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Kostick MD, Zhu X. Movement Behaviors and Mental Health of Catholic Priests in the Eastern United States. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:1867-1879. [PMID: 37592187 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this observational study was to examine (a) the proportion of Catholic priests in the United States that have anxiety/depression and meet the Canadian 24-Hour of Movement Guidelines, and (b) the association of meeting these guidelines with the likelihood of anxiety and depression. A sample of (arch)diocesan priests (n = 335) completed demographic and behavior survey, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results indicated that 21.1% of priests surveyed met all three movement guidelines (physical activity, sleep, and screentime) and 7.8% met none. Priests who reported excessive recreational screentime (≥ 3 h/day) were more likely to have anxiety (OR = 3.17) and depression (OR = 2.91), and who were physically inactive (< 150 min/week) were more likely to have depression (OR = 8.89). Data from this study addresses a gap in the literature regarding Catholic priests, movement behavior, and mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kostick
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4700 Powhatan Ave., Student Recreation Center 2004, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| | - Xihe Zhu
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4700 Powhatan Ave., Student Recreation Center 2004, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
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Lamunion SR, Brychta RJ, Saint-Maurice PF, Matthews CE, Chen KY. Does Wrist-Worn Accelerometer Wear Compliance Wane over a Free-Living Assessment Period? An NHANES Analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:209-220. [PMID: 37703285 PMCID: PMC10872893 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accelerometers are used to objectively measure physical behaviors in free-living environments, typically for seven consecutive days or more. We examined whether participants experience "wear fatigue," a decline in wear time day over day, during typical assessment period acquired in a nationally representative sample of 6- to 80-yr-olds in the United States. METHODS Participants were instructed to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ on their nondominant wrist continuously for seven consecutive days. Participants with seven complete days of recorded data, regardless of wear status, were included in the analyses ( N = 13,649). Wear was scored with the sleep, wake, and nonwear algorithm. RESULTS Participants averaged 1248 ± 3.6 min·d -1 (mean ± SE) of wear over the assessment, but wear time linearly decreased from day 1 (1295 ± 3.2 min) to day 7 (1170 ± 5.3 min), resulting in a wear fatigue of -18.1 ± 0.7 min·d -1 ( β ± SE). Wear fatigue did not differ by sex but varied by age-group-highest in adolescents (-26.8 ± 2.4 min·d -1 ) and lowest in older adults (-9.3 ± 0.9 min·d -1 ). Wear was lower in evening (1800-2359 h) and early morning (0000-0559 h) compared with the middle of the day and on weekend days compared with weekdays. We verified similar wear fatigue (-23.5 ± 0.7 min·d -1 ) in a separate sample ( N = 14,631) with hip-worn devices and different wear scoring. Applying minimum wear criteria of ≥10 h·d -1 for ≥4 d reduced wear fatigue to -5.3 and -18.7 min·d -1 for the wrist and hip, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of wear suggest noncompliance may disproportionately affect estimates of sleep and sedentary behavior, particularly for adolescents. Further study is needed to determine the effect of wear fatigue on longer assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Lamunion
- Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Energy Metabolism Section, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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Kerr D, Abbasi M, Bevier W, Glantz N, Larez A, Sabharwal A. Patterns of Timing and Intensity of Physical Activity and HbA1c Levels in Hispanic/Latino Adults With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2024; 18:106-112. [PMID: 35771029 PMCID: PMC10899824 DOI: 10.1177/19322968221105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the clear benefits of increased physical activity (PA) on glycemic control, little is known about the importance of the timing of exercise among people with diabetes. Our objective was to compare the time of day of PA with concurrent HbA1c levels and body mass index (BMI) among Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Monitored activity data obtained from Hispanic/Latino adults were summarized as number of steps per day, moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and energy expenditure (kcals/day). We next examined the association between PA measures and participants' HbA1c. K-means clustering analysis was applied to identify daily PA patterns by time of day and intensity. RESULTS Three dominant clusters were identified: low-intensity PA, and early and late PA by time of day. The step counts were correlated with HbA1c in the late-active group (P = .01). Furthermore, independently in younger adults (age ≤ 50 years) and in overweight adults 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), there was an association between HbA1c and step counts (P < .01 and P < .005, respectively) as well as HbA1c and MVPA (P < .05 and P < .035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS For Hispanic/Latino adults with or at risk of T2D, there appears to be clustering of PA by intensity and time of day which, in turn, may influence achieved HbA1c and BMI. Our findings demonstrate that the amount of activity is more efficacious on HbA1c in participants who are more active later during the day and separately in overweight and younger individuals. This finding may help design more personalized PA recommendations in this population. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIERS NCT03830840 and NCT03736468.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kerr
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Mahsan Abbasi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy Bevier
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Namino Glantz
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Arianna Larez
- Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Huang W, Hao L, Wu X, Yu X, Cui E, Leroux A. Gender difference in "second-shift" physical activity: New insights from analyzing accelerometry data in a nationally representative sample. SSM Popul Health 2023; 24:101536. [PMID: 37927817 PMCID: PMC10624592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gendered organization of daily activities results in differential contexts of physical activity (PA) for the working population, especially during the "second shift" - a time window dominated by household-based activities. Existing research predominantly relies on self-reported leisure-time activities, yielding a partial understanding of gender difference in the source, timing, and accumulation pattern of PA. To address these limitations, this study draws on the interplay between work and family to understand how they shape gender difference in household-based PA across occupational groups. It combines work schedule and accelerometry PA data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which permits our study of second-shift PA on workdays among full-time workers, aged 20 to 49, with a regular daytime schedule. To capture different aspects of second-shift PA, the PA outcomes are measured as both volume and accumulation patterns during time windows following (i.e., 6pm-9pm) and prior to typical working hours (7:30am-8:30am). Using generalized estimating equations, we estimate gender differences in the volume and fragmentation of second-shift PA. Overall, women with a full-time job exhibit both higher volume and higher fragmentation of second-shift PA than their male counterparts. The occupational group moderates such gender difference in PA. The gender gaps in PA volume and fragmentation are only evident for professional workers, whereas the second shift represents a gender-neutral context for PA accumulation for non-professional groups. These findings are supported by a secondary analysis when analyzing the whole-day PA data using functional data analysis. Such social patterning of second-shift PA calls for further research on gendered PA under the interplay of work and family beyond the usual focus on leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Huang
- Hopkins Population Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingxin Hao
- Hopkins Population Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xingyun Wu
- Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Advancing Maternal Health Lab, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Erjia Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Leroux
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Vieira Sosa M, Chin E, Sethares KA. Perspectives Regarding Engagement in Physical Activity in Women: Traditional Gender Role-Based Themes. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023:00005082-990000000-00144. [PMID: 37934156 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has not been a significant improvement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics among women; 44.4% of women older than 20 years have a diagnoses of CVD. Only 24.3% of adults meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, women have significantly lower levels of PA significantly lower levels than men. There is a call to action from the American Heart Association to delineate reasons for related genderized, socially determined factors. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to use the individual and family self-management theory to explore and describe interacting sociodemographic, family, cultural, health/access-related, and personal factors contributing to PA engagement in women living in areas of reduced socioeconomic resources. METHODS This study used a community-engaged, qualitative descriptive focus group design to explore PA engagement in women between 18 and 64 years old living in an area of reduced socioeconomic resources and high racial and ethnic diversity. RESULTS Context-related factors included cost/access, transportation, safety, and setting and interacted with family structure and functioning. Process-level factors affecting PA engagement included outcome expectancy, goal incongruence, lack of self-efficacy, self-regulation, and provider support/collaboration. Facilitators included family/friend social support. CONCLUSIONS The current community-engaged study reveals socially constructed gender role elements related to family dynamics, self-perception, and self-regulation that potentially impact engagement in self-management behavior. Programs to increase awareness and self-management of CVD in women exist, but there is a lack of direct effects, speaking to unknown factors. Given perpetually high rates of CVD, low levels of PA, and declining knowledge levels among women, further investigation is imperative.
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Lee C, Xu M, Zhu X, Towne SD, Sang H, Lee H, Ory MG. Moving to an Activity-Friendly Community Can Increase Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1058-1066. [PMID: 37597842 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creating activity-friendly communities (AFCs) is an important strategy to increase physical activity (PA). While cross-sectional links between community environments and PA are well documented, their causal relationships remain insufficiently explored. METHODS Using the accelerometer and survey data collected from adults who moved to an AFC (cases) and similar non-AFC-residing adults who did not move (comparisons), this pre-post, case-comparison study examines if moving to an AFC increases PA. Data came from 115 participants (cases = 37, comparisons = 78) from Austin, Texas, who completed 2 waves of 1-weeklong data collection. Difference-in-difference analyses and fixed-effect models were used to test the significance of the pre-post differences in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) between cases and comparisons, for the full sample and the subsample of 37 pairs matched in key covariates using the Propensity Score Matching method. RESULTS Average treatment effect generated based on Propensity Score Matching and difference-in-difference showed that moving to this AFC led to an average of 10.88 additional minutes of daily MVPA (76.16 weekly minutes, P = .015). Fixed-effect models echoed the result with an increase of 10.39 minutes of daily MVPA after moving to the AFC. We also found that case participants who were less active at baseline and had higher income increased their MVPA more than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that, among our study sample, moving to an AFC increased residents' PA significantly when compared to their premove level and the comparison group. This causal evidence suggests the potential of AFCs as sustainable interventions for PA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanam Lee
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Minjie Xu
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Health and Sustainability Program, Air Quality, Energy, and Health Division, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Austin, TX,USA
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Samuel D Towne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Center for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL,USA
- Disability, Aging, and Technology Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL,USA
- Southwest Rural Health Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Huiyan Sang
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Hanwool Lee
- Center for Health Systems & Design, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
- Center for Community Health and Aging, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
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Filanowski PM, Slade E. Better together? Comparing physical activity of parents walking outdoors with and without their child. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:190-195. [PMID: 37753426 PMCID: PMC10518793 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compares the physical activity levels and enjoyment of parents (n = 50; age = 41.8 ± 4.0 years) during outdoor, self-paced walking sessions while walking alone and when walking with their 6-to-12-year-old child. Step counts, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity, and enjoyment were compared using paired t-tests. Regression modeling was used to examine the impact of children's age and adults' and children's body mass index on the disparity in step counts experienced by adults. Adults attained high percentages of time spent in MVPA while walking alone (99.8%) and when walking with their child (96.6%). However, more of this time was categorized as vigorous physical activity when walking alone (13.6% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.006). Adults' step counts decreased by an average of 6.4% while walking with their child compared to walking alone (p < 0.001). This reduction was greater for parents of younger children (p = 0.004). In obese adults, the reduction in step counts experienced while walking with their child was not as great as the reduction experienced by normal-weight adults (p = 0.042). Although adults obtained higher step counts and vigorous physical activity while walking alone, they enjoyed walking more with their child (p < 0.001). Health practitioners should be aware of this tradeoff when making recommendations for parent-child co-participation in physical activity, and parents may wish to supplement their physical activity obtained while walking with their child(ren) with additional activities that result in vigorous physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Filanowski
- Department of Sport Science & Management, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, 45207, USA
| | - Emily Slade
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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Moore CC, Cuthbertson CC, Sotres-Alvarez D, Castaneda SF, Cordero C, Daviglus ML, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Perreira KM, Evenson KR. Step-Based Metrics and Translations of Physical Activity Guidelines among Adults in the HCHS/SOL. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1423-1433. [PMID: 36989532 PMCID: PMC10859910 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a cross-sectional sample of US Hispanic/Latino adults, we aimed to describe step-based metric distributions, estimate their associations with activity counts and self-report, and calibrate step-based translations of current (2018) US physical activity (PA) guidelines, that is, ≥150 min·wk -1 moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from accelerometer counts and self-report. METHODS The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos enrolled 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults 18-74 yr from four US cities (2008-2011). Participants completed the Global PA Questionnaire and 1 wk of Actical accelerometer wear ( n = 12,528). Weighted medians were used to describe step-based metrics, and Spearman correlations estimated their relationships with count-based and self-reported PA indicators. Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses were used to examine the ability of each step-based metric to classify participants meeting PA guidelines. RESULTS Overall, US Hispanic/Latino adults accumulated medians of 6770 steps per day and 6, 18, 236, and 630 min·d -1 at ≥100, ≥70, 1-69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively. Count-based time in MVPA, light PA, and sedentary behavior were most strongly correlated ( rs = 0.79-0.85) with times ≥70, 1-69, and 0 steps per minute, respectively, whereas self-reported MVPA had similar correlations with steps per day and times ≥40 and ≥70 steps per minute ( rs = 0.28-0.29). Time ≥70 steps per minute had the greatest capacity to classify participants meeting PA guidelines with both measures of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first normative values (based on percentiles) of step-based metrics for US Hispanic/Latino adults, which can facilitate surveillance, program planning, research, and data interpretation. Our finding that PA guidelines corresponded to 6000-7000 steps per day or ~20 min·d -1 at ≥70 steps per minute with an Actical accelerometer can be considered alongside dose-response relationships with health outcomes to develop step-based recommendations that are consistent with and better communicate PA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carmen C. Cuthbertson
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Welk G, Lamoureux NR, Zeng C, Zhu Z, Berg E, Wolff-Hughes DL, Troiano RP. Equating NHANES Monitor-Based Physical Activity to Self-Reported Methods to Enhance Ongoing Surveillance Efforts. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1034-1043. [PMID: 36633833 PMCID: PMC10191993 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Harmonization of assessment methods represents an ongoing challenge in physical activity research. Previous research has demonstrated the utility of calibration approaches to enhance agreement between measures of physical activity. The present study utilizes a calibration methodology to add behavioral context from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), an established report-based measure, to enhance interpretations of monitor-based data scored using the novel Monitor Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) methodology. METHODS Matching data from the GPAQ and MIMS were obtained from adults (20-80 yr of age) assessed in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After developing percentile curves for self-reported activity, a zero-inflated quantile regression model was developed to link MIMS to estimates of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) from the GPAQ. RESULTS Cross-validation of the model showed that it closely approximated the probability of reporting MVPA across age and activity-level segments, supporting the accuracy of the zero-inflated model component. Validation of the quantile regression component directly corresponded to the 25%, 50%, and 75% values for both men and women, further supporting the model fit. CONCLUSIONS This study offers a method of improving activity surveillance by translating accelerometer signals into interpretable behavioral measures using nationally representative data. The model provides accurate estimates of minutes of MVPA at a population level but, because of the bias and error inherent in report-based measures of physical activity, is not suitable for converting or interpreting individual-level data. This study provides an important preliminary step in utilizing information from both device- and report-based methods to triangulate activity related outcomes; however additional measurement error modeling is needed to improve precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA
| | | | - Chengpeng Zeng
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA
| | - Zhengyuan Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA
| | - Emily Berg
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, IA
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Aguiar EJ, Mora-Gonzalez J, Ducharme SW, Moore CC, Gould ZR, Chase CJ, Amalbert-Birriel MA, Chipkin SR, Staudenmayer J, Zheng P, Tudor-Locke C. Cadence-based classification of moderate-intensity overground walking in 41- to 85-year-old adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:433-443. [PMID: 36403207 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking cadence (steps/min) has emerged as a valid proxy of physical activity intensity, with consensus across numerous laboratory-based treadmill studies that ≥100 steps/min approximates absolutely defined moderate intensity (≥3 metabolic equivalents; METs). We recently reported that this cadence threshold had a classification accuracy of 73.3% for identifying moderate intensity during preferred pace overground walking in young adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of a cadence threshold of ≥100 steps/min for correctly classifying moderate intensity during overground walking in middle- and older-aged adults. METHODS Participants (N = 174, 48.3% female, 41-85 years of age) completed laboratory-based cross-sectional study involving an indoor 5-min overground walking trial at their preferred pace. Steps were manually counted and converted to cadence (total steps/5 min). Intensity was measured using indirect calorimetry and expressed as METs. Classification accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of a cadence threshold of ≥100 steps/min to identify individuals walking at ≥3 METs was calculated. RESULTS The ≥100 steps/min threshold demonstrated accuracy of 74.7% for classifying moderate intensity. When comparing middle- vs. older-aged adults, similar accuracy (73.4% vs. 75.8%, respectively) and specificity (33.3% vs. 34.5%) were observed. Sensitivity was high, but was lower for middle- vs. older-aged adults (85.2% vs. 93.9%, respectively). CONCLUSION A cadence threshold of ≥100 steps/min accurately identified moderate-intensity overground walking. Furthermore, accuracy was similar when comparing middle- and older-aged adults. These findings extend our previous analysis in younger adults and confirm the appropriateness of applying this cadence threshold across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elroy J Aguiar
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Scott W Ducharme
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary R Gould
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Colleen J Chase
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Stuart R Chipkin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Staudenmayer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peixuan Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Clevenger KA, Berrigan D, Patel S, Saint-Maurice PF, Matthews CE. Relationship between neighborhood walkability and the prevalence, type, timing, and temporal characteristics of walking. Health Place 2023; 80:102983. [PMID: 36753820 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
We examined associations of neighborhood walkability with the prevalence, type, timing, and temporal characteristics of walking in a representative sample of United States adults. Adults (N = 2649) completed the ACT24 previous-day recall. Home address was linked to block-group National Walkability Index. Survey-adjusted Poisson and logistic regression examined the association of walkability with outcomes. Those who lived in more walkable neighborhoods were more likely to walk overall, for transport, or in the evening. In those who walked, higher walkability was associated with less morning but more evening walking. There were no associations of walkability with the frequency or duration of walking episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Clevenger
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD, USA
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McCormack GR, Koohsari MJ, Vena JE, Oka K, Nakaya T, Chapman J, Martinson R, Matsalla G. Associations between neighborhood walkability and walking following residential relocation: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1116691. [PMID: 36726629 PMCID: PMC9885132 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1116691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cross-sectional studies consistently find that the neighborhood built environment (e.g., walkability) is associated with walking. However, findings from the few existing longitudinal residential relocation studies that have estimated associations between changes in neighborhood built characteristics and walking are equivocal. The study objective was to estimate whether changes in neighborhood walkability resulting from residential relocation were associated with leisure, transportation, and total walking levels among adults. Methods This study included longitudinal data from the "Alberta's Tomorrow Project"-a province-wide cohort study (Alberta, Canada). The analysis included data collected at two time points (i.e., baseline and follow-up) from 5,977 urban adults. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) captured self-reported walking. We estimated neighborhood walkability, an index capturing intersection, destination, and population counts for the 400 m Euclidean buffer around participants' homes. Using household postal codes reported at baseline and follow-up, we categorized participants into three groups reflecting residential relocation ("non-movers:" n = 5,679; "movers to less walkability:" n = 164, and; "movers to more walkability:" n = 134). We used Inverse-Probability-Weighted Regression Adjustment to estimate differences [i.e., average treatment effects in the treated (ATET)] in weekly minutes of leisure, transportation, and total walking at follow-up between residential relocation groups, adjusting for baseline walking, sociodemographic characteristics, and walkability. The median time between baseline and follow-up was 2-years. Results The three residential relocation groups mainly included women (61.6-67.2%) and had a mean age of between 52.2 and 55.7 years. Compared to "non-movers" (reference group), weekly minutes of transportation walking at follow-up was significantly lower among adults who moved to less walkable neighborhoods (ATET: -41.34, 95 CI: -68.30, -14.39; p < 0.01). We found no other statistically significant differences in walking between the groups. Discussion Our findings suggest that relocating to less walkable neighborhoods could have detrimental effects on transportation walking to the extent of adversely affecting health. Public health strategies that counteract the negative impacts of low walkable neighborhoods and leverage the supportiveness of high walkable neighborhoods might promote more walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R. McCormack
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan,*Correspondence: Gavin R. McCormack ✉
| | - Mohammad Javad Koohsari
- School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Jennifer E. Vena
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jonathan Chapman
- Public Space and Mobility Policy, Planning and Development Services Department, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Graham Matsalla
- Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Matthews CE, Saint-Maurice P, Fulton JE, Patel S, Loftfield E, Sampson JN, Keadle SK, Berrigan D. Changes in physical activity and sedentary time in United States adults in response to COVID-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273919. [PMID: 36084056 PMCID: PMC9462823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated lower risk for a broad range of non-communicable diseases and early mortality, and even small changes in daily activity levels could have a profound effect on public health at the population level. The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped daily life for United States (US) adults resulting in reductions in physical activity early in the pandemic, but its longer-term effects on daily activities are unknown. To examine the longer-term impact of the pandemic on daily activity levels, we conducted a nationwide longitudinal study of 1,635 adults (20–75 years) in AmeriSpeak. Previous-day recalls of time-use, sedentary time, and physical activity were completed on randomly selected days in Fall 2019 (pre-pandemic) and Fall 2020. Overall, US adults reported less time in transportation (-0.47 hrs/d), more total discretionary time (0.40 hrs/d), but no changes in total sedentary time (0.10 hrs/d) or leisure-time physical activity (-0.06 hrs/d). Women reported significantly less total activity (-0.36 hrs/d) and participants with children < 13 yrs reported more sedentary time (0.60 to 0.82 hrs/d) and less moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity (-0.84 to -0.72 hrs/d). Adults without children reported no changes in sedentary time (0.02 hrs/d) or moderate-vigorous intensity activity (-0.06 hrs/d). Adults who started working from home reported no changes in physical activity, but they were among the most sedentary and least active population groups at both timepoints. Our findings describe the complex inter-play between competing behaviors as time-use demands have changed in response to the pandemic, particularly for adults with younger children. Many US adults are likely to continue working from home; therefore, implementation of evidence-based approaches to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time in this growing population subgroup appears warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Pedro Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Fulton
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shreya Patel
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah K. Keadle
- Kinesiology and Public Health Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America
| | - David Berrigan
- Health Behaviors Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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McCormack GR, Patterson M, Frehlich L, Lorenzetti DL. The association between the built environment and intervention-facilitated physical activity: a narrative systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:86. [PMID: 35836196 PMCID: PMC9284898 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A diverse range of interventions increase physical activity (PA) but few studies have explored the contextual factors that may be associated with intervention effectiveness. The built environment (BE) may enhance or reduce the effectiveness of PA interventions, especially interventions that encourage PA in neighbourhood settings. Several studies have investigated the effects of the neighbourhood BE on intervention-facilitated PA, however, a comprehensive review of evidence has yet to be conducted. In our systematic review, we synthesize evidence from quantitative studies that have examined the relationships between objectively-measured neighbourhood BE and intervention-facilitated PA in adults. Method In October 2021, we searched 7 databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Environment Complete, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for English-language studies reporting on randomized and non-randomized experiments of physical activity interventions involving adults (≥18 years) and that estimated the association between objectively-measured BE and intervention-facilitated physical activity. Results Twenty articles, published between 2009 and 2021, were eligible for inclusion in the review. Among the 20 articles in this review, 13 included multi-arm experiments and 7 included single-arm experiments. Three studies examined PA interventions delivered at the population level and 17 examined interventions delivered at the individual level. PA intervention characteristics were heterogeneous and one-half of the interventions were implemented for at least 12-months (n = 10). Most studies were undertaken in North America (n = 11) and most studies (n = 14) included samples from populations identified as at risk of poor health (i.e., metabolic disorders, coronary heart disease, overweight, cancer, high blood pressure, and inactivity). Fourteen studies found evidence of a neighbourhood BE variable being negatively or positively associated with intervention-facilitated PA. Conclusion Approximately 70% of all studies reviewed found evidence for an association between a BE variable and intervention-facilitated PA. The BE’s potential to enhance or constrain the effectiveness of PA interventions should be considered in their design and implementation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01326-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin R McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada. .,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Japan.
| | - Michelle Patterson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Levi Frehlich
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Diane L Lorenzetti
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.,Health Sciences Library, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Xiao Q, Lu J, Zeitzer JM, Matthews CE, Saint-Maurice PF, Bauer C. Rest-activity profiles among U.S. adults in a nationally representative sample: a functional principal component analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:32. [PMID: 35331274 PMCID: PMC8944104 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 24-h rest and activity behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep) are fundamental human behaviors essential to health and well-being. Functional principal component analysis (fPCA) is a flexible approach for characterizing rest-activity rhythms and does not rely on a priori assumptions about the activity shape. The objective of our study is to apply fPCA to a nationally representative sample of American adults to characterize variations in the 24-h rest-activity pattern, determine how the pattern differs according to demographic, socioeconomic and work characteristics, and examine its associations with general health status. Methods The current analysis used data from adults 25 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2014). Using 7-day 24-h actigraphy recordings, we applied fPCA to derive profiles for overall, weekday and weekend rest-activity patterns. We examined the association between each rest-activity profile in relation to age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income and working status using multiple linear regression. We also used multiple logistic regression to determine the relationship between each rest-activity profile and the likelihood of reporting poor or fair health. Results We identified four distinct profiles (i.e., high amplitude, early rise, prolonged activity window, biphasic pattern) that together accounted for 86.8% of total variation in the study sample. We identified numerous associations between each rest-activity profile and multiple sociodemographic characteristics. We also found evidence suggesting the associations differed between weekdays and weekends. Finally, we reported that the rest-activity profiles were associated with self-rated health. Conclusions Our study provided evidence suggesting that rest-activity patterns in human populations are shaped by multiple demographic, socioeconomic and work factors, and are correlated with health status. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01274-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., TX, Houston, USA.
| | - Jiachen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., TX, Houston, USA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler St., TX, Houston, USA.
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Whitfield GP, Ussery EN, Saint-Maurice PF, Carlson SA. Trends in Aerobic Physical Activity Participation Across Multiple Domains Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007/2008 to 2017/2018. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:S64-S73. [PMID: 34225255 PMCID: PMC10911582 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how participation is changing across domains of physical activity is important for monitoring progress and informing promotion efforts. The authors examined changes in physical activity participation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007/2008 to 2017/2018. METHODS The prevalence of inactivity, insufficient activity, and meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline in multidomain physical activity and each domain (leisure time, occupational/household, and transportation) was estimated for each cycle and stratified by selected characteristics. The authors tested trends over time and overall changes (2017/2018 vs 2007/2008). RESULTS For multidomain physical activity, the prevalence of inactivity decreased linearly; meeting the aerobic guideline increased nonmonotonically, and the 2017/2018 prevalence (68.1%) was higher than 2007/2008 (64.1%). Similar findings were observed for adults aged ≥65 years, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, high school graduates, and adults with obesity. Domain-specific results varied, but decreasing trends in inactivity and increasing trends in meeting the guideline were consistently observed across subgroups for occupational/household activity. Meeting the guideline through transportation activity was rare. CONCLUSIONS Increases in meeting the guideline and decreases in inactivity in multidomain activity and selected domains are encouraging results, especially among subgroups historically reporting low activity participation. Activity promotion efforts are important to maintain progress, and the transportation domain may be an underutilized source of physical activity.
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