1
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Miller ADC, Chowdhury SP, Hanson HW, Linderman SK, Ghasemi HI, Miller WD, Morrissey MA, Richardson CD, Gardner BM, Mukherjee A. Engineering water exchange is a safe and effective method for magnetic resonance imaging in diverse cell types. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:30. [PMID: 38649904 PMCID: PMC11035135 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (Aqp1), a water channel, has garnered significant interest for cell-based medicine and in vivo synthetic biology due to its ability to be genetically encoded to produce magnetic resonance signals by increasing the rate of water diffusion in cells. However, concerns regarding the effects of Aqp1 overexpression and increased membrane diffusivity on cell physiology have limited its widespread use as a deep-tissue reporter. In this study, we present evidence that Aqp1 generates strong diffusion-based magnetic resonance signals without adversely affecting cell viability or morphology in diverse cell lines derived from mice and humans. Our findings indicate that Aqp1 overexpression does not induce ER stress, which is frequently associated with heterologous expression of membrane proteins. Furthermore, we observed that Aqp1 expression had no detrimental effects on native biological activities, such as phagocytosis, immune response, insulin secretion, and tumor cell migration in the analyzed cell lines. These findings should serve to alleviate any lingering safety concerns regarding the utilization of Aqp1 as a genetic reporter and should foster its broader application as a noninvasive reporter for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D C Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Soham P Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Hadley W Hanson
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Sarah K Linderman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Hannah I Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Wyatt D Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Meghan A Morrissey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Chris D Richardson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Brooke M Gardner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
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2
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Pradeep S, Zangle TA. LVING reveals the intracellular structure of cell growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8544. [PMID: 38609444 PMCID: PMC11014851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The continuous balance of growth and degradation inside cells maintains homeostasis. Disturbance of this balance by internal or external factors cause state of disease, while effective disease treatments seek to restore this balance. Here, we present a method based on quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based measurements of cell mass and the velocity of mass transport to quantify the balance of growth and degradation within intracellular control volumes. The result, which we call Lagrangian velocimetry for intracellular net growth (LVING), provides high resolution maps of intracellular biomass production and degradation. We use LVING to quantify the growth in different regions of the cell during phases of the cell cycle. LVING can also be used to quantitatively compare the effect of range of chemotherapy drug doses on subcellular growth processes. Finally, we applied LVING to characterize the effect of autophagy on the growth machinery inside cells. Overall, LVING reveals both the structure and distribution of basal growth within cells, as well as the disruptions to this structure that occur during alterations in cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soorya Pradeep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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3
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Nguyen MC, Bonnaud P, Dibsy R, Maucort G, Lyonnais S, Muriaux D, Bon P. Label-Free Single Nanoparticle Identification and Characterization in Demanding Environment, Including Infectious Emergent Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304564. [PMID: 38009767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Unknown particle screening-including virus and nanoparticles-are keys in medicine, industry, and also in water pollutant determination. Here, RYtov MIcroscopy for Nanoparticles Identification (RYMINI) is introduced, a staining-free, non-invasive, and non-destructive optical approach that is merging holographic label-free 3D tracking with high-sensitivity quantitative phase imaging into a compact optical setup. Dedicated to the identification and then characterization of single nano-object in solution, it is compatible with highly demanding environments, such as level 3 biological laboratories, with high resilience to external source of mechanical and optical noise. Metrological characterization is performed at the level of each single particle on both absorbing and transparent particles as well as on immature and infectious HIV, SARS-CoV-2 and extracellular vesicles in solution. The capability of RYMINI to determine the nature, concentration, size, complex refractive index and mass of each single particle without knowledge or model of the particles' response is demonstrated. The system surpasses 90% accuracy for automatic identification between dielectric/metallic/biological nanoparticles and ≈80% for intraclass chemical determination of metallic and dielectric. It falls down to 50-70% for type determination inside the biological nanoparticle's class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Chau Nguyen
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
| | - Peter Bonnaud
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
| | - Rayane Dibsy
- UMR 9004 CNRS, IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34293, France
| | - Guillaume Maucort
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, Talence, F-33400, France
- LP2N UMR 5298, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Sébastien Lyonnais
- UAR 3725 CNRS, CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- UMR 9004 CNRS, IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34293, France
- UAR 3725 CNRS, CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Pierre Bon
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
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4
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Xu FX, Wu R, Hu K, Fu D. Measuring Drug Response with Single-Cell Growth Rate Quantification. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18114-18121. [PMID: 38016067 PMCID: PMC11016461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a substantial cause of drug resistance development during chemotherapy or other drug treatments for cancer. Therefore, monitoring and measuring cell exposure and response to drugs at the single-cell level are crucial. Previous research suggested that the single-cell growth rate can be used to investigate drug-cell interactions. However, currently established methods for quantifying single-cell growth are limited to isolated or monolayer cells. Here, we introduce a technique that accurately measures both 2D and 3D cell growth rates using label-free ratiometric stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. We use deuterated amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine, as tracers and measure the C-D SRS signal from deuterium-labeled proteins and the C-H SRS signal from unlabeled proteins simultaneously to determine the cell growth rate at the single-cell level. The technique offers single-cell level drug sensitivity measurement with a shorter turnaround time (within 12 h) than most traditional assays. The submicrometer resolution of the imaging technique allows us to examine the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, including kinase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, and topoisomerase II inhibitors, on both the cell growth rate and morphology. The capability of quantifying 3D cell growth rates provides insight into a deeper understanding of the cell-drug interaction in the actual tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Xi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Ruibing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Kailun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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5
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Miller ADC, Chowdhury SP, Hanson HW, Linderman SK, Ghasemi HI, Miller WD, Morrissey MA, Richardson CD, Gardner BM, Mukherjee A. Engineering water exchange is a safe and effective method for magnetic resonance imaging in diverse cell types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566095. [PMID: 37986852 PMCID: PMC10659288 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (Aqp1), a water channel, has garnered significant interest for cell-based medicine and in vivo synthetic biology due to its ability to be genetically encoded to produce magnetic resonance signals by increasing the rate of water diffusion in cells. However, concerns regarding the effects of Aqp1 overexpression and increased membrane diffusivity on cell physiology have limited its widespread use as a deep-tissue reporter. In this study, we present evidence that Aqp1 generates strong diffusion-based magnetic resonance signals without adversely affecting cell viability or morphology in diverse cell lines derived from mice and humans. Our findings indicate that Aqp1 overexpression does not induce ER stress, which is frequently associated with heterologous expression of membrane proteins. Furthermore, we observed that Aqp1 expression had no detrimental effects on native biological activities, such as phagocytosis, immune response, insulin secretion, and tumor cell migration in the analyzed cell lines. These findings should serve to alleviate any lingering safety concerns regarding the utilization of Aqp1 as a genetic reporter and should foster its broader application as a noninvasive reporter for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin D C Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Soham P Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hadley W Hanson
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sarah K Linderman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Hannah I Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Wyatt D Miller
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Meghan A Morrissey
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Chris D Richardson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Brooke M Gardner
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Graduate Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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6
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Yoneda N, Matoba O, Saita Y, Nomura T. Quantitative phase imaging based on motionless optical scanning holography. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5273-5276. [PMID: 37831845 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical scanning holography (OSH) can be applied to 3D fluorescent imaging. However, the optical setup for OSH is complicated due to the requirement of a phase shifter, a 2D mechanical scanner, and an interferometer. Although motionless optical scanning holography (MOSH) can overcome the problem, quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has not yet been realized because MOSH can only obtain incoherent holograms. If QPI in MOSH is realized, MOSH can be applied to various applications. In this Letter, MOSH-based QPI (MOSH-QPI) is proposed. In addition, a simple description of a coherent mode of OSH is presented. In the proof-of-principle experiment, the spatially divided phase-shifting technique is applied to reduce the number of measurements. The feasibility of MOSH-QPI is confirmed by measuring a phase distribution of a microlens array. MOSH-QPI is also applied to measure practical samples, and its results are compared with the experimental results of the conventional one using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
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7
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Brault D, Olivier T, Faure N, Dixneuf S, Kolytcheff C, Charmette E, Soulez F, Fournier C. Multispectral in-line hologram reconstruction with aberration compensation applied to Gram-stained bacteria microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14437. [PMID: 37660181 PMCID: PMC10475072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In multispectral digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM), aberrations of the optical system affect the repeatability of the reconstruction of transmittance, phase and morphology of the objects of interest. Here we address this issue first by model fitting calibration using transparent beads inserted in the sample. This step estimates the aberrations of the optical system as a function of the lateral position in the field of view and at each wavelength. Second, we use a regularized inverse problem approach (IPA) to reconstruct the transmittance and phase of objects of interest. Our method accounts for shift-variant chromatic and geometrical aberrations in the forward model. The multi-wavelength holograms are jointly reconstructed by favouring the colocalization of the object edges. The method is applied to the case of bacteria imaging in Gram-stained blood smears. It shows our methodology evaluates aberrations with good repeatability. This improves the repeatability of the reconstructions and delivers more contrasted spectral signatures in transmittance and phase, which could benefit applications of microscopy, such as the analysis and classification of stained bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Brault
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Olivier
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Faure
- bioMérieux, Centre Christophe Mérieux, 38024, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Dixneuf
- BIOASTER, Bioassays, Microsystems and Optical Engineering Unit, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Ferréol Soulez
- Univ. de Lyon, Université Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, UMR 5574, 69230, Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - Corinne Fournier
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
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8
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Bénéfice M, Gorlas A, Marthy B, Da Cunha V, Forterre P, Sentenac A, Chaumet PC, Baffou G. Dry mass photometry of single bacteria using quantitative wavefront microscopy. Biophys J 2023; 122:3159-3172. [PMID: 37393431 PMCID: PMC10432216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) represents a noninvasive alternative to fluorescence microscopy for cell observation with high contrast and for the quantitative measurement of dry mass (DM) and growth rate at the single-cell level. While DM measurements using QPM have been widely conducted on mammalian cells, bacteria have been less investigated, presumably due to the high resolution and high sensitivity required by their smaller size. This article demonstrates the use of cross-grating wavefront microscopy, a high-resolution and high-sensitivity QPM, for accurate DM measurement and monitoring of single microorganisms (bacteria and archaea). The article covers strategies for overcoming light diffraction and sample focusing, and introduces the concepts of normalized optical volume and optical polarizability (OP) to gain additional information beyond DM. The algorithms for DM, optical volume, and OP measurements are illustrated through two case studies: monitoring DM evolution in a microscale colony-forming unit as a function of temperature, and using OP as a potential species-specific signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Bénéfice
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Gorlas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Baptiste Marthy
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Violette Da Cunha
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anne Sentenac
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick C Chaumet
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France.
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9
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Mitchell SJ, Pardo-Pastor C, Zangle TA, Rosenblatt J. Voltage-dependent volume regulation controls epithelial cell extrusion and morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532421. [PMID: 36993671 PMCID: PMC10054995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells work collectively to provide a protective barrier, yet also turn over rapidly by cell death and division. If the number of dying cells does not match those dividing, the barrier would vanish, or tumors can form. Mechanical forces and the stretch-activated ion channel (SAC) Piezo1 link both processes; stretch promotes cell division and crowding triggers cell death by initiating live cell extrusion1,2. However, it was not clear how particular cells within a crowded region are selected for extrusion. Here, we show that individual cells transiently shrink via water loss before they extrude. Artificially inducing cell shrinkage by increasing extracellular osmolarity is sufficient to induce cell extrusion. Pre-extrusion cell shrinkage requires the voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 and the chloride channel SWELL1, upstream of Piezo1. Activation of these voltage-gated channels requires the mechano-sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channel, ENaC, acting as the earliest crowd-sensing step. Imaging with a voltage dye indicated that epithelial cells lose membrane potential as they become crowded and smaller, yet those selected for extrusion are markedly more depolarized than their neighbours. Loss of any of these channels in crowded conditions causes epithelial buckling, highlighting an important role for voltage and water regulation in controlling epithelial shape as well as extrusion. Thus, ENaC causes cells with similar membrane potentials to slowly shrink with compression but those with reduced membrane potentials to be eliminated by extrusion, suggesting a chief driver of cell death stems from insufficient energy to maintain cell membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranne J Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, & School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, & School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, & School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Rusak A, Buzalewicz I, Mrozowska M, Wiatrak B, Haczkiewicz-Leśniak K, Olbromski M, Kmiecik A, Krzyżak E, Pietrowska A, Moskal J, Podhorska-Okołów M, Podbielska H, Dzięgiel P. Multimodal study of CHI3L1 inhibition and its effect on angiogenesis, migration, immune response and refractive index of cellular structures in glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114520. [PMID: 36921538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive tumours with a poor response to treatment and a poor prognosis for patients. One of the proteins expressed in glioblastoma tissue is CHI3L1 (YKL-40), which is upregulated and known for its angiogenesis-supporting and pro-tumour immunomodulatory effects in a variety of cancers. In this paper we present the anti-angiogenic, anti-migratory and immunomodulatory effects of the compound G721-0282, an inhibitor of CHI3L1. The inhibitor-induced changes were investigated using conventional techniques as well as the novel label-free digital holographic tomography (DHT), a quantitative phase imaging technique that allows the reconstruction of the refractive index (RI), which is used as an image contrast for 3D visualisation of living cells. DHT allowed digital staining of individual cells and intercellular structures based only on their specific RI. Quantitative spatially resolved analysis of the RI data shows that the concentration of G721-0282 leads to significant changes in the density of cells and their intracellular structures (in particular the cytoplasm and nucleus), in the volume of lipid droplets and in protein concentrations. Studies in the U-87 MG glioblastoma cell line, THP-1 monocytes differentiated into macrophages, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and in the spheroid model of glioblastoma composed of U-87 MG, HMEC-1 and macrophages suggest that inhibition of CHI3L1 may have potential in the antitumour treatment of glioblastoma. In this paper, we also propose a spheroid model for in vitro studies that mimics this type of tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rusak
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Igor Buzalewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2 Street, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Haczkiewicz-Leśniak
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Kmiecik
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A St., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Pietrowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Moskal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, S. Przybyszewskiego 49 St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Halina Podbielska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze S. Wyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chalubinskiego 6a St., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education, I. Paderewskiego 35 Al., 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland.
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11
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Durdevic L, Relaño Ginés A, Roueff A, Blivet G, Baffou G. Biomass measurements of single neurites in vitro using optical wavefront microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6550-6560. [PMID: 36589583 PMCID: PMC9774852 DOI: 10.1364/boe.471284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopies (QPMs) enable label-free, non-invasive observation of living cells in culture, for arbitrarily long periods of time. One of the main benefits of QPMs compared with fluorescence microscopy is the possibility to measure the dry mass of individual cells or organelles. While QPM dry mass measurements on neural cells have been reported this last decade, dry mass measurements on their neurites has been very little addressed. Because neurites are tenuous objects, they are difficult to precisely characterize and segment using most QPMs. In this article, we use cross-grating wavefront microscopy (CGM), a high-resolution wavefront imaging technique, to measure the dry mass of individual neurites of primary neurons in vitro. CGM is based on the simple association of a cross-grating positioned in front of a camera, and can detect wavefront distortions smaller than a hydrogen atom (∼0.1 nm). In this article, an algorithm for dry-mass measurement of neurites from CGM images is detailed and provided. With objects as small as neurites, we highlight the importance of dealing with the diffraction rings for proper image segmentation and accurate biomass measurements. The high precision of the measurements we obtain using CGM and this semi-manual algorithm enabled us to detect periodic oscillations of neurites never observed before, demonstrating the sufficient degree of accuracy of CGM to capture the cell dynamics at the single neurite level, with a typical precision of 2%, i.e., 0.08 pg in most cases, down to a few fg for the smallest objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Durdevic
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
- REGEnLIFE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Antoine Roueff
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
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12
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Quantitative Phase Imaging Detecting the Hypoxia-Induced Patterns in Healthy and Neoplastic Human Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223599. [PMID: 36429026 PMCID: PMC9688862 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a frequent phenomenon during carcinogenesis and may lead to functional and structural changes in proliferating cancer cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasms in which hypoxia is associated with progression. The aim of this study was to assess the optical parameters and microanatomy of CRC and the normal intestinal epithelium cells using the digital holotomography (DHT) method. The examination was conducted on cancer (HT-29, LoVo) and normal colonic cells (CCD-18Co) cultured in normoxic and hypoxic environments. The assessment included optical parameters such as the refractive index (RI) and dry mass as well as the morphological features. Hypoxia decreased the RI in all cells as well as in their cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleoli. The opposite tendency was noted for spheroid-vesicular structures, where the RI was higher for the hypoxic state. The total volume of hypoxic CCD-18Co and LoVo cells was decreased, while an increase in this parameter was observed for HT-29 cells. Hypoxia increased the radius and cell volume, including the dry mass of the vesicular content. The changes in the optics and morphology of hypoxic cells may suggest the possibility of using DHT in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
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13
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Molinaro C, Bénéfice M, Gorlas A, Da Cunha V, Robert HML, Catchpole R, Gallais L, Forterre P, Baffou G. Life at high temperature observed in vitro upon laser heating of gold nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5342. [PMID: 36097020 PMCID: PMC9468142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophiles are microorganisms that thrive at high temperature. Studying them can provide valuable information on how life has adapted to extreme conditions. However, high temperature conditions are difficult to achieve on conventional optical microscopes. Some home-made solutions have been proposed, all based on local resistive electric heating, but no simple commercial solution exists. In this article, we introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the field of view of a microscope to achieve high temperature for the study of thermophiles, while maintaining the user environment in soft conditions. Microscale heating with moderate laser intensities is achieved using a substrate covered with gold nanoparticles, as biocompatible, efficient light absorbers. The influences of possible microscale fluid convection, cell confinement and centrifugal thermophoretic motion are discussed. The method is demonstrated with two species: (i) Geobacillus stearothermophilus, a motile thermophilic bacterium thriving around 65 °C, which we observed to germinate, grow and swim upon microscale heating and (ii) Sulfolobus shibatae, a hyperthermophilic archaeon living at the optimal temperature of 80 °C. This work opens the path toward simple and safe observation of thermophilic microorganisms using current and accessible microscopy tools. Studying microorganisms at high temperatures is challenging on conventional optical microscopes. Here, the authors introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the full field of view by using gold nanoparticles as light absorbers, and study thermophile species up to 80 °C.
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14
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Nguyen TL, Pradeep S, Judson-Torres RL, Reed J, Teitell MA, Zangle TA. Quantitative Phase Imaging: Recent Advances and Expanding Potential in Biomedicine. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11516-11544. [PMID: 35916417 PMCID: PMC10112851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free, wide-field microscopy approach with significant opportunities for biomedical applications. QPI uses the natural phase shift of light as it passes through a transparent object, such as a mammalian cell, to quantify biomass distribution and spatial and temporal changes in biomass. Reported in cell studies more than 60 years ago, ongoing advances in QPI hardware and software are leading to numerous applications in biology, with a dramatic expansion in utility over the past two decades. Today, investigations of cell size, morphology, behavior, cellular viscoelasticity, drug efficacy, biomass accumulation and turnover, and transport mechanics are supporting studies of development, physiology, neural activity, cancer, and additional physiological processes and diseases. Here, we review the field of QPI in biology starting with underlying principles, followed by a discussion of technical approaches currently available or being developed, and end with an examination of the breadth of applications in use or under development. We comment on strengths and shortcomings for the deployment of QPI in key biomedical contexts and conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining QPI with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of QPI even further.
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15
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Sun J, Wu J, Wu S, Goswami R, Girardo S, Cao L, Guck J, Koukourakis N, Czarske JW. Quantitative phase imaging through an ultra-thin lensless fiber endoscope. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:204. [PMID: 35790748 PMCID: PMC9255502 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free technique providing both morphology and quantitative biophysical information in biomedicine. However, applying such a powerful technique to in vivo pathological diagnosis remains challenging. Multi-core fiber bundles (MCFs) enable ultra-thin probes for in vivo imaging, but current MCF imaging techniques are limited to amplitude imaging modalities. We demonstrate a computational lensless microendoscope that uses an ultra-thin bare MCF to perform quantitative phase imaging with microscale lateral resolution and nanoscale axial sensitivity of the optical path length. The incident complex light field at the measurement side is precisely reconstructed from the far-field speckle pattern at the detection side, enabling digital refocusing in a multi-layer sample without any mechanical movement. The accuracy of the quantitative phase reconstruction is validated by imaging the phase target and hydrogel beads through the MCF. With the proposed imaging modality, three-dimensional imaging of human cancer cells is achieved through the ultra-thin fiber endoscope, promising widespread clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jiachen Wu
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruchi Goswami
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liangcai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Juergen W Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Smaluch K, Wollenhaupt B, Steinhoff H, Kohlheyer D, Grünberger A, Dusny C. Assessing the growth kinetics and stoichiometry of Escherichia coli at the single-cell level. Eng Life Sci 2022; 23:e2100157. [PMID: 36619887 PMCID: PMC9815083 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic cultivation and single-cell analysis are inherent parts of modern microbial biotechnology and microbiology. However, implementing biochemical engineering principles based on the kinetics and stoichiometry of growth in microscopic spaces remained unattained. We here present a novel integrated framework that utilizes distinct microfluidic cultivation technologies and single-cell analytics to make the fundamental math of process-oriented biochemical engineering applicable at the single-cell level. A combination of non-invasive optical cell mass determination with sub-pg sensitivity, microfluidic perfusion cultivations for establishing physiological steady-states, and picoliter batch reactors, enabled the quantification of all physiological parameters relevant to approximate a material balance in microfluidic reaction environments. We determined state variables (biomass concentration based on single-cell dry weight and mass density), biomass synthesis rates, and substrate affinities of cells grown in microfluidic environments. Based on this data, we mathematically derived the specific kinetics of substrate uptake and growth stoichiometry in glucose-grown Escherichia coli with single-cell resolution. This framework may initiate microscale material balancing beyond the averaged values obtained from populations as a basis for integrating heterogeneous kinetic and stoichiometric single-cell data into generalized bioprocess models and descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Smaluch
- Department of Solar Materials – Microscale Analysis and EngineeringHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ LeipzigLeizpigGermany
| | - Bastian Wollenhaupt
- Microscale BioengineeringIBG‐1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Heiko Steinhoff
- Multiscale BioengineeringFaculty of TechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Dietrich Kohlheyer
- Microscale BioengineeringIBG‐1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale BioengineeringFaculty of TechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Christian Dusny
- Department of Solar Materials – Microscale Analysis and EngineeringHelmholtz‐Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ LeipzigLeizpigGermany
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17
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Kulkarni PP, Bao Y, Gaylord TK. Annular illumination in 2D quantitative phase imaging: a systematic evaluation. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3409-3418. [PMID: 35471437 DOI: 10.1364/ao.452325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an invaluable microscopic technology for definitively imaging phase objects such as biological cells and optical fibers. Traditionally, the condenser lens in QPI produces disk illumination of the object. However, it has been realized by numerous investigators that annular illumination can produce higher-resolution images. Although this performance improvement is impressive and well documented, the evidence presented has invariably been qualitative in nature. Recently, a theoretical basis for annular illumination was presented by Bao et al. [Appl. Opt.58, 137 (2019)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.58.000137]. In our current work, systematic experimental QPI measurements are made with a reference phase mask to rigorously document the performance of annular illumination. In both theory and experiment, three spatial-frequency regions are identified: low, mid, and high. The low spatial-frequency region response is very similar for disk and annular illumination, both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, the high spatial-frequency region response is predicted to be much better for the annular illumination compared to the disk illumination--and is experimentally confirmed. In addition, the mid-spatial-frequency region response is theoretically predicted to be less for annular illumination than for disk illumination. This theoretical degradation of the mid-spatial-frequency region is only slightly experimentally observed. This bonus, although not well understood, further elevates the performance of annular illumination over disk illumination.
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18
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Venkova L, Vishen AS, Lembo S, Srivastava N, Duchamp B, Ruppel A, Williart A, Vassilopoulos S, Deslys A, Garcia Arcos JM, Diz-Muñoz A, Balland M, Joanny JF, Cuvelier D, Sens P, Piel M. A mechano-osmotic feedback couples cell volume to the rate of cell deformation. eLife 2022; 11:72381. [PMID: 35416768 PMCID: PMC9090331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanics has been a central focus of physical biology in the past decade. In comparison, how cells manage their size is less understood. Here we show that a parameter central to both the physics and the physiology of the cell, its volume, depends on a mechano-osmotic coupling. We found that cells change their volume depending on the rate at which they change shape, when they spontaneously spread are externally deformed. Cells undergo slow deformation at constant volume, while fast deformation leads to volume loss. We propose a mechano-sensitive pump and leak model to explain this phenomenon. Our model and experiments suggest that volume modulation depends on the state of the actin cortex and the coupling of ion fluxes to membrane tension. This mechano-osmotic coupling defines a membrane tension homeostasis module constantly at work in cells, causing volume fluctuations associated with fast cell shape changes, with potential consequences on cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Venkova
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Amit Singh Vishen
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Lembo
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nishit Srivastava
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Duchamp
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Artur Ruppel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Grenoble, France
| | - Alice Williart
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Deslys
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | | | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Damien Cuvelier
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- PSL Research University, Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France
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19
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Gemble S, Wardenaar R, Keuper K, Srivastava N, Nano M, Macé AS, Tijhuis AE, Bernhard SV, Spierings DCJ, Simon A, Goundiam O, Hochegger H, Piel M, Foijer F, Storchová Z, Basto R. Genetic instability from a single S phase after whole-genome duplication. Nature 2022; 604:146-151. [PMID: 35355016 PMCID: PMC8986533 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diploid and stable karyotypes are associated with health and fitness in animals. By contrast, whole-genome duplications—doublings of the entire complement of chromosomes—are linked to genetic instability and frequently found in human cancers1–3. It has been established that whole-genome duplications fuel chromosome instability through abnormal mitosis4–8; however, the immediate consequences of tetraploidy in the first interphase are not known. This is a key question because single whole-genome duplication events such as cytokinesis failure can promote tumorigenesis9 and DNA double-strand breaks10. Here we find that human cells undergo high rates of DNA damage during DNA replication in the first S phase following induction of tetraploidy. Using DNA combing and single-cell sequencing, we show that DNA replication dynamics is perturbed, generating under- and over-replicated regions. Mechanistically, we find that these defects result from a shortage of proteins during the G1/S transition, which impairs the fidelity of DNA replication. This work shows that within a single interphase, unscheduled tetraploid cells can acquire highly abnormal karyotypes. These findings provide an explanation for the genetic instability landscape that favours tumorigenesis after tetraploidization. Extensive DNA damage occurs during the first interphase following induction of tetraploidy in human cells, largely as a result of the lower amount of protein relative to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France.
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Keuper
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nishit Srivastava
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Systems Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division, Paris, France
| | - Maddalena Nano
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Andréa E Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Simon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Oumou Goundiam
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Systems Biology of Cell Polarity and Cell Division, Paris, France
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Storchová
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Renata Basto
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Laboratory, Paris, France.
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20
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Ramadier S, Chalumeau A, Felix T, Othman N, Aknoun S, Casini A, Maule G, Masson C, De Cian A, Frati G, Brusson M, Concordet JP, Cavazzana M, Cereseto A, El Nemer W, Amendola M, Wattellier B, Meneghini V, Miccio A. Combination of lentiviral and genome editing technologies for the treatment of sickle cell disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:145-163. [PMID: 34418541 PMCID: PMC8753569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene leading to polymerization of the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and deformation of red blood cells. Autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) genetically modified using lentiviral vectors (LVs) to express an anti-sickling β-globin leads to some clinical benefit in SCD patients, but it requires high-level transgene expression (i.e., high vector copy number [VCN]) to counteract HbS polymerization. Here, we developed therapeutic approaches combining LV-based gene addition and CRISPR-Cas9 strategies aimed to either knock down the sickle β-globin and increase the incorporation of an anti-sickling globin (AS3) in hemoglobin tetramers, or to induce the expression of anti-sickling fetal γ-globins. HSPCs from SCD patients were transduced with LVs expressing AS3 and a guide RNA either targeting the endogenous β-globin gene or regions involved in fetal hemoglobin silencing. Transfection of transduced cells with Cas9 protein resulted in high editing efficiency, elevated levels of anti-sickling hemoglobins, and rescue of the SCD phenotype at a significantly lower VCN compared to the conventional LV-based approach. This versatile platform can improve the efficacy of current gene addition approaches by combining different therapeutic strategies, thus reducing the vector amount required to achieve a therapeutic VCN and the associated genotoxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ramadier
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | - Anne Chalumeau
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Felix
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Othman
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | - Sherazade Aknoun
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | | | - Giulia Maule
- CIBIO, University of Trento, 38100 Trento, Italy
| | - Cecile Masson
- Paris-Descartes Bioinformatics Platform, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne De Cian
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Megane Brusson
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marina Cavazzana
- Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France; Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France; Biotherapy Department and Clinical Investigation Center, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Wassim El Nemer
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA-Corse, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, EFS, CNRS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins," 13000 Marseille, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - Benoit Wattellier
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 St. Aubin, France
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Annarita Miccio
- Laboratory of Chromatin and Gene Regulation during Development, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.
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Pognonec P, Gustovic A, Djabari Z, Pourcher T, Barlaud M. Mitotic Index Determination on Live Cells From Label-Free Acquired Quantitative Phase Images Using a Supervised Autoencoder. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:2828-2834. [PMID: 34582352 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This interdisciplinary work focuses on the interest of a new auto-encoder for supervised classification of live cell populations growing in a thermostated imaging station and acquired by a Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) camera. This type of camera produces interferograms that have to be processed to extract features derived from quantitative linear retardance and birefringence measurements. QPI is performed on living populations without any manipulation or treatment of the cells. We use the efficient new autoencoder classification method instead of the classical Douglas-Rachford method. Using this new supervised autoencoder, we show that the accuracy of the classification of the cells present in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle is very high using QPI features. This is a very important finding since we demonstrate that it is now possible to very precisely follow cell growth in a non-invasive manner, without any bias. No dye or any kind of markers are necessary for this live monitoring. Any studies requiring analysis of cell growth or cellular response to any treatment could benefit from this new approach by simply monitoring the proportion of cells entering mitosis in the studied cell population.
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22
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Zadka Ł, Buzalewicz I, Ulatowska-Jarża A, Rusak A, Kochel M, Ceremuga I, Dzięgiel P. Label-Free Quantitative Phase Imaging Reveals Spatial Heterogeneity of Extracellular Vesicles in Select Colon Disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2147-2171. [PMID: 34428422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging and quantitative analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) remain largely unexplored, mainly because of limitations in detection techniques. In this study, EVs from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis were examined. To investigate the spatial heterogeneity and 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of single EVs, a label-free digital holographic tomography technique was used at a submicrometer spatial resolution. The presented image-processing algorithms were used in quantitative analysis with digital staining and 3D visualization, the determination of the EV size distribution and extraction of fractions with different RIs. Reconstructed 3D RI distributions revealed variations in the spatial heterogeneity of EVs related to tissue specificity, such as CRC, normal colonic mucosa, and ulcerative colitis, as well as the isolation procedures used. The RI values of EVs isolated from solid tissues of frozen CRC samples were also dependent on the tumor grade and cancer cell proliferation. The simultaneous examination of cell culture models confirmed the association of the RI of EVs with the tumor grade. 3D-RI data analysis generates new perspectives with the optical, contact-free, label-free examination of the individual EVs. Depending on the specific tissue and isolation method, EVs exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. The optical parameters of single EVs enabled their classification into two unique subgroups with different RI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zadka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Igor Buzalewicz
- Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ulatowska-Jarża
- Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rusak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kochel
- The Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ceremuga
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Chen C, Lu YN, Huang H, Yan K, Jiang Z, He X, Kong Y, Liu C, Liu F, Xue L, Wang S. PhaseRMiC: phase real-time microscope camera for live cell imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5261-5271. [PMID: 34513255 PMCID: PMC8407842 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We design a novel phase real-time microscope camera (PhaseRMiC) for live cell phase imaging. PhaseRMiC has a simple and cost-effective configuration only consisting of a beam splitter and a board-level camera with two CMOS imaging chips. Moreover, integrated with 3-D printed structures, PhaseRMiC has a compact size of 136×91×60 mm3, comparable to many commercial microscope cameras, and can be directly connected to the microscope side port. Additionally, PhaseRMiC can be well adopted in real-time phase imaging proved with satisfied accuracy, good stability and large field of view. Considering its compact and cost-effective device design as well as real-time phase imaging capability, PhaseRMiC is a preferred solution for live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yu-Nan Lu
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huachuan Huang
- School of Manufacture Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Keding Yan
- Advanced Institute of Micro-Nano Intelligent Sensing (AIMNIS), School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, School of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory (Sinmolab), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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24
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Significant difference in response of malignant tumor cells of individual patients to photodynamic treatment as revealed by digital holographic microscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 221:112235. [PMID: 34126589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of in-vitro response of cell cultures derived from tumor material of individual patients with similar tumor localizations to photodynamic treatment is presented. Tumor types included in the research were renal cell carcinoma, melanoma and alveolar, synovial, lypo- and osteo- sarcomas. Long-term observations of treatment-induced morphological changes in cells were performed by means of digital holographic microscopy. A substantial variance in response of cells of individual patients with similar tumor types and localizations to photodynamic treatment with the same dose has been observed. These peculiarities are indicative of the demand to personalized protocols of photodynamic treatment. The elevated resistance of cells of some patients to treatment at high doses highlights potential limitations of photodynamic therapy for some patients. Digital holographic microscopy is shown to be an informative label-free noninvasive tool allowing for long-term monitoring of cell samples in vitro and providing quantitative information on necrosis rate and loss of cellular dry mass. The developed methodology can be generalized for analysis of cellular response to various therapies.
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25
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Rawat S, Wang A. Accurate and practical feature extraction from noisy holograms. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:4639-4646. [PMID: 34143020 DOI: 10.1364/ao.422479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging using holographic microscopy is a powerful and non-invasive imaging method, ideal for studying cells and quantifying their features such as size, thickness, and dry mass. However, biological materials scatter little light, and the resulting low signal-to-noise ratio in holograms complicates any downstream feature extraction and hence applications. More specifically, unwrapping phase maps from noisy holograms often fails or requires extensive computational resources. We present a strategy for overcoming the noise limitation: rather than a traditional phase-unwrapping method, we extract the continuous phase values from holograms by using a phase-generation technique based on conditional generative adversarial networks employing a Pix2Pix architecture. We demonstrate that a network trained on random surfaces can accurately generate phase maps for test objects such as dumbbells, spheres, and biconcave discoids. Furthermore, we show that even a rapidly trained network can generate faithful phase maps when trained on related objects. We are able to accurately extract both morphological and quantitative features from the noisy phase maps of human leukemia (HL-60) cells, where traditional phase unwrapping algorithms fail. We conclude that deep learning can decouple noise from signal, expanding potential applications to real-world systems that may be noisy.
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26
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Aknoun S, Yonnet M, Djabari Z, Graslin F, Taylor M, Pourcher T, Wattellier B, Pognonec P. Quantitative phase microscopy for non-invasive live cell population monitoring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4409. [PMID: 33627679 PMCID: PMC7904828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a label-free development based on preexisting Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) that allows non-invasive live monitoring of both individual cells and cell populations. Growth, death, effect of toxic compounds are quantified under visible light with a standard inverted microscope. We show that considering the global biomass of a cell population is a more robust and accurate method to assess its growth parameters in comparison to compiling individually segmented cells. This is especially true for confluent conditions. This method expands the use of light microscopy in answering biological questions concerning live cell populations even at high density. In contrast to labeling or lysis of cells this method does not alter the cells and could be useful in high-throughput screening and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherazade Aknoun
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, St Aubin, France
| | - Manuel Yonnet
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, St Aubin, France
| | - Zied Djabari
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Fanny Graslin
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Mark Taylor
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Benoit Wattellier
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, St Aubin, France
| | - Philippe Pognonec
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France.
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27
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Yoneda N, Onishi A, Saita Y, Komuro K, Nomura T. Single-shot higher-order transport-of-intensity quantitative phase imaging based on computer-generated holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4783-4801. [PMID: 33726027 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The imaging quality of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) can be improved using a higher-order approximation for defocused intensity distributions. However, this requires mechanically scanning an image sensor or object along the optical axis, which in turn requires a precisely aligned optical setup. To overcome this problem, a computer-generated hologram (CGH) technique is introduced to TIE-based QPI. A CGH generating defocused point spread function is inserted in the Fourier plane of an object. The CGH acts as a lens and grating with various focal lengths and orientations, allowing multiple defocused intensity distributions to be simultaneously detected on an image sensor plane. The results of a numerical simulation and optical experiment demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.
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28
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Fabrication and Bonding of Refractive Index Matched Microfluidics for Precise Measurements of Cell Mass. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040496. [PMID: 33562507 PMCID: PMC7915968 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical properties of polymer materials used for microfluidic device fabrication can impact device performance when used for optical measurements. In particular, conventional polymer materials used for microfluidic devices have a large difference in refractive index relative to aqueous media generally used for biomedical applications. This can create artifacts when used for microscopy-based assays. Fluorination can reduce polymer refractive index, but at the cost of reduced adhesion, creating issues with device bonding. Here, we present a novel fabrication technique for bonding microfluidic devices made of NOA1348, which is a fluorinated, UV-curable polymer with a refractive index similar to that of water, to a glass substrate. This technique is compatible with soft lithography techniques, making this approach readily integrated into existing microfabrication workflows. We also demonstrate that this material is compatible with quantitative phase imaging, which we used to validate the refractive index of the material post-fabrication. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this material with a novel image processing approach to precisely quantify the mass of cells in the microchannel without the use of cell segmentation or tracking. The novel image processing approach combined with this low refractive index material eliminates an important source of error, allowing for high-precision measurements of cell mass with a coefficient of variance of 1%.
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29
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A new ultradian rhythm in mammalian cell dry mass observed by holography. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1290. [PMID: 33446678 PMCID: PMC7809366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have discovered a new 4 h ultradian rhythm that occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle in a wide range of individual mammalian cells, including both primary and transformed cells. The rhythm was detected by holographic lens-free microscopy that follows the histories of the dry mass of thousands of single live cells simultaneously, each at a resolution of five minutes. It was vital that the rhythm was observed in inherently heterogeneous cell populations, thus eliminating synchronization and labeling bias. The rhythm is independent of circadian rhythm, and is temperature-compensated. We show that the amplitude of the fundamental frequency provides a way to quantify the effects of, chemical reagents on cells, thus shedding light on its mechanism. The rhythm is suppressed by proteostasis disruptors and is detected only in proliferating cells, suggesting that it represents a massive degradation and re-synthesis of protein every 4 h in growing cells.
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30
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Kwee E, Peterson A, Halter M, Elliott J. Practical application of microsphere samples for benchmarking a quantitative phase imaging system. Cytometry A 2020; 99:1022-1032. [PMID: 33305901 PMCID: PMC8195315 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) provides an approach for monitoring the dry mass of individual cells by measuring the optical pathlength of visible light as it passes through cells. A distinct advantage of QPI is that the measurements result in optical path length quantities that are, in principle, instrument independent. Reference materials that induce a well‐defined optical pathlength shift and are compatible with QPI imaging systems will be valuable in assuring the accuracy of such measurements on different instruments. In this study, we evaluate seven combinations of microspheres embedded in index refraction matching media as candidate reference materials for benchmarking the performance of a QPI system and as calibration standards for the optical pathlength measurement. Poly(methyl metharylate) microspheres and mineral oil were used to evaluate the range of illumination apertures, signal‐to‐noise ratios, and focus positions that allow an accurate quantitative optical pathlength measurement. The microsphere‐based reference material can be used to verify settings on an instrument that are suitable for obtaining an accurate pathlength measurement from biological cells. The microsphere/media reference material is applied to QPI‐based dry mass measurements of a population of HEK293 cells to benchmark and provide evidence that the QPI image data are accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kwee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Peterson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Halter
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - John Elliott
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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31
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Huang J, Bao Y, Gaylord TK. Three-dimensional phase optical transfer function in axially symmetric microscopic quantitative phase imaging. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2020; 37:1857-1872. [PMID: 33362127 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.403861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging (3D QPI) is widely recognized as a potentially high-impact microscopic modality. Central to determining the resolution capability of 3D QPI is the phase optical transfer function (POTF). The magnitude of the POTF over its spatial frequency coverage (SFC) specifies the intensity of the response for each allowed spatial frequency. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the POTF for an axially symmetric optical configuration is presented. First, a useful geometric interpretation of the SFC, which enables its visualization, is presented. Second, a closed-form 1D integral expression is derived for the POTF in the general nonparaxial case, which enables rapid calculation of the POTF. Third, this formulation is applied to disk, annular, multi-annuli, and Gaussian illuminations as well as to an annular objective. Taken together, these contributions enable the visualization and simplified calculation of the 3D axially symmetric POTF and provide a basis for optimizing QPI in a wide range of applications.
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32
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Liu X, Oh S, Peshkin L, Kirschner MW. Computationally enhanced quantitative phase microscopy reveals autonomous oscillations in mammalian cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27388-27399. [PMID: 33087574 PMCID: PMC7959529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The fine balance of growth and division is a fundamental property of the physiology of cells, and one of the least understood. Its study has been thwarted by difficulties in the accurate measurement of cell size and the even greater challenges of measuring growth of a single cell over time. We address these limitations by demonstrating a computationally enhanced methodology for quantitative phase microscopy for adherent cells, using improved image processing algorithms and automated cell-tracking software. Accuracy has been improved more than twofold and this improvement is sufficient to establish the dynamics of cell growth and adherence to simple growth laws. It is also sufficient to reveal unknown features of cell growth, previously unmeasurable. With these methodological and analytical improvements, in several cell lines we document a remarkable oscillation in growth rate, occurring throughout the cell cycle, coupled to cell division or birth yet independent of cell cycle progression. We expect that further exploration with this advanced tool will provide a better understanding of growth rate regulation in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Seungeun Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Leonid Peshkin
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marc W Kirschner
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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33
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Ayyappan V, Chang A, Zhang C, Paidi SK, Bordett R, Liang T, Barman I, Pandey R. Identification and Staging of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Using Quantitative Phase Imaging and Machine Learning. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3281-3289. [PMID: 33092347 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification and classification of leukemia cells in a rapid and label-free fashion is clinically challenging and thus presents a prime arena for implementing new diagnostic tools. Quantitative phase imaging, which maps optical path length delays introduced by the specimen, has been demonstrated to discern cellular phenotypes based on differential morphological attributes. Rapid acquisition capability and the availability of label-free images with high information content have enabled researchers to use machine learning (ML) to reveal latent features. We developed a set of ML classifiers, including convolutional neural networks, to discern healthy B cells from lymphoblasts and classify stages of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we show that the average dry mass and volume of normal B cells are lower than those of cancerous cells and that these morphologic parameters increase further alongside disease progression. We find that the relaxed training requirements of a ML approach are conducive to the classification of cell type, with minimal space, training time, and memory requirements. Our findings pave the way for a larger study on clinical samples of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with the overarching goal of its broader use in hematopathology, where the prospect of objective diagnoses with minimal sample preparation remains highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Ayyappan
- sDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alex Chang
- sDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Santosh Kumar Paidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Rosalie Bordett
- Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Tiffany Liang
- Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Rishikesh Pandey
- Connecticut Children’s Innovation Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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34
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de Dorlodot B, Bélanger E, Rioux-Pellerin É, Marquet P. Simultaneous measurements of a specimen quantitative-phase signal and its surrounding medium refractive index using quantitative-phase imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5587-5590. [PMID: 33001953 DOI: 10.1364/ol.391641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This Letter demonstrates a method to simultaneously measure the quantitative-phase signal (QPS) of the observed specimen and the refractive index of its surrounding medium (nm) in a time-resolved manner using a micro-structured coverslip. Such coverslips, easily integrated into perfused live-cell imaging chambers, allow to use various quantitative-phase imaging techniques to achieve this dual measurement. Since QPS is crucially dependent on nm, the measurement of the latter paves the way for its manipulation in a controlled manner leading to a QPS contrast modulation for appealing applications, including visualizing the interior of cells.
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35
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Kumar M, Quan X, Awatsuji Y, Tamada Y, Matoba O. Single-shot common-path off-axis dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7144-7152. [PMID: 32902476 DOI: 10.1364/ao.395001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-shot common-path off-axis self-interference dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopic (DHM) system based on a cube beam splitter is demonstrated to expand the phase range in a stepped microstructure and for simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and physical thickness of a specimen. In the system, two laser beams with wavelengths of 532 nm and 632.8 nm are used. These laser beams are combined to transilluminate the object under study, then the object beam is divided into two beams by using a beam splitter oriented in such a way that both the beams propagate in almost the same direction, with an appropriate lateral separation between them. One of the object beams is spatially filtered at its Fourier plane, using a pinhole to generate a reference spherical beam free from the object information. The reference beam interferes with the object beam to form a digital hologram at the faceplate of the image sensor. The phase information is extracted from a single recorded digital hologram using the phase aberration compensation method that is based on principal component analysis (PCA). Owing to the common-path configuration, the system shows high temporal phase stability and it is less vibration-sensitive compared to counterparts such as a Mach-Zehnder type DHM. The performance of the dual-wavelength DHM system is verified in two different application fields by conducting the experiments using microsphere beads and living plant cells.
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36
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37
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Löwe M, Kalacheva M, Boersma AJ, Kedrov A. The more the merrier: effects of macromolecular crowding on the structure and dynamics of biological membranes. FEBS J 2020; 287:5039-5067. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Löwe
- Synthetic Membrane Systems Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Alexej Kedrov
- Synthetic Membrane Systems Institute of Biochemistry Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany
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38
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Llinares J, Cantereau A, Froux L, Becq F. Quantitative phase imaging to study transmembrane water fluxes regulated by CFTR and AQP3 in living human airway epithelial CFBE cells and CHO cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233439. [PMID: 32469934 PMCID: PMC7259668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cells, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-regulated Cl- channel, plays a key role in water and electrolytes secretion. A dysfunctional CFTR leads to the dehydration of the external environment of the cells and to the production of viscous mucus in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we applied the quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI), a quantitative phase imaging technique based on the measurement of the light wave shift when passing through a living sample, to study water transport regulation in human airway epithelial CFBE and CHO cells expressing wild-type, G551D- and F508del-CFTR. We were able to detect phase variations during osmotic challenges and confirmed that cellular volume changes reflecting water fluxes can be detected with QWLSI. Forskolin stimulation activated a phase increase in all CFBE and CHO cell types. This phase variation was due to cellular volume decrease and intracellular refractive index increase and was completely blocked by mercury, suggesting an activation of a cAMP-dependent water efflux mediated by an endogenous aquaporin (AQP). AQP3 mRNAs, not AQP1, AQP4 and AQP5 mRNAs, were detected by RT-PCR in CFBE cells. Readdressing the F508del-CFTR protein to the cell surface with VX-809 increased the detected water efflux in CHO but not in CFBE cells. However, VX-770, a potentiator of CFTR function, failed to further increase the water flux in either G551D-CFTR or VX-809-corrected F508del-CFTR expressing cells. Our results show that QWLSI could be a suitable technique to study water transport in living cells. We identified a CFTR and cAMP-dependent, mercury-sensitive water transport in airway epithelial and CHO cells that might be due to AQP3. This water transport appears to be affected when CFTR is mutated and independent of the chloride channel function of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Llinares
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Cantereau
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lionel Froux
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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39
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Huang D, Roy IJ, Murray GF, Reed J, Zangle TA, Teitell MA. Identifying fates of cancer cells exposed to mitotic inhibitors by quantitative phase imaging. Analyst 2020; 145:97-106. [PMID: 31746831 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle deregulation is a cancer hallmark that has stimulated the development of mitotic inhibitors with differing mechanisms of action. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging approach for determining cancer cell sensitivities to chemotherapies in vitro. Cancer cell fates in response to mitotic inhibitors are agent- and dose-dependent. Fates that lead to chromosomal instabilities may result in a survival advantage and drug resistance. Conventional techniques for quantifying cell fates are incompatible with growth inhibition assays that produce binary live/dead results. Therefore, we used QPI to quantify post-mitotic fates of G0/G1 synchronized HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma and M202 melanoma cells during 24 h of escalating-dose exposures to mitotic inhibitors, including microtubule inhibitors paclitaxel and colchicine, and an Aurora kinase A inhibitor, VX-680. QPI determined cell fates by measuring changes in cell biomass, morphology, and mean phase-shift. Cell fates fell into three groups: (1) bipolar division from drug failure; (2) cell death or sustained mitotic arrest; and (3) aberrant endocycling or multipolar division. In this proof-of-concept study, colchicine was most effective in producing desirable outcomes of sustained mitotic arrest or death throughout its dosing range, whereas both paclitaxel and VX-680 yielded dose-dependent multipolar divisions or endocycling, respectively. Furthermore, rapid completion of mitosis associated with bipolar divisions whereas prolonged mitosis associated with multipolar divisions or cell death. Overall, QPI measurement of drug-induced cancer cell fates provides a tool to inform the development of candidate agents by quantifying the dosing ranges over which suboptimal inhibitor choices lead to undesirable, aberrant cancer cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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40
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Berenson DF, Zatulovskiy E, Xie S, Skotheim JM. Constitutive expression of a fluorescent protein reports the size of live human cells. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2985-2995. [PMID: 31599704 PMCID: PMC6857566 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell size is important for cell physiology because it sets the geometric scale of organelles and biosynthesis. A number of methods exist to measure different aspects of cell size, but each has significant drawbacks. Here, we present an alternative method to measure the size of single human cells using a nuclear localized fluorescent protein expressed from a constitutive promoter. We validate this method by comparing it to several established cell size measurement strategies, including flow cytometry optical scatter, total protein dyes, and quantitative phase microscopy. We directly compare our fluorescent protein measurement with the commonly used measurement of nuclear volume and show that our measurements are more robust and less dependent on image segmentation. We apply our method to examine how cell size impacts the cell division cycle and reaffirm that there is a negative correlation between size at cell birth and G1 duration. Importantly, combining our size reporter with fluorescent labeling of a different protein in a different color channel allows measurement of concentration dynamics using simple wide-field fluorescence imaging. Thus, we expect our method will be of use to researchers interested in how dynamically changing protein concentrations control cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shicong Xie
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jan M. Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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41
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Yang TD, Park K, Park JS, Lee JH, Choi E, Lee J, Choi W, Choi Y, Lee KJ. Two distinct actin waves correlated with turns-and-runs of crawling microglia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220810. [PMID: 31437196 PMCID: PMC6705860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Freely crawling cells are often viewed as randomly moving Brownian particles but they generally exhibit some directional persistence. This property is often related to their zigzag motile behaviors that can be described as a noisy but temporally structured sequence of “runs” and “turns.” However, its underlying biophysical mechanism is largely unexplored. Here, we carefully investigate the collective actin wave dynamics associated with the zigzag-crawling movements of microglia (as primary brain immune cells) employing a number of different quantitative imaging modalities including synthetic aperture microscopy and optical diffraction tomography, as well as conventional fluorescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy. Interestingly, we find that microglia exhibit two distinct types of actin waves working at two quite different time scales and locations, and they seem to serve different purposes. One type of actin waves is fast “peripheral ruffles” arising spontaneously with an oscillating period of about 6 seconds at some portion of the leading edge of crawling microglia, where the vigorously biased peripheral ruffles seem to set the direction of a new turn (in 2-D free space). When the cell turning events are inhibited with a physical confinement (in 1-D track), the peripheral ruffles still exist at the leading edge with no bias but showing phase coherence in the cell crawling direction. The other type is “dorsal actin waves” which also exhibits an oscillatory behavior but with a much longer period of around 2 minutes compared to the fast “peripheral ruffles”. Dorsal actin waves (whether the cell turning events are inhibited or not) initiate in the lamellipodium just behind the leading edge, travelling down toward the core region of the cell and disappear. Such dorsal wave propagations seem to be correlated with migration of the cell. Thus, we may view the dorsal actin waves are connected with the “run” stage of cell body, whereas the fast ruffles at the leading front are involved in the “turn” stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeseok Daniel Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Kwanjun Park
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hoon Lee
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jonghwan Lee
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngwoon Choi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (YC); (KL)
| | - Kyoung J. Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (YC); (KL)
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Abstract
Brillouin spectroscopy and imaging are emerging techniques in analytical science, biophotonics, and biomedicine. They are based on Brillouin light scattering from acoustic waves or phonons in the GHz range, providing a nondestructive contactless probe of the mechanics on a microscale. Novel approaches and applications of these techniques to the field of biomedical sciences are discussed, highlighting the theoretical foundations and experimental methods that have been developed to date. Acknowledging that this is a fast moving field, a comprehensive account of the relevant literature is critically assessed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Palombo
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QL Exeter, U.K.
| | - Daniele Fioretto
- Department
of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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Allier C, Hervé L, Mandula O, Blandin P, Usson Y, Savatier J, Monneret S, Morales S. Quantitative phase imaging of adherent mammalian cells: a comparative study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:2768-2783. [PMID: 31259050 PMCID: PMC6583341 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Quantitative phase imaging methods have several advantages when it comes to monitoring cultures of adherent mammalian cells. Because of low photo-toxicity and no need for staining, we can follow cells in a minimally invasive way over a long period of time. The ability to measure the optical path difference in a quantitative manner allows the measurement of the cell dry mass, an important metric for studying the growth kinetics of mammalian cells. Here we present and compare cell measurements obtained with three different techniques: digital holographic microscopy, lens-free microscopy and quadriwave lateral sheering interferometry. We report a linear relationship between optical volume density values measured with these different techniques and estimate the precisions of this measurement for the different individual instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Allier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS-LSIV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Hervé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS-LSIV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - O. Mandula
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS-LSIV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P. Blandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS-LSIV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Y. Usson
- TIMC-IMAG, Uni. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5525, France
| | - J. Savatier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille,
France
| | - S. Monneret
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille,
France
| | - S. Morales
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS-LSIV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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44
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de Kernier I, Ali-Cherif A, Rongeat N, Cioni O, Morales S, Savatier J, Monneret S, Blandin P. Large field-of-view phase and fluorescence mesoscope with microscopic resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 30852855 PMCID: PMC6975188 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.036501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phase and fluorescence are complementary contrasts that are commonly used in biology. However, the coupling of these two modalities is traditionally limited to high magnification and complex imaging systems. For statistical studies of biological populations, a large field-of-view is required. We describe a 30 mm2 field-of-view dual-modality mesoscope with a 4-μm resolution. The potential of the system to address biological questions is illustrated on white blood cell numeration in whole blood and multiwavelength imaging of the human osteosarcoma (U2-OS) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaure de Kernier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Cioni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julien Savatier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Serge Monneret
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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45
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Flewellen JL, Zaid IM, Berry RM. A multi-mode digital holographic microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:023705. [PMID: 30831696 DOI: 10.1063/1.5066556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a transmission-mode digital holographic microscope that can switch easily between three different imaging modes: inline, dark field off-axis, and bright field off-axis. Our instrument can be used: to track through time in three dimensions microscopic dielectric objects, such as motile micro-organisms; localize brightly scattering nanoparticles, which cannot be seen under conventional bright field illumination; and recover topographic information and measure the refractive index and dry mass of samples via quantitative phase recovery. Holograms are captured on a digital camera capable of high-speed video recording of up to 2000 frames per second. The inline mode of operation can be easily configurable to a large range of magnifications. We demonstrate the efficacy of the inline mode in tracking motile bacteria in three dimensions in a 160 μm × 160 μm × 100 μm volume at 45× magnification. Through the use of a novel physical mask in a conjugate Fourier plane in the imaging path, we use our microscope for high magnification, dark field off-axis holography, demonstrated by localizing 100 nm gold nanoparticles at 225× magnification up to at least 16 μm from the imaging plane. Finally, the bright field off-axis mode facilitates quantitative phase microscopy, which we employ to measure the refractive index of a standard resolution test target and to measure the dry mass of human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Flewellen
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Irwin M Zaid
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Berry
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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46
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Loewke NO, Pai S, Cordeiro C, Black D, King BL, Contag CH, Chen B, Baer TM, Solgaard O. Automated Cell Segmentation for Quantitative Phase Microscopy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:929-940. [PMID: 29610072 PMCID: PMC5907807 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2775604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Automated cell segmentation and tracking is essential for dynamic studies of cellular morphology, movement, and interactions as well as other cellular behaviors. However, accurate, automated, and easy-to-use cell segmentation remains a challenge, especially in cases of high cell densities, where discrete boundaries are not easily discernable. Here, we present a fully automated segmentation algorithm that iteratively segments cells based on the observed distribution of optical cell volumes measured by quantitative phase microscopy. By fitting these distributions to known probability density functions, we are able to converge on volumetric thresholds that enable valid segmentation cuts. Since each threshold is determined from the observed data itself, virtually no input is needed from the user. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach over time using six cell types that display a range of morphologies, and evaluate these cultures over a range of confluencies. Facile dynamic measures of cell mobility and function revealed unique cellular behaviors that relate to tissue origins, state of differentiation, and real-time signaling. These will improve our understanding of multicellular communication and organization.
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47
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Allier C, Vincent R, Navarro F, Menneteau M, Ghenim L, Gidrol X, Bordy T, Hervé L, Cioni O, Bardin S, Bornens M, Usson Y, Morales S. Lens-free Video Microscopy for the Dynamic and Quantitative Analysis of Adherent Cell Culture. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553497 DOI: 10.3791/56580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that lens-free video microscopy enables us to simultaneously capture the kinetics of thousands of cells directly inside the incubator and that it is possible to monitor and quantify single cells along several cell cycles. We describe the full protocol used to monitor and quantify a HeLa cell culture for 2.7 days. First, cell culture acquisition is performed with a lens-free video microscope, and then the data is analyzed following a four-step process: multi-wavelength holographic reconstruction, cell-tracking, cell segmentation and cell division detection algorithms. As a result, we show that it is possible to gather a dataset featuring more than 10,000 cell cycle tracks and more than 2 x 106 cell morphological measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lamya Ghenim
- CEA, INSERM, BIG, Université Grenoble Alpes; CNRS, FR CNRS 3425
| | | | - Thomas Bordy
- CEA, LETI, DTBS, LISA, Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Lionel Hervé
- CEA, LETI, DTBS, LISA, Université Grenoble Alpes
| | | | - Sabine Bardin
- CNRS, UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, PSL Research University, Institut Curie
| | - Michel Bornens
- CNRS, UMR 144, Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Transport, PSL Research University, Institut Curie
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48
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Leslie KA, Rasheed M, Sabo RT, Roberts CC, Toor AA, Reed J. Reconstituting donor T cells increase their biomass following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Analyst 2018; 143:2479-2485. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we used a rapid, highly-sensitive, single-cell biomass measurement method, Live Cell Interferometry (LCI), to measure biomass in populations of CD3 + T cells isolated from hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) patients at various times pre- and post-transplant (days 0–100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Leslie
- Department of Physics
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Mahmood Rasheed
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Roy T. Sabo
- Department of Biostatistics
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
| | - Catherine C. Roberts
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Amir A. Toor
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Department of Biostatistics
| | - Jason Reed
- Department of Physics
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Richmond
- USA
- Massey Cancer Center
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49
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Label-free characterization of ultra violet-radiation-induced changes in skin fibroblasts with Raman spectroscopy and quantitative phase microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10829. [PMID: 28883655 PMCID: PMC5589874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing morbidities and mortalities associated with skin cancers requires sustained research with the goal of obtaining fresh insights into disease onset and progression under specific stimuli, particularly the influence of ultraviolet rays. In the present study, label-free profiling of skin fibroblasts exposed to time-bound ultra-violet radiation has been performed using quantitative phase imaging and Raman spectroscopy. Statistically significant differences in quantifiable biophysical parameters, such as matter density and cell dry mass, were observed with phase imaging. Accurate estimation of changes in the biochemical constituents, notably nucleic acids and proteins, was demonstrated through a combination of Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis of spectral patterns. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrate the promise of these non-perturbative optical modalities in accurately identifying cellular phenotypes and responses to external stimuli by combining molecular and biophysical information.
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50
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Jin D, Sung Y, Lue N, Kim YH, So PTC, Yaqoob Z. Large population cell characterization using quantitative phase cytometer. Cytometry A 2017; 91:450-459. [PMID: 28444998 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in cellular analysis is the phenotypic characterization of large cell populations within a short period of time. Among various parameters for cell characterization, the cell dry mass is often used to describe cell size but is difficult to be measured directly with traditional techniques. Here, we propose an interferometric approach based on line-focused beam illumination for high-content precision dry mass measurements of adherent cells in a non-invasive fashion-we call it quantitative phase cytometry (QPC). Besides dry mass, abundant cellular morphological features such as projected area, sphericity, and phase skewness can be readily extracted from the QPC interferometric data. To validate the utility of our technique, we demonstrate characterizing a large population of ∼104 HeLa cells. Our reported QPC system is envisioned as a promising quantitative tool for label-free characterization of a large cell count at single cell resolution. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jin
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Yongjin Sung
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139.,College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201
| | - Niyom Lue
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Yang-Hyo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Peter T C So
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Zahid Yaqoob
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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