1
|
Yang H, Majumder JA, Huang Z, Saluja D, Laurita K, Rollins AM, Hendon CP. Robust, high-density lesion mapping in the left atrium with near-infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:028001. [PMID: 38419756 PMCID: PMC10901242 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.2.028001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures for atrial fibrillation frequently fail to prevent recurrence, partially due to limitations in assessing extent of ablation. Optical spectroscopy shows promise in assessing RFA lesion formation but has not been validated in conditions resembling those in vivo. Aim Catheter-based near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to porcine hearts to demonstrate that spectrally derived optical indices remain accurate in blood and at oblique incidence angles. Approach Porcine left atria were ablated and mapped using a custom-fabricated NIRS catheter. Each atrium was mapped first in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) then in porcine blood. Results NIRS measurements showed little angle dependence up to 60 deg. A trained random forest model predicted lesions with a sensitivity of 81.7%, a specificity of 86.1%, and a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.921. Predicted lesion maps achieved a mean structural similarity index of 0.749 and a mean normalized inner product of 0.867 when comparing maps obtained in PBS and blood. Conclusions Catheter-based NIRS can precisely detect RFA lesions on left atria submerged in blood. Optical parameters are reliable in blood and without perpendicular contact, confirming their ability to provide useful feedback during in vivo RFA procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Yang
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, New York, United States
| | - Jonah A. Majumder
- Columbia University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, United States
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, New York, United States
| | - Deepak Saluja
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Kenneth Laurita
- MetroHealth Hospital, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Columbia University, Department of Electrical Engineering, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Losch MS, Heintz JD, Edström E, Elmi-Terander A, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Fiber-Optic Pedicle Probes to Advance Spine Surgery through Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:61. [PMID: 38247938 PMCID: PMC10813258 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) can provide tissue feedback for pedicle screw placement in spine surgery, yet the integration of fiber optics into the tip of the pedicle probe, a device used to pierce through bone, is challenging, since the optical probing depth and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are affected negatively compared to those of a blunt DRS probe. Through Monte Carlo simulations and optical phantom experiments, we show how differences in the shape of the instrument tip influence the acquired spectrum. Our findings demonstrate that a single bevel with an angle of 30∘ offers a solution to anticipate cortical breaches during pedicle screw placement. Compared to a blunt probe, the optical probing depth and SNR of a cone tip are reduced by 50%. The single bevel tip excels with 75% of the optical probing depth and a SNR remaining at approximately ⅔, facilitating the construction of a surgical instrument with integrated DRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle S. Losch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2627 CD Delft, The Netherlands (J.D.)
| | - Justin D. Heintz
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2627 CD Delft, The Netherlands (J.D.)
| | - Erik Edström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Capio Spine Center, 115 26 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Elmi-Terander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Capio Spine Center, 115 26 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2627 CD Delft, The Netherlands (J.D.)
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2627 CD Delft, The Netherlands (J.D.)
- Image Guided Therapy and Ultrasound Devices and System Department, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chaudhry N, Albinsson J, Cinthio M, Kröll S, Malmsjö M, Rydén L, Sheikh R, Reistad N, Zackrisson S. Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Extended-Wavelength-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (EW-DRS)-Proof of Concept in Ex Vivo Breast Specimens Using Machine Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3076. [PMID: 37835819 PMCID: PMC10572577 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to distinguish malignant breast tissue from adjacent healthy tissue, and to evaluate if an extended-wavelength range (450-1550 nm) has an advantage over the standard wavelength range (450-900 nm). Multivariate statistics and machine learning algorithms, either linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or support vector machine (SVM) are used to distinguish the two tissue types in breast specimens (total or partial mastectomy) from 23 female patients with primary breast cancer. EW-DRS has a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 91% as compared to a sensitivity of 40% and specificity of 71% using the standard wavelength range. The results suggest that DRS can discriminate between malignant and healthy breast tissue, with improved outcomes using an extended wavelength. It is also possible to construct a simple analytical model to improve the diagnostic performance of the DRS technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chaudhry
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - John Albinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Stefan Kröll
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (S.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (J.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nina Reistad
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (S.K.); (N.R.)
| | - Sophia Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee G, Jeong WH, Kim B, Jeon S, Smith AM, Seo J, Suzuki K, Kim JY, Lee H, Choi H, Chung DS, Choi J, Choi H, Lim SJ. Design and Synthesis of CdHgSe/HgS/CdZnS Core/Multi-Shell Quantum Dots Exhibiting High-Quantum-Yield Tissue-Penetrating Shortwave Infrared Luminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301161. [PMID: 37127870 PMCID: PMC11341011 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cdx Hg1- x Se/HgS/Cdy Zn1- y S core/multi-shell quantum dots (QDs) exhibiting bright tissue-penetrating shortwave infrared (SWIR; 1000-1700 nm) photoluminescence (PL) are engineered. The new structure consists of a quasi-type-II Cdx Hg1- x Se/HgS core/inner shell domain creating luminescent bandgap tunable across SWIR window and a wide-bandgap Cdy Zn1- y S outer shell boosting the PL quantum yield (QY). This compositional sequence also facilitates uniform and coherent shell growth by minimizing interfacial lattice mismatches, resulting in high QYs in both organic (40-80%) and aqueous (20-70%) solvents with maximum QYs of 87 and 73%, respectively, which are comparable to those of brightest visible-to-near infrared QDs. Moreover, they maintain bright PL in a photocurable resin (QY 40%, peak wavelength ≈ 1300 nm), enabling the fabrication of SWIR-luminescent composites of diverse morphology and concentration. These composites are used to localize controlled amounts of SWIR QDs inside artificial (Intralipid) and porcine tissues and quantitatively evaluate the applicability as luminescent probes for deep-tissue imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyudong Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanotechnology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyeon Jeong
- Division of Nanotechnology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomjoo Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoong Jeon
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- IMsystem Corp., DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UIUC, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, UIUC, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, UIUC, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Applied Spectroscopy System Department, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 812 Joko-Cho, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu City, 431-3196, Japan
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunki Lee
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Division of Intelligent Robot, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Choi
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jun Lim
- Division of Nanotechnology, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rienda I, Moro E, Pérez-Rubio Á, Trullenque-Juan R, Pérez-Guaita D, Lendl B, Kuligowski J, Castell JV, Pérez-Rojas J, Pareja E, Quintás G. Comparing the direct assessment of steatosis in liver explants with mid- and near-infrared vibrational spectroscopy, prior to organ transplantation. Analyst 2023; 148:3986-3991. [PMID: 37539806 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01184d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A fast and accurate assessment of liver steatosis is crucial during liver transplantation surgery as it can negatively impact its success. Recent research has shown that near-infrared (NIR) and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform mid-infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy could be used as real-time quantitative tools to assess steatosis during abdominal surgery. Here, in the frame of a clinical study, we explore the performance of NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the direct assessment of steatosis in liver tissues. Results show that both NIR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy are able to quantify the % of steatosis with cross-validation errors of 1.4 and 1.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the two portable instruments used both provided results within seconds and can be placed inside an operating room evidencing the potential of IR spectroscopy for initial characterization of grafts in liver transplantation surgery. We also evaluated the complementarity of the spectral ranges through correlation spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rienda
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erika Moro
- Dept. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pérez-Rubio
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Trullenque-Juan
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose V Castell
- Dept. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Unit for Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Pérez-Rojas
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eugenia Pareja
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Unit for Experimental Hepatology, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Veluponnar D, Dashtbozorg B, Jong LJS, Geldof F, Da Silva Guimaraes M, Vrancken Peeters MJTFD, van Duijnhoven F, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM, de Boer LL. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for accurate margin assessment in breast-conserving surgeries: importance of an optimal number of fibers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4017-4036. [PMID: 37799696 PMCID: PMC10549728 DOI: 10.1364/boe.493179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
During breast-conserving surgeries, it remains challenging to accomplish adequate surgical margins. We investigated different numbers of fibers for fiber-optic diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to differentiate tumorous breast tissue from healthy tissue ex vivo up to 2 mm from the margin. Using a machine-learning classification model, the optimal performance was obtained using at least three emitting fibers (Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.73), which was significantly higher compared to the performance of using a single-emitting fiber (MCC of 0.48). The percentage of correctly classified tumor locations varied from 75% to 100% depending on the tumor percentage, the tumor-margin distance and the number of fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha Veluponnar
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Dashtbozorg
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn-Jade S. Jong
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Freija Geldof
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Da Silva Guimaraes
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frederieke van Duijnhoven
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne L. de Boer
- Department of Surgery,
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kafian-Attari I, Nippolainen E, Bergmann F, Mirhashemi A, Paakkari P, Foschum F, Kienle A, Töyräs J, Afara IO. Impact of experimental setup parameters on the measurement of articular cartilage optical properties in the visible and short near-infrared spectral bands. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3397-3412. [PMID: 37497494 PMCID: PMC10368039 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing research on the potential application of diffuse optical spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging for characterizing the health of the connective tissues, such as articular cartilage, during joint surgery. These optical techniques facilitate the rapid and objective diagnostic assessment of the tissue, thus providing unprecedented information toward optimal treatment strategy. Adaption of optical techniques for diagnostic assessment of musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, requires precise determination of the optical properties of connective tissues such as articular cartilage. As every indirect method of tissue optical properties estimation consists of a measurement step followed by a computational analysis step, there are parameters associated with these steps that could influence the estimated values of the optical properties. In this study, we report the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of articular cartilage in the spectral band of 400-1400 nm. We assess the impact of the experimental setup parameters, including surrounding medium, sample volume, and scattering anisotropy factor on the reported optical properties. Our results suggest that the absorption coefficient of articular cartilage is sensitive to the variation in the surrounding medium, whereas its reduced scattering coefficient is invariant to the experimental setup parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Kafian-Attari
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Florian Bergmann
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Meteorology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Arash Mirhashemi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Petri Paakkari
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Florian Foschum
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Meteorology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Alwin Kienle
- Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine and Meteorology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Isaac O. Afara
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lifante J, de la Fuente-Fernández M, Román-Carmena M, Fernandez N, Jaque García D, Granado M, Ximendes E. In vivo grading of lipids in fatty liver by near-infrared autofluorescence and reflectance. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200208. [PMID: 36377726 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide. When untreated, it may lead to complications such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. The diagnosis of NAFLD is usually obtained by ultrasonography, a technique that can underestimate its prevalence. For this reason, physicians aspire for an accurate, cost-effective, and noninvasive method to determine both the presence and the specific stage of the NAFLD. In this paper, we report an integrated approach for the quantitative estimation of the density of triglycerides in the liver based on the use of autofluorescence and reflectance signals generated by the abdomen of obese C57BL6/J mice. Singular value decomposition is applied to the generated spectra and its corresponding regression model provided a determination coefficient of 0.99 and a root mean square error of 240 mg/dl. This, in turn, enabled the quantitative imaging of triglycerides density in the livers of mice under in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Lifante
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Fernandez
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque García
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Granado
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Losch MS, Kardux F, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of the spine: improved breach detection with angulated fibers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:739-750. [PMID: 36874502 PMCID: PMC9979673 DOI: 10.1364/boe.471725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accuracy in spinal fusion varies greatly depending on the experience of the physician. Real-time tissue feedback with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been shown to provide cortical breach detection using a conventional probe with two parallel fibers. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations and optical phantom experiments were conducted to investigate how angulation of the emitting fiber affects the probed volume to allow for the detection of acute breaches. Difference in intensity magnitude between cancellous and cortical spectra increased with the fiber angle, suggesting that outward angulated fibers are beneficial in acute breach scenarios. Proximity to the cortical bone could be detected best with fibers angulated at θ f = 45 ∘ for impending breaches between θ p = 0 ∘ and θ p = 45 ∘ . An orthopedic surgical device comprising a third fiber perpendicular to the device axis could thus cover the full impending breach range from θ p = 0 ∘ to θ p = 90 ∘ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merle S. Losch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Famke Kardux
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Image Guided Therapy and Ultrasound Devices
and System Department, Philips Research,
Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, The
Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rascevska E, Yip L, Omidi P, Brackstone M, Carson J. Investigating the feasibility of a hand-held photoacoustic imaging probe for margin assessment during breast conserving surgery. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100424. [PMID: 36386296 PMCID: PMC9650058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 19 % of breast cancer patients undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS) must return for a secondary surgery due to incomplete tumour removal. Our previous work demonstrated that the lower lipid content, characteristic of tumour tissue, was observed as regions of hypo-intense photoacoustic (PA) contrast. The goal of this work was to evaluate feasibility of a low-frequency, hand-held PA imaging probe for surgical margin assessment based on lipid content differences. Here, we describe (i) the design of a prototype hand-held PA imaging probe, (ii) the effect of limited-bandwidth on image contrast, (iii) accuracy towards hypo-intense contrast detection, (iv) the limited-view characteristics of the single sensor design, and (iv) early imaging results of an ex-vivo breast cancer specimen. The probe incorporates a single polyvinylidene fluoride acoustic sensor, a 1-to-4 optical fibre bundle and a polycarbonate axicon lens for light delivery. Imaging results on phantoms designed to mimic positive margins demonstrated the ability to detect gaps in optical absorption as small as 1 mm in width. Compared to images from a near full-view PAI system, the hand-held PAI probe had higher signal to noise ratio but suffered from negativity image artifacts. Lumpectomy specimen imaging showed that strong signals can be obtained from the fatty tissue. Taken together, the results show this imaging approach with a hand-held probe has potential for detection of residual breast cancer tissue during BCS; however, more work is needed to reduce the size of the probe to fit within the surgical cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Rascevska
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London N6A 4V2, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
| | - L.C.M. Yip
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London N6A 4V2, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
| | - P. Omidi
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London N6A 4V2, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
| | - M. Brackstone
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - J.J.L. Carson
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London N6A 4V2, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London N6A 3K7, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo H, Tikhomirov AB, Mitchell A, Alwayn IPJ, Zeng H, Hewitt KC. Real-time assessment of liver fat content using a filter-based Raman system operating under ambient light through lock-in amplification. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5231-5245. [PMID: 36425639 PMCID: PMC9664892 DOI: 10.1364/boe.467849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During liver procurement, surgeons mostly rely on their subjective visual inspection of the liver to assess the degree of fatty infiltration, for which misclassification is common. We developed a Raman system, which consists of a 1064 nm laser, a handheld probe, optical filters, photodiodes, and a lock-in amplifier for real-time assessment of liver fat contents. The system performs consistently in normal and strong ambient light, and the excitation incident light penetrates at least 1 mm into duck fat phantoms and duck liver samples. The signal intensity is linearly correlated with MRI-calibrated fat contents of the phantoms and the liver samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Nova Scotia Health Authority, 5820 University Avenue Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Alexey B. Tikhomirov
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alexandria Mitchell
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Nova Scotia Health Authority, 5820 University Avenue Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Ian Patrick Joseph Alwayn
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) Transplant Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kevin C. Hewitt
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, 6310 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reistad N, Sturesson C. Distinguishing tumor from healthy tissue in human liver ex vivo using machine learning and multivariate analysis of diffuse reflectance spectra. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200140. [PMID: 35860880 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the capability of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to distinguish malignant liver tissues from surrounding tissues and to determine whether an extended wavelength range (450-1550 nm) offers any advantages over using the conventional wavelength range. Furthermore, multivariate analysis combined with a machine learning algorithm, either linear discriminant analysis or the more advanced support vector machine, was used to discriminate between and classify freshly excised human liver specimens from 18 patients. Tumors were distinguished from surrounding liver tissues with a sensitivity of 99%, specificity of 100%, classification rate of 100% and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 100% using the extended wavelength range and a combination of principal component analysis and support vector techniques. The results indicate that this technology may be useful in clinical applications for real-time tissue diagnostics of tumor margins where rapid classification is important.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reistad
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun Y, Dumont AP, Arefin MS, Patil CA. Model-based characterization platform of fiber optic extended-wavelength diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for identification of neurovascular bundles. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:095002. [PMID: 36088529 PMCID: PMC9463544 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Fiber-optic extended-wavelength diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (EWDRS) using both visible/near-infrared and shortwave-infrared detectors enables improved detection of spectral absorbances arising from lipids, water, and collagen and has demonstrated promise in a variety of applications, including detection of nerves and neurovascular bundles (NVB). Development of future applications of EWDRS for nerve detection could benefit from the use of model-based analyses including Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and evaluation of agreement between model systems and empirical measurements. AIM The aim of this work is to characterize agreement between EWDRS measurements and simulations and inform future applications of model-based studies of nerve-detecting applications. APPROACH A model-based platform consisting of an ex vivo microsurgical nerve dissection model, unique two-layer optical phantoms, and MC model simulations of fiber-optic EWDRS spectroscopic measurements were used to characterize EWDRS and compare agreement across models. In addition, MC simulations of an EWDRS measurement scenario are performed to provide a representative example of future analyses. RESULTS EWDRS studies performed in the common chicken thigh femoral nerve microsurgical dissection model indicate similar spectral features for classification of NVB versus adjacent tissues as reported in porcine models and human subjects. A comparison of measurements from unique EWDRS issue mimicking optical phantoms and MC simulations indicates high agreement between the two in homogeneous and two-layer optical phantoms, as well as in dissected tissues. Finally, MC simulations of measurement over a simulated NVB indicate the potential of future applications for measurement of nerve plexus. CONCLUSIONS Characterization of agreement between fiber-optic EWDRS measurements and MC simulations demonstrates strong agreement across a variety of tissues and optical phantoms, offering promise for further use to guide the continued development of EWDRS for translational applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Temple University, Department of Bioengineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexander P. Dumont
- Temple University, Department of Bioengineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Chetan A. Patil
- Temple University, Department of Bioengineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amiri SA, Berckel PV, Lai M, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Tissue-mimicking phantom materials with tunable optical properties suitable for assessment of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy during electrosurgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2616-2643. [PMID: 35774339 PMCID: PMC9203083 DOI: 10.1364/boe.449637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emerging intraoperative tumor margin assessment techniques require the development of more complex and reliable organ phantoms to assess the performance of the technique before its translation into the clinic. In this work, electrically conductive tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) based on fat, water and agar/gelatin were produced with tunable optical properties. The composition of the phantoms allowed for the assessment of tumor margins using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, as the fat/water ratio served as a discriminating factor between the healthy and malignant tissue. Moreover, the possibility of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or transglutaminase in combination with fat, water and gelatin for developing TMMs was studied. The diffuse spectral response of the developed phantom materials had a good match with the spectral response of porcine muscle and adipose tissue, as well as in vitro human breast tissue. Using the developed recipe, anatomically relevant heterogeneous breast phantoms representing the optical properties of different layers of the human breast were fabricated using 3D-printed molds. These TMMs can be used for further development of phantoms applicable for simulating the realistic breast conserving surgery workflow in order to evaluate the intraoperative optical-based tumor margin assessment techniques during electrosurgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azizian Amiri
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Van Berckel
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Lai
- Philips Research, IGT & US Devices and Systems Department, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Philips Research, IGT & US Devices and Systems Department, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Current Techniques and Future Trends in the Diagnosis of Hepatic Steatosis in Liver Donors: A Review. JOURNAL OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.liver.2022.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
16
|
Bakker GJ, Weischer S, Ferrer Ortas J, Heidelin J, Andresen V, Beutler M, Beaurepaire E, Friedl P. Intravital deep-tumor single-beam 3-photon, 4-photon, and harmonic microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:e63776. [PMID: 35166669 PMCID: PMC8849342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-photon excitation has recently been demonstrated as an effective method to perform intravital microscopy in deep, previously inaccessible regions of the mouse brain. The applicability of 3-photon excitation for deep imaging of other, more heterogeneous tissue types has been much less explored. In this work, we analyze the benefit of high-pulse-energy 1 MHz pulse-repetition-rate infrared excitation near 1300 and 1700 nm for in-depth imaging of tumorous and bone tissue. We show that this excitation regime provides a more than 2-fold increased imaging depth in tumor and bone tissue compared to the illumination conditions commonly used in 2-photon excitation, due to improved excitation confinement and reduced scattering. We also show that simultaneous 3- and 4-photon processes can be effectively induced with a single laser line, enabling the combined detection of blue to far-red fluorescence together with second and third harmonic generation without chromatic aberration, at excitation intensities compatible with live tissue imaging. Finally, we analyze photoperturbation thresholds in this excitation regime and derive setpoints for safe cell imaging. Together, these results indicate that infrared high-pulse-energy low-repetition-rate excitation opens novel perspectives for intravital deep-tissue microscopy of multiple parameters in strongly scattering tissues and organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Sarah Weischer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Júlia Ferrer Ortas
- Laboratory for Optics & Biosciences École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERMParisFrance
| | - Judith Heidelin
- LaVision BioTec GmbH, a Miltenyi Biotec companyBielefeldGermany
| | - Volker Andresen
- LaVision BioTec GmbH, a Miltenyi Biotec companyBielefeldGermany
| | | | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics & Biosciences École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERMParisFrance
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Cancer Genomics CentreUtrechtNetherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen Y, Lifante J, Zabala-Gutierrez I, de la Fuente-Fernández M, Granado M, Fernández N, Rubio-Retama J, Jaque D, Marin R, Ximendes E, Benayas A. Reliable and Remote Monitoring of Absolute Temperature during Liver Inflammation via Luminescence-Lifetime-Based Nanothermometry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107764. [PMID: 34826883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature of tissues and organs is one of the first parameters affected by physiological and pathological processes, such as metabolic activity, acute trauma, or infection-induced inflammation. Therefore, the onset and development of these processes can be detected by monitoring deviations from basal temperature. To accomplish this, minimally invasive, reliable, and accurate measurement of the absolute temperature of internal organs is required. Luminescence nanothermometry is the ideal technology for meeting these requirements. Although this technique has lately undergone remarkable developments, its reliability is being questioned due to spectral distortions caused by biological tissues. In this work, how the use of bright Ag2 S nanoparticles featuring temperature-dependent fluorescence lifetime enables reliable and accurate measurement of the absolute temperature of the liver in mice subjected to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation is demonstrated. Beyond the remarkable thermal sensitivity (≈ 3% °C-1 around 37 °C) and thermal resolution obtained (smaller than 0.3 °C), the results included in this work set a blueprint for the development of new diagnostic procedures based on the use of intracorporeal temperature as a physiological indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Shen
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - José Lifante
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra de Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Irene Zabala-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Granado
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra de Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal S/N, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra de Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Riccardo Marin
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra de Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Antonio Benayas
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra de Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lam JH, Tu KJ, Kim S. Narrowband diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the 900-1000 nm wavelength region to quantify water and lipid content of turbid media. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3091-3102. [PMID: 34221647 PMCID: PMC8221973 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a narrow wavelength band diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (nb-DRS) method to determine water and fat ratios of scattering media in the 900-1000 nm range. This method was shown to be linearly correlated with absolute water and fat concentrations as tested on a set of turbid emulsion phantoms with a range of water and lipid compositions. Robustness to scattering assumptions was demonstrated and compared against measured scattering by a frequency-domain photon migration system. nb-DRS was also tested on ex-vivo porcine samples and compared against direct tissue water extraction by analytical chemistry methods. We speculate nb-DRS has potential applications in portable devices such as clinical and digital health wearables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H. Lam
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey J. Tu
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Boer LL, Kho E, Van de Vijver KK, Vranken Peeters MJTFD, van Duijnhoven F, Hendriks BHW, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Optical tissue measurements of invasive carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ for surgical guidance. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:59. [PMID: 34022928 PMCID: PMC8141169 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the incidence of positive resection margins in breast-conserving surgery has decreased, both incomplete resection and unnecessary large resections still occur. This is especially the case in the surgical treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), an optical technology based on light tissue interactions, can potentially characterize tissue during surgery thereby guiding the surgeon intraoperatively. DRS has shown to be able to discriminate pure healthy breast tissue from pure invasive carcinoma (IC) but limited research has been done on (1) the actual optical characteristics of DCIS and (2) the ability of DRS to characterize measurements that are a mixture of tissue types. Methods In this study, DRS spectra were acquired from 107 breast specimens from 107 patients with proven IC and/or DCIS (1488 measurement locations). With a generalized estimating equation model, the differences between the DRS spectra of locations with DCIS and IC and only healthy tissue were compared to see if there were significant differences between these spectra. Subsequently, different classification models were developed to be able to predict if the DRS spectrum of a measurement location represented a measurement location with “healthy” or “malignant” tissue. In the development and testing of the models, different definitions for “healthy” and “malignant” were used. This allowed varying the level of homogeneity in the train and test data. Results It was found that the optical characteristics of IC and DCIS were similar. Regarding the classification of tissue with a mixture of tissue types, it was found that using mixed measurement locations in the development of the classification models did not tremendously improve the accuracy of the classification of other measurement locations with a mixture of tissue types. The evaluated classification models were able to classify measurement locations with > 5% malignant cells with a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.41 or 0.40. Some models showed better sensitivity whereas others had better specificity. Conclusion The results suggest that DRS has the potential to detect malignant tissue, including DCIS, in healthy breast tissue and could thus be helpful for surgical guidance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01436-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L de Boer
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Postbus 90203, 1006, Amsterdam, BE, Netherlands.
| | - Esther Kho
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Postbus 90203, 1006, Amsterdam, BE, Netherlands
| | - Koen K Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, and Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frederieke van Duijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Postbus 90203, 1006, Amsterdam, BE, Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Philips Research, In-body Systems Group, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Postbus 90203, 1006, Amsterdam, BE, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Postbus 90203, 1006, Amsterdam, BE, Netherlands.,Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chandramoorthi S, Thittai AK. Extending Imaging Depth in PLD-Based Photoacoustic Imaging: Moving Beyond Averaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:549-557. [PMID: 32784132 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3015130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed laser diodes (PLDs) promise to be an attractive alternative to solid-state laser sources in photoacoustic tomography (PAT) due to their portability, high-pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and cost effectiveness. However, due to their lower energy per pulse, which, in turn, results in lower fluence required per photoacoustic signal generation, PLD-based photoacoustic systems generally have maximum imaging depth that is lower in comparison to solid-state lasers. Averaging of multiple frames is usually employed as a common practice in high PRF PLD systems to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the PAT images. In this work, we demonstrate that by combining the recently described approach of subpitch translation on the receive-side ultrasound transducer alongside averaging of multiple frames, it is feasible to increase the depth sensitivity in a PLD-based PAT imaging system. Here, experiments on phantom containing diluted India ink targets were performed at two different laser energy level settings, that is, 21 and [Formula: see text]. Results obtained showed that the imaging depth improves by ~38.5% from 9.1 to 12.6 mm for 21- [Formula: see text] energy level setting and by ~33.3% from 10.8 to 14.4 mm for 27- [Formula: see text] energy level setting by using λ /4-pitch translation and average of 128 frames in comparison to λ -pitch data acquired with the average of 128 frames. However, the achievable frame rate is reduced by a factor of 2 and 4 for λ /2 and λ /4 subpitch translation, respectively.
Collapse
|
21
|
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveals heat stress-induced changes in hemoglobin concentration in chicken breast. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3649. [PMID: 33574480 PMCID: PMC7878772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) is devastating to the poultry industry due to its adverse effects on animal well-being and performance. The effects of heat stress are typically measured using a portable i-STAT blood analyzer that quantifies circulatory hemoglobin concentration and other blood chemistry parameters. Here, we used diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) as a novel non-invasive method to directly determine changes in hematological parameters in the breast tissues of live heat-stressed broilers. Three-week-old male broilers were randomly subjected to two environmental conditions (thermoneutral, TN, 24 °C vs. cyclic heat stress, HS, 35 °C, 12 h/day). Optical spectra were acquired using DRS to monitor breast hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and vascular oxygen saturation (sO2) at three time points: at baseline prior to heat stress, 2 days, and 21 days after initiation of HS. While i-STAT did not demonstrate a discernible change due to HS in circulatory hemoglobin, DRS found a significant decrease in breast Hb and sO2 after exposure to chronic HS. The decrease in sO2 was found to be due to a decrease in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, indicating a large increase in oxygen consumption in heat-stressed broilers. Our results demonstrate that DRS could potentially be used to study the effects of HS directly in specific organs of interest, such as the breast and thigh, to improve meat quality.
Collapse
|
22
|
Okubo K, Kitagawa Y, Hosokawa N, Umezawa M, Kamimura M, Kamiya T, Ohtani N, Soga K. Visualization of quantitative lipid distribution in mouse liver through near-infrared hyperspectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:823-835. [PMID: 33680544 PMCID: PMC7901335 DOI: 10.1364/boe.413712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid distribution in the liver provides crucial information for diagnosing the severity of fatty liver and fatty liver-associated liver cancer. Therefore, a noninvasive, label-free, and quantitative modality is eagerly anticipated. We report near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for the quantitative visualization of lipid content in mouse liver based on partial least square regression (PLSR) and support vector regression (SVR). Analysis results indicate that SVR with standard normal variate pretreatment outperforms PLSR by achieving better root mean square error (15.3 mg/g) and higher determination coefficient (0.97). The quantitative mapping of lipid content in the mouse liver is realized using SVR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Okubo
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosokawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kamiya
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohtani
- Department of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kohei Soga
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schneider C, Nikitichev D, Xia W, Gurusamy K, Desjardins AE, Davidson BR. Multispectral tissue mapping: developing a concept for the optical evaluation of liver disease. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:066001. [PMID: 33376759 PMCID: PMC7757517 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.7.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Alterations in the optical absorption behavior of liver tissue secondary to pathological processes can be evaluated by multispectral analysis, which is increasingly being explored as an imaging adjunct for use in liver surgery. Current methods are either invasive or have a limited wavelength spectrum, which restricts utility. This proof of concept study describes the development of a multispectral imaging (MSI) method called multispectral tissue mapping (MTM) that addresses these issues. Approach: The imaging system consists of a tunable excitation light source and a near-infrared camera. Following the development stage, proof of concept experiments are carried out where absorption spectra from colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver steatosis specimen are acquired and compared to controls. Absorption spectra are compared to histopathology examination as the current gold standard for tissue assessment. Generalized linear mixed modeling is employed to compare absorption characteristics of individual pixels and to select wavelengths for false color image processing with the aim of visually enhancing cancer tissue. Results: Analysis of individual pixels revealed distinct absorption spectra therefore suggesting that MTM is possible. A prominent absorption peak at 1210 nm was found in lipid-rich animal tissues and steatotic liver specimen. Liver cancer tissue had a heterogeneous appearance on MSI. Subsequent statistical analysis suggests that measuring changes in absorption behavior may be a feasible method to estimate the pixel-based probability of cancer being present. In CRLM, this was observed throughout 1100 to 1700 nm, whereas in HCC it was concentrated around 1140 and 1430 nm. False color image processing visibly enhances contrast between cancer and normal liver tissues. Conclusions: The system's ability to enable no-touch MSI at 1100 to 1700 nm was demonstrated. Preliminary data suggest that MTM warrants further exploration as a potential imaging tool for the detection of liver cancer during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Schneider
- University College London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniil Nikitichev
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- University College London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien E Desjardins
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian R Davidson
- University College London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.,University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao Y, Pilvar A, Tank A, Peterson H, Jiang J, Aster JC, Dumas JP, Pierce MC, Roblyer D. Shortwave-infrared meso-patterned imaging enables label-free mapping of tissue water and lipid content. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5355. [PMID: 33097705 PMCID: PMC7585425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and lipids are key participants in many biological processes, but there are few non-invasive methods that provide quantification of these components in vivo, and none that can isolate and quantify lipids in the blood. Here we develop a new imaging modality termed shortwave infrared meso-patterned imaging (SWIR-MPI) to provide label-free, non-contact, spatial mapping of water and lipid concentrations in tissue. The method utilizes patterned hyperspectral illumination to target chromophore absorption bands in the 900-1,300 nm wavelength range. We use SWIR-MPI to monitor clinically important physiological processes including edema, inflammation, and tumor lipid heterogeneity in preclinical models. We also show that SWIR-MPI can spatially map blood-lipids in humans, representing an example of non-invasive and contact-free measurements of in vivo blood lipids. Together, these results highlight the potential of SWIR-MPI to enable new capabilities in fundamental studies and clinical monitoring of major conditions including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Anahita Pilvar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anup Tank
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hannah Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - John Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Paul Dumas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark C Pierce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ali A, Breedveld P, Hendriks BH. Improving Endo-Myocardial Biopsy by Real-Time Spectral Tissue Sensing: A Feasibility Study. J Med Device 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4048374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to integrate spectral tissue sensing technology inside a cardiac bioptome for real-time measurements of tissue characteristics. Methods: Bioptome tip and handle components were designed and manufactured to house and guide optical fibers. The designed components were assembled on a cardiac bioptome together with optical fibers. A technical feasibility test was carried out to study the functionality of the instrument and the effect of the optical technology on the biopsy performance. Biopsy samples were taken from five different tissue types in a porcine heart and the resulting optical spectra were compared. Results: Spectral tissue sensing fibers were successfully integrated inside a conventional cardiac bioptome. The integrated instrument allowed differentiation between ventricular tissue, blood, and cardiac fat tissue based on blood and fat percentage and amount of scattering. Moreover, differences between scarred and non-scarred tissue were clearly visible. Conclusion: A first step has been made in the use of spectral tissue sensing for the detection of different tissue structures for endo-myocardial biopsy. The instrument was able to differentiate between various tissues, as well as between healthy and diseased cardiac tissues. Future research should focus on measurements of naturally diseased cardiac tissue, repeated measurements with statistical value, and improvements to the instrument design. Significance: Having the ability to measure tissue characteristics prior to acquiring a biopsy sample will not only allow easier positioning of the bioptome at the correct location, but can also prevent sampling undesired tissue or scar tissue from previous biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awaz Ali
- Department of Bio-Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Maritime & Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Breedveld
- Department of Bio-Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Maritime & Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H Hendriks
- Department of Bio-Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Maritime & Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang XU, Faber DJ, Van Leeuwen TG, Sterenborg HJCM. Effect of probe pressure on skin tissue optical properties measurement using multi-diameter single fiber reflectance spectroscopy. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab9071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
27
|
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for breach detection during pedicle screw placement: a first in vivo investigation in a porcine model. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:47. [PMID: 32532305 PMCID: PMC7291697 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The safe and accurate placement of pedicle screws remains a critical step in open and minimally invasive spine surgery, emphasizing the need for intraoperative guidance techniques. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is an optical sensing technology that may provide intraoperative guidance in pedicle screw placement. Purpose The study presents the first in vivo minimally invasive procedure using DRS sensing at the tip of a Jamshidi needle with an integrated optical K-wire. We investigate the effect of tissue perfusion and probe-handling conditions on the reliability of fat fraction measurements for breach detection in vivo. Methods A Jamshidi needle with an integrated fiber-optic K-wire was gradually inserted into the vertebrae under intraoperative image guidance. The fiber-optic K-wire consisted of two optical fibers with a fiber-to-fiber distance of 1.024 mm. DRS spectra in the wavelength range of 450 to 1600 nm were acquired at several positions along the path inside the vertebrae. Probe-handling conditions were varied by changing the amount of pressure exerted on the probe within the vertebrae. Continuous spectra were recorded as the probe was placed in the center of the vertebral body while the porcine specimen was sacrificed via a lethal injection. Results A typical insertion of the fiber-optic K-wire showed a drop in fat fraction during an anterior breach as the probe transitioned from cancellous to cortical bone. Fat fraction measurements were found to be similar irrespective of the amount of pressure exerted on the probe (p = 0.65). The 95% confidence interval of fat fraction determination was found in the narrow range of 1.5–3.6% under various probe-handling conditions. The fat fraction measurements remained stable during 70 min of decreased blood flow after the animal was sacrificed. Discussions These findings indicate that changes in tissue perfusion and probe-handling conditions have a relatively low measureable effect on the DRS signal quality and thereby on the determination of fat fraction as a breach detection signal. Conclusions Fat fraction quantification for intraoperative pedicle screw breach detection is reliable, irrespective of changes in tissue perfusion and probe-handling conditions.
Collapse
|
28
|
Amiri SA, Van Gent CM, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Intraoperative tumor margin assessment using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: the effect of electrosurgery on tissue discrimination using ex vivo animal tissue models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2402-2415. [PMID: 32499933 PMCID: PMC7249845 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using an intraoperative margin assessment technique during breast-conserving surgery (BCS) helps surgeons to decrease the risk of positive margin occurrence. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) has the potential to discriminate healthy breast tissue from cancerous tissue. We investigated the performance of an electrosurgical knife integrated with a DRS on porcine muscle and adipose tissue. Characterization of the formed debris on the optical fibers after electrosurgery revealed that the contamination is mostly burned tissue. Even with contaminated optical fibers, both tissues could still be discriminated with DRS based on fat/water ratio. Therefore, an electrosurgical knife integrated with DRS may be a promising technology to provide the surgeon with real-time guidance during BCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azizian Amiri
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn M. Van Gent
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
- Philips Research, In-Body Systems Department, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Time-Gated Single-Photon Detection in Time-Domain Diffuse Optics: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews physical concepts, technologies and applications of time-domain diffuse optics based on time-gated single-photon detection. This particular photon detection strategy is of the utmost importance in the diffuse optics field as it unleashes the full power of the time-domain approach by maximizing performances in terms of contrast produced by a localized perturbation inside the scattering medium, signal-to-noise ratio, measurement time and dynamic range, penetration depth and spatial resolution. The review covers 15 years of theoretical studies, technological progresses, proof of concepts and design of laboratory systems based on time-gated single-photon detection with also few hints on other fields where the time-gated detection strategy produced and will produce further impact.
Collapse
|
30
|
Baltussen EJM, Brouwer de Koning SG, Sanders J, Aalbers AGJ, Kok NFM, Beets GL, Hendriks BHW, Sterenborg HJCM, Kuhlmann KFD, Ruers TJM. Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy to Distinguish Tumor Tissue From Fibrosis in Rectal Cancer Patients as a Guide to Surgery. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:604-611. [PMID: 31793012 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In patients with rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy, fibrosis is induced in and around the tumor area. As tumors and fibrosis have similar visual and tactile feedback, they are hard to distinguish during surgery. To prevent positive resection margins during surgery and spare healthy tissue, it would be of great benefit to have a real-time tissue classification technology that can be used in vivo. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was evaluated for real-time tissue classification of tumor and fibrosis. DRS spectra of fibrosis and tumor were obtained on excised rectal specimens. After normalization using the area under the curve, a support vector machine was trained using a 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS Using spectra of pure tumor tissue and pure fibrosis tissue, we obtained a mean accuracy of 0.88. This decreased to a mean accuracy of 0.61 when tumor measurements were used in which a layer of healthy tissue, mainly fibrosis, was present between the tumor and the measurement surface. CONCLUSION It is possible to distinguish pure fibrosis from pure tumor. However, when the measurements on tumor also involve fibrotic tissue, the classification accuracy decreases. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J M Baltussen
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Susan G Brouwer de Koning
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Arend G J Aalbers
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Niels F M Kok
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Geerard L Beets
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2600 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Koert F D Kuhlmann
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands.,Faculty TNW, Group Nanobiophysics, Twente University, Enschede, 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baltussen EJM, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM, Dashtbozorg B. Optimizing algorithm development for tissue classification in colorectal cancer based on diffuse reflectance spectra. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6096-6113. [PMID: 31853388 PMCID: PMC6913395 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used in colorectal cancer surgery for tissue classification. The main challenge in the classification task is to separate healthy colorectal wall from tumor tissue. In this study, four normalization techniques, four feature extraction methods and five classifiers are applied to nine datasets, to obtain the optimal method to separate spectra measured on healthy colorectal wall from spectra measured on tumor tissue. All results are compared to the use of the entire non-normalized spectra. It is found that the most optimal classification approach is to apply a feature extraction method on non-normalized spectra combined with support vector machine or neural network classifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J. M. Baltussen
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Dashtbozorg
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Boer LL, Kho E, Jóźwiak K, Van de Vijver KK, Vrancken Peeters MJTFD, van Duijnhoven F, Hendriks BHW, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on diffuse reflectance spectra of tissue in breast surgery specimens. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:115004. [PMCID: PMC7003145 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.11.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) can discriminate different tissue types based on optical characteristics. Since this technology has the ability to detect tumor tissue, several groups have proposed to use DRS for margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. Nowadays, an increasing number of patients with breast cancer are being treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Limited research has been published on the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the optical characteristics of the tissue. Hence, it is unclear whether margin assessment based on DRS is feasible in this specific group of patients. We investigate whether there is an effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on optical measurements of breast tissue. To this end, DRS measurements were performed on 92 ex-vivo breast specimens from 92 patients, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were generated, comparing the measurements of patients with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy in datasets of different tissue types using a significance level of 5%. As input for the GEE models, either the intensity at a specific wavelength or a fit parameter, derived from the spectrum, was used. In the evaluation of the intensity, no influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was found, since none of the wavelengths were significantly different between the measurements with and the measurements without neoadjuvant chemotherapy in any of the datasets. These results were confirmed by the analysis of the fit parameters, which showed a significant difference for the amount of collagen in only one dataset. All other fit parameters were not significant for any of the datasets. These findings may indicate that assessment of the resection margin with DRS is also feasible in the growing population of breast cancer patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is possible that we did not detect neoadjuvant chemotherapy effect in the some of the datasets due to the small number of measurements in those datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L. de Boer
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kho
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biostatistics and Registry Research, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Koen K. Van de Vijver
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TNW, Technical Medical Centre, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Burström G, Swamy A, Spliethoff JW, Reich C, Babic D, Hendriks BHW, Skulason H, Persson O, Elmi Terander A, Edström E. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy accurately identifies the pre-cortical zone to avoid impending pedicle screw breach in spinal fixation surgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5905-5920. [PMID: 31799054 PMCID: PMC6865097 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pedicle screw placement accuracy during spinal fixation surgery varies greatly and severe misplacement has been reported in 1-6.5% of screws. Diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy has previously been shown to reliably discriminate between tissues in the human body. We postulate that it could be used to discriminate between cancellous and cortical bone. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to validate DR spectroscopy as a warning system to detect impending pedicle screw breach in a cadaveric surgical setting using typical clinical breach scenarios. DR spectroscopy was incorporated at the tip of an integrated pedicle screw and screw driver used for tissue probing during pedicle screw insertions on six cadavers. Measurements were collected in the wavelength range of 400-1600 nm and each insertion was planned to result in a breach. Measurements were labelled as cancellous, cortical or representing a pre-cortical zone (PCZ) in between, based on information from cone beam computed tomographies at corresponding positions. In addition, DR spectroscopy data was recorded after breach. Four typical pedicle breach types were performed, and a total of 45 pedicle breaches were recorded. For each breach direction, the technology was able to detect the transition of the screw tip from the cancellous bone to the PCZ (P < 0.001), to cortical bone (P < 0.001), and to a subsequent breach (P < 0.001). Using support vector machine (SVM) classification, breach could reliably be detected with a sensitivity of 98.3 % [94.3-100 %] and a specificity of 97.7 % [91.0-100 %]. We conclude that DR spectroscopy reliably identifies the area of transition from cancellous to cortical bone in typical breach scenarios and can warn the surgeon of impending pedicle breach, thereby resulting in safer spinal fixation surgeries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Burström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akash Swamy
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jarich W. Spliethoff
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Reich
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Drazenko Babic
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Halldor Skulason
- Department of Neurosurgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Oscar Persson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Elmi Terander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Edström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kho E, de Boer LL, Post AL, Van de Vijver KK, Jóźwiak K, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Imaging depth variations in hyperspectral imaging: Development of a method to detect tumor up to the required tumor-free margin width. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900086. [PMID: 31290280 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging is a promising technique for resection margin assessment during cancer surgery. Thereby, only a specific amount of the tissue below the resection surface, the clinically defined margin width, should be assessed. Since the imaging depth of hyperspectral imaging varies with wavelength and tissue composition, this can have consequences for the clinical use of hyperspectral imaging as margin assessment technique. In this study, a method was developed that allows for hyperspectral analysis of resection margins in breast cancer. This method uses the spectral slope of the diffuse reflectance spectrum at wavelength regions where the imaging depth in tumor and healthy tissue is equal. Thereby, tumor can be discriminated from healthy breast tissue while imaging up to a similar depth as the required tumor-free margin width of 2 mm. Applying this method to hyperspectral images acquired during surgery would allow for robust margin assessment of resected specimens. In this paper, we focused on breast cancer, but the same approach can be applied to develop a method for other types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kho
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne L de Boer
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk L Post
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen K Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Baltussen EJM, Brouwer de Koning SG, Sanders J, Aalbers AGJ, Kok NFM, Beets GL, Hendriks BHW, Sterenborg HJCM, Kuhlmann KFD, Ruers TJM. Tissue diagnosis during colorectal cancer surgery using optical sensing: an in vivo study. J Transl Med 2019; 17:333. [PMID: 31578153 PMCID: PMC6775650 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In colorectal cancer surgery there is a delicate balance between complete removal of the tumor and sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. Especially in rectal cancer, intraoperative tissue recognition could be of great benefit in preventing positive resection margins and sparing as much healthy tissue as possible. To better guide the surgeon, we evaluated the accuracy of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for tissue characterization during colorectal cancer surgery and determined the added value of DRS when compared to clinical judgement. Methods DRS spectra were obtained from fat, healthy colorectal wall and tumor tissue during colorectal cancer surgery and results were compared to histopathology examination of the measurement locations. All spectra were first normalized at 800 nm, thereafter two support vector machines (SVM) were trained using a tenfold cross-validation. With the first SVM fat was separated from healthy colorectal wall and tumor tissue, the second SVM distinguished healthy colorectal wall from tumor tissue. Results Patients were included based on preoperative imaging, indicating advanced local stage colorectal cancer. Based on the measurement results of 32 patients, the classification resulted in a mean accuracy for fat, healthy colorectal wall and tumor of 0.92, 0.89 and 0.95 respectively. If the classification threshold was adjusted such that no false negatives were allowed, the percentage of false positive measurement locations by DRS was 25% compared to 69% by clinical judgement. Conclusion This study shows the potential of DRS for the use of tissue classification during colorectal cancer surgery. Especially the low false positive rate obtained for a false negative rate of zero shows the added value for the surgeons. Trail registration This trail was performed under approval from the internal review board committee (Dutch Trail Register NTR5315), registered on 04/13/2015, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5175.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J M Baltussen
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - S G Brouwer de Koning
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A G J Aalbers
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N F M Kok
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G L Beets
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B H W Hendriks
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K F D Kuhlmann
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty TNW, Group Nanobiophysics, Twente University, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Swamy A, Burström G, Spliethoff JW, Babic D, Ruschke S, Racadio JM, Edström E, Terander AE, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Validation of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with magnetic resonance imaging for accurate vertebral bone fat fraction quantification. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4316-4328. [PMID: 31453013 PMCID: PMC6701522 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Safe and accurate placement of pedicle screws remains a critical step in open and minimally invasive spine surgery. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) technique may offer the possibility of intra-operative guidance for pedicle screw placement. Currently, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most accurate techniques used to measure fat concentration in tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of fat content measured invasively in vertebrae using DRS and validate it against the Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) derived via MRI. Chemical shift-encoding-based water-fat imaging of the spine was first performed on six cadavers. PDFF images were computed and manually segmented. 23 insertions using a custom-made screw probe with integrated optical fibers were then performed under cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). DR spectra were recorded at several positions along the trajectory as the optical screw probe was inserted turn by turn into the vertebral body. Fat fractions determined via DRS and MRI techniques were compared by spatially correlating the optical screw probe position within the vertebrae on CBCT images with respect to the PDFF images. The fat fraction determined by DRS was found to have a high correlation with those determined by MRI, with a Pearson coefficient of 0.950 (P< 0.001) as compared with PDFF measurements calculated from the MRI technique. Additionally, the two techniques were found to be comparable for fat fraction quantification within vertebral bodies (R2 = 0.905).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Swamy
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gustav Burström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jarich W. Spliethoff
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Drazenko Babic
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - John M. Racadio
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik Edström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Elmi Terander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, the Netherlands
- Department of In-body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
de Boer LL, Kho E, Nijkamp J, Van de Vijver KK, Sterenborg HJCM, ter Beek LC, Ruers TJM. Method for coregistration of optical measurements of breast tissue with histopathology: the importance of accounting for tissue deformations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-12. [PMID: 31347338 PMCID: PMC6995961 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.075002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For the validation of optical diagnostic technologies, experimental results need to be benchmarked against the gold standard. Currently, the gold standard for tissue characterization is assessment of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections by a pathologist. When processing tissue into H&E sections, the shape of the tissue deforms with respect to the initial shape when it was optically measured. We demonstrate the importance of accounting for these tissue deformations when correlating optical measurement with routinely acquired histopathology. We propose a method to register the tissue in the H&E sections to the optical measurements, which corrects for these tissue deformations. We compare the registered H&E sections to H&E sections that were registered with an algorithm that does not account for tissue deformations by evaluating both the shape and the composition of the tissue and using microcomputer tomography data as an independent measure. The proposed method, which did account for tissue deformations, was more accurate than the method that did not account for tissue deformations. These results emphasize the need for a registration method that accounts for tissue deformations, such as the method presented in this study, which can aid in validating optical techniques for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L. de Boer
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Kho
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Nijkamp
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen K. Van de Vijver
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Gent, Belgium
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon C. ter Beek
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim S, Kim M, Kim JG. Development of simple diffuse optical metabolic spectroscopy for tissue metabolism measurement. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2956-2966. [PMID: 31259065 PMCID: PMC6583354 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biomedicine, there are optical systems that provide the tissue metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (tMRO2) by the simultaneous measurement of blood flow and oxygenation level. However, current optical systems are costly and require complex optical alignments, which are inconvenient for clinical applications. Therefore, in this study, we developed a simple diffuse optical metabolic spectroscopy system by combining a broadband light source and a laser and by sharing a spectrometer as a detector for both diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse speckle contrast analysis. This system simultaneously measures blood flow, volume, and oxygenation in a simple and cost-effective manner. The system response to flow is demonstrated through the flow phantom experiments. The results of the experiments show that flow response is in the range 0~0.9 ml/min, with a resolution better than 0.1 ml/min. During the blood phantom study, the blood volume fraction increased linearly with blood accumulation. Further, the change in oxygenation was monitored with the modulation of the oxygen level in the gas supply. Finally, tMRO2 changes were measured during ischemia, induced by the upper arm cuff and the results showed a decrease and a recovery of tMRO2 with cuff inflation and deflation, respectively. This simple diffuse optical metabolic spectroscopic system can easily be applied in medical environments by providing a simple and convenient solution for measuring tMRO2.
Collapse
|
39
|
Comparison of Lipid and Water Contents by Time-domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Dual-energy Computed Tomography in Breast Cancer Patients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously compared time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using various water/lipid phantoms. However, it is difficult to conduct similar comparisons in the breast, because of measurement differences due to modality-dependent differences in posture. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) examination is performed in the same supine position as a TD-DOS measurement. Therefore, we first verified the accuracy of the measured fat fraction of fibroglandular tissue in the normal breast on DECT by comparing it with MRI in breast cancer patients (n = 28). Then, we compared lipid and water signals obtained in TD-DOS and DECT from normal and tumor-tissue regions (n = 16). The TD-DOS breast measurements were carried out using reflectance geometry with a source–detector separation of 3 cm. A semicircular region of interest (ROI), with a transverse diameter of 3 cm and a depth of 2 cm that included the breast surface, was set on the DECT image. Although the measurement area differed between the modalities, the correlation coefficients of lipid and water signals between TD-DOS and DECT were rs = 0.58 (p < 0.01) and rs = 0.90 (p < 0.01), respectively. These results indicate that TD-DOS captures the characteristics of the lipid and water contents of the breast.
Collapse
|
40
|
Swamy A, Burström G, Spliethoff JW, Babic D, Reich C, Groen J, Edström E, Elmi Terander A, Racadio JM, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, a potential optical sensing technology for the detection of cortical breaches during spinal screw placement. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 30701722 PMCID: PMC6985697 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.1.017002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Safe and accurate placement of screws remains a critical issue in open and minimally invasive spine surgery. We propose to use diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy as a sensing technology at the tip of a surgical instrument to ensure a safe path of the instrument through the cancellous bone of the vertebrae. This approach could potentially reduce the rate of cortical bone breaches, thereby resulting in fewer neural and vascular injuries during spinal fusion surgery. In our study, DR spectra in the wavelength ranges of 400 to 1600 nm were acquired from cancellous and cortical bone from three human cadavers. First, it was investigated whether these spectra can be used to distinguish between the two bone types based on fat, water, and blood content along with photon scattering. Subsequently, the penetration of the bone by an optical probe was simulated using the Monte-Carlo (MC) method, to study if the changes in fat content along the probe path would still enable distinction between the bone types. Finally, the simulation findings were validated via an experimental insertion of an optical screw probe into the vertebra aided by x-ray image guidance. The DR spectra indicate that the amount of fat, blood, and photon scattering is significantly higher in cancellous bone than in cortical bone (p < 0.01), which allows distinction between the bone types. The MC simulations showed a change in fat content more than 1 mm before the optical probe came in contact with the cortical bone. The experimental insertion of the optical screw probe gave similar results. This study shows that spectral tissue sensing, based on DR spectroscopy at the instrument tip, is a promising technology to identify the transition zone from cancellous to cortical vertebral bone. The technology therefore has the potential to improve the safety and accuracy of spinal screw placement procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Swamy
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of In-Body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Akash Swamy, E-mail:
| | - Gustav Burström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jarich W. Spliethoff
- Department of In-Body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Drazenko Babic
- Department of In-Body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Christian Reich
- Department of In-Body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Joanneke Groen
- Department of In-Body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Erik Edström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrian Elmi Terander
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John M. Racadio
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of In-Body Systems, Philips Research, Royal Philips NV, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de Boer LL, Bydlon TM, van Duijnhoven F, Vranken Peeters MJTFD, Loo CE, Winter-Warnars GAO, Sanders J, Sterenborg HJCM, Hendriks BHW, Ruers TJM. Towards the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for real-time in vivo detection of breast cancer during surgery. J Transl Med 2018; 16:367. [PMID: 30567584 PMCID: PMC6299954 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer surgeons struggle with differentiating healthy tissue from cancer at the resection margin during surgery. We report on the feasibility of using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for real-time in vivo tissue characterization. Methods Evaluating feasibility of the technology requires a setting in which measurements, imaging and pathology have the best possible correlation. For this purpose an optical biopsy needle was used that had integrated optical fibers at the tip of the needle. This approach enabled the best possible correlation between optical measurement volume and tissue histology. With this optical biopsy needle we acquired real-time DRS data of normal tissue and tumor tissue in 27 patients that underwent an ultrasound guided breast biopsy procedure. Five additional patients were measured in continuous mode in which we obtained DRS measurements along the entire biopsy needle trajectory. We developed and compared three different support vector machine based classification models to classify the DRS measurements. Results With DRS malignant tissue could be discriminated from healthy tissue. The classification model that was based on eight selected wavelengths had the highest accuracy and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.93 and 0.87, respectively. In three patients that were measured in continuous mode and had malignant tissue in their biopsy specimen, a clear transition was seen in the classified DRS measurements going from healthy tissue to tumor tissue. This transition was not seen in the other two continuously measured patients that had benign tissue in their biopsy specimen. Conclusions It was concluded that DRS is feasible for integration in a surgical tool that could assist the breast surgeon in detecting positive resection margins during breast surgery. Trail registration NIH US National Library of Medicine–clinicaltrails.gov, NCT01730365. Registered: 10/04/2012 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01730365
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L de Boer
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, Postbus 90203, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Torre M Bydlon
- In-body Systems, Philips Research, High Tech, Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frederieke van Duijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, Postbus 90203, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jeanne T F D Vranken Peeters
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, Postbus 90203, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudette E Loo
- Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke A O Winter-Warnars
- Department of Radiology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, Postbus 90203, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- In-body Systems, Philips Research, High Tech, Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Plesmanlaan 121, Postbus 90203, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dev K, Dinish US, Chakraborty S, Bi R, Andersson-Engels S, Sugii S, Olivo M. Quantitative in vivo detection of adipose tissue browning using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in near-infrared II window. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800135. [PMID: 29978566 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) biologically function in an opposite way in energy metabolism. BAT induces energy consumption by heat production while WAT mainly stores energy in the form of triglycerides. Recent progress in the conversion of WAT cells to "beige" or "brown-like" adipocytes in animals, having functional similarity to BAT, spurred a great interest in developing the next-generation therapeutics in the field of metabolic disorders. Though magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography could detect classical BAT and WAT in animals and humans, it is of a great challenge in detecting the "browning" process in vivo. Here, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we present a simple, cost-effective, label-free fiber optic-based diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurement in the near infrared II window (~1050-1400 nm) for the quantitative detection of browning in a mouse model in vivo. We could successfully quantify the browning of WAT in a mouse model by estimating the lipid fraction, which serves as an endogenous marker. Lipid fraction exhibited a gradual decrease from WAT to BAT with beige exhibiting an intermediate value. in vivo browning process was also confirmed with standard molecular and biochemical assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - U S Dinish
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Smarajit Chakraborty
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Irish Photonic Integration Centre (IPIC), Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Malini Olivo
- Laboratory of Bio Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Langhout GC, Kuhlmann KFD, Schreuder P, Bydlon T, Smeele LE, van den Brekel MWM, Sterenborg HJCM, Hendriks BHW, Ruers TJM. In vivo nerve identification in head and neck surgery using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2018; 3:349-355. [PMID: 30410988 PMCID: PMC6209613 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Careful identification of nerves during head and neck surgery is essential to prevent nerve damage. Currently, nerves are identified based on anatomy and appearance, optionally combined with electromyography (EMG). In challenging cases, nerve damage is reported in up to 50%. Recently, optical techniques, like diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) show potential to improve nerve identification. Methods 212 intra‐operative DRS/FS measurements were performed. Small nerve branches (1–3 mm), on near‐nerve adipose tissue, muscle and subcutaneous fat were measured during 11 surgical procedures. Tissue identification was based on quantified concentrations of optical absorbers and scattering parameters. Results Clinically comprehensive parameters showed significant differences (<0.05) between the tissues. Classification using k‐Nearest Neighbor resulted in 100% sensitivity and a specificity of 83% (accuracy 91%), for the identification of nerve against surrounding tissues. Conclusions DRS/FS is a potentially useful intraoperative tool for identification of nerves from adjacent tissues. Level of Evidence Observational proof of principle study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit C Langhout
- Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Koert F D Kuhlmann
- Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Pim Schreuder
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Torre Bydlon
- In-Body Systems Department Philips Research Eindhoven the Netherlands
| | - Ludi E Smeele
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands.,Department of head and neck and Physics Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Michiel W M van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands.,Department of head and neck and Physics Academic Medical Center Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- In-Body Systems Department Philips Research Eindhoven the Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Amsterdam the Netherlands.,Nanobiophysics Group, MIRA Institute University of Twente Enschede the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ohmae E, Yoshizawa N, Yoshimoto K, Hayashi M, Wada H, Mimura T, Suzuki H, Homma S, Suzuki N, Ogura H, Nasu H, Sakahara H, Yamashita Y, Ueda Y. Stable tissue-simulating phantoms with various water and lipid contents for diffuse optical spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5792-5808. [PMID: 30460162 PMCID: PMC6238899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We introduced a method for producing solid phantoms with various water-to-lipid ratios that can simulate the absorption, and to some extent the scattering characteristics of human breast tissue. We also achieved phantom stability for a minimum of one month by solidifying the emulsion phantoms. The characteristics of the phantoms were evaluated using the six-wavelength time-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (TD-DOS) system we developed to measure water and lipid contents and hemoglobin concentration. The TD-DOS measurements were validated with a magnetic resonance imaging system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ohmae
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshimoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Maho Hayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Wada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mimura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Shu Homma
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogura
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hatsuko Nasu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Harumi Sakahara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamashita
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| | - Yukio Ueda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K. K., 5000, Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Pref., 434-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Balthasar AJR, Bydlon TM, Ippel H, van der Voort M, Hendriks BHW, Lucassen GW, van Geffen GJ, van Kleef M, van Dijk P, Lataster A. Optical signature of nerve tissue-Exploratory ex vivo study comparing optical, histological, and molecular characteristics of different adipose and nerve tissues. Lasers Surg Med 2018; 50:948-960. [PMID: 29756651 PMCID: PMC6220981 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background During several anesthesiological procedures, needles are inserted through the skin of a patient to target nerves. In most cases, the needle traverses several tissues—skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels—to reach the target nerve. A clear identification of the target nerve can improve the success of the nerve block and reduce the rate of complications. This may be accomplished with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) which can provide a quantitative measure of the tissue composition. The goal of the current study was to further explore the morphological, biological, chemical, and optical characteristics of the tissues encountered during needle insertion to improve future DRS classification algorithms. Methods To compare characteristics of nerve tissue (sciatic nerve) and adipose tissues, the following techniques were used: histology, DRS, absorption spectrophotometry, high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR‐MAS NMR) spectroscopy, and solution 2D 13C‐1H heteronuclear single‐quantum coherence spectroscopy. Tissues from five human freshly frozen cadavers were examined. Results Histology clearly highlights a higher density of cellular nuclei, collagen, and cytoplasm in fascicular nerve tissue (IFAS). IFAS showed lower absorption of light around 1200 nm and 1750 nm, higher absorption around 1500 nm and 2000 nm, and a shift in the peak observed around 1000 nm. DRS measurements showed a higher water percentage and collagen concentration in IFAS and a lower fat percentage compared to all other tissues. The scattering parameter (b) was highest in IFAS. The HR‐MAS NMR data showed three extra chemical peak shifts in IFAS tissue. Conclusion Collagen, water, and cellular nuclei concentration are clearly different between nerve fascicular tissue and other adipose tissue and explain some of the differences observed in the optical absorption, DRS, and HR‐NMR spectra of these tissues. Some differences observed between fascicular nerve tissue and adipose tissues cannot yet be explained but may be helpful in improving the discriminatory capabilities of DRS in anesthesiology procedures. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:948–960, 2018. © 2018 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J R Balthasar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Delft University of Technology, Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geert-Jan van Geffen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Kleef
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van Dijk
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Lataster
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bernucci MT, Merkle CW, Srinivasan VJ. Investigation of artifacts in retinal and choroidal OCT angiography with a contrast agent. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1020-1040. [PMID: 29541501 PMCID: PMC5846511 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has recently emerged for imaging vasculature in clinical ophthalmology. Yet, OCTA images contain artifacts that remain challenging to interpret. To help explain these artifacts, we perform contrast-enhanced OCTA with a custom-designed wide-field ophthalmoscope in rats in vivo. We choose an intravascular contrast agent (Intralipid) with particles that are more isotropically scattering and more symmetrically shaped than red blood cells (RBCs). Then, by examining how OCTA artifacts change after contrast agent injection, we attribute OCTA artifacts to RBC-specific properties. In this work, we investigate retinal and choroidal OCTA in rats with or without melanosomes, both before and after contrast agent injection, at a wavelength at which scattering dominates the image contrast (1300 nm). First, baseline images suggest that high backscattering of choroidal melanosomes accounts for the relatively dark appearance of choroidal vessel lumens in OCTA. Second, Intralipid injection tends to eliminate the hourglass pattern artifact in OCTA images of vessel lumens and highlights vertical capillaries that were previously faint in OCTA, showing that RBC orientation is important in determining OCTA signal. Third, Intralipid injection increases lumen signal without significantly affecting the tails, suggesting that projection artifacts, or tails, are due to RBC multiple scattering. Fourth, Intralipid injection increases the side-to-top signal ratio less in choroidal vessel lumens of pigmented rats, suggesting that melanosome multiple scattering makes the hourglass artifact less prominent. This study provides the first direct experimental in vivo evidence to explain light scattering-related artifacts in OCTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel T. Bernucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Conrad W. Merkle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Vivek J. Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Maneas E, Xia W, Ogunlade O, Fonseca M, Nikitichev DI, David AL, West SJ, Ourselin S, Hebden JC, Vercauteren T, Desjardins AE. Gel wax-based tissue-mimicking phantoms for multispectral photoacoustic imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9. [PMID: 29541509 PMCID: PMC5846519 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-mimicking phantoms are widely used for the calibration, evaluation and standardisation of medical imaging systems, and for clinical training. For photoacoustic imaging, tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) that have tuneable optical and acoustic properties, high stability, and mechanical robustness are highly desired. In this study, gel wax is introduced as a TMM that satisfies these criteria for developing photoacoustic imaging phantoms. The reduced scattering and optical absorption coefficients were independently tuned with the addition of TiO2 and oil-based inks. The frequency-dependent acoustic attenuation obeyed a power law; for native gel wax, it varied from 0.71 dB/cm at 3 MHz to 9.93 dB/cm at 12 MHz. The chosen oil-based inks, which have different optical absorption spectra in the range of 400 to 900 nm, were found to have good photostability under pulsed illumination with photoacoustic excitation light. Optically heterogeneous phantoms that comprised of inclusions with different concentrations of carbon black and coloured inks were fabricated, and multispectral photoacoustic imaging was performed with an optical parametric oscillator and a planar Fabry-Pérot sensor. We conclude that gel wax is well suited as a TMM for multispectral photoacoustic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Maneas
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Olumide Ogunlade
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Martina Fonseca
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Daniil I. Nikitichev
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Anna L. David
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX,
UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit),
Belgium
| | - Simeon J. West
- Department of Anaesthesia, University College Hospital, Main Theatres, Maple Bridge Link Corridor, Podium 3, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU,
UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Jeremy C. Hebden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
- Translational Imaging Group, Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ,
UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT,
UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Langhout GC, Kuhlmann KFD, Wouters MWJM, van der Hage JA, van Coevorden F, Müller M, Bydlon TM, Sterenborg HJCM, Hendriks BHW, Ruers TJM. Nerve detection during surgery: optical spectroscopy for peripheral nerve localization. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:619-625. [PMID: 29396730 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Precise nerve localization is of major importance in both surgery and regional anesthesia. Optically based techniques can identify tissue through differences in optical properties, like absorption and scattering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of optical spectroscopy (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) for clinical nerve identification in vivo. Eighteen patients (8 male, 10 female, age 53 ± 13 years) undergoing inguinal lymph node resection or resection or a soft tissue tumor in the groin were included to measure the femoral or sciatic nerve and the surrounding tissues. In vivo optical measurements were performed using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (400-1600 nm) on nerve, near nerve adipose tissue, muscle, and subcutaneous fat using a needle-shaped probe. Model-based analyses were used to derive verified quantitative parameters as concentrations of optical absorbers and several parameters describing scattering. A total of 628 optical spectra were recorded. Measured spectra reveal noticeable tissue specific characteristics. Optical absorption of water, fat, and oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin was manifested in the measured spectra. The parameters water and fat content showed significant differences (P < 0.005) between nerve and all surrounding tissues. Classification using k-Nearest Neighbor based on the derived parameters revealed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 79%, for identifying nerve from surrounding tissues. Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy identifies peripheral nerve bundles. The differences found between tissue groups are assignable to the tissue composition and structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit C Langhout
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Koert F D Kuhlmann
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W J M Wouters
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A van der Hage
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits van Coevorden
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Müller
- Philips Research, In-Body Systems Department, HTC 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Torre M Bydlon
- Philips Research, In-Body Systems Department, HTC 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Philips Research, In-Body Systems Department, HTC 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Nanobiophysics Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Post Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baltussen EJM, Snaebjornsson P, de Koning SGB, Sterenborg HJCM, Aalbers AGJ, Kok N, Beets GL, Hendriks BHW, Kuhlmann KFD, Ruers TJM. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for real-time tissue assessment during colorectal cancer surgery. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-6. [PMID: 29076310 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.10.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal surgery is the standard treatment for patients with colorectal cancer. To overcome two of the main challenges, the circumferential resection margin and postoperative complications, real-time tissue assessment could be of great benefit during surgery. In this ex vivo study, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to differentiate tumor tissue from healthy surrounding tissues in patients with colorectal neoplasia. DRS spectra were obtained from tumor tissue, healthy colon, or rectal wall and fat tissue, for every patient. Data were randomly divided into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. After spectral band selection, the spectra were classified using a quadratic classifier and a linear support vector machine. Of the 38 included patients, 36 had colorectal cancer and 2 had an adenoma. When the classifiers were applied to the test set, colorectal cancer could be discriminated from healthy tissue with an overall accuracy of 0.95 (±0.03). This study demonstrates the possibility to separate colorectal cancer from healthy surrounding tissue by applying DRS. High classification accuracies were obtained both in homogeneous and inhomogeneous tissues. This is a fundamental step toward the development of a tool for real-time in vivo tissue assessment during colorectal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J M Baltussen
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petur Snaebjornsson
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan G Brouwer de Koning
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J C M Sterenborg
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Medical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend G J Aalbers
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Kok
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerard L Beets
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Philips Research, Department of In-body Systems, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Koert F D Kuhlmann
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital-The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Technical University Twente, MIRA Institute, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Investigation of the feasibility of non-invasive optical sensors for the quantitative assessment of dehydration. Med Eng Phys 2017; 48:181-187. [PMID: 28734875 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the feasibility of prospectively assessing infant dehydration using four non-invasive, optical sensors based on the quantitative and objective measurement of various clinical markers of dehydration. The sensors were investigated to objectively and unobtrusively assess the hydration state of an infant based on the quantification of capillary refill time (CRT), skin recoil time (SRT), skin temperature profile (STP) and skin tissue hydration by means of infrared spectrometry (ISP). To evaluate the performance of the sensors a clinical study was conducted on a cohort of 10 infants (aged 6-36 months) with acute gastroenteritis. High sensitivity and specificity were exhibited by the sensors, in particular the STP and SRT sensors, when combined into a fusion regression model (sensitivity: 0.90, specificity: 0.78). The SRT and STP sensors and the fusion model all outperformed the commonly used "gold standard" clinical dehydration scales including the Gorelick scale (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.56), CDS scale (sensitivity: 1.0, specificity: 0.2) and WHO scale (sensitivity: 0.13, specificity: 0.79). These results suggest that objective and quantitative assessment of infant dehydration may be possible using the sensors investigated. However, further evaluation of the sensors on a larger sample population is needed before deploying them in a clinical setting.
Collapse
|