstract
Fuelled by innovation, optical microscopy plays a critical role in the life sciences and medicine, from basic discovery to clinical diagnostics. However, optical microscopy is limited by typical penetration depths of a few hundred micrometres for in vivo interrogations in the visible spectrum. Optoacoustic microscopy complements optical microscopy by imaging the absorption of light, but it is similarly limited by penetration depth. In this Review, we summarize progress in the development and applicability of optoacoustic mesoscopy (OPAM); that is, optoacoustic imaging with acoustic resolution and wide-bandwidth ultrasound detection. OPAM extends the capabilities of optical imaging beyond the depths accessible to optical and optoacoustic microscopy, and thus enables new applications. We explain the operational principles of OPAM, its placement as a bridge between optoacoustic microscopy and optoacoustic macroscopy, and its performance in the label-free visualization of tissue pathophysiology, such as inflammation, oxygenation, vascularization and angiogenesis. We also review emerging applications of OPAM in clinical and biological imaging.
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20
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Gandhi R, Tsoumpas C. Preclinical Imaging Biomarkers for Postischaemic Neurovascular Remodelling. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:3128529. [PMID: 30863220 PMCID: PMC6378027 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3128529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the pursuit of understanding the pathological alterations that underlie ischaemic injuries, such as vascular remodelling and reorganisation, there is a need for recognising the capabilities and limitations of in vivo imaging techniques. Thus, this review presents contemporary published research of imaging modalities that have been implemented to study postischaemic neurovascular changes in small animals. A comparison of the technical aspects of the various imaging tools is included to set the framework for identifying the most appropriate methods to observe postischaemic neurovascular remodelling. A systematic search of the PubMed® and Elsevier's Scopus databases identified studies that were conducted between 2008 and 2018 to explore postischaemic neurovascular remodelling in small animal models. Thirty-five relevant in vivo imaging studies are included, of which most made use of magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, whilst various optical modalities were also utilised. Notably, there is an increasing trend of using multimodal imaging to exploit the most beneficial properties of each imaging technique to elucidate different aspects of neurovascular remodelling. Nevertheless, there is still scope for further utilising noninvasive imaging tools such as contrast agents or radiotracers, which will have the ability to monitor neurovascular changes particularly during restorative therapy. This will facilitate more successful utility of the clinical imaging techniques in the interpretation of neurovascular reorganisation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9NL, West Yorkshire, UK
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21
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Development of Low-Cost Fast Photoacoustic Computed Tomography: System Characterization and Phantom Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A low-cost Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) system consisting of 16 single-element transducers has been developed. Our design proposes a fast rotating mechanism of 360o rotation around the imaging target, generating comparable images to those produced by large-number-element (e.g., 512, 1024, etc.) ring-array PACT systems. The 2D images with a temporal resolution of 1.5 s and a spatial resolution of 240 µm were achieved. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated by imaging complex phantom. The purpose of the proposed development is to provide researchers a low-cost alternative 2D photoacoustic computed tomography system with comparable resolution to the current high performance expensive ring-array PACT systems.
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22
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Wang J, Wang Y. Photoacoustic imaging reconstruction using combined nonlocal patch and total-variation regularization for straight-line scanning. Biomed Eng Online 2018; 17:105. [PMID: 30075784 PMCID: PMC6076421 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-018-0537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For practical straight-line scanning in photoacoustic imaging (PAI), serious artifacts caused by missing data will occur. Traditional total variation (TV)-based algorithms fail to obtain satisfactory results, with an over-smoothed and blurred geometric structure. Therefore, it is important to develop a new algorithm to improve the quality of practical straight-line reconstructed images. Methods In this paper, a combined nonlocal patch and TV-based regularization model for PAI reconstruction is proposed to solve these problems. A modified adaptive nonlocal weight function is adopted to provide more reliable estimations for the similarities between patches. Similar patches are searched for throughout the entire image; thus, this model realizes adaptive search for the neighborhood of the patch. The optimization problem is simplified to a common iterative PAI reconstruction problem. Results and conclusion The proposed algorithm is validated by a series of numerical simulations and an in vitro experiment for straight-line scanning. The results of patch-TV are compared to those of two mainstream TV-based algorithms as well as the iterative algorithm only with patch-based regularization. Moreover, the peak signal-to-noise ratio, the noise robustness, and the convergence and calculation speeds are compared and discussed. The results show that the proposed patch-TV yields significant improvement over the other three algorithms qualitatively and quantitatively. These simulations and experiment indicate that the patch-TV algorithm successfully solves the problems of PAI reconstruction and is highly effective in practical PAI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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23
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Chen L, Ji Y, Hu X, Cui C, Liu H, Tang Y, Qi B, Niu Y, Hu X, Yu A, Fan Q. Cationic poly-l-lysine-encapsulated melanin nanoparticles as efficient photoacoustic agents targeting to glycosaminoglycans for the early diagnosis of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13471-13484. [PMID: 29972184 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03791d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration is the hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) and its early diagnosis is essential for effective cartilage repair. However, until now, there was still a lack of imaging modalities that can accurately detect and evaluate cartilage degeneration in its early stage. Herein, we introduce endogenous melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) encapsulated by poly-l-lysine (PLL) as positively charged contrast agents for the accurate photoacoustic (PA) imaging of cartilage degeneration through its strong electrostatic interaction with anionic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the cartilage. PLL-MNPs presented high PA intensity, photostability and biocompatibility. In vitro PAI studies showed that PLL-MNPs with a zeta potential of +32.5 ± 9.3 mV had more cartilage uptake and longer retention time than anionic MNPs, and generated a positive relationship with the GAG content in the cartilage. After administration via intra-articular injection in living mouse models, PLL-MNPs exhibited about a two-fold stronger PA signal in a normal joint (with high GAG content) than an OA joint (with low GAG content). Furthermore, the obtained PAI results provided accurate information of the GAG content distribution in the OA knee joint. Consequently, by detecting and analyzing the changes of the GAG content in OA cartilage using PAI, we can clearly distinguish early OA from late OA and monitor the therapeutic efficacy in OA after drug treatment. All PAI results were examined histologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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An L, Cox BT. Estimating relative chromophore concentrations from multiwavelength photoacoustic images using independent component analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29992796 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.076007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Independent component analysis (ICA) is an unmixing method based on a linear model. It has previously been applied in in vivo multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging studies to unmix the components representing individual chromophores by assuming that they are statistically independent. Numerically simulated and experimentally acquired two-dimensional images of tissue-mimicking phantoms are used to investigate the conditions required for ICA to give accurate estimates of the relative chromophore concentrations. A simple approximate fluence correction was applied to reduce but not completely remove the nonlinear fluence distortion, as might be possible in practice. The results show that ICA is robust against the residual effect of the partially corrected fluence distortion. ICA is shown to provide accurate unmixing of the chromophores when the absorption coefficient is within a certain range of values, where the upper absorption threshold is comparable to the absorption of blood. When the absorption is increased beyond these thresholds, ICA abruptly fails to unmix the chromophores accurately. The ICA approach was compared to a linear spectroscopic inversion (SI) with known absorption spectra. In cases where the mixing matrix with the specific absorption spectra is ill-conditioned, ICA is able to provide accurate unmixing when SI results in large errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu An
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Cox
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Li M, Tang Y, Yao J. Photoacoustic tomography of blood oxygenation: A mini review. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 10:65-73. [PMID: 29988848 PMCID: PMC6033062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a hybrid imaging modality that combines rich contrast of optical excitation and deep penetration of ultrasound detection. With its unique optical absorption contrast mechanism, PAT is inherently sensitive to the functional and molecular information of biological tissues, and thus has been widely used in preclinical and clinical studies. Among many functional capabilities of PAT, measuring blood oxygenation is arguably one of the most important applications, and has been widely performed in photoacoustic studies of brain functions, tumor hypoxia, wound healing, and cancer therapy. Yet, the complex optical conditions of biological tissues, especially the strong wavelength-dependent optical attenuation, have long hurdled the PAT measurement of blood oxygenation at depths beyond a few millimeters. A variety of PAT methods have been developed to improve the accuracy of blood oxygenation measurement, using novel laser illumination schemes, oxygen-sensitive fluorescent dyes, comprehensive mathematic models, or prior information provided by complementary imaging modalities. These novel methods have made exciting progress, while several challenges remain. This concise review aims to introduce the recent developments in photoacoustic blood oxygenation measurement, compare each method's advantages and limitations, highlight their representative applications, and discuss the remaining challenges for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junjie Yao
- Photoacoustic Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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26
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Kalva SK, Hui ZZ, Pramanik M. Calibrating reconstruction radius in a multi single-element ultrasound-transducer-based photoacoustic computed tomography system. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:764-771. [PMID: 29726481 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In a circular scanning photoacoustic computed tomography (PAT/PACT) system, a single-element ultrasound transducer (SUT) (rotates in full 360° around the sample) or a full-ring array transducer is used to acquire the photoacoustic (PA) data from the target object. SUT takes several minutes to acquire the PA data, whereas the full-ring array transducer takes only few seconds. Hence, for real-time imaging, full-ring circular array transducers are preferred. However, these are custom built, very expensive, and not available readily on the market, whereas SUTs are cheap and easily available. Thus, PACT systems can be made cost effective by using SUTs. To improve the data acquisition speed, multiple SUTs can be employed at the same time. This will reduce the acquisition time by N-fold if N numbers of SUTs are used, each rotating 360/N degrees. Experimentally, all SUTs cannot be placed exactly at the same distance from the scanning center. Hence, the acquired PA data from each transducer need to be reconstructed with their corresponding radii in a delay-and-sum reconstruction algorithm. This requires the exact location of each SUT from the scanning center. Here, we propose a calibration method to find out the distance from the scanning center at which each SUT acquires the PA data. Three numerical phantoms were used to show the efficacy of the proposed method, and later it was validated with experimental data (point source phantom).
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27
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Photoacoustic microscopy: principles and biomedical applications. Biomed Eng Lett 2018; 8:203-213. [PMID: 30603203 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-018-0067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has become an increasingly popular technology for biomedical applications, providing anatomical, functional, and molecular information. In this concise review, we first introduce the basic principles and typical system designs of PAM, including optical-resolution PAM and acoustic-resolution PAM. The major imaging characteristics of PAM, i.e. spatial resolutions, penetration depth, and scanning approach are discussed in detail. Then, we introduce the major biomedical applications of PAM, including anatomical imaging across scales from cellular level to organismal level, label-free functional imaging using endogenous biomolecules, and molecular imaging using exogenous contrast agents. Lastly, we discuss the technical and engineering challenges of PAM in the translation to potential clinical impacts.
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28
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Kang H, Lee SW, Park SM, Cho SW, Lee JY, Kim CS, Lee TG. Real-time functional optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using high-speed alternating illumination at 532 and 1064 nm. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11. [PMID: 28945324 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), which has been widely used and studied as a noninvasive and in vivo imaging technique, can yield high-resolution and absorption contrast images. Recently, metallic nanoparticles and dyes, such as gold nanoparticles, methylene blue, and indocyanine green, have been used as contrast agents of OR-PAM. This study demonstrates real-time functional OR-PAM images with high-speed alternating illumination at 2 wavelengths. To generate 2 wavelengths, second harmonic generation at 532 nm with an LBO crystal and a pump wavelength of 1064 nm is applied at a pulse repetition rate of 300 kHz. For alternating illumination, an electro-optical modulator is used as an optical switch. Therefore, the A-line rate for the functional image is 150 kHz, which is half of the laser repetition rate. To enable fast signal processing and real-time displays, parallel signal processing using a graphics processing unit (GPU) is performed. OR-PAM images of the distribution of blood vessels and gold nanorods in a BALB/c-nude mouse's ear can be simultaneously obtained with 500 × 500 pixels and real-time display at 0.49 fps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Kang
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Min Park
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon-Woo Cho
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Center for Length, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Nano Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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29
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Duffy MJ, Planas O, Faust A, Vogl T, Hermann S, Schäfers M, Nonell S, Strassert CA. Towards optimized naphthalocyanines as sonochromes for photoacoustic imaging in vivo. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 9:49-61. [PMID: 29707479 PMCID: PMC5914198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we establish a methodology to predict photoacoustic imaging capabilities from the structure of absorber molecules (sonochromes). The comparative in vitro and in vivo screening of naphthalocyanines and cyanine dyes has shown a substitution pattern dependent shift in photoacoustic excitation wavelength, with distal substitution producing the preferred maximum around 800 nm. Central ion change showed variable production of photoacoustic signals, as well as singlet oxygen photoproduction and fluorescence with the optimum for photoacoustic imaging being nickel(II). Our approach paves the way for the design, evaluation and realization of optimized sonochromes as photoacoustic contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J. Duffy
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Oriol Planas
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain
| | - Andreas Faust
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institut für Immunologie, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Germany
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) University of Münster, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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30
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Pushing the Boundaries of Neuroimaging with Optoacoustics. Neuron 2017; 96:966-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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An Efficient Compensation Method for Limited-View Photoacoustic Imaging Reconstruction Based on Gerchberg–Papoulis Extrapolation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Li L, Zhu L, Ma C, Lin L, Yao J, Wang L, Maslov K, Zhang R, Chen W, Shi J, Wang LV. Single-impulse Panoramic Photoacoustic Computed Tomography of Small-animal Whole-body Dynamics at High Spatiotemporal Resolution. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:0071. [PMID: 29333331 PMCID: PMC5766044 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of small animals has played an indispensable role in preclinical research by providing high dimensional physiological, pathological, and phenotypic insights with clinical relevance. Yet pure optical imaging suffers from either shallow penetration (up to ~1-2 mm) or a poor depth-to-resolution ratio (~1/3), and non-optical techniques for whole-body imaging of small animals lack either spatiotemporal resolution or functional contrast. Here, we demonstrate that standalone single-impulse photoacoustic computed tomography (SIP-PACT) mitigates these limitations by combining high spatiotemporal resolution (125-µm in-plane resolution, 50 µs / frame data acquisition and 50-Hz frame rate), deep penetration (48-mm cross-sectional width in vivo), anatomical, dynamical and functional contrasts, and full-view fidelity. By using SIP-PACT, we imaged in vivo whole-body dynamics of small animals in real time and obtained clear sub-organ anatomical and functional details. We tracked unlabeled circulating melanoma cells and imaged the vasculature and functional connectivity of whole rat brains. SIP-PACT holds great potential for both pre-clinical imaging and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Liren Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Lidai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130
| | - Junhui Shi
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125
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33
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Kalva SK, Pramanik M. Use of acoustic reflector to make a compact photoacoustic tomography system. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:26009. [PMID: 28241275 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.026009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A typical photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system uses a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for irradiating the sample and a single-element ultrasound transducer (UST) for acquiring the photoacoustic data. Conventionally, in PAT systems, the UST is held in a horizontal position and moved in a circular motion around the sample in full 2 ? radians. Horizontal positioning of the UST requires a large water tank to house, and load on the motor is also high. To overcome this limitation, we used the UST in the vertical plane instead of the horizontal plane. The photoacoustic (PA) waves generated from the sample are directed to the detector surface using an acoustic reflector placed at 45 deg to the transducer body. Hence, we can reduce the scanning radius, which, in turn, will reduce the size of the water tank and load on the motor, and the overall conventional PAT system size can be minimized. In this work, we demonstrate that with this system configuration, we acquire nearly similar images for phantom and in vivo data as that of the conventional PAT system using both flat and focused USTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Kalva
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
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34
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Bayer CL, Wlodarczyk BJ, Finnell RH, Emelianov SY. Ultrasound-guided spectral photoacoustic imaging of hemoglobin oxygenation during development. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:757-763. [PMID: 28270982 PMCID: PMC5330552 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Few technologies are capable of imaging in vivo function during development. In this study, we have implemented spectral photoacoustic imaging to estimate tissue oxygenation longitudinally in pregnant mice. We used the spectral photoacoustic signal to estimate hemoglobin oxygen saturation within intact, in vivo mouse concepti from developmental day (E) 8.5 to E16.5-a first step towards functional imaging of the maternal-fetal environment. Future work will apply these methods to compare longitudinal functional changes during normal vs abnormal development of embryos, fetuses, and placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L. Bayer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Currently with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 500 Lindy Boggs Center, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Currently with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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35
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Gao F, Bai L, Feng X, Tham HP, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhao L, Zheng Y, Zhao Y. Remarkable In Vivo Nonlinear Photoacoustic Imaging Based on Near-Infrared Organic Dyes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5239-5244. [PMID: 27490362 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two near-infrared dyes featuring good dispersion and light-harvesting property present a remarkable nonlinear photoacoustic response in vitro and in vivo comparing with conventional gold nanorods. This study benefits the fabrication of drug delivery platforms with accurate targeting and control effect under photoacoustic image guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Linyi Bai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Huijun Phoebe Tham
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Ruochong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Lingzhi Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798.
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36
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Jiang B, Yang X, Luo Q. Reflection-mode Bessel-beam photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo imaging of cerebral capillaries. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20167-76. [PMID: 27607624 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A reflection-mode Bessel-beam photoacoustic microscope (BB-PAM) is developed for the in vivo imaging of cerebral capillaries with extended depth of field (DoF). The non-diffraction characteristic of Bessel beams means that a larger DoF can be expected in the PAM compared to that using a Gaussian beam (GB). In our system, we generate the Bessel beam using an axicon and an annular mask. The lateral resolution of the system is estimated to be 1.6 μm. The DoF is measured to be 483 μm, and this is verified by imaging a carbon fiber network. The DoF of BB-PAM is about 7 times that of a GB-PAM. The cerebral vasculature of an open-skull mouse is imaged using the developed BB-PAM to demonstrate its in vivo imaging capability and advantages over GB-PAM.
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37
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Kneipp M, Turner J, Estrada H, Rebling J, Shoham S, Razansky D. Effects of the murine skull in optoacoustic brain microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:117-23. [PMID: 25919801 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great promise behind the recent introduction of optoacoustic technology into the arsenal of small-animal neuroimaging methods, a variety of acoustic and light-related effects introduced by adult murine skull severely compromise the performance of optoacoustics in transcranial imaging. As a result, high-resolution noninvasive optoacoustic microscopy studies are still limited to a thin layer of pial microvasculature, which can be effectively resolved by tight focusing of the excitation light. We examined a range of distortions introduced by an adult murine skull in transcranial optoacoustic imaging under both acoustically- and optically-determined resolution scenarios. It is shown that strong low-pass filtering characteristics of the skull may significantly deteriorate the achievable spatial resolution in deep brain imaging where no light focusing is possible. While only brain vasculature with a diameter larger than 60 µm was effectively resolved via transcranial measurements with acoustic resolution, significant improvements are seen through cranial windows and thinned skull experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kneipp
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jake Turner
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Héctor Estrada
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Rebling
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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38
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Yao J, Wang L, Yang JM, Maslov KI, Wong TTW, Li L, Huang CH, Zou J, Wang LV. High-speed label-free functional photoacoustic microscopy of mouse brain in action. Nat Methods 2015; 12:407-10. [PMID: 25822799 PMCID: PMC4428901 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present fast functional photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for three-dimensional high-resolution, high-speed imaging of the mouse brain, complementary to other imaging modalities. We implemented a single-wavelength pulse-width-based method with a one-dimensional imaging rate of 100 kHz to image blood oxygenation with capillary-level resolution. We applied PAM to image the vascular morphology, blood oxygenation, blood flow and oxygen metabolism in both resting and stimulated states in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lidai Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joon-Mo Yang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Konstantin I Maslov
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Terence T W Wong
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chih-Hsien Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lihong V Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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39
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Balasundaram G, Ho CJH, Li K, Driessen W, Dinish US, Wong CL, Ntziachristos V, Liu B, Olivo M. Molecular photoacoustic imaging of breast cancer using an actively targeted conjugated polymer. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:387-97. [PMID: 25609951 PMCID: PMC4294657 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are upcoming optical contrast agents in view of their unique optical properties and versatile synthetic chemistry. Biofunctionalization of these polymer-based nanoparticles enables molecular imaging of biological processes. In this work, we propose the concept of using a biofunctionalized CP for noninvasive photoacoustic (PA) molecular imaging of breast cancer. In particular, after verifying the PA activity of a CP nanoparticle (CP dots) in phantoms and the targeting efficacy of a folate-functionalized version of the same (folate-CP dots) in vitro, we systemically administered the probe into a folate receptor-positive (FR+ve) MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft model to demonstrate the possible application of folate-CP dots for imaging FR+ve breast cancers in comparison to CP dots with no folate moieties. We observed a strong PA signal at the tumor site of folate-CP dots-administered mice as early as 1 hour after administration as a result of the active targeting of the folate-CP dots to the FR+ve tumor cells but a weak PA signal at the tumor site of CP-dots-administered mice as a result of the passive accumulation of the probe by enhanced permeability and retention effect. We also observed that folate-CP dots produced ~4-fold enhancement in the PA signal in the tumor, when compared to CP dots. These observations demonstrate the great potential of this active-targeting CP to be used as a contrast agent for molecular PA diagnostic imaging in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Wouter Driessen
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - U S Dinish
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Chi Lok Wong
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore ; School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Kong KV, Leong WK, Lam Z, Gong T, Goh D, Lau WKO, Olivo M. A rapid and label-free SERS detection method for biomarkers in clinical biofluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:5030-5034. [PMID: 25111592 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A metal carbonyl-functionalized nanostructured substrate can be used in a rapid and simple assay for the detection of A1AT, a potential biomarker for bladder cancer, in clinical urine samples. The assay involves monitoring changes in the carbonyl stretching vibrations of the metal carbonyl via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). These vibrations lie in the absorption spectral window of 1800-2200 cm(-1), which is free of any spectral interference from biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Voon Kong
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138667, Singapore
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41
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Low-frequency calcium oscillations accompany deoxyhemoglobin oscillations in rat somatosensory cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4677-86. [PMID: 25313035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals are used to map brain functional connectivity with functional MRI, but their source is not well understood. Here we used optical imaging to assess whether LFOs from vascular signals covary with oscillatory intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)i) and with local field potentials in the rat's somatosensory cortex. We observed that the frequency of Ca(2+)i oscillations in tissue (∼0.07 Hz) was similar to the LFOs of deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) in both large blood vessels and capillaries. The HbR and HbO2 fluctuations within tissue correlated with Ca(2+)i oscillations with a lag time of ∼5-6 s. The Ca(2+)i and hemoglobin oscillations were insensitive to hypercapnia. In contrast, cerebral-blood-flow velocity (CBFv) in arteries and veins fluctuated at a higher frequency (∼0.12 Hz) and was sensitive to hypercapnia. However, in parenchymal tissue, CBFv oscillated with peaks at both ∼0.06 Hz and ∼0.12 Hz. Although the higher-frequency CBFv oscillation (∼0.12 Hz) was decreased by hypercapnia, its lower-frequency component (∼0.06 Hz) was not. The sensitivity of the higher CBFV oscillations to hypercapnia, which triggers blood vessel vasodilation, suggests its dependence on vascular effects that are distinct from the LFOs detected in HbR, HbO2, Ca(2+)i, and the lower-frequency tissue CBFv, which were insensitive to hypercapnia. Hemodynamic LFOs correlated both with Ca(2+)i and neuronal firing (local field potentials), indicating that they directly reflect neuronal activity (perhaps also glial). These findings show that HbR fluctuations (basis of BOLD oscillations) are linked to oscillatory cellular activity and detectable throughout the vascular tree (arteries, capillaries, and veins).
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42
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Lutzweiler C, Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Expediting model-based optoacoustic reconstructions with tomographic symmetries. Med Phys 2014; 41:013302. [PMID: 24387532 DOI: 10.1118/1.4846055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Image quantification in optoacoustic tomography implies the use of accurate forward models of excitation, propagation, and detection of optoacoustic signals while inversions with high spatial resolution usually involve very large matrices, leading to unreasonably long computation times. The development of fast and memory efficient model-based approaches represents then an important challenge to advance on the quantitative and dynamic imaging capabilities of tomographic optoacoustic imaging. METHODS Herein, a method for simplification and acceleration of model-based inversions, relying on inherent symmetries present in common tomographic acquisition geometries, has been introduced. The method is showcased for the case of cylindrical symmetries by using polar image discretization of the time-domain optoacoustic forward model combined with efficient storage and inversion strategies. RESULTS The suggested methodology is shown to render fast and accurate model-based inversions in both numerical simulations and post mortem small animal experiments. In case of a full-view detection scheme, the memory requirements are reduced by one order of magnitude while high-resolution reconstructions are achieved at video rate. CONCLUSIONS By considering the rotational symmetry present in many tomographic optoacoustic imaging systems, the proposed methodology allows exploiting the advantages of model-based algorithms with feasible computational requirements and fast reconstruction times, so that its convenience and general applicability in optoacoustic imaging systems with tomographic symmetries is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lutzweiler
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraβe 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straβe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraβe 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straβe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraβe 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straβe 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Ho CJH, Balasundaram G, Driessen W, McLaren R, Wong CL, Dinish US, Attia ABE, Ntziachristos V, Olivo M. Multifunctional photosensitizer-based contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5342. [PMID: 24938638 PMCID: PMC4061552 DOI: 10.1038/srep05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging is a novel hybrid imaging modality combining the high spatial resolution of optical imaging with the high penetration depth of ultrasound imaging. Here, for the first time, we evaluate the efficacy of various photosensitizers that are widely used as photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents as photoacoustic contrast agents. Photoacoustic imaging of photosensitizers exhibits advantages over fluorescence imaging, which is prone to photobleaching and autofluorescence interference. In this work, we examined the photoacoustic activity of 5 photosensitizers: zinc phthalocyanine, protoporphyrin IX, 2,4-bis [4-(N,N-dibenzylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine, chlorin e6 and methylene blue in phantoms, among which zinc phthalocyanine showed the highest photoacoustic activity. Subsequently, we evaluated its tumor localization efficiency and biodistribution at multiple time points in a murine model using photoacoustic imaging. We observed that the probe localized at the tumor within 10 minutes post injection, reaching peak accumulation around 1 hour and was cleared within 24 hours, thus, demonstrating the potential of photosensitizers as photoacoustic imaging contrast agents in vivo. This means that the known advantages of photosensitizers such as preferential tumor uptake and PDT efficacy can be combined with photoacoustic imaging capabilities to achieve longitudinal monitoring of cancer progression and therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jun Hui Ho
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Wouter Driessen
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- iThera Medical, GmbH, Germany
| | - Ross McLaren
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Chi Lok Wong
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - U. S. Dinish
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | | | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Malini Olivo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Yao J, Wang LV. Sensitivity of photoacoustic microscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2014; 2:87-101. [PMID: 25302158 PMCID: PMC4182819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Building on its high spatial resolution, deep penetration depth and excellent image contrast, 3D photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has grown tremendously since its first publication in 2005. Integrating optical excitation and acoustic detection, PAM has broken through both the optical diffusion and optical diffraction limits. PAM has 100% relative sensitivity to optical absorption (i.e., a given percentage change in the optical absorption coefficient yields the same percentage change in the photoacoustic amplitude), and its ultimate detection sensitivity is limited only by thermal noise. Focusing on the engineering aspects of PAM, this Review discusses the detection sensitivity of PAM, compares the detection efficiency of different PAM designs, and summarizes the imaging performance of various endogenous and exogenous contrast agents. It then describes representative PAM applications with high detection sensitivity, and outlines paths to further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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45
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Yao J, Wang LV. Photoacoustic Brain Imaging: from Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales. NEUROPHOTONICS 2014; 1:1877516. [PMID: 25401121 PMCID: PMC4232215 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.1.1.011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Human brain mapping has become one of the most exciting contemporary research areas, with major breakthroughs expected in the following decades. Modern brain imaging techniques have allowed neuroscientists to gather a wealth of anatomic and functional information about the brain. Among these techniques, by virtue of its rich optical absorption contrast, high spatial and temporal resolutions, and deep penetration, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has attracted more and more attention, and is playing an increasingly important role in brain studies. In particular, PAT complements other brain imaging modalities by providing high-resolution functional and metabolic imaging. More importantly, PAT's unique scalability enables scrutinizing the brain at both microscopic and macroscopic scales, using the same imaging contrast. In this Review, we present the state-of-the-art PAT techniques for brain imaging, summarize representative neuroscience applications, outline the technical challenges in translating PAT to human brain imaging, and envision potential technological deliverables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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46
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Luk AT, Ha S, Nouizi F, Thayer D, Lin Y, Gulsen G. A True Multi-modality Approach for High Resolution Optical Imaging: Photo-Magnetic Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 8937. [PMID: 25767691 DOI: 10.1117/12.2040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multi-modality imaging leverages the competitive advantage of different imaging systems to improve the overall resolution and quantitative accuracy. Our new technique, Photo-Magnetic Imaging (PMI) is one of these true multi-modality imaging approaches, which can provide quantitative optical absorption map at MRI spatial resolution. PMI uses laser light to illuminate tissue and elevate its temperature while utilizing MR thermometry to measure the laser-induced temperature variation with high spatial resolution. The high-resolution temperature maps are later converted to tissue absorption maps by a finite element based inverse solver that is based on modeling of photon migration and heat diffusion in tissue. Previously, we have demonstrated the feasibility of PMI with phantom studies. Recently, we have managed to reduce the laser power under ANSI limit for maximum skin exposure therefore, we have well positioned PMI for in vivo imaging. Currently we are expanding our system by adding multi-wavelength imaging capability. This will allow us not only to resolve spatial distribution of tissue chromophores but also exogenous contrast agents. Although we test PMIs feasibility with animal studies, our future goal is to use PMI for breast cancer imaging due to its high translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Luk
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging and Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Seunghoon Ha
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging and Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Farouk Nouizi
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging and Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - David Thayer
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging and Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yuting Lin
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging and Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gultekin Gulsen
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging and Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, California 92697
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Kong KV, Liao LD, Lam Z, Thakor NV, Leong WK, Olivo M. Organometallic carbonyl clusters: a new class of contrast agents for photoacoustic cerebral vascular imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2601-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The strong photoacoustic signal of a water soluble osmium carbonyl cluster allowed it to be employed as a contrast agent to image the cerebral vasculature of a rat. The high stability and low toxicity of such a compound make it an excellent candidate in such biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Voon Kong
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research
- Singapore
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE)
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Zhiyong Lam
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Nitish V. Thakor
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE)
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- John Hopkins University
| | - Weng Kee Leong
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research
- Singapore
- School of Physics
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48
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Liao LD, Orellana J, Liu YH, Lin YR, Vipin A, Thakor NV, Shen K, Wilder-Smith E. Imaging of temperature dependent hemodynamics in the rat sciatic nerve by functional photoacoustic microscopy. Biomed Eng Online 2013; 12:120. [PMID: 24245952 PMCID: PMC4225521 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular hemodynamics is central to the regulation of neuro-metabolism and plays important roles in peripheral nerves diseases and their prevention. However, at present there are only a few techniques capable of directly measuring peripheral nerve vascular hemodynamics. Method Here, we investigate the use of dark-field functional photoacoustic microscopy (fPAM) for intrinsic visualizing of the relative hemodynamics of the rat sciatic nerve in response to localized temperature modulation (i.e., cooling and rewarming). Results and conclusion Our main results show that the relative functional total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) is more significantly correlated with localized temperature changes than the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) changes in the sciatic nerve. Our study also indicates that the relative HbT changes are better markers of neuronal activation than SO2 during nerve temperature changes. Our results show that fPAM is a promising candidate for in vivo imaging of peripheral nerve hemodynamics without the use of contrast agents. Additionally, this technique may shed light on the neuroprotective effect of hypothermia on peripheral nerves by visualizing their intrinsic hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaiquan Shen
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Yao J, Wang LV. Photoacoustic Microscopy. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2013; 7:10.1002/lpor.201200060. [PMID: 24416085 PMCID: PMC3887369 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a hybrid in vivo imaging technique that acoustically detects optical contrast via the photoacoustic effect. Unlike pure optical microscopic techniques, PAM takes advantage of the weak acoustic scattering in tissue and thus breaks through the optical diffusion limit (~1 mm in soft tissue). With its excellent scalability, PAM can provide high-resolution images at desired maximum imaging depths up to a few millimeters. Compared with backscattering-based confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, PAM provides absorption contrast instead of scattering contrast. Furthermore, PAM can image more molecules, endogenous or exogenous, at their absorbing wavelengths than fluorescence-based methods, such as wide-field, confocal, and multi-photon microscopy. Most importantly, PAM can simultaneously image anatomical, functional, molecular, flow dynamic and metabolic contrasts in vivo. Focusing on state-of-the-art developments in PAM, this Review discusses the key features of PAM implementations and their applications in biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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50
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Yuan J, Xu G, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Carson PL, Wang X, Liu X. Real-time photoacoustic and ultrasound dual-modality imaging system facilitated with graphics processing unit and code parallel optimization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:86001. [PMID: 23907277 PMCID: PMC3733419 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.8.086001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) offers structural and functional imaging of living biological tissue with highly sensitive optical absorption contrast and excellent spatial resolution comparable to medical ultrasound (US) imaging. We report the development of a fully integrated PAT and US dual-modality imaging system, which performs signal scanning, image reconstruction, and display for both photoacoustic (PA) and US imaging all in a truly real-time manner. The back-projection (BP) algorithm for PA image reconstruction is optimized to reduce the computational cost and facilitate parallel computation on a state of the art graphics processing unit (GPU) card. For the first time, PAT and US imaging of the same object can be conducted simultaneously and continuously, at a real-time frame rate, presently limited by the laser repetition rate of 10 Hz. Noninvasive PAT and US imaging of human peripheral joints in vivo were achieved, demonstrating the satisfactory image quality realized with this system. Another experiment, simultaneous PAT and US imaging of contrast agent flowing through an artificial vessel, was conducted to verify the performance of this system for imaging fast biological events. The GPU-based image reconstruction software code for this dual-modality system is open source and available for download from http://sourceforge.net/projects/patrealtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Nanjing University, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guan Xu
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Yao Yu
- Nanjing University, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Nanjing University, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Paul L. Carson
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Xueding Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Address all correspondence to: Xueding Wang, University of Michigan, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Tel: +1-734-647-2728; Fax: +1-734-764-8541; E-mail:
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Nanjing University, School of Physics, Nanjing 210093, China
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