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Ahmetov II, John G, Semenova EA, Hall ECR. Genomic predictors of physical activity and athletic performance. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:311-408. [PMID: 38908902 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity and athletic performance are complex phenotypes influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Recent advances in lifestyle and behavioral genomics led to the discovery of dozens of DNA polymorphisms (variants) associated with physical activity and allowed to use them as genetic instruments in Mendelian randomization studies for identifying the causal links between physical activity and health outcomes. On the other hand, exercise and sports genomics studies are focused on the search for genetic variants associated with athlete status, sports injuries and individual responses to training and supplement use. In this review, the findings of studies investigating genetic markers and their associations with physical activity and athlete status are reported. As of the end of September 2023, a total of 149 variants have been associated with various physical activity traits (of which 42 variants are genome-wide significant) and 253 variants have been linked to athlete status (115 endurance-related, 96 power-related, and 42 strength-related).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildus I Ahmetov
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia; Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
| | - George John
- Transform Specialist Medical Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia; Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elliott C R Hall
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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Alakhdar Y, Cook J, Gallego D, Querol F, Chulvi-Medrano I, Alberola A, Hernández-Sánchez S. Association Between COL5a1, COL11a1, and COL11a2 Gene Variations and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy in Young Athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:e152-e156. [PMID: 34009784 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tendinopathy is a prevalent condition in young athletes and in older nonathletic people. Recent tendinopathy research has shown a growing interest in the role played by genetic factors, basically genes involved in collagen synthesis and regulation, in view of collagen disorganization typically present in tendon pathologies. DESIGN A case-control, genotype-phenotype association study. SETTING La Ribera Hospital, Valencia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS A group of 137 young athletes (49 with rotator cuff tendon pathology and 88 healthy counterparts) who played upper-limb-loading sports were clinically and ultrasound (US) assessed for rotator cuff tendinopathy were included. INTERVENTION Genetic analysis was performed to determine whether there was a relationship between rotator cuff pathology and the genotype. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We hypothesized that the following single nucleotide polymorphisms: COL5a1 rs12722, COL11a1 rs3753841, COL11a1 rs1676486, and COL11a2 rs1799907 would be associated with rotator cuff tendinopathy. RESULTS A direct relationship between CC genotype and bilateral US pathological images was statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.0051) and confirmed by the Fisher test, with a correlation coefficient of 0.345 and a Cramer's v of 0.26. CONCLUSION A significant association was found between COL5a1 rs12722 genotype and rotator cuff pathology, with the CC genotype conferring increased risk of tendon abnormalities and being associated with rotator cuff pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Alakhdar
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jill Cook
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Gallego
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, European University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Querol
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Physical and Sports Education Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Alberola
- Department of Physiology, University de Valencia, Valencia, Spain ; and
| | - Sergio Hernández-Sánchez
- Center for Translational Research in Physiotherapy, Department of Pathology and Surgery, Physiotherapy Area, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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Semenova EA, Hall ECR, Ahmetov II. Genes and Athletic Performance: The 2023 Update. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1235. [PMID: 37372415 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes of athletic performance and exercise capacity are complex traits influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This update on the panel of genetic markers (DNA polymorphisms) associated with athlete status summarises recent advances in sports genomics research, including findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association (GWAS) studies, meta-analyses, and findings involving larger-scale initiatives such as the UK Biobank. As of the end of May 2023, a total of 251 DNA polymorphisms have been associated with athlete status, of which 128 genetic markers were positively associated with athlete status in at least two studies (41 endurance-related, 45 power-related, and 42 strength-related). The most promising genetic markers include the AMPD1 rs17602729 C, CDKN1A rs236448 A, HFE rs1799945 G, MYBPC3 rs1052373 G, NFIA-AS2 rs1572312 C, PPARA rs4253778 G, and PPARGC1A rs8192678 G alleles for endurance; ACTN3 rs1815739 C, AMPD1 rs17602729 C, CDKN1A rs236448 C, CPNE5 rs3213537 G, GALNTL6 rs558129 T, IGF2 rs680 G, IGSF3 rs699785 A, NOS3 rs2070744 T, and TRHR rs7832552 T alleles for power; and ACTN3 rs1815739 C, AR ≥21 CAG repeats, LRPPRC rs10186876 A, MMS22L rs9320823 T, PHACTR1 rs6905419 C, and PPARG rs1801282 G alleles for strength. It should be appreciated, however, that elite performance still cannot be predicted well using only genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Semenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sport, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420138 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elliott C R Hall
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4UA, UK
| | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, 191040 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physical Education, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115093 Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5AF, UK
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Dines HR, Nixon J, Lockey SJ, Herbert AJ, Kipps C, Pedlar CR, Day SH, Heffernan SM, Antrobus MR, Brazier J, Erskine RM, Stebbings GK, Hall ECR, Williams AG. Collagen Gene Polymorphisms Previously Associated with Resistance to Soft-Tissue Injury Are More Common in Competitive Runners Than Nonathletes. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:799-805. [PMID: 36763468 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dines, HR, Nixon, J, Lockey, SJ, Herbert, AJ, Kipps, C, Pedlar, CR, Day, SH, Heffernan, SM, Antrobus, MR, Brazier, J, Erskine, RM, Stebbings, GK, Hall, ECR, and Williams, AG. Collagen gene polymorphisms previously associated with resistance to soft-tissue injury are more common in competitive runners than nonathletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(4): 799-805, 2023-Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of collagen genes have been associated with soft-tissue injury and running performance. However, their combined contribution to running performance is unknown. We investigated the association of 2 collagen gene SNPs with athlete status and performance in 1,429 Caucasian subjects, including 597 competitive runners (354 men and 243 women) and 832 nonathletes (490 men and 342 women). Genotyping for COL1A1 rs1800012 (C > A) and COL5A1 rs12722 (C > T) SNPs was performed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The numbers of "injury-resistant" alleles from each SNP, based on previous literature (rs1800012 A allele and rs12722 C allele), were combined as an injury-resistance score (RScore, 0-4; higher scores indicate injury resistance). Genotype frequencies, individually and combined as an RScore, were compared between cohorts and investigated for associations with performance using official race times. Runners had 1.34 times greater odds of being rs12722 CC homozygotes than nonathletes (19.7% vs. 15.5%, p = 0.020) with no difference in the rs1800012 genotype distribution ( p = 0.659). Fewer runners had an RScore 0 of (18.5% vs. 24.7%) and more had an RScore of 4 (0.6% vs. 0.3%) than nonathletes ( p < 0.001). Competitive performance was not associated with the COL1A1 genotype ( p = 0.933), COL5A1 genotype ( p = 0.613), or RScore ( p = 0.477). Although not associated directly with running performance among competitive runners, a higher combined frequency of injury-resistant COL1A1 rs1800012 A and COL5A1 rs12722 C alleles in competitive runners than nonathletes suggests these SNPs may be advantageous through a mechanism that supports, but does not directly enhance, running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Dines
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Nixon
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lockey
- School of Medicine, Facutly of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Department of Sport and Exercise, Research Center for Life and Sport Sciences (CLaSS), School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney Kipps
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Pedlar
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Antrobus
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Brazier
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom ; and
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina K Stebbings
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elliott C R Hall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alun G Williams
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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Zani ALS, Gouveia MH, Aquino MM, Quevedo R, Menezes RL, Rotimi C, Lwande GO, Ouma C, Mekonnen E, Fagundes NJR. Genetic differentiation in East African ethnicities and its relationship with endurance running success. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265625. [PMID: 35588128 PMCID: PMC9119534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1960s, East African athletes, mainly from Kenya and Ethiopia, have dominated long-distance running events in both the male and female categories. Further demographic studies have shown that two ethnic groups are overrepresented among elite endurance runners in each of these countries: the Kalenjin, from Kenya, and the Oromo, from Ethiopia, raising the possibility that this dominance results from genetic or/and cultural factors. However, looking at the life history of these athletes or at loci previously associated with endurance athletic performance, no compelling explanation has emerged. Here, we used a population approach to identify peaks of genetic differentiation for these two ethnicities and compared the list of genes close to these regions with a list, manually curated by us, of genes that have been associated with traits possibly relevant to endurance running in GWAS studies, and found a significant enrichment in both populations (Kalenjin, P = 0.048, and Oromo, P = 1.6x10-5). Those traits are mainly related to anthropometry, circulatory and respiratory systems, energy metabolism, and calcium homeostasis. Our results reinforce the notion that endurance running is a systemic activity with a complex genetic architecture, and indicate new candidate genes for future studies. Finally, we argue that a deterministic relationship between genetics and sports must be avoided, as it is both scientifically incorrect and prone to reinforcing population (racial) stereotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L. S. Zani
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus H. Gouveia
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marla M. Aquino
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Quevedo
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo L. Menezes
- School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gerald O. Lwande
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Ephrem Mekonnen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nelson J. R. Fagundes
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sports genomics is the scientific discipline that focuses on the organization and function of the genome in elite athletes, and aims to develop molecular methods for talent identification, personalized exercise training, nutritional need and prevention of exercise-related diseases. It postulates that both genetic and environmental factors play a key role in athletic performance and related phenotypes. This update on the panel of genetic markers (DNA polymorphisms) associated with athlete status and soft-tissue injuries covers advances in research reported in recent years, including one whole genome sequencing (WGS) and four genome-wide association (GWAS) studies, as well as findings from collaborative projects and meta-analyses. At end of 2020, the total number of DNA polymorphisms associated with athlete status was 220, of which 97 markers have been found significant in at least two studies (35 endurance-related, 24 power-related, and 38 strength-related). Furthermore, 29 genetic markers have been linked to soft-tissue injuries in at least two studies. The most promising genetic markers include HFE rs1799945, MYBPC3 rs1052373, NFIA-AS2 rs1572312, PPARA rs4253778, and PPARGC1A rs8192678 for endurance; ACTN3 rs1815739, AMPD1 rs17602729, CPNE5 rs3213537, CKM rs8111989, and NOS3 rs2070744 for power; LRPPRC rs10186876, MMS22L rs9320823, PHACTR1 rs6905419, and PPARG rs1801282 for strength; and COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, COL12A1 rs970547, MMP1 rs1799750, MMP3 rs679620, and TIMP2 rs4789932 for soft-tissue injuries. It should be appreciated, however, that hundreds and even thousands of DNA polymorphisms are needed for the prediction of athletic performance and injury risk.
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Association of rs12722 COL5A1 with pulmonary tuberculosis: a preliminary case-control study in a Kazakhstani population. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:691-699. [PMID: 33409715 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cavitation is the classic hallmark of TB, which facilitates the disease development and transmission. It involves the degradation of lung parenchyma which is mainly made up of collagen fibers by metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by activated monocyte-derived cells, neutrophils and stromal cells. The following population-based preliminary case-control study of adults with TB (50) and controls (112) without TB was used to investigate possible association between rs1800012 in COL1A1, rs12722 in COL5A1 genes and pulmonary TB in Kazakhstan. We examined 162 samples (50 cases and 112 controls) to study the associations between TB disease status and demographic variables along with single nucleotide polymorphisms related to COLA1 and COL5A1. The unadjusted χ2 and multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out relationships between SNP and other predictors. Preliminary findings suggest that there is a statistically significant association of age (AOR = 0.97, 95% CI:0.94-0.99, p value = 0.049), social status (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI:1.16-5.02, p value = 0.018), HIV status (AOR = 7.12, 95% CI:1.90-26.7, p value = 0.004) and heterozygous rs12722 SNP (AOR = 2.47, 95% CI:1.17-5.19, p value = 0.018) polymorphism of COL5A1 gene with TB susceptibility. The association of collagen genes with TB pathogenesis indicates that anti TB programs can include development of new drug regimens that include MMP inhibitors which has been found to be helpful in collagen remodeling and repair. Therapeutic targeting of MMPs will prevent extracellular matrix and collagen degradation and granuloma maturation.
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Naureen Z, Perrone M, Paolacci S, Maltese PE, Dhuli K, Kurti D, Dautaj A, Miotto R, Casadei A, Fioretti B, Beccari T, Romeo F, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the personalization of sport training. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020012. [PMID: 33170162 PMCID: PMC8023127 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants may contribute to confer elite athlete status. However, this does not mean that a person with favourable genetic traits would become a champion because multiple genetic interactions and epigenetic contributions coupled with confounding environmental factors shape the overall phenotype. This opens up a new area in sports genetics with respect to commercial genetic testing. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms linked to sport performance would provide insights into the potential of becoming an elite endurance or power performer. This mini-review aims to highlight genetic interactions that are associated with performance phenotypes and their potentials to be used as markers for talent identification and trainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Marco Perrone
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
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de la Iglesia R, Espinosa-Salinas I, Lopez-Silvarrey FJ, Ramos-Alvarez JJ, Segovia JC, Colmenarejo G, Borregon-Rivilla E, Marcos-Pasero H, Aguilar-Aguilar E, Loria-Kohen V, Reglero G, Ramirez-de Molina A. A Potential Endurance Algorithm Prediction in the Field of Sports Performance. Front Genet 2020; 11:711. [PMID: 32849773 PMCID: PMC7431952 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport performance is influenced by several factors, including genetic susceptibility. In the past years, specific single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated to sport performance; however, these effects should be considered in multivariable prediction systems since they are related to a polygenic inheritance. The aim of this study was to design a genetic endurance prediction score (GES) of endurance performance and analyze its association with anthropometric, nutritional and sport efficiency variables in a cross-sectional study within fifteen male cyclists. A statistically significant positive relationship between GES and the VO2 maximum (P = 0.033), VO2 VT1 (P = 0.049) and VO2 VT2 (P < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, additional remarkable associations between genotype and the anthropometric, nutritional and sport performance variables, were achieved. In addition, an interesting link between the habit of consuming caffeinated beverages and the GES was observed. The outcomes of the present study indicate a potential use of this genetic prediction algorithm in the sports' field, which may facilitate the finding of genetically talented athletes, improve their training and food habits, as well as help in the improvement of physical conditions of amateurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio de la Iglesia
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Isabel Espinosa-Salinas
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Lopez-Silvarrey
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain.,Sannus Clinic, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Jose Ramos-Alvarez
- Departamento de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Segovia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain.,Sannus Clinic, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Colmenarejo
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA Food CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Borregon-Rivilla
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Marcos-Pasero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Aguilar-Aguilar
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramirez-de Molina
- Nutrition and Clinical Trials Unit, GENYAL Platform IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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What are the Limiting Factors During an Ultra-Marathon? A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature. J Hum Kinet 2020; 72:129-139. [PMID: 32269654 PMCID: PMC7126261 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to analyse factors that limited performance in ultra-marathons and mountain ultra-marathons. A literature search in one database (PubMed) was conducted in February 2019. Quality of information of the articles was evaluated using the Oxford´s level of evidence and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The search strategy yielded 111 total citations from which 23 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty one of the 23 included studies had a level of evidence 2b (individual cohort study), while the 2 remaining studies had a level of evidence of 5 (expert opinion). Also, the mean score in the PEDro scale was 3.65 ± 1.61, with values ranging from 0 to 7. Participants were characterised as experienced or well-trained athletes in all of the studies. The total number of participants was 1002 (893 men, 86 women and 23 unknown). The findings of this review suggest that fatigue in ultra-endurance events is a multifactorial phenomenon that includes physiological, neuromuscular, biomechanical and cognitive factors. Improved exercise performance during ultra-endurance events seems to be related to higher VO2max values and maximal aerobic speed (especially during submaximal efforts sustained over a long time), lower oxygen cost of transport and greater running experience.
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11
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Nikolaidis PT, Del Coso J, Rosemann T, Knechtle B. Muscle Strength and Flexibility in Male Marathon Runners: The Role of Age, Running Speed and Anthropometry. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1301. [PMID: 31681011 PMCID: PMC6805725 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on marathon runners have focused on physiological parameters determining performance, whereas neuromuscular aspects, such as muscle strength and flexibility, have received less attention. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of age, body composition, and running speed with muscle strength and flexibility of recreational marathon runners. Male marathon runners (n = 130, age 44.1 ± 8.6 years, height 176 ± 6 cm, body mass 77 ± 9 body mass index 24.7 ± 2.6 kg.m-2, and race speed 10.29 ± 1.87 km/h) were separated into eight age groups (<30, 30-35, 55-60, >60 years). Four weeks before competing in a marathon, participants performed the sit-and-reach test (SAR), squat jumps (SJ), and countermovement jumps (CMJ), and four isometric muscle strength tests (right and left handgrip, lifting with knees extended and flexed), providing an index of overall isometric muscle strength in absolute (kg) relative to body mass values (kg.kg-1 body mass). Afterward, participants competed and finished the Athens Classic Marathon (2017), and race speed was used as an index of running performance. As an average for the whole sample, SAR was 17.6 ± 8.5 cm, SJ was 24.3 ± 4.2 cm, CMJ was 25.8 ± 4.8 cm, overall isometric muscle strength was 386 ± 59 kg in absolute values and 5.06 ± 0.78 kg/kg of body mass in relative terms. The older age groups had the lowest scores in SJ (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.298) and CMJ (p < 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.304), whereas no age-related difference in SAR (p = 0.908, ηp 2 = 0.022), absolute (p = 0.622, ηp 2 = 0.042) and relative isometric muscle strength (p = 0.435, ηp 2 = 0.055) was shown. Race speed correlated moderately with relative isometric strength (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), but not with the other neuromuscular measures (r < 0.13,p > 0.130). In summary, age-related differences were shown in jumping ability, but not in flexibility and isometric muscle strength. Although these parameters - except relative strength - did not relate to running speed, they were components of health-related physical fitness. Consequently, coaches and runners should consider exercises that include stretching and strengthening in their weekly program to ensure adequate levels for all components of health-related physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Nikaia, Greece.,School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Rosemann
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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12
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Chiu YH, Lai JI, Tseng CY, Wang SH, Li LH, Kao WF, How CK, Chang WH, Hsieh CY. Impact of angiotension I converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism on running performance, lipid, and biochemical parameters in ultra-marathoners. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16476. [PMID: 31335708 PMCID: PMC6709287 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The insertion (I) or deletion (D) polymorphism in the angiotension I converting enzyme gene, (ACE I/D, rs1799752) is associated with human exercise endurance and performance. However, most of the aforementioned studies focus on marathons, swimming, and triathlons, while the ACE polymorphism in ultra-marathoners has not yet been reported. We studied the impact of ACE I/D polymorphism in ultra-marathoners and investigated its relationship with lipid profiles, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in runners before and after ultra-marathon racing.This observational study used data from a 100-km ultra-marathon in Taipei, Taiwan. Twenty-four male participants were analyzed for their ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism, lipid profiles, hs-CRP, IL-6 in serum immediately before and after ultra-marathon running.In our 24 subjects analyzed, 7, 14, and 3 subjects were of I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes, respectively. Runners with the D polymorphism (I/D and D/D) showed a trend of better performance in the 100-km ultra-marathon (measured by completion time in minutes, P = .036). In this group, the previous best marathon performance was also significantly better than the I/I group (P = .047). After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), the difference in performance was not significant. Ketone levels, IL-6, and hs-CRP levels were highly increased at immediately and 24-hour post-race. No correlation was found between different ACE polymorphisms and common biochemical parameters examined.We report the first study in the impact of the ACE I/D (rs1799752) on ultra-marathoners. Presence of the D polymorphism in ACE gene is associated with better performance, although the BMI of the runners contribute as a major factor. There was no difference in the biochemical or lipid parameters measured among different ACE polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Chiu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City
| | - Jiun-I Lai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Chia-Ying Tseng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Shih-Hao Wang
- Department of Recreation and Leisure Industry Management, College of Management, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dali Tzu Chi Hospital, Chiayi
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University
| | - Wei-Fong Kao
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital
| | - Chorng-Kuang How
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City
| | - Chin-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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13
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Antero J, Saulière G, Marck A, Toussaint JF. A Medal in the Olympics Runs in the Family: A Cohort Study of Performance Heritability in the Games History. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1313. [PMID: 30283357 PMCID: PMC6157334 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Elite performance in sports is known to be influenced by heritable components, but the magnitude of such an influence has never been quantified. Hypothesis/Objectives: We hypothesized that having a former world-class champion in the family increases the chances of an athlete to repeat the achievement of her or his kinship. We aimed to measure the heritability of a medal in the Olympic Games (OG) among Olympians and to estimate the percentage of the genetic contribution to such a heritance. Study Design: Twin-family study of a retrospective cohort. Methods: All the 125,051 worldwide athletes that have participated in the OG between 1896 and 2012 were included. The expected probability to win a medal in the OG was defined as the frequency of medallists among Olympians without any blood kinship in the OG. This expected probability was compared with the probability to win a medal for Olympians having a kinship (grandparent, aunt/uncle, parent, or siblings) with a former Olympian that was a (1) non-medallist or (2) medallist. The heritability of the genetically determined phenotype (h2) was assessed by probandwise concordance rates among dizygotic (DZ) and monozygotic (MZ) twins (n = 90). Results: The expected probability to win a medal in the OG was 20.4%. No significant difference of medal probability was found in the subgroups of Olympians with a Non-medallist kinship, except among siblings for whom this probability was lower: 13.3% (95% CI 11.2–14.8). The medal probability was significantly greater among Olympians having a kinship with a former Olympic Medallist: 44.4% for niece/nephew (33.7–54.2); 43.4% for offspring (37.4–48.6); 64.8% for siblings (61.2–68.8); 75.5% for DZ twins (63.3–86.6); and 85.7% for MZ twins (63.6–96.9); with significantly greater concordance between MZ than DZ (p = 0.01) and h2 estimated at 20.5%. Conclusion: Having a kinship with a former Olympic medallist is associated with a greater probability for an Olympian to also become a medallist, the closer an athlete is genetically to such kinship the greater this probability. Once in the OG, the genetic contribution to win a medal is estimated to be 20.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Antero
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Saulière
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche bioMédicale et d'Epidémiologie du Sport, Institut National du Sport de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Paris, France.,EA 7329, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique, Hopitaux De Paris, Paris, France
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14
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Lulińska-Kuklik E, Rahim M, Domańska-Senderowska D, Ficek K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Moska W, Kaczmarczyk M, Brzeziański M, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Cięszczyk P, September AV. Interactions between COL5A1 Gene and Risk of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture. J Hum Kinet 2018; 62:65-71. [PMID: 29922378 PMCID: PMC6006531 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain, encoded by the COL5A1 gene, plays a crucial role in abundant fibrillar collagens supporting many tissues in the body containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the association between heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen occurring among others in muscles, tendons and ligaments. Taking this fact into consideration we decided to examine the association between COL5A1 rs12722 and rs13946 polymorphisms, individually and as inferred haplotypes, with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk (ACLR) in professional soccer players. A total of 134 male professional soccer players with surgically diagnosed primary anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and 211 apparently healthy male professional soccer players, who were without any self-reported history of ligament or tendon injury, were included in the study. Both the cases and the healthy controls were recruited from the same soccer teams, of a similar age category, and had a comparable level of exposure to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells using GenElute Mammalian Genomic DNA MiniprepKit. All samples were genotyped for the rs12722 and rs13946 polymorphisms using a Rotor-Gene realtime polymerase chain reaction. Statistically significant differences in the genotype frequencies for the COL5A1 rs13946 polymorphisms in dominant modes of inheritance occurred (p = 0.039). Statistically significant differences were documented only in the dominant model under the representation tendency of the C-C haplotype in the ACLR group compared to controls (p = 0.038). Our results suggest that variation in the COL5A1 gene may be one of the non-modifiable factors associated with the ACL injury in professional soccer players. The C-C rs12722-rs13946 haplotype provides a protective effect against the ACL tear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Masouda Rahim
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daria Domańska-Senderowska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Galen-Orthopaedics, Bierun, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Moska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.,Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziański
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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McCabe K, Collins C. Can Genetics Predict Sports Injury? The Association of the Genes GDF5, AMPD1, COL5A1 and IGF2 on Soccer Player Injury Occurrence. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:sports6010021. [PMID: 29910325 PMCID: PMC5969195 DOI: 10.3390/sports6010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics plays an integral role in athletic performance and is increasingly becoming recognised as an important risk factor for injury. Ankle and knee injuries are the most common injuries sustained by soccer players. Often these injuries result in players missing training and matches, which can incur significant costs to clubs. This study aimed to identify genotypes associated with ankle and knee injuries in soccer players and how these impacted the number of matches played. 289 soccer players, including 46 professional, 98 semi-professional and 145 amateur players, were genetically tested. Ankle and knee injuries and the number of matches played were recorded during the 2014/15 season. Four genes were assessed in relation to injury. Genotypes found to be associated with injury included the TT (nucleobase) genotype of the GDF5 gene, TT and CT (nucleobase) genotypes of AMPD1 gene, TT genotype of COL5A1 and GG (nucleobase) genotype of IGF2 gene. These genes were also associated with a decrease in the number of matches played.
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16
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Huang Y, Tao Y, Li X, Chang S, Jiang B, Li F, Wang ZM. Bioinformatics analysis of key genes and latent pathway interactions based on the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma gene expression profile. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:167-176. [PMID: 28428828 PMCID: PMC5396846 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an aggressive malignant disease in older adults
with a high mortality rate. The present study aimed to examine several key genes and
pathways, which are associated with ATC. The GSE33630 gene expression profile was
downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 11 ATC and 45
normal thyroid samples. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ATC were
identified using the Limma package in R. The Gene Ontology functions and Kyoto
Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of the selected DEGs were enriched using
the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A
protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed to select
significant modules. Furthermore, a latent pathway interactive network was
constructed to select the significant pathways associated with ATC. A total of 665
DEGs in the ATC samples were screened, and four significant modules were selected
from the PPI network. The DEGs in the four modules were enriched in several functions
and pathways. In addition, 29 significant pathways associated with ATC were selected,
and he Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, extracellular matrix
(ECM)-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine interaction pathway were identified
as important pathways. FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS),
chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10 (CXCL10), collagen type V α1 (COL5A1) and
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 28 (CCL28) were the key DEGs involved in these
significant pathways. The data obtained in the present study revealed that the TLR
signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine receptor
interaction pathway, and the FOS, CXCL10, COL5A1, COL11A1 and CCL28 genes have
different roles in the progression of ATC, and these may be used as therapeutic
targets for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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17
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Caso E, Maestro A, Sabiers CC, Godino M, Caracuel Z, Pons J, Gonzalez FJ, Bautista R, Claros MG, Caso-Onzain J, Viejo-Allende E, Giannoudis PV, Alvarez S, Maietta P, Guerado E. Whole-exome sequencing analysis in twin sibling males with an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Injury 2016; 47 Suppl 3:S41-S50. [PMID: 27692106 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(16)30605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Familial predisposition is among the major genetic risk factors for non-contact musculoskeletal tissue injuries. Personal genome sequence shows that different polymorphism profiles may account for the number and the degree of injuries and the recovery time. Genotyping studies allow investigation into genome factors with potential impact on pathogenesis of non-contact ligament injuries. We have studied a family with twin sibling males surgically diagnosed of an anterior cruciate ligament non-contact rupture and non-affected progenitors (father and mother) were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis. WES analysis previously carried out on 16 individuals, without ACL injury medical records, were also included in this study for single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions detection (indels), variant filtering and to prioritize variants relative to the disease. WES analysis to identify SNVs and indels was performed using open web-based bioinformatics tools. A set of 11 new variants shared by family members can be associated to ACL non-contact injury, including SerpinA11, ARSI, NOCHT4, EPB41, FDFT1, POMC, KIF26A, OLFML2B, ATG7, FAH and WDR6. All of them, except ATG7 and WDR6, have shown a damaging predictive pattern by combinatorial standard predictive scores. In combination to the identified SNVs of EPB41 and SerpinA11 genes, ACTL7A gene showed a predicted deleterious variant reinforcing the idea these variants impact on of fibroblast-like cells deformability and ECM misbalance, Differential gene expression and RNA sequencing analysis will help to understand the combined participation of these protein coding genes in ACL non-contact injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Caso
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio Maestro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, FREMAP, Gijon, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina C Sabiers
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Godino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Zaira Caracuel
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Joana Pons
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - F Jesus Gonzalez
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rocio Bautista
- Supercomputing and Bioinnovating Centre (SCBI), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Supercomputing and Bioinnovating Centre (SCBI), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jaime Caso-Onzain
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Elena Viejo-Allende
- Research & Development Unit, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - Enrique Guerado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Marbella, Malaga, Spain
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18
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Jones N, Kiely J, Suraci B, Collins DJ, de Lorenzo D, Pickering C, Grimaldi KA. A genetic-based algorithm for personalized resistance training. Biol Sport 2016; 33:117-26. [PMID: 27274104 PMCID: PMC4885623 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1198210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Association studies have identified dozens of genetic variants linked to training responses and sport-related traits. However, no intervention studies utilizing the idea of personalised training based on athlete's genetic profile have been conducted. Here we propose an algorithm that allows achieving greater results in response to high- or low-intensity resistance training programs by predicting athlete's potential for the development of power and endurance qualities with the panel of 15 performance-associated gene polymorphisms. To develop and validate such an algorithm we performed two studies in independent cohorts of male athletes (study 1: athletes from different sports (n = 28); study 2: soccer players (n = 39)). In both studies athletes completed an eight-week high- or low-intensity resistance training program, which either matched or mismatched their individual genotype. Two variables of explosive power and aerobic fitness, as measured by the countermovement jump (CMJ) and aerobic 3-min cycle test (Aero3) were assessed pre and post 8 weeks of resistance training. In study 1, the athletes from the matched groups (i.e. high-intensity trained with power genotype or low-intensity trained with endurance genotype) significantly increased results in CMJ (P = 0.0005) and Aero3 (P = 0.0004). Whereas, athletes from the mismatched group (i.e. high-intensity trained with endurance genotype or low-intensity trained with power genotype) demonstrated non-significant improvements in CMJ (P = 0.175) and less prominent results in Aero3 (P = 0.0134). In study 2, soccer players from the matched group also demonstrated significantly greater (P < 0.0001) performance changes in both tests compared to the mismatched group. Among non- or low responders of both studies, 82% of athletes (both for CMJ and Aero3) were from the mismatched group (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that matching the individual's genotype with the appropriate training modality leads to more effective resistance training. The developed algorithm may be used to guide individualised resistance-training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jones
- DNA Sports Performance Ltd, Manchester, UK
| | - J Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - B Suraci
- Suraci Consultancy, Portsmouth, UK
| | - D J Collins
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - D de Lorenzo
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Estudios en Genómica y Nutrición-CESGEN, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida-PCiTAL, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Pickering
- Exercise and Nutritional Genomics Research Centre, DNAFit Ltd, London, UK
| | - K A Grimaldi
- Exercise and Nutritional Genomics Research Centre, DNAFit Ltd, London, UK
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19
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Lim ST, Kim CS, Kim WN, Min SK. The COL5A1 genotype is associated with range of motion. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015; 19:49-53. [PMID: 26244122 PMCID: PMC4523805 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15052701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to investigate the association between COL5A1 genotype and Range of Motion as measured by the passive straight leg raise (SLR) and whole body join laxity (WBJL) in Asian population. METHODS One hundred and seventy seven participants including Korean and Japanese college students (male = 109, female = 68) participated in the study. Each subject performed the passive straight leg raise and whole body join laxity test. Genotyping for the COL5A1 (rs 12722) polymorphism was performed using the TaqMan approach. The COL5A1 genotype exhibited a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium distribution in our population. RESULTS The physical parameters including height, weight, and BMI were higher in < 90° group than > 90° group. The SLR exhibited significant difference among the COL5A1 group. However, the WBJL did not differ significantly among the COL5A1 genotype, but significant difference was seen in CC genotype when compared to CT (2.99 ± 1.72) or TT (2.70 ± 1.52) genotype. CONCLUSION We concluded that COL5A1 gene polymorphism is associated with increased SLR ROM in Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Taek Lim
- College of Sport Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Nam Kim
- College of Sport Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Min
- Korea Institute of Sports Science (KISS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Sundby OH, Gorelick MLS. Relationship between functional hamstring: quadriceps ratios and running economy in highly trained and recreational female runners. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:2214-27. [PMID: 24476769 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between running economy (RE), functional hamstring:quadriceps peak torque ratios (f-H:Q), and flexibility among female runners. Seven highly trained (HT) female runners (age: 25.7 ± 4.7 years, VO2peak of 62.0 ± 4.8 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 11 recreational female runners (age of 28.8 ± 5.6 years, VO2peak of 49.2 ± 4.6 ml·kg-1·min-1) were measured for maximal aerobic power (VO2peak), RE, heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, f-H:Q (Hecc:Qcon and Hcon:Qecc), and sit-and-reach hamstring/trunk flexibility. On 2 separate days, RE was measured on a treadmill at 1% grade at 2 velocities (160.9 and 201.2 m·min-1) for 6 minutes each, and isokinetic knee strength was measured at 3 angular velocities (60, 120, and 180°·s-1) for both concentric and eccentric muscle actions. The unpaired t-tests showed a consistent trend toward higher f-H:Q ratios at all angular velocities among the HT runners. Highly trained runners had significantly higher Hecc:Qcon at 120°·s-1 (p ≤ 0.05) and 180°·s-1 (p ≤ 0.05). Whole group correlations demonstrated a significant correlation between Hcon:Qecc at 180°·s-1 and RE (ml·kg-1·km-1) at 201.2 m·min-1 (R = -0.48, p ≤ 0.05). No significant relationships were found between flexibility, or hamstring and quadriceps peak torque (N·m) and RE (p > 0.05). This cross-sectional analysis suggests that higher f-H:Q torque ratios, and not muscle strength per se, are associated with a lower metabolic cost of running. Therefore, runners should consider implementing hamstring exercises to improve their f-H:Q ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyvind H Sundby
- Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
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Abstract
Understanding the genetic architecture of athletic performance is an important step in the development of methods for talent identification in sport. Research concerned with molecular predictors has highlighted a number of potentially important DNA polymorphisms contributing to predisposition to success in certain types of sport. This review summarizes the evidence and mechanistic insights on the associations between DNA polymorphisms and athletic performance. A literature search (period: 1997-2014) revealed that at least 120 genetic markers are linked to elite athlete status (77 endurance-related genetic markers and 43 power/strength-related genetic markers). Notably, 11 (9%) of these genetic markers (endurance markers: ACE I, ACTN3 577X, PPARA rs4253778 G, PPARGC1A Gly482; power/strength markers: ACE D, ACTN3 Arg577, AMPD1 Gln12, HIF1A 582Ser, MTHFR rs1801131 C, NOS3 rs2070744 T, PPARG 12Ala) have shown positive associations with athlete status in three or more studies, and six markers (CREM rs1531550 A, DMD rs939787 T, GALNT13 rs10196189 G, NFIA-AS1 rs1572312 C, RBFOX1 rs7191721 G, TSHR rs7144481 C) were identified after performing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of African-American, Jamaican, Japanese, and Russian athletes. On the other hand, the significance of 29 (24%) markers was not replicated in at least one study. Future research including multicenter GWAS, whole-genome sequencing, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling and performing meta-analyses in large cohorts of athletes is needed before these findings can be extended to practice in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildus I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Olga N Fedotovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bertuzzi R, Pasqua LA, Bueno S, Lima-Silva AE, Matsuda M, Marquezini M, Saldiva PH. Is the COL5A1 rs12722 gene polymorphism associated with running economy? PLoS One 2014; 9:e106581. [PMID: 25188268 PMCID: PMC4154741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is considered to be a novel genetic marker for endurance running performance. It has been postulated that COL5A1 rs12722 may influence the elasticity of tendons and the energetic cost of running. To date, there are no experimental data in the literature supporting the relationship between range of motion, running economy, and the COL5A1 rs12722 gene polymorphism. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to analyze the influence of the COL5A1rs12722 polymorphism on running economy and range of motion. One hundred and fifty (n = 150) physically active young men performed the following tests: a) a maximal incremental treadmill test, b) two constant-speed running tests (10 km•h−1 and 12 km•h−1) to determine the running economy, and c) a sit-and-reach test to determine the range of motion. All of the subjects were genotyped for the COL5A1 rs12722 single-nucleotide polymorphism. The genotype frequencies were TT = 27.9%, CT = 55.8%, and CC = 16.3%. There were no significant differences between COL5A1 genotypes for running economy measured at 10 km•h−1 (p = 0.232) and 12 km•h−1 (p = 0.259). Similarly, there were no significant differences between COL5A1 genotypes for range of motion (p = 0.337). These findings suggest that the previous relationship reported between COL5A1 rs12722 genotypes and running endurance performance might not be mediated by the energetic cost of running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo A. Pasqua
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Salomão Bueno
- Endurance Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Sports Science Research Group, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Marquezini
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Saldiva
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim JH, Jung ES, Kim CH, Youn H, Kim HR. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3 and COL5A1 polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18:205-14. [PMID: 25566457 PMCID: PMC4241924 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphisms including ACE ID, ACTN3 RX, and COL5A1 polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. METHODS For the purpose of this study, elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested for body weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1 polymorphism). RESULTS As results, the ACE DD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentage of body fat than the ACE II and ID genotypes (p < 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3 polymorphism and ballerinas, the XX genotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the means of sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3 XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas (p < 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence than the RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p < 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injury risk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p < 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, the COL5A1 polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ACE polymorphism and ACTN3 polymorphism were associated with ballerinas' performance capacity; COL5A1 was not associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACE DD genotype is associated with high body fat, the ACTN3 XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- School of Dance, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- School of Dance, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Hyeon Youn
- Department of Judo, Yong In University, Yong In, Korea
| | - Hwa Rye Kim
- School of Dance, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea
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A Polymorphism in a Functional Region of the COL5A1 Gene: Association With Ultraendurance-Running Performance and Joint Range of Motion. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2014; 9:583-90. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:Endurance-running performance and joint range of motion (ROM) are both multifactorial phenotypes. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs172722 (C/T), in the COL5A1 3′-untranslated region (UTR) was shown to independently associate with both phenotypes. Two major functional forms of the COL5A1 3′-UTR have been identified and differ by 7 tightly linked polymorphisms that include rs12722 and a short tandem-repeat polymorphism (STRP rs71746744, –/AGGG). It has been proposed that STRP rs71746744 plays a role in the predicted secondary structures and mRNA stability of the 2 major forms of the COL5A1 3′-UTR, therefore implying a regulatory role. The aim of this study was to determine whether STRP rs71746744 is independently associated with running performance and prerace sit-and-reach range of motion (SR ROM) in a cohort of ultramarathon road runners.Methods:One hundred six (74 men and 32 women, age 22–67 y) white runners who participated in either the 2009 or 2011 Two Oceans 56-km ultramarathon were included in this cross-sectional study. Their SR ROM measurements, COL5A1 rs71746744 genotype, and overall race times were determined.Results:COL5A1 rs71746744 was independently associated with running performance (P = .024) and prerace sr rom (P = .020). Moreover, the AGGG/AGGG genotype was significantly overrepresented in the fastest and inflexible athletes compared with those with either the –/AGGG or –/– genotype.Conclusions:These findings provide further evidence for a relationship between COL5A1, running performance, and SR ROM. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of this variant on the mechanical properties of connective tissue.
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Human COL5A1 rs12722 gene polymorphism and tendon properties in vivo in an asymptomatic population. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1393-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tully LJ, Murphy AM, Smith RKW, Hulin-Curtis SL, Verheyen KLP, Price JS. Polymorphisms inTNCandCOL5A1genes are associated with risk of superficial digital flexor tendinopathy in National Hunt Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:289-93. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Pruna R, Artells R, Ribas J, Montoro B, Cos F, Muñoz C, Rodas G, Maffulli N. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with non-contact soft tissue injuries in elite professional soccer players: influence on degree of injury and recovery time. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:221. [PMID: 23890452 PMCID: PMC3726514 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanisms involved in non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (NCMSTI) are poorly understood. Genetic risk factors may be associated with susceptibility to injuries, and may exert marked influence on recovery times. METHODS Data on type and degree of injury and recovery time were collected in 73 male professional soccer players (43 White, 11 Black Africans and 19 Hispanics) who suffered total of 242 injuries (203 muscle, 24 ligament, and 15 tendon injuries). One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the following genes were analyzed: Elastin (ELN); Titin (TTN); SRY-related HMG-box (SOX15); Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2); Chemokine, CC motif, ligand 2 (CCL2); Collagen type 1 alpha 1(COL1A1); Collagen type 5 alpha 1 (COL5A1), and Tenascin C (TNC). RESULTS There was evidence of a statistically significant association between the degree of injury and the IGF2 genotype (P = 0.034). In addition, there was evidence of a statistically significant association between the degree of muscle injury and CCL2 (P = 0.026) Finally, there was evidence of a statistically significant association between ELN and degree of injury (p = 0.009) and recovery time (P = 0.043). There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between any of the genes studied and degree of injury or recovery time for tendon injuries. CONCLUSION SNPs in the IGF2, CCL2, and ELN genes may be associated to the degree and recovery time of NCMSTI.
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Abrahams Y, Laguette MJ, Prince S, Collins M. Polymorphisms within the COL5A1 3'-UTR that alters mRNA structure and the MIR608 gene are associated with Achilles tendinopathy. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:204-14. [PMID: 23347277 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
COL5A1 encodes for the α1 chain of type V collagen, an important regulator of fibril assembly in tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues. A polymorphism (rs12722) within the functional COL5A1 3'-untranslated region (UTR) has been shown to associate with chronic Achilles tendinopathy and other exercise-related phenotypes. The COL5A1 3'-UTR contains several putative cis-acting elements including a functional Hsa-miR-608 binding site. The aim of this study was to determine whether previously uncharacterized polymorphisms within a functional region of the COL5A1 3'-UTR or the MIR608 gene are associated with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The effect of these COL5A1 3'-UTR polymorphisms on the 3'-UTR predicted mRNA secondary structure was also investigated. One hundred and sixty Caucasian chronic Achilles tendinopathic and 342 control participants were genotyped for the COL5A1 3'-UTR markers rs71746744, rs16399 and rs1134170, as well as marker rs4919510 within MIR608. All four genetic markers were independently associated with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The COL5A1 polymorphisms appear to alter the predicted secondary structure of the 3'-UTR. We propose that the secondary structure plays a role in the regulation of the COL5A1 mRNA stability and by implication type V collagen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonus Abrahams
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Newlands, South Africa
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors hypothesized that variants within genes, such as COL5A1, COL3A1, COL6A1, and COL12A1, that code for connective tissue components of the musculoskeletal system may modulate susceptibility to exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC). Specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate if the COL5A1 rs12722 (C/T), COL3A1 rs1800255 (G/A), COL6A1 rs35796750 (T/C), and COL12A1 rs970547 (A/G) polymorphisms are associated with a history of EAMC. DESIGN Retrospective genetic case-control association study. SETTING Participants were recruited at triathlon and ultra-marathon events and were asked to report physical activity, medical history, and cramping history. PARTICIPANTS One hundred sixteen participants with self-reported history of EAMC within the past 12 months before an ultra-endurance event were included as cases in this study (EAMC group). One hundred fifty participants with no self-reported history of previous (lifelong) EAMC were included as controls (NON group). INTERVENTIONS All participants were genotyped for the selected variants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in genotype frequency distributions, for COL5A1 rs12722, COL3A1 rs1800255, COL6A1 rs35796750, and COL12A1 rs970547, among the cases and controls. RESULTS The COL5A1 CC genotype was significantly overrepresented (P = 0.031) among the NON group (21.8%) when compared with the EAMC group (11.1%). No significant genotype differences were found for the COL3A1 (P = 0.828), COL6A1 (P = 0.300), or COL12A1 (P = 0.120) genotypes between the EAMC and NON groups. CONCLUSIONS This study identified, for the first time, the COL5A1 gene as a potential marker for a history of EAMC.
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O'connell K, Posthumus M, Collins M. No association between COL3A1, COL6A1 or COL12A1 gene variants and range of motion. J Sports Sci 2012; 31:181-7. [PMID: 23013106 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.723133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 64-70% of the variability in joint range of motion (ROM) is heritable. A common variant within a type V collagen (COL5A1) gene is associated with joint range of motion. Like type V collagen, types III, VI and XII collagen are also involved in fibril assembly and/or diameter regulation. Mutations within the genes that encode these proteins, COL3A1, COL6A1 and COL12A1, also cause connective tissue hypermobility disorders and phenotypes. The aim of this study was to determine if variants within these genes are associated with measures of joint range of motion. Three hundred and fifty apparently healthy and physically active Caucasian participants were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Sit-and-reach (SR), straight leg raise (SLR) and total shoulder rotation (ShTR) range of motion were measured. All participants were genotyped for COL3A1 rs1800255, COL6A1 rs35796750 and COL12A1 rs970547. COL3A1 rs1800255, COL6A1 rs35796750 and COL12A1 rs970547 were not significantly associated with sit-and-reach, straight leg raise or total shoulder rotation range of motion. Furthermore, no significant age-genotype interaction effects were identified between the variants and range of motion measurements. None of the variants investigated in this study were significantly associated with any of the measures of range of motion used. Further studies are required to identify additional intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may determine range of motion, including the genetic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O'connell
- MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
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