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Burton AM, Cowburn I, Thompson F, Eisenmann JC, Nicholson B, Till K. Associations Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Characteristics in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:2191-2256. [PMID: 37542607 PMCID: PMC10587315 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor competence is an integral component of the health and performance of youth. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that motor competence interacts with perceived motor competence and physical fitness during childhood to induce positive (e.g. healthy weight status) or negative (e.g. reduced physical activity engagement) trajectories. Yet, while adolescence is a key period of rapid growth and maturation, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the association between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics solely within adolescents. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) analyse the scientific literature evaluating associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; (2) evaluate the associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness characteristics and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; and (3) investigate the impact of moderator variables (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment) on the associations. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, followed by a qualitative synthesis of study methods. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to establish the magnitude and orientation of pooled correlation coefficients between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents, whilst considering potential moderators (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment). RESULTS Sixty-one studies were included, totalling 22,256 adolescents. Twenty-seven different assessments of motor competence were used, with 31 studies utilising product-orientated (i.e. outcome) motor competence assessments. Meta-analyses of 43 studies showed that motor competence was positively associated with physical activity (r = 0.20 to 0.26), some physical fitness characteristics (e.g. muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance; r = 0.03 to 0.60) and psychosocial characteristics (r = 0.07 to 0.34), and inversely associated with weight status (r = - 0.36 to - 0.10), speed (r = - 0.31) and agility (r = - 0.37 to 0.41). Associations with flexibility were unclear. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesised interactions of motor competence with physical activity (positive), physical fitness (positive except for weight status, speed and agility) and psychosocial characteristics (positive) in adolescence. However, methodological approaches vary considerably (e.g. variety of motor competence assessments utilised), with limitations of the current literature including an inadequate assessment of motor competence, a lack of longitudinal observations and a failure to account for biological maturation. Future research assessing associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents should include longitudinal observations of a combined motor competence assessment (i.e. process and product) and account for biological maturation. Improved evaluation using these recommendations could provide more accurate data, leading to more targeted interventions to improve adolescents' physical and psychosocial outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42021233441 (PROSPERO ID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Burton
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK.
- Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate, York, UK.
| | - Ian Cowburn
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
| | - Ffion Thompson
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
- Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate, York, UK
| | - Joey C Eisenmann
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
- Lakeland University, Plymouth, WI, USA
| | - Ben Nicholson
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
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Owen C, Till K, Darrall-Jones J, Jones B. Statistical analysis considerations within longitudinal studies of physical qualities in youth athletes: A qualitative systematic methodological review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270336. [PMID: 35797359 PMCID: PMC9262234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The evaluation of physical qualities in talent identification and development systems is vital and commonplace in supporting youth athletes towards elite sport. However, the complex and dynamic development of physical qualities in addition to temporal challenges associated with the research design, such as unstructured data collection and missing data, requires appropriate statistical methods to be applied in research to optimise the understanding and knowledge of long-term physical development.
Aim
To collate and evaluate the application of methodological and statistical methods used in studies investigating the development of physical qualities within youth athletes.
Methods
Electronic databases were systematically searched form the earliest record to June 2021 and reference lists were hand searched in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if they tested physical qualities over a minimum of 3 timepoints, were observational in nature and used youth sporting populations.
Results
Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. The statistical analysis methods applied were qualitatively assessed against the theoretical underpinnings (i.e. multidimensional development, non-linear change and between and within athlete change) and temporal challenges (i.e. time variant and invariant variables, missing data, treatment of time and repeated measures) encountered with longitudinal physical testing research. Multilevel models were implemented most frequently (50%) and the most appropriately used statistical analysis method when qualitatively compared against the longitudinal challenges. Independent groups ANOVA, MANOVA and X2 were also used, yet failed to address any of the challenges posed within longitudinal physical testing research.
Conclusions
This methodological review identified the statistical methods currently employed within longitudinal physical testing research and addressed the theoretical and temporal challenges faced in longitudinal physical testing research with varying success. The findings can be used to support the selection of statistical methods when evaluating the development of youth athletes through the consideration of the challenges presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, United Kingdom
- British Swimming, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Josh Darrall-Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
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Duncan M, Eyre ELJ, Noon M, Morris R, Thake D, Clarke N. Fundamental movement skills and perceived competence, but not fitness, are the key factors associated with technical skill performance in boys who play grassroots soccer. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2022; 6:215-220. [PMID: 35475751 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1910332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between fitness, fundamental movement skills (FMS) and perceived competence on technical skills in boys engaged in grassroots soccer. Methods: Sixty boys (8-12 years of age, Mean ± SD = 10 ± 1 years) undertook assessment of FMS, perceived competence, physical fitness (15m sprint speed, standing long jump distance and seated 1kg medicine ball throw as a composite z-score) and technical skills (dribbling, passing and shooting as a composite z-score). RESULTS Multiple backwards linear regression was used to determine to amount of variance in technical skill explained by FMS, perceived competence and fitness. Results indicated a significant model (F 3,58= 42.04, P = .0001, Adj R2 = .680) which explained 68% of the variance in technical skills. Perceived competence (β=.316, P =.001), Total FMS (β=.140, P =.002), and chronological age (β=.863), P =.001) significantly contributed to the model. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that better technical skills (passing, dribbling, shooting) in youth soccer are explained, alongside age, by being competent in FMS and having a more positive perception of competence. Coaches should therefore seek to encourage development of these factors during childhood for the benefit of technical skill performance.
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The Importance of Selected Coordination Motor Skills for an Individual Football Player's Effectiveness in a Game. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020728. [PMID: 35055554 PMCID: PMC8776055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate level of coordination motor skills (CMS) in a football player is one of the factors determining the effectiveness of their actions. Adaptability and complex reaction time are of particular importance in models of coordination requirements in football. The lead aim of this study is to determine the relationship between two selected coordination motor skills and the offensive, defensive and comprehensive effectiveness of an individual player's actions. The study was conducted on a group of 91 Polish male football players aged 20 to 31 years, all in the senior age category. The research tools included: a test assessing motor adaptation (research by dribbling the ball with the dominant leg), psychomotor test of complex reaction time (tested with an S-10.2 measuring device) and a test of the effectiveness of an individual player's actions (one-on-one simulation game). The conducted research indicated that adaptability and complex reaction time are both important abilities for success when attacking in an individual game, and in the assessment of a comprehensive index of individual competences in a one-on-one football game. However, the most significant factor influencing the effectiveness of a player's defensive action is solely the complex reaction time.
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Mazzardo T, Ribas S, Greco PJ, Monteiro GN, Silva WJBD, Araújo ND, Aburachid LMC. TGfU in the teaching of handball at school: impacts on the motor coordination and technique in the game. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220017121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Martins PC, Teixeira AS, Guglielmo LGANTONACCI, Francisco JS, Silva DAS, Nakamura FY, de Lima LRA. Phase Angle Is Related to 10 m and 30 m Sprint Time and Repeated-Sprint Ability in Young Male Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4405. [PMID: 33919220 PMCID: PMC8122489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between phase angle (PhA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) and components of physical performance in male youth soccer players. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Sixty-two players from two professional soccer academies were recruited. Electrical bioimpedance was used to obtain the PhA and BIVA. Body fat (BF) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. All players completed physical tests including the standing long jump (SLJ), Carminatti's test (peak speed at the end of the test, PST-CAR), 10 m and 30 m straight-line sprints, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) test (RSAbest and RSAmean times). RESULTS Adjusting for chronological age, BF, and LSTM, multiple regression analysis outputs showed that PhA remained inversely related to RSAmean (β = -0.362; p < 0.001), RSAbest (β = -0.239; p = 0.020), 10 m (β = -0.379; p = 0.012), and 30 m (β = -0.438; p < 0.001) sprint times, while the association with PST-CAR and SLJ performance were statistically non-significant. In addition, BIVA showed that differences in confidence ellipses were found between athletes in the reference population and the study sample (p < 0.05). The tolerance ellipses indicated that the athletes in the present study had more total body water (TCW) and lower proportions of intracellular water (ICW) to extracellular water (ECW). The reference population had more TCW and ICW/ECW. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that young soccer players with higher PhA values, indicating better cell integrity and functionality, have better performance in typical anaerobic running activities, such as sprinting speed and RSA performance, adjusted to age and body composition characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Custódio Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.A.S.S.)
| | - Anderson Santiago Teixeira
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.S.T.); (L.G.A.G.)
- Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme ANTONACCI Guglielmo
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (A.S.T.); (L.G.A.G.)
| | - Juliana Sabino Francisco
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.A.S.S.)
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.S.F.); (D.A.S.S.)
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil;
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Motor Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9040053. [PMID: 33921627 PMCID: PMC8072970 DOI: 10.3390/sports9040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the available information regarding longitudinal data addressing young soccer players' motor performance changes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, literature searches were performed in three databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS. The following descriptors were used: football, soccer, youth, young, player, athlete, physical performance, motor performance, longitudinal. The inclusion criteria were original articles in English with longitudinal data of young males (aged 10-18 years), with the aim to investigate motor performance serial changes. The initial search returned 211 records, and the final sample comprised 32 papers. These papers covered the European continent, and used mixed and pure longitudinal design with variation in sample size and age range. The reviewed studies tended to use different tests to assess the motor performance and aimed to identify changes in motor performance in several ways. In general, they indicated motor performance improvements with age, with a marked influence of biological maturity, body composition, and training stimuli. This review highlights the need for coaches and stakeholders to consider players' motor performance over time whilst considering biological maturation, biological characteristics, and training stimuli.
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Duarte JP, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Costa D, Martinho D, Luz LGO, Rebelo-Gonçalves R, Valente-dos-Santos J, Figueiredo A, Seabra A, Malina RM. Repeated Sprint Ability in Youth Soccer Players: Independent and Combined Effects of Relative Age and Biological Maturity. J Hum Kinet 2019; 67:209-221. [PMID: 31523319 PMCID: PMC6714374 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the effects of the relative age effect (RAE) and predicted maturity status on body size and repeated sprint ability (RSA: 7 x 34.2 m / 25 s interval) in youth soccer. The sample was composed of 197 male players aged 13-14 years. Body mass, stature, and sitting height were measured, RSA was assessed in the field, and age at peak height velocity (APHV) was predicted. Factorial ANOVA tested the independent and combined effects of RAE given by birth quarters (BQs) and maturity status on dependent variables. Players born in the second birth quarter (BQ2) were significantly taller (F = 4.28, p < 0.01) than their peers born in BQ1 and BQ3. Additionally, players born in BQ2 performed better than players born in BQ4 in RSA total time and ideal time (F ranged between 4.81 and 4.90, p < 0.01), while players born in BQ1 exhibited a lower RSA fatigue index compared to those born in BQ4 (F = 2.90, p < 0.05). The interaction of the BQ and maturity status was a significant source of inter-individual variation for body size (F ranged between 64.92 and 105.57; p < 0.01) and RSA output (F ranged between 4.082 and 6.76; p < 0.05). In summary, being relatively older and, simultaneously, advanced in maturity status corresponds to a substantial advantage in characteristics that are related to soccer-specific fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. Duarte
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/101083/2014), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Costa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Martinho
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/121441/2016), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonardo G. O. Luz
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- LACAPS, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Arapiraca, Brazil
| | | | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/100470/2014), Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Figueiredo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2019), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Robert M. Malina
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, USA
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Kokstejn J, Musalek M, Wolanski P, Murawska-Cialowicz E, Stastny P. Fundamental Motor Skills Mediate the Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Soccer-Specific Motor Skills in Young Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2019; 10:596. [PMID: 31191332 PMCID: PMC6546828 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are the basic elements of more complex sport-specific skills and should be mastered at the end of early childhood; however, the relationship between FMS and sport-specific skills has not yet been verified in prepubertal soccer players. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of FMS in the process of acquiring soccer-specific motor skills (measured using speed dribbling) with regard to physical fitness and biological maturation. Forty male soccer players (11.5 ± 0.3 years of age) at the highest performance level participated in the study. The test of Gross Motor Development - second edition and Unifittest 6-60 were used to assess FMS and physical fitness, respectively. The role of FMS in a complex theoretical model with the relationships between physical fitness, biological maturation and speed dribbling was analyzed by multiple regression path analyses (MRPA). Moderate to strong correlations were found between FMS, physical fitness, and speed dribbling (r = 0.56-0.66). Biological maturation did not appear to be a significant predictor of physical fitness or speed dribbling. The MRPA model using FMS as mediator variable between physical fitness and speed dribbling showed a significant indirect effect (standard estimation = -0.31, p = 0.001; R 2 = 0.25). However, the direct correlation between physical fitness and speed dribbling was non-significant. Our results showed that FMS significantly strengthened the influence of physical fitness on the performance of speed dribbling, a soccer-specific motor skill, and thus play an important role in the process of acquiring sport-specific motor skills in prepubertal soccer players. When considering the long-term training process, especially during childhood and before puberty, a wide range of FMS activities should be applied for better and possibly faster acquisition of soccer-specific motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kokstejn
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Musalek
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pawel Wolanski
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Duarte JP, Valente-Dos-Santos J, Costa D, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Deprez D, Philippaerts R, Lenoir M, Vaeyens R, Malina RM. Multilevel modelling of longitudinal changes in isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength in adolescent soccer players. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:453-456. [PMID: 30380339 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1521470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to model the longitudinal development of knee extension (KE) and flexion (KF) strength in adolescent soccer players. A mixed-longitudinal sample composed of 67 soccer players aged 11.0-13.9 years at baseline was followed on three-to-five occasions over 5 years. Stature, body mass and several skinfold thicknesses were measured. Fat mass was estimated from skinfolds and fat-free mass (FFM) derived. Skeletal age was estimated with the TW2-RUS protocol. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to obtain peak torque of KE and KF from concentric assessments at an angular velocity of 180°/s. Multilevel random effects regression analyses were performed. Among youth soccer players aged 11-16 years, isokinetic strength of the knee muscle groups was reasonably predicted from chronological age (CA), stature and FFM: KE = -66.170 + 5.353 × (CA) + 0.594 × (CA2) + 0.552 × (stature) + 1.414 × (FFM), and KF = -9.356 + 2.708 × (CA) + 1.552 × (FFM). In conclusion, CA per se accounted for annual increments of 5.4 Nm in KE and 2.7 Nm in KF.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Duarte
- a Research Unity for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2016) , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,c Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/101083/2014) , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - João Valente-Dos-Santos
- a Research Unity for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2016) , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/100470/2014) , Lisbon , Portugal.,e Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Daniela Costa
- a Research Unity for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2016) , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva
- a Research Unity for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2016) , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,b Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Dieter Deprez
- f Club Brugge Koninklijke Club Brugge KV , Brugge , Belgium
| | | | - Matthieu Lenoir
- g Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Roel Vaeyens
- f Club Brugge Koninklijke Club Brugge KV , Brugge , Belgium.,g Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Robert M Malina
- h Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , University of Texas , Austin , TX , USA
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Teixeira AS, Guglielmo LGA, Fernandes-da-Silva J, Konarski JM, Costa D, Duarte JP, Conde J, Valente-dos-Santos J, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Malina RM. Skeletal maturity and oxygen uptake in youth soccer controlling for concurrent size descriptors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205976. [PMID: 30335836 PMCID: PMC6193706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrelationships among skeletal maturity status, body size, ventilator thresholds (VT) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were considered in 47 adolescent male soccer players aged 12.5-15.4 years. Body mass, stature, and the triceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured. The latter were used to estimate fat mass and fat-free mass. Skeletal age was assessed with the Fels method. VO2peak and VO2 at the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds were determined during an incremental maximal exercise test on a motorized treadmill. Ratio standards and allometric models were used in the analysis. Scaling exponents suggested linearity for all combinations between size descriptors and physiological variables, except between log-transformed values of VT1 and body mass (mL·kg-0.801·min, 95%CI: 0.649 to 0.952). Early maturing players attained greater values than players classified as "on-time" in skeletal maturity for the three ventilatory parameters expressed in absolute terms (d ranged from 0.65 to 0.71). The differences were attenuated after normalizing for mass descriptors using ratio standards and scaled variables (d ranged from 0.00 to 0.31). The results suggested significant variability between maturity groups when moving from VT1 to maximal metabolic conditions expressed by unit of stature (VT1: t = -2.413, p = 0.02, d = 0.60; VT2: t = -2.488, p = 0.02, d = 0.65; VO2peak: t = -2.475, p = 0.02, d = 0.65). Skeletal maturity status and associated variation in overall body size affects VT1, VT2 and VO2peak. The observed scaling of ventilatory outputs for body size may be related to the better running economy and smaller body size of average maturing athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S. Teixeira
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz G. A. Guglielmo
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Juliano Fernandes-da-Silva
- Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jan M. Konarski
- Poznań University of Physical Education, Theory of the Sport Department, Poznań, Poland
| | - Daniela Costa
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P. Duarte
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/101083/2014), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Conde
- School of Health and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BPD/100470/2014), Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva
- CIDAF (uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert M. Malina
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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12
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Chagas DV, Ozmun J, Batista LA. The relationships between gross motor coordination and sport-specific skills in adolescent non-athletes. HUMAN MOVEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/humo-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose. While the usefulness of gross motor coordination score as predictor of sports performance in young athletes has been demonstrated, practical applications in the settings where the focus is not on elite performance is limited. Further, little is known about the extent to which gross motor coordination score is associated with sport-specific skills among adolescent nonathletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between the degree of gross motor coordination and execution in specific volleyball tests among adolescent non-athletes. Methods. The total of 34 students (27 females and 7 males) aged 13-14 years who regularly participated in volleyball during physical education classes were randomly recruited. Gross motor coordination was assessed with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Motor performance on volley-specific skills was indicated by two product-oriented tasks: volleyball under service and service reception. Correlation and linear regression analyses were applied to examine the associations between motor coordination scores and motor performance in volley-specific skills. Results. Motor coordination score was positively correlated with motor performance on specific skills (r = 0.503, p = 0.02). Linear regression analysis revealed that motor coordination score accounted for 23% of the variance in the motor performance on volleyball skills (R
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13
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Fransen J, Bennett KJ, Woods CT, French-Collier N, Deprez D, Vaeyens R, Lenoir M. Modelling age-related changes in motor competence and physical fitness in high-level youth soccer players: implications for talent identification and development. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1366039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Job Fransen
- Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, Australia
| | - Kyle J.M Bennett
- Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, Australia
| | - Carl T Woods
- Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Dieter Deprez
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roel Vaeyens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Schorer J, Rienhoff R, Fischer L, Baker J. Long-Term Prognostic Validity of Talent Selections: Comparing National and Regional Coaches, Laypersons and Novices. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1146. [PMID: 28744238 PMCID: PMC5504223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In most sports, the development of elite athletes is a long-term process of talent identification and support. Typically, talent selection systems administer a multi-faceted strategy including national coach observations and varying physical and psychological tests when deciding who is chosen for talent development. The aim of this exploratory study was to evaluate the prognostic validity of talent selections by varying groups 10 years after they had been conducted. This study used a unique, multi-phased approach. Phase 1 involved players (n = 68) in 2001 completing a battery of general and sport-specific tests of handball ‘talent’ and performance. In Phase 2, national and regional coaches (n = 7) in 2001 who attended training camps identified the most talented players. In Phase 3, current novice and advanced handball players (n = 12 in each group) selected the most talented from short videos of matches played during the talent camp. Analyses compared predictions among all groups with a best model-fit derived from the motor tests. Results revealed little difference between regional and national coaches in the prediction of future performance and little difference in forecasting performance between novices and players. The best model-fit regression by the motor-tests outperformed all predictions. While several limitations are discussed, this study is a useful starting point for future investigations considering athlete selection decisions in talent identification in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schorer
- Institute of Sport Science, University of OldenburgOldenburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rienhoff
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Lennart Fischer
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of MünsterMünster, Germany
| | - Joseph Baker
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, TorontoON, Canada
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15
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Carvalho HM, Gonçalves CE, Collins D, Paes RR. Growth, functional capacities and motivation for achievement and competitiveness in youth basketball: an interdisciplinary approach. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:742-748. [PMID: 28604286 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1340654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of multiple influences on the path to sport success is not yet fully understood by sport scientists. In this study, we examined variation in body size, functional capacities and motivation for achievement, competitiveness and deliberate practice of youth basketball players associated with differences in biological maturity status, chronological age and years of training experience. Reflecting the importance of interactive effects, we examined the relationships between the psychological variables and functional capacities. Fifty-eight male basketball players aged 9.5 to 15.5 years were considered. Variables included chronological age, estimated age at peak height velocity, stature, body mass and sitting height by anthropometry; the Work and Family Orientation and Deliberate Practice Motivation Questionnaires were also used. Finally, the Line Drill test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) tests were used as functional capacities indicators for basketball. Variance components models derived from series of multilevel linear regression models revealed a substantial variation by maturity status for body size, functional capacities indicators, mastery and will to excel. The influence of estimated maturity status on mastery and will to excel was independent of age and years of experience. In contrast, no relationships were observed between psychological variables and functional capacities indicators. We conclude that growth-related changes are relevant to understanding players´ motivations for achievement, competitiveness and deliberate practice. This should be of interest to those involved in the selection and development of youth basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Moreira Carvalho
- a Faculty Physical Education , University of Campinas , Campinas/São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Physical Education , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis/Santa Catarina , Brazil
| | - Carlos E Gonçalves
- c Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Dave Collins
- d Institute for Coaching and Performance , University of Central Lancashire , Preston , United Kingdom
| | - Roberto R Paes
- a Faculty Physical Education , University of Campinas , Campinas/São Paulo , Brazil
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Rebelo-Gonçalves R, Coelho-e-Silva MJ, Valente-dos-Santos J, Tessitore A, Figueiredo AJ. Longitudinal study of aerobic performance and soccer-specific skills in male goalkeepers aged 11–18 years. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1252848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Tessitore
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy
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17
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Roe M, Malone S. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Performance in Subelite Gaelic Football Players From Under Thirteen to Senior Age Groups. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:3187-3193. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fernandes-da-Silva J, Castagna C, Teixeira AS, Carminatti LJ, Guglielmo LGA. The peak velocity derived from the Carminatti Test is related to physical match performance in young soccer players. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:2238-2245. [PMID: 27687493 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1209307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the peak velocity derived from the Carminatti Test (T-CAR) (PVT-CAR) and physical match performance in young soccer players. Thirty-three youth soccer players were recruited from 2 non-professional clubs. Friendly matches and small-sided game were performed. Physical match demands were assessed using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. On a separate occasion, the players were submitted to the T-CAR. Players were categorised into 3 groups based on their T-CAR performance: Low (PVT-CAR ≤ P33), Intermediate (P33 > PVT-CAR < P66) and High (PVT-CAR ≥ P66). The PVT-CAR (15.5 ± 0.7 km·h-1) was significantly related to high-intensity activities (HIA; r = 0.78, P < 0.001), high-intensity running (HIR; r = 0.66, P < 0.001), sprinting (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and total distance (TD) covered (r = 0.47, P < 0.01) during friendly matches. The PVT-CAR was strongly correlated with the amount of HIA (r = 0.81, P < 0.001), HIR (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) and TD covered (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) during small-sided game. No significant correlation was observed between the PVT-CAR and distance of sprinting (r = 0.49, P = 0.067) during small-side game. Furthermore, players in the High group covered significantly more TD (10%) and did more HIA (42%), sprinting (31%) and HIR (25%) during friendly matches compared to the players classified as having Low performance on the T-CAR. These differences still remained after adjusting for chronological age (CA), maturity and body size. In conclusion, the current study gives empirical support to the ecological and construct validity of this novel field test (T-CAR) as an indicator of match-related physical performance in young soccer players during pubertal years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Fernandes-da-Silva
- a Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal , Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil.,b Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - Carlo Castagna
- c Football Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Technical Department , Italian Football Federation (FIGC) , Coverciano , Florence , Italy
| | - Anderson Santiago Teixeira
- a Research Group for Development of Football and Futsal , Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil.,b Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - Lorival José Carminatti
- b Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Brazil.,d Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Science, Santa Catarina State University (CEFID/UDESC), Florianópolis , Santa Catarina , Brazil
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Luz LGO, Cumming SP, Duarte JP, Valente-dos-Santos J, Almeida MJ, Machado-Rodrigues A, Padez C, Carmo BCM, Santos R, Seabra A, Coelho-E-Silva MJ. Independent and Combined Effects of Sex and Biological Maturation on Motor Coordination and Performance in Prepubertal Children. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 122:610-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512516637733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences and maturation-associated variation in fitness and motor coordination were examined in children aged 8–9 years ( n = 128, 67 girls). Assessments included stature and body mass, two-component body composition, percentage of predicted adult stature (as an index of biological maturation), and motor performance and coordination (Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder). Compared to girls, boys were less advanced in maturation status, possessed larger fat mass, demonstrated superior performances in six tests of fitness, and obtained one superior score on the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. After controlling for somatic maturation, sex differences persisted in the two multivariate domains: motor performance and motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rute Santos
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia; CIAFEL, University of Porto, Portugal
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