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Hypothermia Prevents Cardiac Dysfunction during Acute Ischemia Reperfusion by Maintaining Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and by Promoting Hexokinase II Binding to Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4476448. [PMID: 35873800 PMCID: PMC9301761 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4476448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypothermia (H), cardioplegia (CP), and both combined (HCP) are known to be protective against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Mitochondria have molecular signaling mechanisms that are associated with both cell survival and cell death. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes in proapoptotic and prosurvival signaling pathways mediating H, CP, or HCP-induced protection of mitochondrial function after acute myocardial IR injury. Methods Rats were divided into five groups. Each group consists of 3 subgroups based on a specific reperfusion time (5, 20, or 60 min) after a 25-min global ischemia. The time control (TC) groups were not subjected to IR but were perfused with 37 °C Krebs-Ringer's (KR) buffer, containing 4.5 mM K+, in a specific perfusion protocol that corresponded with the duration of each IR protocol. The IR group (control) was perfused for 20 min with KR, followed by 25-min global ischemia, and then KR reperfusion for 5, 20, or 60 min. The treatment groups were exposed to 17 °C H, 37 °C CP (16 mM K+), or HCP (17 °C + CP) for 5 min before ischemia and for 2 min on reperfusion before switching to 37 °C KR perfusion for the remainder of each of the reperfusion times. Cardiac function and mitochondrial redox state (NADH/FAD) were monitored online in the ex vivo hearts before, during, and after ischemia. Mitochondria were isolated at the end of each specified reperfusion time, and changes in O2 consumption, membrane potential (ΔΨm), and Ca2+ retention capacity (CRC) were assessed using complex I and complex II substrates. In another set of hearts, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were isolated after a specified reperfusion time to conduct western blot assays to determine hexokinase II (HKII) and Bax binding/translocation to mitochondria, cytosolic pAkt levels, and cytochrome c (Cyto-c) release into the cytosol. Results H and HCP were more protective of mitochondrial integrity and, concomitantly, cardiac function than CP alone; H and HCP improved post-ischemic cardiac function by (1) maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics, (2) maintaining HKII binding to mitochondria with an increase in pAkt levels, (3) increasing CRC, and (4) decreasing Cyto-c release during reperfusion. Bax translocation/binding to mitochondria was unaffected by any treatment, regardless of cardiac functional recovery. Conclusions Hypothermia preserved mitochondrial function and cardiac function, in part, by maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics, by retaining HKII binding to mitochondria via upstream pAkt, and by reducing Cyto-c release independently of Bax binding to mitochondria.
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Liu J, Liu H, Li J. Effects of stem cell-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via PI3K/AKT pathway-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:731-740. [PMID: 34549680 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1976794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exos) on learning, memory, and neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to determine whether SC-Exos exert their effects via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway-mediated mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty rats were randomly allocated to control, model, SC-Exos, and PI3K inhibitor groups. A model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was established using the improved Longa method. Expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were compared in the brains and serum of each group. The expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, cytochrome C (CytC), PI3K, and AKT-related genes and proteins were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The SC-Exos-group exhibited more novel entries, less latency for the novel arm, and fewer entries into the starting arm and other arms than the model group (p<.05). Lower expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-2, and TNF-α and higher expression of IFN-γ were observed in the SC-Exos group than in the model group. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that lower neural cell apoptosis rate and expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-9, CytC, PI3K, and AKT mRNA and proteins and higher expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were observed in the SC-Exos group than in the model group (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS SC-Exos can significantly ameliorate brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanism may be a novel therapeutic target for ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbiao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mehrvar S, Camara AKS, Ranji M. 3D Optical Cryo-Imaging Method: A Novel Approach to Quantify Renal Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Dysfunction. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2276:259-270. [PMID: 34060048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1266-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to various injuries and diseases. A mechanistic understanding of how dysfunctional mitochondria modulates metabolism is of paramount importance. Three-dimensional (3D) optical cryo-imager is a custom-designed device that can quantify the volumetric bioenergetics of organs in small animal models. The instrument captures the autofluorescence of bioenergetics indices (NADH and FAD) from tissues at cryogenic temperature. The quantified redox ratio (NADH/FAD) is used as an optical indicator of mitochondrial redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Anesthesia Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA.
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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Mehrvar S, Mostaghimi S, Camara AKS, Foomani FH, Narayanan J, Fish B, Medhora M, Ranji M. Three-dimensional vascular and metabolic imaging using inverted autofluorescence. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210064R. [PMID: 34240589 PMCID: PMC8265174 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.7.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Three-dimensional (3D) vascular and metabolic imaging (VMI) of whole organs in rodents provides critical and important (patho)physiological information in studying animal models of vascular network. AIM Autofluorescence metabolic imaging has been used to evaluate mitochondrial metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Leveraging these autofluorescence images of whole organs of rodents, we have developed a 3D vascular segmentation technique to delineate the anatomy of the vasculature as well as mitochondrial metabolic distribution. APPROACH By measuring fluorescence from naturally occurring mitochondrial metabolites combined with light-absorbing properties of hemoglobin, we detected the 3D structure of the vascular tree of rodent lungs, kidneys, hearts, and livers using VMI. For lung VMI, an exogenous fluorescent dye was injected into the trachea for inflation and to separate the airways, confirming no overlap between the segmented vessels and airways. RESULTS The kidney vasculature from genetically engineered rats expressing endothelial-specific red fluorescent protein TdTomato confirmed a significant overlap with VMI. This approach abided by the "minimum work" hypothesis of the vascular network fitting to Murray's law. Finally, the vascular segmentation approach confirmed the vascular regression in rats, induced by ionizing radiation. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous vascular and metabolic information extracted from the VMI provides quantitative diagnostic markers without the confounding effects of vascular stains, fillers, or contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amadou K. S. Camara
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Farnaz H. Foomani
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jayashree Narayanan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Brian Fish
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Physiology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
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Mehrvar S, Mostaghimi S, Foomani FH, Abroe B, Eells JT, Gopalakrishnan S, Ranji M. 670 nm photobiomodulation improves the mitochondrial redox state of diabetic wounds. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:107-118. [PMID: 33392015 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated to accelerate diabetic wound healing in preclinical and clinical studies. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play key roles in impaired diabetic wound healing, and the effect of PBM on the metabolic state of diabetic wounds remains to be elucidated. Methods In this study, a custom-designed in vivo fluorescence imaging technique was used to quantitatively assess the effect of FR-PBM on the mitochondrial bioenergetics of diabetic wounds. The intrinsic fluorescence of two mitochondrial co-enzymes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), was monitored to quantify the redox ratio (RR) (NADH/FAD) of wounds over time. Results Using an excisional model of wound healing, we demonstrated that 670 nm (FR) PBM improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and stimulated the rate of wound healing in diabetic db/db mice. Wound closure and the RR of diabetic wounds in response to 670 nm PBM (4.5 J/cm2, 60 mW/cm2 for 90 s per day, 5 days/week) were compared to the sham-treated group. At day 9 of post-wounding, we observed a 43% decrease in the wound area and a 75% increase in RR in FR-treated diabetic mice compared to sham-treated diabetic mice. Conclusions We conclude that the increase in mitochondrial RR and the related decrease in oxidative stress may be an important factor in FR-PBM mediated acceleration of wound healing in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Farnaz H Foomani
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Betsy Abroe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Janis T Eells
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Gopalakrishnan S, Mehrvar S, Maleki S, Schmitt H, Summerfelt P, Dubis AM, Abroe B, Connor TB, Carroll J, Huddleston W, Ranji M, Eells JT. Photobiomodulation preserves mitochondrial redox state and is retinoprotective in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20382. [PMID: 33230161 PMCID: PMC7684292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated to restore the function of damaged mitochondria, increase the production of cytoprotective factors and prevent cell death. Our laboratory has shown that FR PBM improves functional and structural outcomes in animal models of retinal injury and retinal degenerative disease. The current study tested the hypothesis that a brief course of NIR (830 nm) PBM would preserve mitochondrial metabolic state and attenuate photoreceptor loss in a model of retinitis pigmentosa, the P23H transgenic rat. P23H rat pups were treated with 830 nm light (180 s; 25 mW/cm2; 4.5 J/cm2) using a light-emitting diode array (Quantum Devices, Barneveld, WI) from postnatal day (p) 10 to p25. Sham-treated rats were restrained, but not treated with 830 nm light. Retinal metabolic state, function and morphology were assessed at p30 by measurement of mitochondrial redox (NADH/FAD) state by 3D optical cryo-imaging, electroretinography (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and histomorphometry. PBM preserved retinal metabolic state, retinal function, and retinal morphology in PBM-treated animals compared to the sham-treated group. PBM protected against the disruption of the oxidation state of the mitochondrial respiratory chain observed in sham-treated animals. Scotopic ERG responses over a range of flash intensities were significantly greater in PBM-treated rats compared to sham controls. SD-OCT studies and histological assessment showed that PBM preserved the structural integrity of the retina. These findings demonstrate for the first time a direct effect of NIR PBM on retinal mitochondrial redox status in a well-established model of retinal disease. They show that chronic proteotoxic stress disrupts retinal bioenergetics resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, and retinal degeneration and that therapies normalizing mitochondrial metabolism have considerable potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Ratan, FL, USA
| | - Sepideh Maleki
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Ratan, FL, USA
| | - Heather Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phyllis Summerfelt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adam M Dubis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Betsy Abroe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas B Connor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Wendy Huddleston
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Ratan, FL, USA.
| | - Janis T Eells
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Mehrvar S, Rymut KT, Foomani FH, Mostaghimi S, Eells JT, Ranji M, Gopalakrishnan S. Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondrial Redox State to Assess Diabetic Wounds. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE-JTEHM 2019; 7:1800809. [PMID: 32166047 PMCID: PMC6889942 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2019.2945323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is known to cause delayed wound healing, and
chronic non-healing lower extremity ulcers may end with lower limb amputations and
mortalities. Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, it is
critical to focus on underlying mechanisms of these debilitating wounds to find novel
therapeutic strategies and thereby improve patient outcome. Methods: This
study aims to design a label-free optical fluorescence imager that captures metabolic
indices (NADH and FAD autofluorescence) and monitors the in vivo wound
healing progress noninvasively. Furthermore, 3D optical cryo-imaging of the mitochondrial
redox state was utilized to assess the volumetric redox state of the wound tissue.
Results: The results from our in vivo fluorescence
imager and the 3D cryo-imager quantify the differences between the redox state of wounds
on diabetic mice in comparison with the control mice. These metabolic changes are
associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and higher oxidative stress in diabetic wounds.
A significant correlation was observed between the redox state and the area of the wounds.
Conclusion: The results suggest that our developed novel optical
imaging system can successfully be used as an optical indicator of the complex wound
healing process noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Kevin T Rymut
- 2College of NursingUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Farnaz H Foomani
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Janis T Eells
- 3Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- 1Biophotonics LabDepartment of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
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Lagarto JL, Dyer BT, Talbot CB, Peters NS, French PMW, Lyon AR, Dunsby C. Characterization of NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence signatures in a Langendorff isolated-perfused rat heart model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4961-4978. [PMID: 30319914 PMCID: PMC6179415 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Autofluorescence spectroscopy is a promising label-free approach to characterize biological samples with demonstrated potential to report structural and biochemical alterations in tissues in a number of clinical applications. We report a characterization of the ex vivo autofluorescence fingerprint of cardiac tissue, exploiting a Langendorff-perfused isolated rat heart model to induce physiological insults to the heart, with a view to understanding how metabolic alterations affect the autofluorescence signals. Changes in the autofluorescence intensity and lifetime signatures associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) were characterized during oxygen- or glucose-depletion protocols. Results suggest that both NAD(P)H and FAD autofluorescence intensity and lifetime parameters are sensitive to changes in the metabolic state of the heart owing to oxygen deprivation. We also observed changes in NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity and FAD lifetime parameter on reperfusion of oxygen, which might provide information on reperfusion injury, and permanent tissue damage or changes to the tissue during recovery from oxygen deprivation. We found that changes in the autofluorescence signature following glucose-depletion are, in general, less pronounced, and most clearly visible in NAD(P)H related parameters. Overall, the results reported in this investigation can serve as baseline for future investigations of cardiac tissue involving autofluorescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Lagarto
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Benjamin T Dyer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Clifford B Talbot
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paul M W French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Authors contributed equally to this work
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Lewis SA, Takimoto T, Mehrvar S, Higuchi H, Doebley AL, Stokes G, Sheibani N, Ikeda S, Ranji M, Ikeda A. The effect of Tmem135 overexpression on the mouse heart. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201986. [PMID: 30102730 PMCID: PMC6089435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues with high-energy demand including the heart are rich in the energy-producing organelles, mitochondria, and sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. While alterations in mitochondrial function are increasingly recognized in cardiovascular diseases, the molecular mechanisms through which changes in mitochondria lead to heart abnormalities have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that transgenic mice overexpressing a novel regulator of mitochondrial dynamics, transmembrane protein 135 (Tmem135), exhibit increased fragmentation of mitochondria and disease phenotypes in the heart including collagen accumulation and hypertrophy. The gene expression analysis showed that genes associated with ER stress and unfolded protein response, and especially the pathway involving activating transcription factor 4, are upregulated in the heart of Tmem135 transgenic mice. It also showed that gene expression changes in the heart of Tmem135 transgenic mice significantly overlap with those of aged mice in addition to the similarity in cardiac phenotypes, suggesting that changes in mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in the development of heart abnormalities associated with aging. Our study revealed the pathological consequence of overexpression of Tmem135, and suggested downstream molecular changes that may underlie those disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aileen Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tetsuya Takimoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shima Mehrvar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Biophotonics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hitoshi Higuchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anna-Lisa Doebley
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Giangela Stokes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sakae Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Biophotonics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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