1
|
Parvez MA, Yashiro K, Tsunoi Y, Saitoh D, Sato S, Nishidate I. In vivo monitoring of hemoglobin derivatives in a rat thermal injury model using spectral diffuse reflectance imaging. Burns 2024; 50:167-177. [PMID: 37821274 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To demonstrate the feasibility of our previously proposed Diffuse reflectance spectral imaging (DRSI) method for in vivo monitoring of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, methemoglobin, tissue oxygen saturation, and methemoglobin saturation in a rat scald burn wound model and assess whether the method could be used for differentiating the burn depth groups in rats based on the hemoglobin parameters. METHODOLOGY Superficial dermal burns (SDBs), deep dermal burns (DDBs), and deep burns (DBs) were induced in rat dorsal skin using a Walker-Mason method. An approach based on multiple regression analysis for spectral diffuse reflectance images aided by Monte Carlo simulations for light transport was used to quantify the hemoglobin parameters. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was performed to discriminate SDB, DDB, and DB. RESULTS CDA using the total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, and methemoglobin saturation as the independent variables showed good performance for discriminating the SDB, DDB, and DB groups immediately after burn injury and the SDB group from the DDB and DB groups 24-72 h after burn injury. CONCLUSIONS The DRSI method with multiple regression analysis for quantification of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and methemoglobin proved to be reliable for monitoring these hemoglobin derivatives in the rat experimental burn injury model. The parameters of tissue oxygen saturation, methemoglobin saturation, and total hemoglobin concentration are promising for the differentiating the degree of burn injury using CDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Anowar Parvez
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 1848588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yashiro
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 1848588 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsunoi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 3598513 Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 3598513 Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2, Namiki, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 3598513 Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 1848588 Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parvez MA, Yashiro K, Nagahama Y, Tsunoi Y, Saitoh D, Sato S, Nishidate I. In vivo visualization of burn depth in skin tissue of rats using hemoglobin parameters estimated by diffuse reflectance spectral imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:026003. [PMID: 38361505 PMCID: PMC10869121 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.2.026003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Significance Burn injuries represent a global public health problem that kills an estimated 180,000 people annually. Non-fatal burns result in prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, and disability. The most common, convenient, and widely used method for assessing burn depth is physical or visual examination, but the accuracy of this method is reportedly poor (60% to 75%). Rapid, correct assessment of burn depth is very important for the optimal management and treatment of burn patients. New methods of burn depth assessment that are inexpensive, simple, rapid, non-contact, and non-invasive are therefore needed. Aim The aim of this study was to propose an approach to visualize the spatial distribution of burn depth using hemoglobin parameters estimated from spectral diffuse reflectance imaging and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for differentiating burn depth in a rat model of scald burn injury. Approach The new approach to creating a spatial map of burn depth was based on canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, and methemoglobin saturation as estimated from spectral diffuse reflectance images. Burns of three different degrees of severity were created in rat dorsal skin by 10-s exposure to water maintained at 70°C, 78°C, and 98°C, respectively. Spectral images for dorsal regions were acquired under anesthesia immediately after burn injury and at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after injury. Results Most areas of images in the group with skin exposed to 70°C water and 98°C water were classified as 70°C burn and 98°C burn, respectively. In contrast, no significant difference between areas classified as 78°C burn and 98°C burn from 24 h to 72 h was evident in the group with skin exposed to 78°C water, suggesting that burn depth was heterogeneous. Conclusions The proposed approach combining diffuse reflectance spectral imaging and CDA appears promising for differentiating 70°C burns from 78°C burns and 98°C burns, and 98°C burns from 70°C burns and 78°C burns at 24 to 72 h after burn injury in a rat model of scald burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Anowar Parvez
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yashiro
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagahama
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsunoi
- National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Kokushikan University, Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, Saitama, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng Y, Cao C, Shimada Y, Yasutomi K, Kawahito S, Kennedy GT, Durkin AJ, Kagawa K. Motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CMOS image sensor. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:016006. [PMID: 38239389 PMCID: PMC10795502 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.1.016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Significance We present a motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) developed at Shizuoka University. The system addresses limitations in conventional SFDI systems, enabling reliable measurements in challenging imaging scenarios that are closer to real-world conditions. Aim Our study demonstrates a three-wavelength SFDI system based on an 8-tap CIS. We demonstrate and evaluate the system's capability of mitigating motion artifacts and ambient light bias through tissue phantom reflectance experiments and in vivo volar forearm experiments. Approach We incorporated the Hilbert transform to reduce the required number of projected patterns per wavelength from three to two per spatial frequency. The 8-tap image sensor has eight charge storage diodes per pixel; therefore, simultaneous image acquisition of eight images based on multi-exposure is possible. Taking advantage of this feature, the sensor simultaneously acquires images for planar illumination, sinusoidal pattern projection at three wavelengths, and ambient light. The ambient light bias is eliminated by subtracting the ambient light image from the others. Motion artifacts are suppressed by reducing the exposure and projection time for each pattern while maintaining sufficient signal levels by repeating the exposure. The system is compared to a conventional SFDI system in tissue phantom experiments and then in vivo measurements of human volar forearms. Results The 8-tap image sensor-based SFDI system achieved an acquisition rate of 9.4 frame sets per second, with three repeated exposures during each accumulation period. The diffuse reflectance maps of three different tissue phantoms using the conventional SFDI system and the 8-tap image sensor-based SFDI system showed good agreement except for high scattering phantoms. For the in vivo volar forearm measurements, our system successfully measured total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, and reduced scattering coefficient maps of the subject during motion (16.5 cm/s) and under ambient light (28.9 lx), exhibiting fewer motion artifacts compared with the conventional SFDI. Conclusions We demonstrated the potential for motion-resistant three-wavelength SFDI system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CIS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Shizuoka University, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chen Cao
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimada
- Shizuoka University, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keita Yasutomi
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawahito
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Gordon T. Kennedy
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Biomedical Engineering Department, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Keiichiro Kagawa
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Bounds A, Girkin J. Monte Carlo simulations and phantom modeling for spatial frequency domain imaging of surgical wound monitoring. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:126003. [PMID: 38098981 PMCID: PMC10720737 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.12.126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance Postoperative surgical wound infection is a serious problem around the globe, including in countries with advanced healthcare systems, and a method for early detection of infection is urgently required. Aim We explore spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) for distinguishing changes in surgical wound healing based on the tissue scattering properties and surgical wound width measurements. Approach A comprehensive numerical method is developed by applying a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation to a vertical heterogeneous wound model. The Monte Carlo simulation results are validated using resin phantom imaging experiments. Results We report on the SFDI lateral resolution with varying reduced scattering value and wound width and discuss the partial volume effect at the sharp vertical boundaries present in a surgical incision. The detection sensitivity of this method is dependent on spatial frequency, wound reduced scattering coefficient, and wound width. Conclusions We provide guidelines for future SFDI instrument design and explanation for the expected error in SFDI measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Zhang
- Durham University, Department of Physics, Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Girkin
- Durham University, Department of Physics, Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crowley J, Gordon GSD. Designing and simulating realistic spatial frequency domain imaging systems using open-source 3D rendering software. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2523-2538. [PMID: 37342713 PMCID: PMC10278632 DOI: 10.1364/boe.484286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a low-cost imaging technique that maps absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, offering improved contrast for important tissue structures such as tumours. Practical SFDI systems must cope with various imaging geometries including imaging planar samples ex vivo, imaging inside tubular lumen in vivo e.g. for endoscopy, and measuring tumours or polyps of varying morphology. There is a need for a design and simulation tool to accelerate design of new SFDI systems and simulate realistic performance under these scenarios. We present such a system implemented using open-source 3D design and ray-tracing software Blender that simulates media with realistic absorption and scattering in a wide range of geometries. By using Blender's Cycles ray-tracing engine, our system simulates effects such as varying lighting, refractive index changes, non-normal incidence, specular reflections and shadows, enabling realistic evaluation of new designs. We first demonstrate quantitative agreement between Monte-Carlo simulated absorption and reduced scattering coefficients with those simulated from our Blender system, achieving 16 % discrepancy in absorption coefficient and 18 % in reduced scattering coefficient. However, we then show that using an empirically derived look-up table the errors reduce to 1 % and 0.7 % respectively. Next, we simulate SFDI mapping of absorption, scattering and shape for simulated tumour spheroids, demonstrating enhanced contrast. Finally we demonstrate SFDI mapping inside a tubular lumen, which highlighted a important design insight: custom look-up tables must be generated for different longitudinal sections of the lumen. With this approach we achieved 2 % absorption error and 2 % scattering error. We anticipate our simulation system will aid in the design of novel SFDI systems for key biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Crowley
- Optics & Photonics Group, Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United
Kingdom
| | - George S. D. Gordon
- Optics & Photonics Group, Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United
Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Advances in Medical Imaging for Wound Repair and Regenerative Medicine. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
|
7
|
Tsunoi Y, Sato N, Nishidate I, Ichihashi F, Saitoh D, Sato S. Burn depth assessment by dual-wavelength light emitting diodes-excited photoacoustic imaging in rats. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:69-76. [PMID: 36177703 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate burn depth assessment is crucial to determine treatment plans for burn patients. We have previously proposed a method for performing burn depth assessments based on photoacoustic (PA) imaging, and we have demonstrated the validity of this method, which allows the successful detection of PA signals originating from the blood under the bloodless burned tissue, using rat burn models. Based on these findings, we started a clinical study in which we faced two technical issues: (1) When the burn depth was shallow, PA signals due to skin contamination and/or melanin in the epidermis (surface signals) could not be distinguished from PA signals originating from the blood in the dermis; (2) the size of the system was too large. To solve these issues, we propose a burn depth diagnosis based on dual-wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs)-excited PA imaging. The use of LEDs rendered the system compact compared to the previous one that used a conventional solid-state laser. We replicated human burned skin by applying a titrated synthetic melanin solution onto the wound surface in albino rat burn models and measured their burn depths by PA excitation at 690 and 850 nm, where melanin and haemoglobin show greatly different absorption coefficients. As a result, the surface signals were eliminated by subtracting the PA signals at 690 nm from those at 850 nm. The resultant estimated burn depths were strongly correlated with the histological assessment results. The validity of the proposed method was also examined using a burn model of rats with real melanin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Tsunoi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Sato
- Research and Development Department, Cyberdyne, Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Graduate School of Bio-application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ichihashi
- Research and Development Department, Cyberdyne, Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lam JH, Tu KJ, Kim J, Kim S. Smartphone-based single snapshot spatial frequency domain imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6497-6507. [PMID: 36589565 PMCID: PMC9774861 DOI: 10.1364/boe.470665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report a handheld, smartphone-based spatial frequency domain imaging device. We first examined the linear dynamic range of the smartphone camera sensor. We then calculated optical properties for a series of liquid phantoms with varying concentrations of nigrosin ink and Intralipid, demonstrating separation of absorption and scattering. The device was then tested on a human wrist, where optical properties and hemoglobin-based chromophores were calculated. Finally, we performed an arterial occlusion on a human hand and captured hemodynamics using our device. We hope to lay the foundation for an accessible SFDI device with mass-market appeal designed for dermatological and cosmetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H. Lam
- Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey J. Tu
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- MEDiThings Co. Ltd., Industry-Academia Cooperation, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Kang X, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Ren H, Wang Q, Chen M, Zhang Y. Wavelength and frequency optimization in spatial frequency domain imaging for two-layer tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3224-3242. [PMID: 35781948 PMCID: PMC9208585 DOI: 10.1364/boe.455386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging is a non-contact, wide-field, fast-diffusion optical imaging technique, which in principle uses steady-state spatially modulated light to irradiate biological tissue, reconstruct two-dimensional or three-dimensional tissue optical characteristic map through optical transmission model, and further quantify the spatial distribution of tissue physiological parameters by multispectral imaging technique. The selection of light source wavelength and light field spatial modulation frequency is directly related to the accuracy of tissue optical properties and tissue physiological parameters extraction. For improvement of the measurement accuracy of optical properties and physiological parameters in the two-layer tissue, a multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging system is built based on liquid crystal tunable filter, and a data mapping table of spatially resolved diffuse reflectance and optical properties of two-layer tissue is established based on scaling Monte Carlo method. Combined with the dispersion effect and window effect of light-tissue interaction, the study applies numerical simulation to optimize the wavelength in the 650-850 nm range with spectral resolution of 10 nm. In order to minimize the uncertainty of the optical properties, Cramér-Rao bound is used to optimize the optical field spatial modulation frequency by transmitting the uncertainty of optical properties. The results showed that in order to realize the detection of melanin, oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, water and other physiological parameters in two-layer tissue, the best wavelength combination was determined as 720, 730, 760 and 810 nm according to the condition number. The findings of the Cramér-Rao bound analysis reveal that the uncertainty of optical characteristics for the frequency combinations [0, 0.3] mm-1, [0, 0.2] mm-1, and [0, 0.1] mm-1 increases successively. Under the optimal combination of wavelength and frequency, the diffuse reflectance of the gradient gray-scale plate measured by the multi-spectral spatial frequency domain imaging system is linearly correlated with the calibration value. The error between the measured liquid phantom absorption coefficient and the collimation projection system based on colorimetric dish is less than 2%. The experimental results of human brachial artery occlusion indicate that under the optimal wavelength combination, the change of the second layer absorption coefficient captured by the three frequency combinations decreases in turn, so as the change of oxygen saturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Xu Kang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Yang Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhiguo Shi
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huiming Ren
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Quanfu Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yuanzhi Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biomedical Optical Instrument, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Medical Optical Diagnosis Treatment Technology and Instrument, Hefei 230031, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lertsakdadet BS, Kennedy GT, Stone R, Kowalczewski C, Kowalczewski AC, Natesan S, Christy RJ, Durkin AJ, Choi B. Assessing multimodal optical imaging of perfusion in burn wounds. Burns 2022; 48:799-807. [PMID: 34696954 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A critical need exists for early, accurate diagnosis of burn wound severity to help identify the course of treatment and outcome of the wound. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a promising blood perfusion imaging approach, but it does not account for changes in tissue optical properties that can occur with burn wounds, which are highly dynamic environments. Here, we studied optical property dynamics following burn injury and debridement and the associated impact on interpretation of LSI measurements of skin perfusion. We used spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements of tissue optical properties to study the impact of burn-induced changes in these properties on LSI measurements. An established preclinical porcine model of burn injury was used (n = 8). SFDI and LSI data were collected from burn wounds of varying severity. SFDI measurements demonstrate that optical properties change in response to burn injury in a porcine model. We then apply theoretical modeling to demonstrate that the measured range of optical property changes can affect the interpretation of LSI measurements of blood flow, but this effect is minimal for most of the measured data. Collectively, our results indicate that, even with a dynamic burn wound environment, blood-flow measurements with LSI can serve as an appropriate strategy for accurate assessment of burn severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben S Lertsakdadet
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Gordon T Kennedy
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.
| | - Randolph Stone
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 36950 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Christine Kowalczewski
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 36950 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Andrew C Kowalczewski
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 36950 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 36950 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 36950 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Anthony J Durkin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Bernard Choi
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ultracompact Deep Neural Network for Ultrafast Optical Property Extraction in Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI). PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a powerful, label-free imaging technique capable of the wide-field quantitative mapping of tissue optical properties and, subsequently, chromophore concentrations. While SFDI hardware acquisition methods have advanced towards video-rate, the inverse problem (i.e., the mapping of acquired diffuse reflectance to optical properties) has remained a bottleneck for real-time data processing and visualization. Deep learning methods are adept at fitting nonlinear patterns, and may be ideal for rapidly solving the SFDI inverse problem. While current deep neural networks (DNN) are growing increasingly larger and more complex (e.g., with millions of parameters or more), our study shows that it can also be beneficial to move in the other direction, i.e., make DNNs that are smaller and simpler. Here, we propose an ultracompact, two-layer, fully connected DNN structure (each layer with four and two neurons, respectively) for ultrafast optical property extractions, which is 30×–600× faster than current methods with a similar or improved accuracy, allowing for an inversion time of 5.5 ms for 696 × 520 pixels. We further demonstrated the proposed inverse model in numerical simulations, and comprehensive phantom characterization, as well as offering in vivo measurements of dynamic physiological processes. We further demonstrated that the computation time could achieve another 200× improvement with a GPU device. This deep learning structure will help to enable fast and accurate real-time SFDI measurements, which are crucial for pre-clinical, clinical, and industrial applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Khurana A, Banothu AK, Thanusha AV, Nayal A, Dinda AK, Singhal M, Bharani KK, Koul V. Preclinical efficacy study of a porous biopolymeric scaffold based on gelatin-hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulfate in a porcine burn injury model: role of critical molecular markers (VEGFA, N-cadherin, COX-2), gamma sterilization efficacy and a comparison of healing potential to Integra™. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34384056 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac1d3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Development of scaffold from biopolymers can ease the requirements for donor skin autograft and plays an effective role in the treatment of burn wounds. In the current study, a porous foam based, bilayered hydrogel scaffold was developed using gelatin, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate (G-HA-CS). The fabricated scaffold was characterized physicochemically for pre- and post-sterilization efficacy by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).In-vitrostudies proved that the scaffold promoted cellular proliferation. The efficacy of G-HA-CS scaffold was compared with Integra™ at different time points (7, 14, 21 and 42 days), in a swine second degree burn wound model. Remarkable healing potential of the scaffold was evident from the wound contraction rate, reduction of IL-6, TNF-αand C3. The expression of healing markers TGF-β1 and collagen 1 revealed significant skin regeneration with regulated fibroblast activation towards the late phase of healing (p< 0.001 at day 21 and 42 vs. control). Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), vimentin and N-cadherin were found to favor angiogenesis and skin regeneration. Mechanistically, scaffold promoted wound healing by modulation of CD-45, cyclooxygenase-2 and MMP-2. Thus, the promising results with foam based scaffold, comparable to Integra™ in swine burn injury model offer an innovative lead for clinical translation for effective management of burn wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Khurana
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Warangal 506166, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India.,Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fishery Science, PVNRTVU, Pebbair, Wanaparthy 509104, Telangana, India
| | - A V Thanusha
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aradhana Nayal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Maneesh Singhal
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, J.P.N. Apex Trauma Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raj Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India.,Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Warangal 506166, Telangana, India.,Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, College of Fishery Science, PVNRTVU, Pebbair, Wanaparthy 509104, Telangana, India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lim D, Renteria ES, Sime DS, Ju YM, Kim JH, Criswell T, Shupe TD, Atala A, Marini FC, Gurcan MN, Soker S, Hunsberger J, Yoo JJ. Bioreactor design and validation for manufacturing strategies in tissue engineering. Biodes Manuf 2021; 5:43-63. [PMID: 35223131 PMCID: PMC8870603 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic options to restore, maintain or improve tissue function following disease or injury. To maximize the biological function of a tissue-engineered clinical product, specific conditions must be maintained within a bioreactor to allow the maturation of the product in preparation for implantation. Specifically, the bioreactor should be designed to mimic the mechanical, electrochemical and biochemical environment that the product will be exposed to in vivo. Real-time monitoring of the functional capacity of tissue-engineered products during manufacturing is a critical component of the quality management process. The present review provides a brief overview of bioreactor engineering considerations. In addition, strategies for bioreactor automation, in-line product monitoring and quality assurance are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Eric S. Renteria
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Drake S. Sime
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Young Min Ju
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Thomas D. Shupe
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Frank C. Marini
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joshua Hunsberger
- RegenMed Development Organization (ReMDO), Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yin M, Li Y, Luo Y, Yuan M, Armato U, Prà ID, Zhang L, Zhang D, Wei Y, Yang G, Huang L, Wang P, Wu J. A novel method for objectively, rapidly and accurately evaluating burn depth via near infrared spectroscopy. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkab014. [PMID: 34258302 PMCID: PMC8272531 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The accurate and objective evaluation of burn depth is a significant challenge in burn wound care. Herein, we used near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology to measure the different depth of thermal burns in ex vivo porcine models. Based on the intensity of the spectral signals and the diffuse reflection theory, we extracted the optical parameters involved in functional (total hemoglobin and water content) and structural (tissue scattered size and scattered particles) features that reflect the changes in burn depth. Next, we applied support vector regression to construct a model including the optical property parameters and the burn depth. Finally, we histologically verified the burn depth data collected via NIRS. The results showed that our inversion model could achieve an average relative error of about 7.63%, while the NIRS technology diagnostic accuracy was in the range of 50 μm. For the first time, this novel technique provides physicians with real-time burn depth information objectively and accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Yin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yongquan Luo
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Mingzhou Yuan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Yating Wei
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Lixian Huang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China
| | - Pin Wang
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Institute Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spatial-Frequency Domain Imaging: An Emerging Depth-Varying and Wide-Field Technique for Optical Property Measurement of Biological Tissues. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of optical properties is critical for understanding light-tissue interaction, properly interpreting measurement data, and gaining better knowledge of tissue physicochemical properties. However, conventional optical measuring techniques are limited in point measurement, which partly hinders the applications on characterizing spatial distribution and inhomogeneity of optical properties of biological tissues. Spatial-frequency domain imaging (SFDI), as an emerging non-contact, depth-varying and wide-field optical imaging technique, is capable of measuring the optical properties in a wide field-of-view on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This review first describes the typical SFDI system and the principle for estimating optical properties using the SFDI technique. Then, the applications of SFDI in the fields of biomedicine, as well as food and agriculture, are reviewed, including burn assessment, skin tissue evaluation, tumor tissue detection, brain tissue monitoring, and quality evaluation of agro-products. Finally, a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives of SFDI for optical property estimation is presented.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee S, Mey L, Szymanska AF, Takhar HS, Cuccia DJ, Mazhar A, Yu K. SFDI biomarkers provide a quantitative ulcer risk metric and can be used to predict diabetic foot ulcer onset. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107624. [PMID: 32522482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Annually, up to 4% of people with diabetes present with a chronic foot ulcer. Quantitative real-time testing to identify patients at risk for ulceration can guide preventative care. Here, we assess whether a non-invasive optical imaging technique, Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI), can identify patients at the highest risk for ulceration and predict ulcer onset. METHODS We imaged 252 subjects with diabetes at Kaiser Permanente, Southern California. SFDI derived tissue biomarkers of microcirculation were compared between subjects with and without a history of ulceration, and subjects who did or did not develop ulcers after 1 year. RESULTS Feet of subjects at the highest risk (i.e. history of ulceration) had significantly lower hemoglobin in the papillary dermis (HbT1), along with higher oxygenation (StO2) due to poor extraction. These subjects also had more homogeneous hemoglobin spread in the reticular dermis (HbT2) and tissue scattering (related to skin structure). Prediction based on HbT1 and tissue scattering identified new ulcerations and performed with sensitivity/specificity of 68.8%/64.8% and 75.0%/69.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results show that SFDI hemoglobin distribution and oxygenation biomarkers provide a quantitative basis for ulcer risk stratification and ulcer onset prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzette Lee
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Pasadena, CA, United States of America.
| | - Leann Mey
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Harpreet S Takhar
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kalvin Yu
- Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ross CJ, Hsu MC, Baumwart R, Mir A, Burkhart HM, Holzapfel GA, Wu Y, Lee CH. Quantification of load-dependent changes in the collagen fiber architecture for the strut chordae tendineae-leaflet insertion of porcine atrioventricular heart valves. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 20:223-241. [PMID: 32809131 PMCID: PMC8008705 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrioventricular heart valves (AHVs) regulate the unidirectional flow of blood through the heart by opening and closing of the leaflets, which are supported in their functions by the chordae tendineae (CT). The leaflets and CT are primarily composed of collagen fibers that act as the load-bearing component of the tissue microstructures. At the CT-leaflet insertion, the collagen fiber architecture is complex, and has been of increasing focus in the previous literature. However, these previous studies have not been able to quantify the load-dependent changes in the tissue's collagen fiber orientations and alignments. In the present study, we address this gap in knowledge by quantifying the changes in the collagen fiber architecture of the mitral and tricuspid valve's strut CT-leaflet insertions in response to the applied loads by using a unique approach, which combines polarized spatial frequency domain imaging with uniaxial mechanical testing. Additionally, we characterized these microstructural changes across the same specimen without the need for tissue fixatives. We observed increases in the collagen fiber alignments in the CT-leaflet insertion with increased loading, as described through the degree of optical anisotropy. Furthermore, we used a leaflet-CT-papillary muscle entity method during uniaxial testing to quantify the chordae tendineae mechanics, including the derivation of the Ogden-type constitutive modeling parameters. The results from this study provide a valuable insight into the load-dependent behaviors of the strut CT-leaflet insertion, offering a research avenue to better understand the relationship between tissue mechanics and the microstructure, which will contribute to a deeper understanding of AHV biomechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colton J Ross
- Biomechanics and Biomaterial Design Laboratory (BBDL), School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ming-Chen Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ryan Baumwart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Arshid Mir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Harold M Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yi Wu
- Biomechanics and Biomaterial Design Laboratory (BBDL), School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Chung-Hao Lee
- Biomechanics and Biomaterial Design Laboratory (BBDL), School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA. .,School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Affiliated Faculty, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (IBEST), The University of Oklahoma, 865 Asp Ave., Felgar Hall Rm. 219C, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A Pilot Study on Linking Tissue Mechanics with Load-Dependent Collagen Microstructures in Porcine Tricuspid Valve Leaflets. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7020060. [PMID: 32570939 PMCID: PMC7356733 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tricuspid valve (TV) is composed of three leaflets that coapt during systole to prevent deoxygenated blood from re-entering the right atrium. The connection between the TV leaflets’ microstructure and the tissue-level mechanical responses has yet to be fully understood in the TV biomechanics society. This pilot study sought to examine the load-dependent collagen fiber architecture of the three TV leaflets, by employing a multiscale, combined experimental approach that utilizes tissue-level biaxial mechanical characterizations, micro-level collagen fiber quantification, and histological analysis. Our results showed that the three TV leaflets displayed greater extensibility in the tissues’ radial direction than in the circumferential direction, consistently under different applied biaxial tensions. Additionally, collagen fibers reoriented towards the direction of the larger applied load, with the largest changes in the alignment of the collagen fibers under radially-dominant loading. Moreover, collagen fibers in the belly region of the TV leaflets were found to experience greater reorientations compared to the tissue region closer to the TV annulus. Furthermore, histological examinations of the TV leaflets displayed significant regional variation in constituent mass fraction, highlighting the heterogeneous collagen microstructure. The combined experimental approach presented in this work enables the connection of tissue mechanics, collagen fiber microstructure, and morphology for the TV leaflets. This experimental methodology also provides a new research platform for future developments, such as multiscale models for the TVs, and the design of bioprosthetic heart valves that could better mimic the mechanical, microstructural, and morphological characteristics of the native tricuspid valve leaflets.
Collapse
|
19
|
Early visualization of skin burn severity using a topically applied dye-loaded liquid bandage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9314. [PMID: 32518260 PMCID: PMC7283312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin burns are a significant source of injury in both military and civilian sectors. They are especially problematic in low resource environments where non-fatal injuries can lead to high morbidity rates, prolonged hospitalization, and disability. These multifaceted wounds can be highly complex and must be quickly diagnosed and treated to achieve optimal outcomes. When the appropriate resources are available, the current gold standard for assessing skin burns is through tissue punch biopsies followed by histological analysis. Apart from being invasive, costly, and time-consuming, this method can suffer from heterogeneous sampling errors when interrogating large burn areas. Here we present a practical method for the early visualization of skin burn severity using a topically applied fluorescein-loaded liquid bandage and an unmodified commercial digital camera. Quantitative linear mixed effects models of color images from a four day porcine burn study demonstrate that colorimetric changes within the HSB colorspace can be used to estimate burn depth severity immediately after burning. The finding was verified using fluorescence imaging, tissue cross-sectioning, and histopathology. This low-cost, rapid, and non-invasive color analysis approach demonstrates the potential of dye-loaded liquid bandages as a method for skin burn assessment in settings such as emergency medicine triage and low resource environments.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ponticorvo A, Rowland R, Baldado M, Kennedy GT, Hosking AM, Burmeister DM, Christy RJ, Bernal NP, Durkin AJ. Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) of clinical burns: A case report. BURNS OPEN 2020; 4:67-71. [PMID: 32832745 PMCID: PMC7442210 DOI: 10.1016/j.burnso.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While visual assessment by a clinician is the standard of care for burn severity evaluations, new technologies at various stages of development are attempting to add objectivity to this practice by quantifying burn severity. Assessment accuracy generally improves after the burn injury has progressed, but early assessments that correctly identify superficial partial and deep partial burns have the potential to lead to more prompt treatments and shorter recovery times. To date, Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) has only been used in animal models of burns, but has shown the potential to categorize burns accurately at earlier time points. Here we examine the potential for SFDI to assess burn severity in clinical patients. We also utilize Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI), an FDA cleared non-invasive imaging technology that typically measures blood perfusion in order to evaluate burns in clinical patients. We present a case series of two patients, both with partial thickness burns of varying severity. Partial thickness burns are often difficult for clinicians to categorize based on visual appearance alone. SFDI and LSI were both performed on each patient at approximately 24 and 72 h after their respective burn incidents. Each technique was able to render spatially resolved information that enabled improved assessment accuracy for each burn. This represents the first publication of SFDI applied to clinical burn patients after being successfully utilized in animal models, and highlights the potential for SFDI as a feasible tool for the timely categorization of burn severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ponticorvo
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of
California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United
States
| | - Rebecca Rowland
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of
California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United
States
| | - Melissa Baldado
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of
California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United
States
| | - Gordon T. Kennedy
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of
California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United
States
| | - Anna-Marie Hosking
- UC Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 333 City
Boulevard West, Suite 705, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - David M. Burmeister
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650
Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, United States
| | - Robert J. Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650
Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, United States
| | - Nicole P. Bernal
- UC Irvine Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 333 City
Boulevard West, Suite 705, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of
California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United
States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jackson KR, Pollins AC, Assi PE, Kassis SK, Cardwell NL, Thayer WP. Eosinophilic recruitment in thermally injured older animals is associated with worse outcomes and higher conversion to full thickness burn. Burns 2019; 46:1114-1119. [PMID: 31787477 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial burn injury in older patients is associated with higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and conversion to full thickness burn (Finnerty et al., 2009; Pham et al., 2009). Both human and mouse models demonstrate an altered systemic immune response in older subjects, however less is known about the localized response (Jeschke et al., 2016; Farinas et al., 2018; Mohs et al., 2017). We hypothesized that a mouse model could demonstrate differences in the localized inflammatory response of the old. METHODS Six old (66 weeks) and young (8 weeks) mice received partial thickness thermal burns. Localized and systemic expression of nine chemokines (TNFalpha, MCP-1, MIP-2, S100A9, EGF, IL-10, RANTES, G-CSF, and EOTAXIN) were evaluated at day 3 after burn using Luminex analysis. Vimentin immunostaining was used to evaluate injury depth. RESULTS Vimentin staining demonstrated increased burn depth in old mice (449±38μm) as compared to young (166±18μm) (p<0.05). Both groups exhibited increased localized expression of EOTAXIN after burn (p<0.05), however expression in old mice (83.6±6.1pg/ml) was lower than that of young (126.8±18.7pg/ml) (p<0.05). Systemically, however, old mice had increased baseline EOTAXIN expression (1332.40±110.78pg/ml) compared to young (666.12±45.8pg/ml) (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS EOTAXIN is one of the primary chemoattractants for selective eosinophilic recruitment and activation. While eosinophils are important for wound healing, a hyperactive eosinophilic response can result in tissue damage. We hypothesize that the increased baseline serum EOTAXIN in the old may prime their hyperactive response, and may contribute to their worse clinical outcomes. Long-term eosinophil activation requires further study, however our findings indicate a role for EOTAXIN and eosinophils in burn response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alonda C Pollins
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Patrick E Assi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Salam K Kassis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy L Cardwell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wesley P Thayer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yuan M, Yin M, Zhang L, Feng J, Zhu J, Zhou Z, Shu B, Zhou F, Zhang F, Yin H, Wang X, Qi S, Wu J. Selective debridement of burn wounds using hydrosurgery system. Int Wound J 2019; 17:300-309. [PMID: 31782622 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, hydrosurgery is a technology that has been applied more and more in debridement procedures. However, the selectivity of hydrosurgery to cutaneous necrotic tissues has not been proved. This study was designed to investigate the possible tissue selectivity of hydrosurgery in the debridement in burn wounds. Deep partial-thickness burns were produced on the back of porcine, and 48 hours later, both burn wounds and normal skin were debrided using the hydrosurgery system. Then tissue samples were taken, and histological staining was performed and observed under microscope. Burn wound resection rates and the normal skin damaged rates were measured. Our result indicated that the burn wounds were significantly more sensitive than the normal skin when the water pressure produced by the hydrosurgery system was set between 3000 and 5000 psi (pounds per square inch), that is, the necrotic tissue portions were debrided more easily than the normal skin tissue. Based on these data, we suggest that 3000 to 5000 psi of water pressure in the hydrosurgery system has a skin tissue selectivity in burn wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Yuan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Yin
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Feng
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyou Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyingnan Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanxiao Yin
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kennedy GT, Stone R, Kowalczewski AC, Rowland R, Chen JH, Baldado ML, Ponticorvo A, Bernal N, Christy RJ, Durkin AJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging: a quantitative, noninvasive tool for in vivo monitoring of burn wound and skin graft healing. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 31313538 PMCID: PMC6630099 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for noninvasive, quantitative methods to characterize wound healing in the context of longitudinal investigations related to regenerative medicine. Such tools have the potential to inform the assessment of wound status and healing progression and aid the development of new treatments. We employed spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) to characterize the changes in optical properties of tissue during wound healing progression in a porcine model of split-thickness skin grafts and also in a model of burn wound healing with no graft intervention. Changes in the reduced scattering coefficient measured using SFDI correlated with structural changes reported by histology of biopsies taken concurrently. SFDI was able to measure spatial inhomogeneity in the wounds and predicted heterogeneous healing. In addition, we were able to visualize differences in healing rate, depending on whether a wound was debrided and grafted, versus not debrided and left to heal without intervention apart from topical burn wound care. Changes in the concentration of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin were also quantified, giving insight into hemodynamic changes during healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T. Kennedy
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Randolph Stone
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew C. Kowalczewski
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Rebecca Rowland
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey H. Chen
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Melissa L. Baldado
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Adrien Ponticorvo
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Nicole Bernal
- UC Irvine Regional Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Orange, California, United States
| | - Robert J. Christy
- Combat Trauma and Burn Injury Research, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Anthony J. Durkin, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-18. [PMID: 31222987 PMCID: PMC6995958 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019. [PMID: 31222987 DOI: 10.1117/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhao Y, Deng Y, Bao F, Peterson H, Istfan R, Roblyer D. Deep learning model for ultrafast multifrequency optical property extractions for spatial frequency domain imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5669-5672. [PMID: 30439924 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is emerging as an important new method in biomedical imaging due to its ability to provide label-free, wide-field tissue optical property maps. Most prior SFDI studies have utilized two spatial frequencies (2-fx) for optical property extractions. The use of more than two frequencies (multi-fx) can vastly improve the accuracy and reduce uncertainties in optical property estimates for some tissue types, but it has been limited in practice due to the slow speed of available inversion algorithms. We present a deep learning solution that eliminates this bottleneck by solving the multi-fx inverse problem 300× to 100,000× faster, with equivalent or improved accuracy compared to competing methods. The proposed deep learning inverse model will help to enable real-time and highly accurate tissue measurements with SFDI.
Collapse
|
27
|
Leung G, Duta D, Perry J, Leonardi L, Fish J, Cross K. Rapid tissue viability evaluation using methemoglobin as a biomarker in burns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2018; 8:126-134. [PMID: 30515351 PMCID: PMC6261915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Burns are a frequent cause of traumatic injury, accounting for an average of 1,230 visits to the emergency department every day in the United States. While many of these injuries will heal spontaneously, nearly 1 in 10 are severe enough to require hospitalization or transfer to a specialized burn center. The early surgical management of a severe burn is critical to patient outcome, but few tools exist for triaging viable and non-viable tissue at early time-points post-injury. Without a validated outcome measure, even experienced burn surgeons diagnose tissue viability with an accuracy of only 50-70%, with significant consequences for patient morbidity, mortality and cost to the healthcare system. In this work, we have developed a non-invasive device that uses near-infrared spectroscopy to rapidly assess traumatic burns at the bedside. We report that near-infrared spectroscopy can detect methemoglobin non-invasively, and that this molecule increases in burned tissue immediately following injury in both a porcine model and in humans. Methemoglobin levels are highest in non-viable tissue, and correlate with tissue viability as early as 24 hours post-burn. Methemoglobin is the first reported objective outcome measure for use in the management of traumatic burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- General Leung
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael’s HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dragos Duta
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael’s HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Perry
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Michael’s HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joel Fish
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Cross
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Michael’s HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ponticorvo A, Rowland R, Baldado M, Burmeister DM, Christy RJ, Bernal NP, Durkin AJ. Evaluating clinical observation versus Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI), Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) and thermal imaging for the assessment of burn depth. Burns 2018; 45:450-460. [PMID: 30327232 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
While clinical examination is needed for burn severity diagnosis, several emerging technologies aim to quantify this process for added objectivity. Accurate assessments become easier after burn progression, but earlier assessments of partial thickness burn depth could lead to earlier excision and grafting and subsequent improved healing times, reduced rates of scarring/infection, and shorter hospital stays. Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI), Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) and thermal imaging are three non-invasive imaging modalities that have some diagnostic ability for noninvasive assessment of burn severity, but have not been compared in a controlled experiment. Here we tested the ability of these imaging techniques to assess the severity of histologically confirmed graded burns in a swine model. Controlled, graded burn wounds, 3cm in diameter were created on the dorsum of Yorkshire pigs (n=3, 45-55kg) using a custom-made burn tool that ensures consistent pressure has been employed by various burn research groups. For each pig, a total of 16 burn wounds were created on the dorsal side. Biopsies were taken for histological analysis to verify the severity of the burn. Clinical analysis, SFDI, LSI and thermal imaging were performed at 24 and 72h after burn to assess the accuracy of each imaging technique. In terms of diagnostic accuracy, using histology as a reference, SFDI (85%) and clinical analysis (83%) performed significantly better that LSI (75%) and thermography (73%) 24h after the burn. There was no statistically significant improvement from 24 to 72h across the different imaging modalities. These data indicate that these imaging modalities, and specifically SFDI, can be added to the burn clinicians' toolbox to aid in early assessment of burn severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ponticorvo
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Rebecca Rowland
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Melissa Baldado
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - David M Burmeister
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, United States
| | - Robert J Christy
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234, United States
| | - Nicole P Bernal
- UC Irvine Regional Burn Center, Department of Surgery, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 705, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Anthony J Durkin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, CA 92617, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weinkauf C, Mazhar A, Vaishnav K, Hamadani AA, Cuccia DJ, Armstrong DG. Near-instant noninvasive optical imaging of tissue perfusion for vascular assessment. J Vasc Surg 2018; 69:555-562. [PMID: 30292608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.06.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive vascular tests are critical for identifying patients who may benefit from surgical revascularization, but current tests have significant limitations in people with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), an optical imaging method capable of measuring tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and tissue hemoglobin, to assess lower extremity blood supply. METHODS Ankle-brachial index, toe-brachial index, pedal Doppler waveforms, and SFDI images were prospectively evaluated in 47 consecutive patients with and without diabetes in whom there was concern for peripheral artery disease (PAD). SFDI is a noncontact optical imaging technology that uses structured illumination to quantify subsurface (2-3 mm in depth) StO2 and tissue hemoglobin in the dermal microcirculation (HbT1) and macrocirculation (HbT2) over a large field of view (15 × 20 cm) within 10 seconds. RESULTS This demonstrates the ability of SFDI to capture reliable clinical measurements of perfusion in plantar aspects of the feet. SFDI StO2 values differentiate nondiabetic patients with and without arterial disease, defined as ankle-brachial index <0.9 (P = .06), but are limited in those with diabetes (P = .43). An elevated StO2 and reduced HbT1 are observed in people with diabetes compared with nondiabetic patients (P < .05). An SFDI-derived HbT2/HbT1 index differentiates diabetics with PAD vs no PAD (P < .01) using toe-brachial index <0.7 as a cutoff for PAD in diabetes. CONCLUSIONS SFDI is a feasible, rapid, and easy to use widefield measurement of perfusion in a clinical setting. This first-of-use study suggests that the technology has potential to evaluate lower extremity perfusion in people with and without diabetes. Further studies with increased numbers of patients and end points including wound healing will need to be designed to fully evaluate the applicability of this new technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Weinkauf
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
| | | | - Kairavi Vaishnav
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Auon A Hamadani
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - David G Armstrong
- Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Angelo JP, Chen SJ, Ochoa M, Sunar U, Gioux S, Intes X. Review of structured light in diffuse optical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-20. [PMID: 30218503 PMCID: PMC6676045 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical imaging probes deep living tissue enabling structural, functional, metabolic, and molecular imaging. Recently, due to the availability of spatial light modulators, wide-field quantitative diffuse optical techniques have been implemented, which benefit greatly from structured light methodologies. Such implementations facilitate the quantification and characterization of depth-resolved optical and physiological properties of thick and deep tissue at fast acquisition speeds. We summarize the current state of work and applications in the three main techniques leveraging structured light: spatial frequency-domain imaging, optical tomography, and single-pixel imaging. The theory, measurement, and analysis of spatial frequency-domain imaging are described. Then, advanced theories, processing, and imaging systems are summarized. Preclinical and clinical applications on physiological measurements for guidance and diagnosis are summarized. General theory and method development of tomographic approaches as well as applications including fluorescence molecular tomography are introduced. Lastly, recent developments of single-pixel imaging methodologies and applications are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Angelo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph P. Angelo, E-mail: ; Sez-Jade Chen, E-mail:
| | - Sez-Jade Chen
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph P. Angelo, E-mail: ; Sez-Jade Chen, E-mail:
| | - Marien Ochoa
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Wright State University, Department of Biomedical Industrial and Human Factor Engineering, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Intes
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A systematic review on the quality of measurement techniques for the assessment of burn wound depth or healing potential. Burns 2018; 45:261-281. [PMID: 29941159 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reliable and valid assessment of burn wound depth or healing potential is essential to treatment decision-making, to provide a prognosis, and to compare studies evaluating different treatment modalities. The aim of this review was to critically appraise, compare and summarize the quality of relevant measurement properties of techniques that aim to assess burn wound depth or healing potential. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of included articles using an adapted version of the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. A synthesis of evidence was performed to rate the measurement properties for each technique and to draw an overall conclusion on quality of the techniques. RESULTS Thirty-six articles were included, evaluating various techniques, classified as (1) laser Doppler techniques; (2) thermography or thermal imaging; (3) other measurement techniques. Strong evidence was found for adequate construct validity of laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Moderate evidence was found for adequate construct validity of thermography, videomicroscopy, and spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). Only two studies reported on the measurement property reliability. Furthermore, considerable variation was observed among comparator instruments. CONCLUSIONS Considering the evidence available, it appears that LDI is currently the most favorable technique; thereby assessing burn wound healing potential. Additional research is needed into thermography, videomicroscopy, and SFDI to evaluate their full potential. Future studies should focus on reliability and measurement error, and provide a precise description of which construct is aimed to measure.
Collapse
|
32
|
Poon C, Sunar U, Rohrbach DJ, Krishnamurthy S, Olsen T, Kent M, Weir NM, Simman R, Travers JB. Early assessment of burn severity in human tissue ex vivo with multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:251-254. [PMID: 29859991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early knowledge about burn severity and depth can lead to improved outcome for patients. In this study, we investigated the change in optical properties in ex vivo human skin following thermal burn injuries. Human skin removed during body contouring procedures was subjected to thermal burn injury for either 10 or 60 s. Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on each sample and the optical properties (absorption and scattering parameters) were obtained at each wavelength. Multi-wavelength fitting was used to quantify absorption and scattering parameters, and these parameters were compared to histologic assessments of burn depth related to burn severity. Our results indicated substantial changes in optical scattering parameters and these changes correlated well with the burn severity and depth, and fit closely with previously reported studies using porcine in vivo models. This study provides the characterization of thermal burn injury on human skin ex vivo by using the optical method of SFDI with high sensitivity and specificity. This preclinical human model system without live animals could have uses in testing the imaging parameters of other skin injuries, including from caustic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien Poon
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Daniel J Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Smita Krishnamurthy
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dermpathology Laboratory of Central States, Dayton, OH 45459, USA
| | - Michael Kent
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dermpathology Laboratory of Central States, Dayton, OH 45459, USA
| | - Nathan M Weir
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Richard Simman
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ye H, Rahul, Dargar S, Kruger U, De S. Ultrasound elastography reliably identifies altered mechanical properties of burned soft tissues. Burns 2018; 44:1521-1530. [PMID: 29859811 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Although burn injury to the skin and subcutaneous tissues is common in both civilian and military scenarios, a significant knowledge gap exists in quantifying changes in tissue properties as a result of burns. In this study, we present a noninvasive technique based on ultrasound elastography which can reliably assess altered nonlinear mechanical properties of a burned tissue. In particular, ex vivo porcine skin tissues have been exposed to four different burn conditions: (i) 200°F for 10s, (ii) 200°F for 30s, (iii) 450°F for 10s, and (iv) 450°F for 30s. A custom-developed instrument including a robotically controlled ultrasound probe and force sensors has been used to compress the tissue samples to compute two parameters (C10 and C20) of a reduced second-order polynomial hyperelastic material model. The results indicate that while the linear model parameter (C10) does not show a statistically significant difference between the test conditions, the nonlinear model parameter (C20) reliably identifies three (ii-iv) of the four cases (p<0.05) when comparing burned with unburned tissues with a classification accuracy of 60-87%. Additionally, softening of the tissue is observed because of the change in structure of the collagen fibers. The ultrasound elastography-based technique has potential for application under in vivo conditions, which is left for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanglin Ye
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Rahul
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Dargar
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Uwe Kruger
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Suvranu De
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ye H, De S. Thermal injury of skin and subcutaneous tissues: A review of experimental approaches and numerical models. Burns 2017; 43:909-932. [PMID: 27931765 PMCID: PMC5459687 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermal injury to skin and subcutaneous tissue is common in both civilian and combat scenarios. Understanding the change in tissue morphologies and properties and the underlying mechanisms of thermal injury are of vital importance to clinical determination of the degree of burn and treatment approach. This review aims at summarizing the research involving experimental and numerical studies of skin and subcutaneous tissue subjected to thermal injury. The review consists of two parts. The first part deals with experimental studies including burn protocols and prevailing imaging approaches. The second part deals with existing numerical models for burns of tissue and related computational simulations. Based on this review, we conclude that though there is literature contributing to the knowledge of the pathology and pathogenesis of tissue burn, there is scant quantitative information regarding changes in tissue properties including mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties as a result of burns that are linked to altered tissue morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanglin Ye
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Suvranu De
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yafi A, Muakkassa FK, Pasupneti T, Fulton J, Cuccia DJ, Mazhar A, Blasiole KN, Mostow EN. Quantitative skin assessment using spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) in patients with or at high risk for pressure ulcers. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:827-834. [PMID: 28586092 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pressure ulcers (PU) are a significant problem facing the health system in the United States. Here, we present preliminary case studies demonstrating feasibility of Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) to assess skin status in high-risk populations and pre-existing wounds. SFDI is a wide-field non-contact optical imaging technology that uses structured light to obtain tissue optical properties and of tissue constituents. This study aims to determine the fit of SFDI for PU care and determine the next steps. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients at risk for pressure ulcers were imaged using a near-infrared SFDI system. SFDI-derived images of tissue function (tissue hemoglobin, tissue oxygen saturation) and structure (tissue scattering) were then compared to each other as well as a blinded dermatologist's clinical impressions. RESULTS Four case series were chosen to demonstrate the imaging capability of this technology. The first scenario demonstrates normal skin of three patients without skin breakdown with spatially uniform measures of tissue oxygen saturation, scattering, and blood volume. The second scenario demonstrates a stage II PU; the third case shows non-blanchable erythema of an unstageable PU; a fourth scenario is a clinically indistinguishable skin rash versus early stages of a PU. In all these cases, we observe spatial changes in tissue constituents (decrease in tissue oxygen saturation, increased blood pooling, decreased scattering). CONCLUSION We have presented the first use of SFDI for pressure ulcer imaging and staging. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of this optical technology to assess tissue oxygen saturation and blood volume status in a quantitative manner. With the proposed improvements in modeling and hardware, SFDI has potential to provide a means for pressure ulcer risk stratification, healing and staging. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:827-834, 2017 © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Yafi
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106.,Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44307
| | - Fuad K Muakkassa
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106.,Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44307.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Tejasvi Pasupneti
- Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44307.,Summa Akron City Hospital, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44304
| | - Judy Fulton
- Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44307
| | | | - Amaan Mazhar
- Modulated Imaging Inc., Irvine, California, 92614
| | - Kimberly N Blasiole
- Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44307
| | - Eliot N Mostow
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106.,Cleveland Clinic, Akron General, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Akron, Ohio, 44307
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ponticorvo A, Burmeister DM, Rowland R, Baldado M, Kennedy GT, Saager R, Bernal N, Choi B, Durkin AJ. Quantitative long-term measurements of burns in a rat model using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) and Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI). Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:293-304. [PMID: 28220508 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OJECTIVES The current standard for diagnosis of burn severity and subsequent wound healing is through clinical examination, which is highly subjective. Several new technologies are shifting focus to burn care in an attempt to help quantify not only burn depth but also the progress of healing. While accurate early assessment of partial thickness burns is critical for dictating the course of treatment, the ability to quantitatively monitor wound status over time is critical for understanding treatment efficacy. SFDI and LSI are both non-invasive imaging modalities that have been shown to have great diagnostic value for burn severity, but have yet to be tested over the course of wound healing. METHODS In this study, a hairless rat model (n = 6, 300-450 g) was used with a four pronged comb to create four identical partial thickness burns (superficial n = 3 and deep n = 3) that were used to monitor wound healing over a 28 days period. Weekly biopsies were taken for histological analysis to verify wound progression. Both SFDI and LSI were performed weekly to track the evolution of hemodynamic (blood flow and oxygen saturation) and structural (reduced scattering coefficient) properties for the burns. RESULTS LSI showed significant changes in blood flow from baseline to 220% in superficial and 165% in deep burns by day 7. In superficial burns, blood flow returned to baseline levels by day 28, but not for deep burns where blood flow remained elevated. Smaller increases in blood flow were also observed in the surrounding tissue over the same time period. Oxygen saturation values measured with SFDI showed a progressive increase from baseline values of 66-74% in superficial burns and 72% in deep burns by day 28. Additionally, SFDI showed significant decreases in the reduced scattering coefficient shortly after the burns were created. The scattering coefficient progressively decreased in the wound area, but returned towards baseline conditions at the end of the 28 days period. Scattering changes in the surrounding tissue remained constant despite the presence of hemodynamic changes. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that LSI and SFDI are capable of monitoring changes in hemodynamic and scattering properties in burn wounds over a 28 days period. These results highlight the potential insights that can be gained by using non-invasive imaging technologies to study wound healing. Further development of these technologies could be revolutionary for wound monitoring and studying the efficacy of different treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:293-304, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Ponticorvo
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617
| | - David M Burmeister
- United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, 36950 Chambers Pass, Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234
| | - Rebecca Rowland
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Melissa Baldado
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Gordon T Kennedy
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Rolf Saager
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Nicole Bernal
- Department of Surgery, UC Irvine Regional Burn Center, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 705, Orange, California 92868
| | - Bernard Choi
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Anthony J Durkin
- Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92617
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jayachandran M, Rodriguez S, Solis E, Lei J, Godavarty A. Critical Review of Noninvasive Optical Technologies for Wound Imaging. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:349-359. [PMID: 27602254 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2015.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Noninvasive imaging approaches can provide greater information about a wound than visual inspection during the wound healing and treatment process. This review article focuses on various optical imaging techniques developed to image different wound types (more specifically ulcers). Recent Advances: The noninvasive optical imaging approaches in this review include hyperspectral imaging, multispectral imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, laser Doppler imaging, laser speckle imaging, spatial frequency domain imaging, and fluorescence imaging. The various wounds imaged using these techniques include open wounds, chronic wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, decubitus ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and burns. Preliminary work in the development and implementation of a near-infrared optical scanner for wound imaging as a noncontact hand-held device is briefly described. The technology is based on NIRS and has demonstrated its potential to differentiate a healing from nonhealing wound region. Critical Issues: While most of the optical imaging techniques can penetrate few hundred microns to a 1-2 mm from the wound surface, NIRS has the potential to penetrate deeper, demonstrating the potential to image internal wounds. Future Directions: All the technologies are currently at various stages of translational efforts to the clinic, with NIRS holding a greater promise for physiological assessment of the wounds internal, beyond the gold-standard visual assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maanasa Jayachandran
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Suset Rodriguez
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Elizabeth Solis
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jiali Lei
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Anuradha Godavarty
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao Y, Tabassum S, Piracha S, Nandhu MS, Viapiano M, Roblyer D. Angle correction for small animal tumor imaging with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2373-84. [PMID: 27375952 PMCID: PMC4918590 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a widefield imaging technique that allows for the quantitative extraction of tissue optical properties. SFDI is currently being explored for small animal tumor imaging, but severe imaging artifacts occur for highly curved surfaces (e.g. the tumor edge). We propose a modified Lambertian angle correction, adapted from the Minnaert correction method for satellite imagery, to account for tissue surface angles up to 75°. The method was tested in a hemisphere phantom study as well as a small animal tumor model. The proposed method reduced µa and µs` extraction errors by an average of 64% and 16% respectively compared to performing no angle correction, and provided more physiologically agreeable optical property and chromophore values on tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhao
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Syeda Tabassum
- Boston University, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shaheer Piracha
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mohan Sobhana Nandhu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mariano Viapiano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ida T, Iwazaki H, Kawaguchi Y, Kawauchi S, Ohkura T, Iwaya K, Tsuda H, Saitoh D, Sato S, Iwai T. Burn depth assessments by photoacoustic imaging and laser Doppler imaging. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 24:349-55. [PMID: 26487320 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of burn depths is crucial to determine the treatment plan for severe burn patients. However, an objective method for burn depth assessment has yet to be established, although a commercial laser Doppler imaging (LDI) system is used limitedly. We previously proposed burn depth assessment based on photoacoustic imaging (PAI), in which thermoelastic waves originating from blood under the burned tissue are detected, and we showed the validity of the method by experiments using rat models with three different burn depths: superficial dermal burn, deep dermal burn and deep burn. On the basis of those results, we recently developed a real-time PAI system for clinical burn diagnosis. Before starting a clinical trial, however, there is a need to reveal more detailed diagnostic characteristics, such as linearity and error, of the PAI system as well as to compare its characteristics with those of an LDI system. In this study, we prepared rat models with burns induced at six different temperatures from 70 to 98 °C, which showed a linear dependence of injury depth on the temperature. Using these models, we examined correlations of signals obtained by PAI and LDI with histologically determined injury depths and burn induction temperatures at 48 hours postburn. We found that the burn depths indicated by PAI were highly correlative with histologically determined injury depths (depths of viable vessels) as well as with burn induction temperatures. Perfusion values measured by LDI were less correlative with these parameters, especially for burns induced at higher temperatures, being attributable to the limited detectable depth for light involving a Doppler shift in tissue. In addition, the measurement errors in PAI were smaller than those in LDI. On the basis of these results, we will be able to start clinical studies using the present PAI system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiichiro Ida
- New Concept Product Initiative, Advantest Corporation
| | | | | | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Tsuyako Ohkura
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Keiichi Iwaya
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute
| | - Toshiaki Iwai
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bodenschatz N, Krauter P, Nothelfer S, Foschum F, Bergmann F, Liemert A, Kienle A. Detecting structural information of scatterers using spatial frequency domain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:116006. [PMID: 26590206 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optical phantom experiments on the phase function parameter γ using spatial frequency domain imaging. The incorporation of two different types of scattering particles allows for control of the optical phantoms’ microscopic scattering properties. By laterally structuring areas with either TiO2 or Al2O3 scattering particles, we were able to obtain almost pure subdiffusive scattering contrast in a single optical phantom. Optical parameter mapping was then achieved using an analytical radiative transfer model revealing the microscopic structural contrast on a macroscopic field of view. As part of our study, we explain several correction and referencing techniques for high spatial frequency analysis and experimentally study the sampling depth of the subdiffusive parameter γ.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao Y, Maher JR, Kim J, Selim MA, Levinson H, Wax A. Evaluation of burn severity in vivo in a mouse model using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3339-45. [PMID: 26417505 PMCID: PMC4574661 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of burn injuries depends upon an accurate assessment of the depth of the wound. Current diagnostic methods rely primarily on subjective visual inspection, which can produce variable results. In this study, spectroscopic optical coherence tomography was used to objectively evaluate burn injuries in vivo in a mouse model. Significant spectral differences were observed and correlated with the depth of the injury as determined by histopathology. The relevance of these results to clinical burn management in human tissues is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jason R. Maher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Howard Levinson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam Wax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|