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Zhang W, Zhang Q, Cao Z, Zheng L, Hu W. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Neonates: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2765. [PMID: 38140105 PMCID: PMC10747965 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational drug use in special populations is a clinical problem that doctors and pharma-cists must consider seriously. Neonates are the most physiologically immature and vulnerable to drug dosing. There is a pronounced difference in the anatomical and physiological profiles be-tween neonates and older people, affecting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in vivo, ultimately leading to changes in drug concentration. Thus, dose adjustments in neonates are necessary to achieve adequate therapeutic concentrations and avoid drug toxicity. Over the past few decades, modeling and simulation techniques, especially physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, have been increasingly used in pediatric drug development and clinical therapy. This rigorously designed and verified model can effectively compensate for the deficiencies of clinical trials in neonates, provide a valuable reference for clinical research design, and even replace some clinical trials to predict drug plasma concentrations in newborns. This review introduces previous findings regarding age-dependent physiological changes and pathological factors affecting neonatal pharmacokinetics, along with their research means. The application of PBPK modeling in neonatal pharmacokinetic studies of various medications is also reviewed. Based on this, we propose future perspectives on neonatal PBPK modeling and hope for its broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.)
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; (W.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Z.C.)
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Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Hepatic Metabolism in Primary Human Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314880. [PMID: 36499207 PMCID: PMC9740548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three decades of hepatocyte transplantation have confirmed such a cell-based approach as an adjunct or alternative treatment to solid organ transplantation. Donor cell survival and engraftment were indirectly measured by hepatospecific secretive or released metabolites, such as ammonia metabolism in urea cycle defects. In cases of sepsis or viral infection, ammonia levels can significantly and abruptly increase in these recipients, erroneously implying rejection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with viral or bacterial infections are known to affect many liver functions, including drug-metabolizing enzymes and hepatic transport activities. We examined the influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary human hepatocytes, isolated from both normal donors or patients with metabolic liver diseases. Different measures of hepatocyte functions, including ammonia metabolism and phase 1-3 metabolism, were performed. All the hepatic functions were profoundly and significantly suppressed after exposure to concentrations of from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL of different inflammatory cytokines, alone and in combination. Our data indicate that, like phase I metabolism, suppression of phase II/III and ammonia metabolism occurs in hepatocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in the absence of cell death. Such inflammatory events do not necessarily indicate a rejection response or loss of the cell graft, and these systemic inflammatory signals should be carefully considered when the immunosuppressant regiment is reduced or relieved in a hepatocyte transplantation recipient in response to such alleged rejection.
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Minoia JM, Filia MF, Roma MI, De Fino FT, Copello GJ, Peroni RN. Selective modulation of placental and fetal MDR transporters by chronic in utero exposure to NRTIs in Sprague-Dawley rats: Importance for fetoprotection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 450:116170. [PMID: 35843342 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters present in placenta and fetal tissues reduce intracellular accumulation of their substrates. Consequently, induction of protein expression may further reduce toxic effects of specific xenobiotics. This work aimed to study whether sustained drug treatments in utero could modulate MDR transporters P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2 and thus impact their fetoprotective action. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were daily treated by gavage with zidovudine (AZT, 60 mg/kg) or lamivudine (3TC, 30 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 11 to 20. On GD 21, DNA damage and MDR protein abundance were assessed by comet assay and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, a single IV dose of AZT or 3TC was administered on GD 21 and drug concentrations were measured in maternal blood and fetal liver by HPLC-UV. Chronic exposure to 3TC caused significantly higher DNA damage than AZT in fetal liver cells, whereas no differences were observed in maternal blood cells. Increased levels of BCRP protein were found in the placenta and fetal liver after AZT, but not 3TC, chronic in utero exposure. Contrarily, no modifications in the protein abundance of P-gp or MRP2 were found after sustained exposure to these drugs. The area under the curve of AZT in fetal liver was significantly lower in the AZT-pretreated rats than in the VEH or 3TC groups. Moreover, pre-administration of the BCRP inhibitor gefitinib (20 mg/kg, IP) increased AZT levels to the values observed in the VEH-treated group in this tissue. On the other hand, the disposition of 3TC in maternal blood or fetal liver was not modified after chronic treatment in either group. In conclusion, chronic exposure to AZT selectively induces BCRP expression in the placenta and fetal liver decreasing its own accumulation which may account for the lower DNA damage observed for AZT compared to 3TC in fetal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mauricio Minoia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Fernanda Filia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Ignacio Roma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental e Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Teresa De Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Javier Copello
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental e Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Noemí Peroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Genetic variants of NTCP gene and hepatitis B vaccine failure in Taiwanese children of hepatitis B e antigen positive mothers. Hepatol Int 2022; 16:789-798. [PMID: 35635688 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine failure remains a hurdle to the global elimination of HBV infections in the vaccination era. We aimed to elucidate the relationships between HBV entry receptor sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) and vaccine failure in children born to highly infectious mothers. METHODS The genetic variants rs7154439, rs4646285, rs4646287, and rs2296651 were genotyped in 170 children with chronic HBV infections and 138 control children of mothers positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). All children received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and complete HBV vaccination. Total RNAs from 82 adult non-tumor liver tissues were quantified for NTCP, type I interferons and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) levels. RESULTS A higher rate of the GA/AA genotype (28.3% vs. 15.3%, p = 0.006) of the genetic variant rs4646287 in intron 1 of the NTCP gene was detected in control children compared to the carrier children. The rs4646287 G > A genotype was associated with younger ages at which spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion occurred (10.8 ± 8.4 vs. 14.6 ± 8.7 years, p = 0.003) in chronic HBV-infected children. Unique correlation patterns of NTCP and innate immunity-related genes (type I interferons and IFITM3) were found in HBV-infected liver tissues with the rs4646287 G > A genotype. CONCLUSION The rs4646287 G > A genotype of the NTCP gene may be associated with lower risk for HBV vaccine failure in children born to highly infectious mothers. The protective effect of rs4646287 G > A was also present in carrier children, evidenced by earlier spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion.
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Zhou X, Huang JM, Li TM, Liu JQ, Wei ZL, Lan CL, Zhu GZ, Liao XW, Ye XP, Peng T. Clinical Significance and Potential Mechanisms of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:805961. [PMID: 35342392 PMCID: PMC8948437 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.805961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ATP binding cassette subfamily C (ABCC) genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Student t-test was used to compare the expression level of ABCCs between HCC and paraneoplastic tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was applied for diagnostic efficiency assessment. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were respectively applied for survival analysis. Genes with prognostic significance were subsequently used to construct prognostic models. From the perspective of genome-wide enrichment analysis, the mechanisms of prognosis-related ABCC genes were attempted to be elaborated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). It was observed in the TCGA database that ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC10 were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues, while ABCC6 and ABCC7 were downregulated in HCC tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that ABCC7 might be a potential diagnostic biomarker in HCC. ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 were significantly related to the prognosis of HCC in the TCGA database. The prognostic significance of ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 was also observed in the Guangxi cohort. In the Guangxi cohort, both polymerase chain reaction and IHC (immunohistochemical) assays demonstrated higher expression of ABCC1, ABCC4, and ABCC5 in HCC compared to liver tissues, while the opposite was true for ABCC6. GSEA analysis indicated that ABCC1 was associated with tumor differentiation, nod-like receptor signal pathway, and so forth. It also revealed that ABCC4 might play a role in HCC by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cytidine analog pathway, met pathway, and so forth. ABCC5 might be associated with the fatty acid metabolism and KRT19 in HCC. ABCC6 might impact the cell cycle in HCC by regulating E2F1 and myc. The relationship between ABCC genes and immune infiltration was explored, and ABCC1,4,5 were found to be positively associated with infiltration of multiple immune cells, while ABCC6 was found to be the opposite. In conclusion, ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 might be prognostic biomarkers in HCC. The prognostic models constructed with ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, and ABCC6 had satisfactory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Mi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Tian-Man Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin, China
| | - Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhong-Liu Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Chen-Lu Lan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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Zhou JR, Kaur G, Ma Y, Arutyunov D, Lu X, Le XC, Leslie EM. Biliary excretion of arsenic by human HepaRG cells is stimulated by selenide and mediated by the multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2). Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114799. [PMID: 34678219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are exposed to unacceptable levels of arsenic, a proven human carcinogen, in drinking water. In animal models, arsenic and selenium are mutually protective through formation and biliary excretion of seleno-bis (S-glutathionyl) arsinium ion [(GS)2AsSe]-. Selenium-deficient humans living in arsenic-endemic regions are at increased risk of arsenic-induced diseases, and may benefit from selenium supplementation. The influence of selenium on human arsenic hepatobiliary transport has not been studied using optimal human models. HepaRG cells, a surrogate for primary human hepatocytes, were used to investigate selenium (selenite, selenide, selenomethionine, and methylselenocysteine) effects on arsenic hepatobiliary transport. Arsenite + selenite and arsenite + selenide at different molar ratios revealed mutual toxicity antagonism, with the latter being higher. Significant levels of arsenic biliary excretion were detected with a biliary excretion index (BEI) of 14 ± 8%, which was stimulated to 32 ± 7% by selenide. Consistent with the formation and biliary efflux of [(GS)2AsSe]-, arsenite increased the BEI of selenide from 0% to 24 ± 5%. Arsenic biliary excretion was lost in the presence of selenite, selenomethionine, and methylselenocysteine. Sinusoidal export of arsenic was stimulated ∼1.6-fold by methylselenocysteine, but unchanged by other selenium forms. Arsenic canalicular and sinusoidal transport (±selenide) was temperature- and GSH-dependent and inhibited by MK571. Knockdown experiments revealed that multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) accounted for all detectable biliary efflux of arsenic (±selenide). Overall, the chemical form of selenium and human MRP2 strongly influenced arsenic hepatobiliary transport, information critical for human selenium supplementation in arsenic-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Zhou
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Gurnit Kaur
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Yingze Ma
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Denis Arutyunov
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiufen Lu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - X Chris Le
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Canada; Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada.
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Ren Z, Bremer AA, Pawlyk AC. Drug development research in pregnant and lactating women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:33-42. [PMID: 33887238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant and lactating women are considered "therapeutic orphans" because they generally have been excluded from clinical drug research and the drug development process owing to legal, ethical, and safety concerns. Most medications prescribed for pregnant and lactating women are used "off-label" because most of the clinical approved medications do not have appropriate drug labeling information for pregnant and lactating women. Medications that lack human safety data on use during pregnancy and lactation may pose potential risks for adverse effects in pregnant and lactating women as well as risks of teratogenic effects to their unborn and newborn babies. Federal policy requiring the inclusion of women in clinical research and trials led to considerable changes in research design and practice. Despite more women being included in clinical research and trials, the inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in drug research and clinical trials remains limited. A recent revision to the "Common Rule" that removed pregnant women from the classification as a "vulnerable" population may change the culture of drug research and drug development in pregnant and lactating women. This review article provides an overview of medications studied by the Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Units Network and Centers and describes the challenges in current obstetrical pharmacology research and alternative strategies for future research in precision therapeutics in pregnant and lactating women. Implementation of the recommendations of the Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant Women and Lactating Women can provide legislative requirements and opportunities for research focused on pregnant and lactating women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Ren
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD; Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aaron C Pawlyk
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
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van Groen BD, Nicolaï J, Kuik AC, Van Cruchten S, van Peer E, Smits A, Schmidt S, de Wildt SN, Allegaert K, De Schaepdrijver L, Annaert P, Badée J. Ontogeny of Hepatic Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Humans and in Nonclinical Species. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:597-678. [PMID: 33608409 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver represents a major eliminating and detoxifying organ, determining exposure to endogenous compounds, drugs, and other xenobiotics. Drug transporters (DTs) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are key determinants of disposition, efficacy, and toxicity of drugs. Changes in their mRNA and protein expression levels and associated functional activity between the perinatal period until adulthood impact drug disposition. However, high-resolution ontogeny profiles for hepatic DTs and DMEs in nonclinical species and humans are lacking. Meanwhile, increasing use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models necessitates availability of underlying ontogeny profiles to reliably predict drug exposure in children. In addition, understanding of species similarities and differences in DT/DME ontogeny is crucial for selecting the most appropriate animal species when studying the impact of development on pharmacokinetics. Cross-species ontogeny mapping is also required for adequate translation of drug disposition data in developing nonclinical species to humans. This review presents a quantitative cross-species compilation of the ontogeny of DTs and DMEs relevant to hepatic drug disposition. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed Central: Tables and graphs (often after digitization) in original manuscripts were used to extract ontogeny data. Data from independent studies were standardized and normalized before being compiled in graphs and tables for further interpretation. New insights gained from these high-resolution ontogeny profiles will be indispensable to understand cross-species differences in maturation of hepatic DTs and DMEs. Integration of these ontogeny data into PBPK models will support improved predictions of pediatric hepatic drug disposition processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hepatic drug transporters (DTs) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play pivotal roles in hepatic drug disposition. Developmental changes in expression levels and activities of these proteins drive age-dependent pharmacokinetics. This review compiles the currently available ontogeny profiles of DTs and DMEs expressed in livers of humans and nonclinical species, enabling robust interpretation of age-related changes in drug disposition and ultimately optimization of pediatric drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - J Nicolaï
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - A C Kuik
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - S Van Cruchten
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - E van Peer
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - A Smits
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - S Schmidt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - S N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - K Allegaert
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - L De Schaepdrijver
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - P Annaert
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
| | - J Badée
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.D.v.G., K.A.); Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N.); Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands (A.C.K.); Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium (S.V.C.); Fendigo sa/nvbv, An Alivira Group Company, Brussels, Belgium (E.v.P.); Department of Development and Regeneration KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Neonatal intensive care unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (A.S.); Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida (S.S.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.); Departments of Development and Regeneration and of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (K.A.); Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (K.A.); Nonclinical Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium (L.D.S.); Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.A.); and Department of PK Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (J.B.)
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9
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Cheung KWK, van Groen BD, Burckart GJ, Zhang L, de Wildt SN, Huang SM. Incorporating Ontogeny in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Improve Pediatric Drug Development: What We Know About Developmental Changes in Membrane Transporters. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 59 Suppl 1:S56-S69. [PMID: 31502692 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental changes in the biological processes involved in the disposition of drugs, such as membrane transporter expression and activity, may alter the drug exposure and clearance in pediatric patients. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models take these age-dependent changes into account and may be used to predict drug exposure in children. As a result, this mechanistic-based tool has increasingly been applied to improve pediatric drug development. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act VI, the US Food and Drug Administration has committed to facilitate the advancement of PBPK modeling in the drug application review process. Yet, significant knowledge gaps on developmental biology still exist, which must be addressed to increase the confidence of prediction. Recently, more data on ontogeny of transporters have emerged and supplied a missing piece of the puzzle. This article highlights the recent findings on the ontogeny of transporters specifically in the intestine, liver, and kidney. It also provides a case study that illustrates the utility of incorporating this information in predicting drug exposure in children using a PBPK approach. Collaborative work has greatly improved the understanding of the interplay between developmental physiology and drug disposition. Such efforts will continue to be needed to address the remaining knowledge gaps to enhance the application of PBPK modeling in drug development for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wun Kathy Cheung
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE Fellow), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Bianca D van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gilbert J Burckart
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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10
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Proteomics of human liver membrane transporters: a focus on fetuses and newborn infants. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:217-227. [PMID: 30171984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic membrane transporters are involved in the transport of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs. We aimed to study the relation of age with absolute transporter protein expression in a cohort of 62 mainly fetus and newborn samples. METHODS Protein expressions of BCRP, BSEP, GLUT1, MCT1, MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, NTCP, OCT1, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1 and ATP1A1 were quantified with LC-MS/MS in isolated crude membrane fractions of snap-frozen post-mortem fetal and pediatric, and surgical adult liver samples. mRNA expression was quantified using RNA sequencing, and genetic variants with TaqMan assays. We explored relationships between protein expression and age (gestational age [GA], postnatal age [PNA], and postmenstrual age); between protein and mRNA expression; and between protein expression and genotype. RESULTS We analyzed 36 fetal (median GA 23.4 weeks [range 15.3-41.3]), 12 premature newborn (GA 30.2 weeks [24.9-36.7], PNA 1.0 weeks [0.14-11.4]), 10 term newborn (GA 40.0 weeks [39.7-41.3], PNA 3.9 weeks [0.3-18.1]), 4 pediatric (PNA 4.1 years [1.1-7.4]) and 8 adult liver samples. A relationship with age was found for BCRP, BSEP, GLUT1, MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, NTCP, OATP1B1 and OCT1, with the strongest relationship for postmenstrual age. For most transporters mRNA and protein expression were not correlated. No genotype-protein expression relationship was detected. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Various developmental patterns of protein expression of hepatic transporters emerged in fetuses and newborns up to four months of age. Postmenstrual age was the most robust factor predicting transporter expression in this cohort. Our data fill an important gap in current pediatric transporter ontogeny knowledge.
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11
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Mooij MG, Nies AT, Knibbe CAJ, Schaeffeler E, Tibboel D, Schwab M, de Wildt SN. Development of Human Membrane Transporters: Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55:507-24. [PMID: 26410689 PMCID: PMC4823323 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters play an essential role in the transport of endogenous and exogenous compounds, and consequently they mediate the uptake, distribution, and excretion of many drugs. The clinical relevance of transporters in drug disposition and their effect in adults have been shown in drug–drug interaction and pharmacogenomic studies. Little is known, however, about the ontogeny of human membrane transporters and their roles in pediatric pharmacotherapy. As they are involved in the transport of endogenous substrates, growth and development may be important determinants of their expression and activity. This review presents an overview of our current knowledge on human membrane transporters in pediatric drug disposition and effect. Existing pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic data on membrane substrate drugs frequently used in children are presented and related, where possible, to existing ex vivo data, providing a basis for developmental patterns for individual human membrane transporters. As data for individual transporters are currently still scarce, there is a striking information gap regarding the role of human membrane transporters in drug therapy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Mooij
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sp-3458, Wytemaweg 80, PO-box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Catherijne A J Knibbe
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Research, Pharmacology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Hospital Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sp-3458, Wytemaweg 80, PO-box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sp-3458, Wytemaweg 80, PO-box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes as a Tool to Study Drug Disposition and Drug-Induced Liver Injury. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:443-459. [PMID: 26869411 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) are metabolically competent and have proper localization of basolateral and canalicular transporters with functional bile networks. Therefore, this cellular model is a unique tool that can be used to estimate biliary excretion of compounds. SCH have been used widely to assess hepatobiliary disposition of endogenous and exogenous compounds and metabolites. Mechanistic modeling based on SCH data enables estimation of metabolic and transporter-mediated clearances, which can be used to construct physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for prediction of drug disposition and drug-drug interactions in humans. In addition to pharmacokinetic studies, SCH also have been used to study cytotoxicity and perturbation of biological processes by drugs and hepatically generated metabolites. Human SCH can provide mechanistic insights underlying clinical drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In addition, data generated in SCH can be integrated into systems pharmacology models to predict potential DILI in humans. In this review, applications of SCH in studying hepatobiliary drug disposition and bile acid-mediated DILI are discussed. An example is presented to show how data generated in the SCH model were used to establish a quantitative relationship between intracellular bile acids and cytotoxicity, and how this information was incorporated into a systems pharmacology model for DILI prediction.
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13
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Mooij MG, van de Steeg E, van Rosmalen J, Windster JD, de Koning BAE, Vaes WHJ, van Groen BD, Tibboel D, Wortelboer HM, de Wildt SN. Proteomic Analysis of the Developmental Trajectory of Human Hepatic Membrane Transporter Proteins in the First Three Months of Life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1005-13. [PMID: 27103634 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatic membrane-embedded transporter proteins are involved in trafficking endogenous and exogenous substrates. Even though impact of transporters on pharmacokinetics is recognized, little is known on maturation of transporter protein expression levels, especially during early life. We aimed to study the protein expression of 10 transporters in liver tissue from fetuses, infants, and adults. Transporter protein expression levels [ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC)B1, ABCG2, ABCC2, ABCC3, bile salt efflux pump, glucose transporter 1, monocarboxylate transporter 1, organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP2B1, and organic cation/carnitine transporter 2) were quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in snap-frozen postmortem fetal, infant, and adult liver samples. Protein expression was quantified in isolated crude membrane fractions. The possible association between postnatal and postmenstrual age versus protein expression was studied. We studied 25 liver samples, as follows: 10 fetal [median gestational age 23.2 wk (range 16.4-37.9)], 12 infantile [gestational age at birth 35.1 wk (27.1-41.0), postnatal age 1 wk (0-11.4)], and 3 adult. The relationship of protein expression with age was explored by comparing age groups. Correlating age within the fetal/infant age group suggested four specific protein expression patterns, as follows: stable, low to high, high to low, and low-high-low. The impact of growth and development on human membrane transporter protein expression is transporter-dependent. The suggested age-related differences in transporter protein expression may aid our understanding of normal growth and development, and also may impact the disposition of substrate drugs in neonates and young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Mooij
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Joost van Rosmalen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Jonathan D Windster
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Barbara A E de Koning
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Wouter H J Vaes
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Bianca D van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Heleen M Wortelboer
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (M.G.M., J.D.W., B.D.G., D.T., S.N.W.); Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (J.R.); Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (B.A.E.K.); TNO, Zeist, The Netherlands (E.v.d.S., H.M.W., W.H.J.V.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (S.N.d.W.)
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14
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Giebel NL, Shadley JD, McCarver DG, Dorko K, Gramignoli R, Strom SC, Yan K, Simpson PM, Hines RN. Role of Chromatin Structural Changes in Regulating Human CYP3A Ontogeny. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1027-37. [PMID: 26921389 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.069344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Variability in drug-metabolizing enzyme developmental trajectories contributes to interindividual differences in susceptibility to chemical toxicity and adverse drug reactions, particularly in the first years of life. Factors linked to these interindividual differences are largely unknown, but molecular mechanisms regulating ontogeny are likely involved. To evaluate chromatin structure dynamics as a likely contributing mechanism, age-dependent changes in modified and variant histone occupancy were evaluated within known CYP3A4 and 3A7 regulatory domains. Chromatin immunoprecipitation using fetal or postnatal human hepatocyte chromatin pools followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification was used to determine relative chromatin occupancy by modified and variant histones. Chromatin structure representing a poised transcriptional state (bivalent chromatin), indicated by the occupancy by modified histones associated with both active and repressed transcription, was observed for CYP3A4 and most 3A7 regulatory regions in both postnatal and fetal livers. However, the CYP3A4 regulatory regions had significantly greater occupancy by modified histones associated with repressed transcription in the fetal liver. Conversely, some modified histones associated with active transcription exhibited greater occupancy in the postnatal liver. CYP3A7 regulatory regions also had significantly greater occupancy by modified histones associated with repressed transcription in the fetus. The observed occupancy by modified histones is consistent with chromatin structural dynamics contributing to CYP3A4 ontogeny, although the data are less conclusive regarding CYP3A7. Interpretation of the latter data may be confounded by cell-type heterogeneity in the fetal liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Giebel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Jeffrey D Shadley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - D Gail McCarver
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Kenneth Dorko
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Stephen C Strom
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Ke Yan
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Pippa M Simpson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
| | - Ronald N Hines
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, and Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health Systems, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (N.L.G., J.D.S., D.G.M., K.Y., P.M.S., R.N.H.); and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (K.D., R.G., S.C.S.)
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15
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Moscovitz JE, Nahar MS, Shalat SL, Slitt AL, Dolinoy DC, Aleksunes LM. Correlation between Conjugated Bisphenol A Concentrations and Efflux Transporter Expression in Human Fetal Livers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1061-5. [PMID: 26851240 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of its widespread use in the manufacturing of consumer products over several decades, human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been pervasive. Fetuses are particularly sensitive to BPA exposure, with a number of negative developmental and reproductive outcomes observed in rodent perinatal models. Xenobiotic transporters are one mechanism to extrude conjugated and unconjugated BPA from the liver. In this study, the mRNA expression of xenobiotic transporters and relationships with total, conjugated, and free BPA levels were explored utilizing human fetal liver samples. The mRNA expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated transporter (MRP)4, as well as BCRP and multidrug resistance transporter 1 exhibited the highest degree of correlation, with r(2) values of 0.941 and 0.816 (P < 0.001 for both), respectively. Increasing concentrations of conjugated BPA significantly correlated with high expression of MRP1 (P < 0.001), MRP2 (P < 0.05), and MRP3 (P < 0.05) transporters, in addition to the NF-E2-related factor 2 transcription factor (P < 0.001) and its prototypical target gene, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (P < 0.001). These data demonstrate that xenobiotic transporters may be coordinately expressed in the human fetal liver. This is also the first report of a relationship between environmentally relevant fetal BPA levels and differences in the expression of transporters that can excrete the parent compound and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Moscovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (J.E.M., L.M.A.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.S.N., D.C.D.); Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.L.S.); Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S., L.M.A.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.C.D.)
| | - Muna S Nahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (J.E.M., L.M.A.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.S.N., D.C.D.); Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.L.S.); Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S., L.M.A.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.C.D.)
| | - Stuart L Shalat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (J.E.M., L.M.A.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.S.N., D.C.D.); Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.L.S.); Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S., L.M.A.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.C.D.)
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (J.E.M., L.M.A.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.S.N., D.C.D.); Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.L.S.); Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S., L.M.A.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.C.D.)
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (J.E.M., L.M.A.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.S.N., D.C.D.); Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.L.S.); Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S., L.M.A.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.C.D.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (J.E.M., L.M.A.); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.S.N., D.C.D.); Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (S.L.S.); Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey (S.L.S., L.M.A.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (A.L.S.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (D.C.D.)
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16
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Elmorsi Y, Barber J, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Ontogeny of Hepatic Drug Transporters and Relevance to Drugs Used in Pediatrics. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 44:992-8. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Brouwer KLR, Aleksunes LM, Brandys B, Giacoia GP, Knipp G, Lukacova V, Meibohm B, Nigam SK, Rieder M, de Wildt SN. Human Ontogeny of Drug Transporters: Review and Recommendations of the Pediatric Transporter Working Group. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:266-87. [PMID: 26088472 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The critical importance of membrane-bound transporters in pharmacotherapy is widely recognized, but little is known about drug transporter activity in children. In this white paper, the Pediatric Transporter Working Group presents a systematic review of the ontogeny of clinically relevant membrane transporters (e.g., SLC, ABC superfamilies) in intestine, liver, and kidney. Different developmental patterns for individual transporters emerge, but much remains unknown. Recommendations to increase our understanding of membrane transporters in pediatric pharmacotherapy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - L M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - B Brandys
- NIH Library, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - G P Giacoia
- Obstetric and Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - G Knipp
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - V Lukacova
- Simulations Plus, lnc., Lancaster, California, USA
| | - B Meibohm
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - S K Nigam
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - M Rieder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S N de Wildt
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 240 million people worldwide. A liver-specific bile acid transporter named the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as the cellular receptor for HBV and its satellite, the hepatitis D virus (HDV). NTCP likely acts as a major determinant for the liver tropism and species specificity of HBV and HDV at the entry level. NTCP-mediated HBV entry interferes with bile acid transport in cell cultures and has been linked with alterations in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism in vivo. The human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2, complemented with NTCP, now provides a valuable platform for studying the basic biology of the viruses and developing treatments for HBV infection. This review summarizes critical findings regarding NTCP's role as a viral receptor for HBV and HDV and discusses important questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China;
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19
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Roggenbeck BA, Carew MW, Charrois GJ, Douglas DN, Kneteman NM, Lu X, Le XC, Leslie EM. Characterization of arsenic hepatobiliary transport using sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:307-20. [PMID: 25752797 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a proven human carcinogen and is associated with a myriad of other adverse health effects. This metalloid is methylated in human liver to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V)), monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)) and eliminated predominantly in urine. Hepatic basolateral transport of arsenic species is ultimately critical for urinary elimination; however, these pathways are not fully elucidated in humans. A potentially important human hepatic basolateral transporter is the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) that in vitro is a high-affinity transporter of DMA(V) and the diglutathione conjugate of MMA(III) [MMA(GS)(2)]. In rats, the related canalicular transporter Mrp2/Abcc2 is required for biliary excretion of arsenic as As(GS)(3) and MMA(GS)(2). The current study used sandwich cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) as a physiological model of human arsenic hepatobiliary transport. Arsenic efflux was detected only across the basolateral membrane for 9 out of 14 SCHH preparations, 5 had both basolateral and canalicular efflux. Basolateral transport of arsenic was temperature- and GSH-dependent and inhibited by the MRP inhibitor MK-571. Canalicular efflux was completely lost after GSH depletion suggesting MRP2-dependence. Treatment of SCHH with As(III) (0.1-1 µM) dose-dependently increased MRP2 and MRP4 levels, but not MRP1, MRP6, or aquaglyceroporin 9. Treatment of SCHH with oltipraz (Nrf2 activator) increased MRP4 levels and basolateral efflux of arsenic. In contrast, oltipraz increased MRP2 levels without increasing biliary excretion. These results suggest arsenic basolateral transport prevails over biliary excretion and is mediated at least in part by MRPs, most likely including MRP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Roggenbeck
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7 *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Michael W Carew
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7 *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Gregory J Charrois
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Donna N Douglas
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Norman M Kneteman
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Xiufen Lu
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - X Chris Le
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7 *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7 *Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
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20
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Sheng J, Tian X, Xu G, Wu Z, Chen C, Wang L, Pan L, Huang C, Pan G. The Hepatobiliary Disposition of Timosaponin B2 Is Highly Dependent on Influx/Efflux Transporters but Not Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:63-72. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.059923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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21
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Mooij MG, Schwarz UI, de Koning BAE, Leeder JS, Gaedigk R, Samsom JN, Spaans E, van Goudoever JB, Tibboel D, Kim RB, de Wildt SN. Ontogeny of human hepatic and intestinal transporter gene expression during childhood: age matters. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1268-74. [PMID: 24829289 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.056929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many drugs prescribed to children are drug transporter substrates. Drug transporters are membrane-bound proteins that mediate the cellular uptake or efflux of drugs and are important to drug absorption and elimination. Very limited data are available on the effect of age on transporter expression. Our study assessed age-related gene expression of hepatic and intestinal drug transporters. Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2), organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), and OATP1B3 expression was determined in postmortem liver samples (fetal n = 6, neonatal n = 19, infant n = 7, child n = 2, adult n = 11) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) expression in 61 pediatric liver samples. Intestinal expression of MDR1, MRP2, and OATP2B1 was determined in surgical small bowel samples (neonates n = 15, infants n = 3, adults n = 14). Using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we measured fetal and pediatric gene expression relative to 18S rRNA (liver) and villin (intestines), and we compared it with adults using the 2(-∆∆Ct) method. Hepatic expression of MRP2, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 in all pediatric age groups was significantly lower than in adults. Hepatic MDR1 mRNA expression in fetuses, neonates, and infants was significantly lower than in adults. Neonatal intestinal expressions of MDR1 and MRP2 were comparable to those in adults. Intestinal OATP2B1 expression in neonates was significantly higher than in adults. We provide new data that show organ- and transporter-dependent differences in hepatic and intestinal drug transporter expression in an age-dependent fashion. This suggests that substrate drug absorption mediated by these transporters may be subject to age-related variation in a transporter dependent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Mooij
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Ute I Schwarz
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Barbara A E de Koning
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - J Steven Leeder
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Roger Gaedigk
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Edwin Spaans
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Richard B Kim
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery (M.G.M., S.N.W., B.A.E.K., E.S., D.T.), and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition (J.N.S.), Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (U.I.S., R.B.K.); Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L., R.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (J.B.G.)
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22
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Wlcek K, Stieger B. ATP-binding cassette transporters in liver. Biofactors 2014; 40:188-98. [PMID: 24105869 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily consists of 48 members with 14 of them identified in normal human liver at the protein level. Most of the ABC members act as ATP dependent efflux transport systems. In the liver, ABC transporters are involved in diverse physiological processes including export of cholesterol, bile salts, and metabolic endproducts. Consequently, impaired ABC transporter function is involved in inherited diseases like sitosterolemia, hyperbilirubinemia, or cholestasis. Furthermore, altered expression of some of the hepatic ABCs have been associated with primary liver tumors. This review gives a short overview about the function of hepatic ABCs. Special focus is addressed on the localization and ontogenesis of ABC transporters in the human liver. In addition, their expression pattern in primary liver tumors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wlcek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Establishment of metabolism and transport pathways in the rodent and human fetal liver. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23801-27. [PMID: 24322441 PMCID: PMC3876079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate fate of drugs and chemicals in the body is largely regulated by hepatic uptake, metabolism, and excretion. The liver acquires the functional ability to metabolize and transport chemicals during the perinatal period of development. Research using livers from fetal and juvenile rodents and humans has begun to reveal the timing, key enzymes and transporters, and regulatory factors that are responsible for the establishment of hepatic phase I and II metabolism as well as transport. The majority of this research has been limited to relative mRNA and protein quantification. However, the recent utilization of novel technology, such as RNA-Sequencing, and the improved availability and refinement of functional activity assays, has begun to provide more definitive information regarding the extent of hepatic drug disposition in the developing fetus. The goals of this review are to provide an overview of the early regulation of the major phase I and II enzymes and transporters in rodent and human livers and to highlight potential mechanisms that control the ontogeny of chemical metabolism and excretion pathways.
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24
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Cressman AM, McDonald CR, Silver K, Kain KC, Piquette-Miller M. Malaria infection alters the expression of hepatobiliary and placental drug transporters in pregnant mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:603-10. [PMID: 24281836 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing and treating malaria in pregnancy is a global health priority. However little is known regarding the impact of malaria infection on the maternal and fetal disposition of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics. Our objective was to characterize expression of key determinants of drug-disposition in maternal and fetal tissues in a validated murine model of experimental placental malaria. Balb/c mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei at mid gestation [gestational day (GD) 13] and maternal, placental, and fetal tissues were collected at GD19. Expression of key ABC drug transporters and Cyp3a11 was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to examine the protein expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, ABCB1). Compared with controls, placental mRNA expression of Abcb1a, Abcb1b, Abcc1, Abcc2, Abcc3, and Abcg2 were significantly downregulated in the malaria-infected group (P < 0.05), as was placental MDR1 protein (P < 0.05). Significantly decreased hepatic expression of Abcc2, Abcg2, and Abcb11 and significantly increased expression of Abcb1b, Abcc1, and Abcc3 were seen in malaria-infected dams (P < 0.05) in comparison with uninfected controls. The expression of Abcb1a and Abcg2 was significantly decreased in fetal liver of infected dams, whereas levels of Abcb1b were increased (P < 0.05). Maternal and fetal hepatic expression of Cyp3a11 was significantly downregulated in the malaria group (P < 0.05). Together, malaria-induced alterations in the expression of transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in maternal and fetal tissues may alter the disposition of endogenous and therapeutic substrates, potentially impacting maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Cressman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C., M.P.-M.); and Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.R.M., K.S., K.C.K.)
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25
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Isoherranen N, Thummel KE. Drug metabolism and transport during pregnancy: how does drug disposition change during pregnancy and what are the mechanisms that cause such changes? Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:256-62. [PMID: 23328895 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that pregnancy alters the function of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in a gestational-stage and tissue-specific manner. In vivo probe studies have shown that the activity of several hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, is increased during pregnancy, whereas the activity of others, such as CYP1A2, is decreased. The activity of some renal transporters, including organic cation transporter and P-glycoprotein, also appears to be increased during pregnancy. Although much has been learned, significant gaps still exist in our understanding of the spectrum of drug metabolism and transport genes affected, gestational age-dependent changes in the activity of encoded drug metabolizing and transporting processes, and the mechanisms of pregnancy-induced alterations. In this issue of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, a series of articles is presented that address the predictability, mechanisms, and magnitude of changes in drug metabolism and transport processes during pregnancy. The articles highlight state-of-the-art approaches to studying mechanisms of changes in drug disposition during pregnancy, and illustrate the use and integration of data from in vitro models, animal studies, and human clinical studies. The findings presented show the complex inter-relationships between multiple regulators of drug metabolism and transport genes, such as estrogens, progesterone, and growth hormone, and their effects on enzyme and transporter expression in different tissues. The studies provide the impetus for a mechanism- and evidence-based approach to optimally managing drug therapies during pregnancy and improving treatment outcomes.
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26
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Vidaeff AC, Belfort MA. Critical appraisal of the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection to reduce the risk of preterm birth. Patient Prefer Adherence 2013; 7:683-91. [PMID: 23874089 PMCID: PMC3714001 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s35612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of preterm delivery is a major desiderate in contemporary obstetrics and a societal necessity. The means to achieve this goal remain elusive. Progesterone has been used in an attempt to prevent preterm delivery since the 1970s, but the evidence initially accumulated was fraught by mixed results and was based on mostly underpowered studies with variable eligibility criteria, including history of spontaneous abortion as an indication for treatment. More recent randomized controlled clinical trials restimulated the interest in progesterone supplementation, suggesting that progesterone may favorably influence the rate of preterm delivery. Preterm delivery is a complex disorder and consequently it is unlikely that one generalized prevention strategy will be effective in all patients. Further, an additional impediment in accepting progesterone as the "magic bullet" in the prevention of preterm delivery is that its mechanism of action is not fully understood and the optimal formulations, route of administration, and dose have yet to be established. We have concerned ourselves in this review with the most recent status of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OH-PC) supplementation for prevention of preterm delivery. Our intention is to emphasize the efficacy, safety, and patient acceptability of this intervention, based on a comprehensive and unbiased review of the available literature. Currently there are insufficient data to suggest that 17OH-PC is superior or inferior to natural progesterone. Based on available evidence, we suggest a differential approach giving preferential consideration to either 17OH-PC or other progestins based on obstetric history and cervical surveillance. Progestin therapy for risk factors other than a history of preterm birth and/or a short cervix in the current pregnancy is not currently supported by the published evidence. The experience to date with 17OH-PC indicates that there are population subgroups that may be harmed by administration of 17OH-PC. Therefore, extending the use of 17OH-PC to unstudied populations or for indications that are not evidence-based is inadvisable outside of a research protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex C Vidaeff
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Alex C Vidaeff Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, 6651 Main Street, Suite F1020, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Tel +1 83 2826 3737, Fax +1 83 2825 9351, Email
| | - Michael A Belfort
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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