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Yang Y, Wu M, Wegener AJ, Vázquez-Guardado A, Efimov AI, Lie F, Wang T, Ma Y, Banks A, Li Z, Xie Z, Huang Y, Good CH, Kozorovitskiy Y, Rogers JA. Preparation and use of wireless reprogrammable multilateral optogenetic devices for behavioral neuroscience. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1073-1096. [PMID: 35173306 PMCID: PMC9311268 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wireless battery-free optogenetic devices enable behavioral neuroscience studies in groups of animals with minimal interference to natural behavior. Real-time independent control of optogenetic stimulation through near-field communication dramatically expands the realm of applications of these devices in broad contexts of neuroscience research. Dissemination of these tools with advanced functionalities to the neuroscience community requires protocols for device manufacturing and experimental implementation. This protocol describes detailed procedures for fabrication, encapsulation and implantation of recently developed advanced wireless devices in head- and back-mounted forms. In addition, procedures for standard implementation of experimental systems in mice are provided. This protocol aims to facilitate the application of wireless optogenetic devices in advanced optogenetic experiments involving groups of freely moving rodents and complex environmental designs. The entire protocol lasts ~3-5 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Amy J Wegener
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Vázquez-Guardado
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Andrew I Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Taoyi Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anthony Banks
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Neurolux Inc., Evanston, IL, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Cameron H Good
- US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA.
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institutes, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Neurolux Inc., Evanston, IL, USA.
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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2
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Cai X, Li L, Liu W, Du N, Zhao Y, Han Y, Liu C, Yin Y, Fu X, Sheng D, Yin L, Wang L, Wei P, Sheng X. A dual-channel optogenetic stimulator selectively modulates distinct defensive behaviors. iScience 2022; 25:103681. [PMID: 35036871 PMCID: PMC8749196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable devices and systems have been emerging as powerful tools for neuroscience research and medical applications. Here we report a wireless, dual-channel optoelectronic system for functional optogenetic interrogation of superior colliculus (SC), a layered structure pertinent to defensive behaviors, in rodents. Specifically, a flexible and injectable probe comprises two thin-film microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) at different depths, providing spatially resolved optical illuminations within the tissue. Under remote control, these micro-LEDs interrogate the intermediate layer and the deep layer of the SC (ILSC and DLSC) of the same mice, and deterministically evoke distinct freezing and flight behaviors, respectively. Furthermore, the system allows synchronized optical stimulations in both regions, and we discover that the flight response dominates animals' behaviors in our experiments. In addition, c-Fos immunostaining results further elucidate the functional hierarchy of the SC. These demonstrations provide a viable route to unraveling complex brain structures and functions. A wireless implant with two micro-LEDs enables dual-channel optogenetic stimulations Two micro-LEDs stimulate the intermediate and the deep layers of superior colliculus Dual-channel stimulations selectively evoke suppressed or promoted moving behaviors Synchronized stimulations in the intermediate and the deep layers are achieved
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lizhu Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Nianzhen Du
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yaning Han
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changbo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dawid Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Lang Y, Tang R, Liu Y, Xi P, Liu H, Quan Z, Song D, Lv X, Huang Q, He J. Multisite Simultaneous Neural Recording of Motor Pathway in Free-Moving Rats. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120503. [PMID: 34940260 PMCID: PMC8699182 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Neural interfaces typically focus on one or two sites in the motoneuron system simultaneously due to the limitation of the recording technique, which restricts the scope of observation and discovery of this system. Herein, we built a system with various electrodes capable of recording a large spectrum of electrophysiological signals from the cortex, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles of freely moving animals. The system integrates adjustable microarrays, floating microarrays, and microwires to a commercial connector and cuff electrode on a wireless transmitter. To illustrate the versatility of the system, we investigated its performance for the behavior of rodents during tethered treadmill walking, untethered wheel running, and open field exploration. The results indicate that the system is stable and applicable for multiple behavior conditions and can provide data to support previously inaccessible research of neural injury, rehabilitation, brain-inspired computing, and fundamental neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Lang
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Rongyu Tang
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Yafei Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (P.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Pengcheng Xi
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (P.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Honghao Liu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (P.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.)
| | - Da Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.Q.); (D.S.)
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiang Huang
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiping He
- Beijing Innovation Centre for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (R.T.); (X.L.); (Q.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Kale RP, Nguyen TTL, Price JB, Yates NJ, Walder K, Berk M, Sillitoe RV, Kouzani AZ, Tye SJ. Mood Regulatory Actions of Active and Sham Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation in Antidepressant Resistant Rats. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:644921. [PMID: 34349629 PMCID: PMC8326323 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidepressant actions of deep brain stimulation (DBS) are associated with progressive neuroadaptations within the mood network, modulated in part, by neurotrophic mechanisms. We investigated the antidepressant-like effects of chronic nucleus accumbens (NAc) DBS and its association with change in glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in the infralimbic cortex (IL), and the dorsal (dHIP) and ventral (vHIP) subregions of the hippocampus of antidepressant resistant rats. Antidepressant resistance was induced via daily injection of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; 100 μg/day; 15 days) and confirmed by non-response to tricyclic antidepressant treatment (imipramine, 10 mg/kg). Portable microdevices provided continuous bilateral NAc DBS (130 Hz, 200 μA, 90 μs) for 7 days. A control sham electrode group was included, together with ACTH- and saline-treated control groups. Home cage monitoring, open field, sucrose preference, and, forced swim behavioral tests were performed. Post-mortem levels of GSK3 and mTOR, total and phosphorylated, were determined with Western blot. As previously reported, ACTH treatment blocked the immobility-reducing effects of imipramine in the forced swim test. In contrast, treatment with either active DBS or sham electrode placement in the NAc significantly reduced forced swim immobility time in ACTH-treated animals. This was associated with increased homecage activity in the DBS and sham groups relative to ACTH and saline groups, however, no differences in locomotor activity were observed in the open field test, nor were any group differences seen for sucrose consumption across groups. The antidepressant-like actions of NAc DBS and sham electrode placements were associated with an increase in levels of IL and vHIP phospho-GSK3β and phospho-mTOR, however, no differences in these protein levels were observed in the dHIP region. These data suggest that early response to electrode placement in the NAc, irrespective of whether active DBS or sham, has antidepressant-like effects in the ACTH-model of antidepressant resistance associated with distal upregulation of phospho-GSK3β and phospho-mTOR in the IL and vHIP regions of the mood network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajas P. Kale
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Thanh Thanh L. Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Biology and Psychology, Green Mountain College, Poultney, VT, United States
| | - J. Blair Price
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nathanael J. Yates
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT–The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, The Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Susannah J. Tye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Jeong J, Jung J, Jung D, Kim J, Ju H, Kim T, Lee J. An implantable optogenetic stimulator wirelessly powered by flexible photovoltaics with near-infrared (NIR) light. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113139. [PMID: 33714161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics is a cutting-edge tool in neuroscience that employs light-sensitive proteins and controlled illumination for neuromodulation. Its main advantage is the ability to demonstrate causal relationships by manipulating the activity of specific neuronal populations and observing behavioral phenotypes. However, the tethering system used to deliver light to optogenetic tools can constrain both natural animal behaviors and experimental design. Here, we present an optically powered and controlled wireless optogenetic system using near-infrared (NIR) light for high transmittance through live tissues. In vivo optogenetic stimulations using this system induced whisker movement in channelrhodopsin-expressing mice, confirming the photovoltaics-generated electrical power was sufficient, and the remote controlling system operated successfully. The proposed optogenetic system provides improved optogenetic applications in freely moving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmo Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwuk Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Juho Kim
- Department of Applied Nano-Mechanics, Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunpyo Ju
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongho Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Ausra J, Munger SJ, Azami A, Burton A, Peralta R, Miller JE, Gutruf P. Wireless battery free fully implantable multimodal recording and neuromodulation tools for songbirds. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1968. [PMID: 33785751 PMCID: PMC8009877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wireless battery free and fully implantable tools for the interrogation of the central and peripheral nervous system have quantitatively expanded the capabilities to study mechanistic and circuit level behavior in freely moving rodents. The light weight and small footprint of such devices enables full subdermal implantation that results in the capability to perform studies with minimal impact on subject behavior and yields broad application in a range of experimental paradigms. While these advantages have been successfully proven in rodents that move predominantly in 2D, the full potential of a wireless and battery free device can be harnessed with flying species, where interrogation with tethered devices is very difficult or impossible. Here we report on a wireless, battery free and multimodal platform that enables optogenetic stimulation and physiological temperature recording in a highly miniaturized form factor for use in songbirds. The systems are enabled by behavior guided primary antenna design and advanced energy management to ensure stable optogenetic stimulation and thermography throughout 3D experimental arenas. Collectively, these design approaches quantitatively expand the use of wireless subdermally implantable neuromodulation and sensing tools to species previously excluded from in vivo real time experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jokubas Ausra
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Amirhossein Azami
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alex Burton
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Roberto Peralta
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julie E Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Departments of Speech, Language & Hearing Sciences, Neurology, and Bio5 Institute, Neuroscience GIDP, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bio5 Institute, Neuroscience GIDP, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Vandekerckhove B, Missinne J, Vonck K, Bauwens P, Verplancke R, Boon P, Raedt R, Vanfleteren J. Technological Challenges in the Development of Optogenetic Closed-Loop Therapy Approaches in Epilepsy and Related Network Disorders of the Brain. MICROMACHINES 2020; 12:38. [PMID: 33396287 PMCID: PMC7824489 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic, neurological disorder affecting millions of people every year. The current available pharmacological and surgical treatments are lacking in overall efficacy and cause side-effects like cognitive impairment, depression, tremor, abnormal liver and kidney function. In recent years, the application of optogenetic implants have shown promise to target aberrant neuronal circuits in epilepsy with the advantage of both high spatial and temporal resolution and high cell-specificity, a feature that could tackle both the efficacy and side-effect problems in epilepsy treatment. Optrodes consist of electrodes to record local field potentials and an optical component to modulate neurons via activation of opsin expressed by these neurons. The goal of optogenetics in epilepsy is to interrupt seizure activity in its earliest state, providing a so-called closed-loop therapeutic intervention. The chronic implantation in vivo poses specific demands for the engineering of therapeutic optrodes. Enzymatic degradation and glial encapsulation of implants may compromise long-term recording and sufficient illumination of the opsin-expressing neural tissue. Engineering efforts for optimal optrode design have to be directed towards limitation of the foreign body reaction by reducing the implant's elastic modulus and overall size, while still providing stable long-term recording and large-area illumination, and guaranteeing successful intracerebral implantation. This paper presents an overview of the challenges and recent advances in the field of electrode design, neural-tissue illumination, and neural-probe implantation, with the goal of identifying a suitable candidate to be incorporated in a therapeutic approach for long-term treatment of epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Vandekerckhove
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (J.M.); (P.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Jeroen Missinne
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (J.M.); (P.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Pieter Bauwens
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (J.M.); (P.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Rik Verplancke
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (J.M.); (P.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Paul Boon
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4Brain Team, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.V.); (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.V.); (J.M.); (P.B.); (R.V.)
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Sridharan A, Shah A, Kumar SS, Kyeh J, Smith J, Blain-Christen J, Muthuswamy J. Optogenetic modulation of cortical neurons using organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:025003. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab6fb7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Parag-Sharma K, O’Banion CP, Henry EC, Musicant AM, Cleveland JL, Lawrence DS, Amelio AL. Engineered BRET-Based Biologic Light Sources Enable Spatiotemporal Control over Diverse Optogenetic Systems. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1-9. [PMID: 31834783 PMCID: PMC7875091 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light-inducible optogenetic systems offer precise spatiotemporal control over a myriad of biologic processes. Unfortunately, current systems are inherently limited by their dependence on external light sources for their activation. Further, the utility of laser/LED-based illumination strategies are often constrained by the need for invasive surgical procedures to deliver such devices and local heat production, photobleaching and phototoxicity that compromises cell and tissue viability. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel BRET-activated optogenetics (BEACON) system that employs biologic light to control optogenetic tools. BEACON is driven by self-illuminating bioluminescent-fluorescent proteins that generate "spectrally tuned" biologic light via bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). Notably, BEACON robustly activates a variety of commonly used optogenetic systems in a spatially restricted fashion, and at physiologically relevant time scales, to levels that are achieved by conventional laser/LED light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- Graduate Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Colin P. O’Banion
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Neuronal Signal Transduction, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Erin C. Henry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Adele M. Musicant
- Graduate Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John L. Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - David S. Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Antonio L. Amelio
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Cancer Cell Biology Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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10
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Richter C, Bruegmann T. No light without the dark: Perspectives and hindrances for translation of cardiac optogenetics. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 154:39-50. [PMID: 31515056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, optogenetic stimulation of the heart and its translational potential for rhythm control attracted more and more interest. Optogenetics allows to stimulate cardiomyocytes expressing the light-gated cation channel Channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) with light and thus high spatio-temporal precision. Therefore this new approach can overcome the technical limitations of electrical stimulation. In regard of translational approaches, the prospect of pain-free stimulation, if ChR2 expression is restricted to cardiomyocytes, is especially intriguing and could be highly beneficial for cardioversion and defibrillation. However, there is no light without shadow and cardiac optogenetics has to surmount critical hurdles, namely "how" to inscribe light-sensitivity by expressing ChR2 in a native heart and how to avoid side effects such as possible immune responses against the gene transfer. Furthermore, implantable light devices have to be developed which ensure sufficient illumination in a highly contractile environment. Therefore this article reviews recent advantages in the field of cardiac optogenetics with a special focus on the hindrances for the potential translation of this new approach into clinics and provides an outlook how these have to be carefully investigated and could be solved step by step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Richter
- RG Biomedical Physics, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics & Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077, Goettingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Str. 42a, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.
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11
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Firfilionis D, Luo JW, Ramezani R, Escobedo-Cousin E, Bailey R, O'Neill A, Degenaar P. Design Considerations for Artefact-Free Optoelectronic Systems. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2019; 2019:3742-3745. [PMID: 31946688 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes design considerations that need to be followed in order to eliminate potential sources of artefact that could distort a recorded neural signal. The artefact that appears in a recorded signal has a combination of potential sources each of which contributes towards its formation. As such, these sources of artefact have been addressed in three main categories: a) electronics artefact, b) encapsulation artefact and c) interface artefact. Each source (component) is analyzed further and appropriate design techniques and considerations are suggested towards its mitigation.
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12
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Riefolo F, Matera C, Garrido-Charles A, Gomila AMJ, Sortino R, Agnetta L, Claro E, Masgrau R, Holzgrabe U, Batlle M, Decker M, Guasch E, Gorostiza P. Optical Control of Cardiac Function with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7628-7636. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Garrido-Charles
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre M. J. Gomila
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències (INc), and Dept. Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Masgrau
- Institut de Neurociències (INc), and Dept. Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Montserrat Batlle
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduard Guasch
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona (UB), IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Wang Z, Hu M, Ai X, Zhang Z, Xing B. Near-Infrared Manipulation of Membrane Ion Channels via Upconversion Optogenetics. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2019; 3:e1800233. [PMID: 32627341 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane ion channels are ultimately responsible for the propagation and integration of electrical signals in the nervous, muscular, and other systems. Their activation or malfunctioning plays a significant role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. Using optogenetics to dynamically and spatiotemporally control ion channels has recently attracted considerable attention. However, most of the established optogenetic tools (e.g., channelrhodopsins, ChRs) for optical manipulations, are mainly stimulated by UV or visible light, which raises the concerns of potential photodamage, limited tissue penetration, and high-invasive implantation of optical fiber devices. Near-infrared (NIR) upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-mediated optogenetic systems provide great opportunities for overcoming the problems encountered in the manipulation of ion channels in deep tissues. Hence, this review focuses on the recent advances in NIR regulation of membrane ion channels via upconversion optogenetics in biomedical research. The engineering and applications of upconversion optogenetic systems by the incorporation multiple emissive UCNPs into various light-gated ChRs/ligands are first elaborated, followed by a detailed discussion of the technical improvements for more precise and efficient control of membrane channels. Finally, the future perspectives for refining and advancing NIR-mediated upconversion optogenetics into in vivo even in clinical applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ming Hu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiangzhao Ai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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14
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Leopold AV, Chernov KG, Verkhusha VV. Optogenetically controlled protein kinases for regulation of cellular signaling. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2454-2484. [PMID: 29498733 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell differentiation, survival, migration, axon guidance and neuronal plasticity. A growing set of optogenetic tools, termed opto-kinases, allows activation and inhibition of different protein kinases with light. The optogenetic regulation enables fast, reversible and non-invasive manipulation of protein kinase activities, complementing traditional methods, such as treatment with growth factors, protein kinase inhibitors or chemical dimerizers. In this review, we summarize the properties of the existing optogenetic tools for controlling tyrosine kinases and serine-threonine kinases. We discuss how the opto-kinases can be applied for studies of spatial and temporal aspects of protein kinase signaling in cells and organisms. We compare approaches for chemical and optogenetic regulation of protein kinase activity and present guidelines for selection of opto-kinases and equipment to control them with light. We also describe strategies to engineer novel opto-kinases on the basis of various photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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15
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Harris AZ, Golder D, Likhtik E. Multisite Electrophysiology Recordings in Mice to Study Cross-Regional Communication During Anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 80:8.40.1-8.40.21. [PMID: 28678397 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recording neural activity in awake, freely moving mice is a powerful and flexible technique for dissecting the neural circuit mechanisms underlying pathological behavior. This unit describes protocols for designing a drive and recording single neurons and local field potentials during anxiety-related paradigms. We also include protocols for integrating pharmacologic and optogenetic means for circuit manipulations, which, when combined with electrophysiological recordings, demonstrate input-specific and cell-specific contributions to circuit-wide activity. We discuss the planning, execution, and troubleshooting of physiology experiments during anxiety-like behavior. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Z Harris
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York
| | - Danielle Golder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, CUNY, New York City, New York
| | - Ekaterina Likhtik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, CUNY, New York City, New York.,CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York City, New York
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16
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Morton A, Murawski C, Pulver SR, Gather MC. High-brightness organic light-emitting diodes for optogenetic control of Drosophila locomotor behaviour. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31117. [PMID: 27484401 PMCID: PMC4971487 DOI: 10.1038/srep31117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are in widespread use in today’s mobile phones and are likely to drive the next generation of large area displays and solid-state lighting. Here we show steps towards their utility as a platform technology for biophotonics, by demonstrating devices capable of optically controlling behaviour in live animals. Using devices with a pin OLED architecture, sufficient illumination intensity (0.3 mW.mm−2) to activate channelrhodopsins (ChRs) in vivo was reliably achieved at low operating voltages (5 V). In Drosophila melanogaster third instar larvae expressing ChR2(H134R) in motor neurons, we found that pulsed illumination from blue and green OLEDs triggered robust and reversible contractions in animals. This response was temporally coupled to the timing of OLED illumination. With blue OLED illumination, the initial rate and overall size of the behavioural response was strongest. Green OLEDs achieved roughly 70% of the response observed with blue OLEDs. Orange OLEDs did not produce contractions in larvae, in agreement with the spectral response of ChR2(H134R). The device configuration presented here could be modified to accommodate other small model organisms, cell cultures or tissue slices and the ability of OLEDs to provide patterned illumination and spectral tuning can further broaden their utility in optogenetics experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Morton
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Murawski
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.,Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Str. 1, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Pulver
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Mary's Quad, South Street, St Andrews KY16 9JP, United Kingdom
| | - Malte C Gather
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom.,Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Bähr-Str. 1, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Edward ES, Kouzani AZ, Kale RP, Tye SJ. Portable closed-loop optogenetic stimulation device. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2016:5250-5253. [PMID: 28269448 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a closed-loop optogenetic stimulation device to achieve online modulation of neurons. The device is designed to be mountable on small rodents in pre-clinical settings. Considering the size of rodents and the need for portability, a single-piece self-contained device is developed which allows real-time photostimulation based on detected neuronal states. It consists of three components: a neural recorder, a control algorithm, and an optogenetic stimulator. The neural recorder which is realized by analogue circuitry measures the neural signal. The on-off control algorithm analyses the neural signal and controls the stimulation of the target neurons. The optogenetic stimulator performs sampling and digitization of the detected neural signal, runs the control algorithm, and manages the operation of the light source. The configurable neural recorder is capable of 64 dB amplification in the frequency range of 300 Hz to 6 KHz. The outcome of bench testing of the device is reported. The device is portable and headmountable which makes it suitable for use with small rodents in pre-clinical trials.
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18
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Aviello G, D'Agostino G. Tools for Controlling Activity of Neural Circuits Can Boost Gastrointestinal Research. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:43. [PMID: 26973530 PMCID: PMC4777719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Aviello
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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19
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Maysinger D, Ji J, Hutter E, Cooper E. Nanoparticle-Based and Bioengineered Probes and Sensors to Detect Physiological and Pathological Biomarkers in Neural Cells. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:480. [PMID: 26733793 PMCID: PMC4683200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology, a rapidly evolving field, provides simple and practical tools to investigate the nervous system in health and disease. Among these tools are nanoparticle-based probes and sensors that detect biochemical and physiological properties of neurons and glia, and generate signals proportionate to physical, chemical, and/or electrical changes in these cells. In this context, quantum dots (QDs), carbon-based structures (C-dots, grapheme, and nanodiamonds) and gold nanoparticles are the most commonly used nanostructures. They can detect and measure enzymatic activities of proteases (metalloproteinases, caspases), ions, metabolites, and other biomolecules under physiological or pathological conditions in neural cells. Here, we provide some examples of nanoparticle-based and genetically engineered probes and sensors that are used to reveal changes in protease activities and calcium ion concentrations. Although significant progress in developing these tools has been made for probing neural cells, several challenges remain. We review many common hurdles in sensor development, while highlighting certain advances. In the end, we propose some future directions and ideas for developing practical tools for neural cell investigations, based on the maxim "Measure what is measurable, and make measurable what is not so" (Galileo Galilei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeff Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eliza Hutter
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elis Cooper
- Department of Physiology, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
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