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Huang M, Duan S, Zhang Q, Guo L, Qin Z, Yang J. Deciphering the diurnal rhythm regulating mechanism of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 in mouse liver. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 169:106538. [PMID: 38320728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian genes play an important role in the field of drug metabolism. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 is a well-known phase I enzyme which participates in metabolism of many exogenous and endogenous substances, especially production of trimethylamine N-oxide. Here, we aimed to decipher diurnal rhythms of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 expression and activity, and explore the regulation mechanism by clock genes. Our results showed that its mRNA and protein exhibited robust diurnal rhythms in mouse liver and cell lines. Consistently, significant alterations were observed for in vitro microsomal N-oxidation rates of procainamide, which kept in line with its protein expression at different time in wild-type and reverse erythroblastosis virus α knockout mice. Further, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 was negatively regulated by E4 promoter-binding protein 4 in AML12 and Hepa1-6 cells, while it was positively influenced by reverse erythroblastosis virus α and brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed E4 promoter-binding protein 4 inhibited the transcription of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 by binding to a D-box1 element (-1606/-1594 bp), while brain and muscle ARNT-like protein-1 positively activated the transcription via direct binding to three E-boxes (-863/-858 bp, -507/-498 bp, and -115/-104 bp) in this enzyme promoter. Taken together, this study would be helpful to reveal the mechanism of clock-controlled drug metabolism and facilitate the practice of chrono-therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shuyi Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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2
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Li J, Xia H, Tong Y, Liu Y. Recent Advances in Hepatic Metabolic Regulation by the Nuclear Factor Rev-erbɑ. Curr Drug Metab 2024; 25:2-12. [PMID: 38409696 DOI: 10.2174/0113892002290055240212074758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Rev-erbɑ (NR1D1) is a nuclear receptor superfamily member that plays a vital role in mammalian molecular clocks and metabolism. Rev-erbɑ can regulate the metabolism of drugs and the body's glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis. It is even one of the important regulatory factors regulating the occurrence of metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, fatty liver). Metabolic enzymes mediate most drug metabolic reactions in the body. Rev-erbɑ has been recognized to regulate drug metabolic enzymes (such as Cyp2b10 and Ugt1a9). Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed that Rev-erbɑ regulates I and II metabolic enzymes in the liver to affect drug pharmacokinetics. The expression of these drug metabolic enzymes (up-regulated or down-regulated) is related to drug exposure and effects/ toxicity. In addition, our discussion extends to Rev-erbɑ regulating some transporters (such as P-gp, Mrp2, and Bcrp), as they also play an essential role in drug metabolism. Finally, we briefly describe the role and mechanism of nuclear receptor Rev-erbɑ in lipid and glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders syndrome. In conclusion, this paper aims to understand better the role and mechanism of Rev-erbɑ in regulating drug metabolism, lipid, glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders syndrome, which explores how to target Rev-erbɑ to guide the design and development of new drugs and provide scientific reference for the molecular mechanism of new drug development, rational drug use, and drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haishan Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongbin Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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3
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Lin L, Huang Y, Wang J, Guo X, Yu F, He D, Wu C, Guo L, Wu B. CRY1/2 regulate rhythmic CYP2A5 in mouse liver through repression of E4BP4. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115843. [PMID: 37797722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
CYP2A5, an enzyme responsible for metabolism of diverse drugs, displays circadian rhythms in its expression and activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully established. Here we aimed to investigate a potential role of CRY1/2 (circadian clock modulators) in circadian regulation of hepatic CYP2A5. Regulatory effects of CRY1/2 on CYP2A5 were determined using Cry1-null and Cry2-null mice, and validated using AML-12, Hepa1-6 and HepG2 cells. CYP2A5 activities both in vivo and in vitro were assessed using coumarin 7-hydroxylation as a probe reaction. mRNA and protein levels were detected by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Regulatory mechanism was studied using a combination of luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). We found that ablation of Cry1 or Cry2 in mice reduced hepatic CYP2A5 expression (at both mRNA and protein levels) and blunted its diurnal rhythms. Consistently, these knockouts showed decreased CYP2A5 activity (characterised by coumarin 7-hydroxylation) and a loss of its time-dependency, as well as exacerbated coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell-based assays confirmed that CRY1/2 positively regulated CYP2A5 expression and rhythms. Based on combined luciferase reporter, ChIP and Co-IP assays, we unraveled that CRY1/2 interacted with E4BP4 protein to repress its inhibitory effect on Cyp2a5 transcription and expression. In conclusion, CRY1/2 regulate rhythmic CYP2A5 in mouse liver through repression of E4BP4. These findings advance our understanding of circadian regulation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luomin Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocao Guo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di He
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhong S, Borlak J. Sex disparities in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanistic insights from a cRaf transgenic disease model. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104763. [PMID: 37625265 PMCID: PMC10470261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women are at greater risk of developing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet the underlying causes remain unclear. METHODS We performed whole genome scans in lung tumours of cRaf transgenic mice and identified miRNA, transcription factor and hormone receptor dependent gene regulations. We confirmed hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry and constructed regulatory gene networks by considering experimentally validated miRNA-gene and transcription factor-miRNA/gene targets. Bioinformatics, genomic foot-printing and gene enrichment analysis established sex-specific circuits of lung tumour growth. Translational research involved a large cohort of NSCLC patients. We evaluated commonalities in sex-specific NSCLC gene regulations between mice and humans and determined their prognostic value in Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and COX proportional hazard regression analysis. FINDINGS Overexpression of the cRaf kinase elicited an extraordinary 8-fold increase in tumour growth among females, and nearly 70% of the 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were female specific. We identified oncogenes, oncomirs, tumour suppressors, cell cycle regulators and MAPK/EGFR signalling molecules, which prompted sex-based differences in NSCLC, and we deciphered a regulatory gene-network, which protected males from accelerated tumour growth. Strikingly, 41% of DEGs are targets of hormone receptors, and the majority (85%) are oestrogen receptor (ER) dependent. We confirmed the role of ER in a large cohort of NSCLC patients and validated 40% of DEGs induced by cRaf in clinical tumour samples. INTERPRETATION We report the molecular wiring that prompted sex disparities in tumour growth. This allowed us to propose the development of molecular targeted therapies by jointly blocking ER, CDK1 and arginase 2 in NSCLC. FUNDING We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the Lower Saxony Ministry of Culture and Sciences and Volkswagen Foundation, Germany to JB (25A.5-7251-99-3/00) and of the Chinese Scholarship Council to SZ (202008080022). This publication is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of the "Open Access Publikationskosten" program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhong
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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Zhong D, Cai J, Hu C, Chen J, Zhang R, Fan C, Li S, Zhang H, Xu Z, Jia Z, Guo D, Sun Y. Inhibition of mPGES-2 ameliorates NASH by activating NR1D1 via heme. Hepatology 2023; 78:547-561. [PMID: 35839302 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a complex metabolic syndrome, has limited therapeutic options. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) was originally discovered as a prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthase; however, it does not produce PGE 2 in the liver. Moreover, the role of mPGES-2 in NAFLD remains undefined. Herein, we aimed to determine the function and mechanism of mPGES-2 in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To evaluate the role of mPGES-2 in NAFLD, whole-body or hepatocyte-specific mPGES-2-deficient mice fed a high-fat or methionine-choline-deficient diet were used. Compared with control mice, mPGES-2-deficient mice showed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, along with ameliorated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of mPGES-2 deficiency against NAFLD was dependent on decreased cytochrome P450 4A14 and increased acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 levels regulated by the heme receptor nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), but not PGE 2 . Heme regulated the increased NR1D1 activity mediated by mPGES-2 deficiency. Further, we confirmed the protective role of the mPGES-2 inhibitor SZ0232 in NAFLD therapy. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the pathogenic role of mPGES-2 and outlines the mechanism in mediating NAFLD, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of mPGES-2 inhibition in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics , Nanjing Children's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jingshuo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Rumeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology , Xuzhou Central Hospital , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics , Nanjing Children's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
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Chen M, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Du J, Zhang L, Li Y, Lu D, Wang Z, Wu B. Tangeretin prevents cognitive deficit in delirium through activating RORα/γ-E4BP4 axis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115286. [PMID: 36216079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized with acute cognitive and attentional deficits, however, the effective therapies are lacking. Here, using mouse models of delirium, we investigated the effects of tangeretin (TAN, a natural flavonoid) on cognitive impairment by assessing object preference with novel object recognition (NOR) test and spontaneous alternation with Y maze test. We found that TAN, as a RORα/γ agonist, prevented cognitive decline in delirious mice as evidenced by a normal novel object preference and increased spontaneous alternation. This was accompanied by decreased expression of ERK1/2, TNFα and IL-1β as well as diminished microglial activation in delirious mice. The protective effect of TAN on delirium was mainly attributed to increased hippocampal E4BP4 expression (a known target of RORs and a regulator of cognition in delirium through modulating the ERK1/2 cascade and microglial activation) via activation of RORα/γ. In addition, TAN treatment modulated the expression of RORα/γ target genes (such as E4bp4 and Bmal1) and inhibited the expression of TNFα and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells, supporting a beneficial effect of TAN on delirium. In conclusion, TAN is identified as a RORα/γ agonist which promotes E4BP4 expression to prevent cognitive decline in delirious mice. Our findings may have implications for drug development of TAN for prevention and treatment of various diseases associated with cognitive deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Du
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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He Y, Cen H, Guo L, Zhang T, Yang Y, Dong D, Wu B. Circadian Oscillator NPAS2 Regulates Diurnal Expression and Activity of CYP1A2 in Mouse Liver. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Chen M, Zhang L, Shao M, Du J, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Zhang T, Li Y, Zhou Q, Liu K, Wang Z, Wu B. E4BP4 Coordinates Circadian Control of Cognition in Delirium. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200559. [PMID: 35713240 PMCID: PMC9376827 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the etiologies of delirium, a common and severe neuropsychiatric syndrome, would facilitate the disease prevention and treatment. Here, the authors invesitgate the role of circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of delirium. They observe perturbance of circadian rhythms in mouse models of delirium and disrupted clock gene expression in patients with delirium. In turn, physiological and genetic circadian disruptions sensitize mice to delirium with aggravated cognitive impairment. Likewise, global deletion of E4bp4 (E4 promoter-binding protein), a clock gene markedly altered in delirium conditions, results in exacerbated delirium-associated cognitive decline. Cognitive decline in delirium models is attributed to microglial activation and impaired long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals microglia as the regulatory target of E4bp4. E4bp4 restrains microglial activation via inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Supporting this, mice lacking in microglial E4bp4 are delirious prone, whereas mice with E4bp4 specifically deleted in hippocampal CA1 neurons have a normal phenotype. Mechanistically, E4bp4 inhibits ERK1/2 signaling by trans-repressing Mapk1/3 (genes encoding ERK1/2) via direct binding to a D-box element in the promoter region. These findings define a causal role of clock dysfunction in delirium development and indicate E4bp4 as a regulator of cognition at the crosstalk between circadian clock and delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Mingting Shao
- Guangdong‐Hongkong‐Macau Institute of CNS RegenerationJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Jianhao Du
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yifang Li
- College of PharmacyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan University; The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen518119China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan University; The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen518119China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and MetabolismGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510006China
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Yu F, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhu L, Zhang T, Shi Y. Recent advances in circadian-regulated pharmacokinetics and its implications for chronotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115185. [PMID: 35902039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dependence of pharmacokinetics and drug effects (efficacy and toxicity) on dosing time has long been recognized. However, significant progress has only recently been made in our understanding of circadian rhythms and their regulation on drug pharmacokinetics, efficacy and toxicity. This review will cover the relevant literature and a series of publications from our work summarizing the effects of circadian rhythms on drug pharmacokinetics, and propose that the influence of circadian rhythms on pharmacokinetics are ultimately translated into therapeutic effects and side effects of drugs. Evidence suggests that daily rhythmicity in expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters necessary for drug ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) are key factors determining circadian pharmacokinetics. Newly discovered mechanisms for circadian control of the enzymes and transporters are covered. We also discuss how the rhythms of drug-processing proteins are translated into circadian pharmacokinetics and drug chronoefficacy/chronotoxicity, which has direct implications for chronotherapy. More importantly, we will present perspectives on the challenges that are still needed for a breakthrough in translational research. In addition, knowledge of the circadian influence on drug disposition has provided new possibilities for novel pharmacological strategies. Careful application of pharmacokinetics-based chronotherapy strategies can improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. Circadian rhythm-mediated metabolic and transport strategies can also be implemented to design drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Gao L, Ren S, Sun G, Lin Y, Wang S, Wu B. E4BP4 regulates hepatic SLC2A9 and uric acid disposition in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:591-599. [PMID: 35246462 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC2A9 is a voltage-driven transporter that mediates cellular uptake and efflux of various substrates such as uric acid. Here, we investigated the role of the transcription factor E4BP4 in regulating hepatic SLC2A9 in mice. Effects of E4BP4 on hepatic SLC2A9 and other transporters were examined using E4bp4 knockout (E4bp4 -/-) mice. Transporting activity of SLC2A9 was assessed using uric acid as a prototypical substrate. We found that three SLC genes (i.e., Slc2a9, Slc17a1, and Slc22a7) were up-regulated in the liver in E4bp4 -/- mice with Slc2a9 altered the most. E4bp4 ablation in mice blunted the diurnal rhythm in hepatic SLC2A9, in addition to increasing its expression. Furthermore, E4bp4 -/- mice showed increased hepatic uric acid but reduced uric acid in the plasma and urine. Consistently, allantoin, a metabolite of uric acid generated in the liver, was increased in the liver of E4bp4 -/- mice. E4bp4 ablation also protected mice from potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia. Moreover, negative effects of E4BP4 on SLC2A9 were validated in Hepa-1c1c7 and in primary mouse hepatocytes. In addition, according to luciferase reporter and ChIP assays, we found that E4BP4 repressed Slc2a9 transcription and expression through direct binding to a D-box element (-531 bp to -524 bp) on the P2 promoter. In conclusion, E4BP4 was identified as a novel regulator of SLC2A9 and uric acid homeostasis, which might facilitate new therapies for reducing uric acid in various conditions related to hyperuricemia. Significance Statement Our findings identify E4BP4 as a novel regulator of SLC2A9 and uric acid homeostasis, which might facilitate new therapies for reducing uric acid in various conditions related to hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Wang
- Guangzhou university of Chinese medicine, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, China
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11
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Schugar RC, Gliniak CM, Osborn LJ, Massey W, Sangwan N, Horak A, Banerjee R, Orabi D, Helsley RN, Brown AL, Burrows A, Finney C, Fung KK, Allen FM, Ferguson D, Gromovsky AD, Neumann C, Cook K, McMillan A, Buffa JA, Anderson JT, Mehrabian M, Goudarzi M, Willard B, Mak TD, Armstrong AR, Swanson G, Keshavarzian A, Garcia-Garcia JC, Wang Z, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL, Brown JM. Gut microbe-targeted choline trimethylamine lyase inhibition improves obesity via rewiring of host circadian rhythms. eLife 2022; 11:e63998. [PMID: 35072627 PMCID: PMC8813054 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has repeatedly been linked to reorganization of the gut microbiome, yet to this point obesity therapeutics have been targeted exclusively toward the human host. Here, we show that gut microbe-targeted inhibition of the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) pathway protects mice against the metabolic disturbances associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO) or leptin deficiency (Lepob/ob). Small molecule inhibition of the gut microbial enzyme choline TMA-lyase (CutC) does not reduce food intake but is instead associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, improvement in glucose tolerance, and enhanced energy expenditure. We also show that gut microbial CutC inhibition is associated with reorganization of host circadian control of both phosphatidylcholine and energy metabolism. This study underscores the relationship between microbe and host metabolism and provides evidence that gut microbe-derived trimethylamine (TMA) is a key regulator of the host circadian clock. This work also demonstrates that gut microbe-targeted enzyme inhibitors have potential as anti-obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Schugar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Christy M Gliniak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Amy Burrows
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Chelsea Finney
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Kevin K Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Frederick M Allen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anthony D Gromovsky
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Chase Neumann
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Kendall Cook
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Amy McMillan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jennifer A Buffa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - James T Anderson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Tytus D Mak
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)GaithersburgUnited States
| | - Andrew R Armstrong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
| | - Garth Swanson
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jonathan Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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Guo L, Zhang L, Xu H, Yu P, Wang Z, Lu D, Chen M, Wu B. Diurnal hepatic CYP3A11 contributes to chronotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine in mice. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1019-1028. [PMID: 34311664 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1950867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Retrorsine (RTS) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (distributed in many medicinal plants) that has significant hepatotoxicity. Here, we aimed to determine the daily variations in RTS hepatotoxicity (chronotoxicity) in mice, and to investigate the role of metabolism in generating RTS chronotoxicity.2. Acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies were performed with mice after RTS administration at different times of the day. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring plasma ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) levels. mRNA and proteins were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Time-dependent in vitro metabolism of RTS was assessed by using mouse liver microsomes.3. We found that RTS toxicity was more severe in the dark phase (zeitgeber time 14 or ZT14 and ZT18) than in the light phase (ZT2 and ZT6). This chronotoxicity was associated with a dosing time difference in the systemic exposures of RTS and a pyrrolic ester metabolite (a cause of hepatotoxicity, measured by the levels of pyrrole-GSH conjugate and pyrrole-protein adducts due to a high chemical reactivity). Moreover, the CYP3A11 (a major enzyme for RTS bioactivation) inhibitor ketoconazole decreased the production of pyrrole-GSH conjugate and abrogated diurnal rhythm in RTS metabolism. In addition, E4bp4 (a circadian regulator of Cyp3a11) ablation abolished the rhythm of CYP3A11 expression and abrogated the dosing time-dependency of RTS toxicity.4. In conclusion, RTS chronotoxicity in mice was attributed to time-varying hepatic metabolism regulated by the circadian clock. Our findings have implications for reducing pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced toxicity via a chronotherapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Pei Yu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Jinan University, College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Chen X, Yu F, Guo X, Su C, Li SS, Wu B. Clock gene Bmal1 controls diurnal rhythms in expression and activity of intestinal carboxylesterase 1. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:52-59. [PMID: 33791812 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize diurnal rhythms in CES1 expression and activity in mouse intestine, and to investigate a potential role of the core clock gene Bmal1 in generating diurnal rhythms. METHODS The regulatory effects of intestinal Bmal1 on diurnal CES1 expression were assessed using intestine-specific Bmal1 knockout (Bmal1iKO) mice and colon cancer cells. The relative mRNA and protein levels were determined by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Metabolic activity of CES1 in vitro and in vivo were determined by microsomal assays and pharmacokinetic studies, respectively. Transcriptional gene regulation was investigated using luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS Total CES1 protein varied significantly according to time of the day in wild-type (Bmal1fl/fl) mice, peaking at ZT6. Of detectable Ces1 genes, Ces1d mRNA displayed a robust diurnal rhythm with a peak level at ZT6, whereas mRNAs of Ces1e, 1f and 1g showed no rhythms in wild-type mice. Loss of intestinal Bmal1 reduced the levels of total CES1 protein and Ces1d mRNA, and blunted their diurnal rhythms in mice. In vitro microsomal assays indicated that intestinal metabolism of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, a known CES1 substrate) was more extensive at ZT6 than at ZT18. ZT6 dosing of MMF to wild-type mice generated a higher systemic exposure of mycophenolic acid (the active metabolite of MMF) as compared with ZT18 dosing. Intestinal ablation of Bmal1 down-regulated CES1 metabolism at ZT6, and abolished its time-dependency both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Ces1d/CES1 rhythmicity and positive regulation of Ces1d/CES1 by BMAL1 were confirmed in CT26 and Caco-2 cells. Mechanistically, BMAL1 trans-activated Ces1d/CES1 probably via binding to the E-box elements in the gene promoters. CONCLUSIONS Bmal1 controls diurnal rhythms in expression and activity of intestinal CES1. Our findings have implications for understanding the crosstalk between circadian clock and xenobiotic metabolism in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Binzhou Polytechnic, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chong Su
- Zhuhai United Laboratories, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Shu Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhao Z, Yin L, Wu F, Tong X. Hepatic metabolic regulation by nuclear factor E4BP4. J Mol Endocrinol 2021; 66:R15-R21. [PMID: 33434146 PMCID: PMC7808567 DOI: 10.1530/jme-20-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Discovered as a b-ZIP transcription repressor 30 years ago, E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4BP4) has been shown to play critical roles in immunity, circadian rhythms, and cancer progression. Recent research has highlighted E4BP4 as a novel regulator of metabolisms in various tissues. In this review, we focus on the function and mechanisms of hepatic E4BP4 in regulating lipid and glucose homeostasis, bile metabolism, as well as xenobiotic metabolism. Finally, E4BP4-specific targets will be discussed for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211198
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Feihua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China 211198
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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15
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Circadian rhythm in pharmacokinetics and its relevance to chronotherapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Xu H, Chen M, Yu F, Zhang T, Wu B. Circadian Clock Component Rev-erb α Regulates Diurnal Rhythm of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1a9 and Drug Glucuronidation in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:681-689. [PMID: 32527940 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a family of phase II enzymes that play an important role in metabolism and elimination of numerous endo- and xenobiotics. Here, we aimed to characterize diurnal rhythm of Ugt1a9 in mouse liver and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the rhythmicity. Hepatic Ugt1a9 mRNA and protein displayed robust diurnal rhythms in wild-type mice with peak levels at zeitgeber time (ZT) 6. Rhythmicity in Ugt1a9 expression was confirmed using synchronized Hepa-1c1c7 cells. We observed time-varying glucuronidation (ZT6 > ZT18) of propofol, a specific Ugt1a9 substrate, consistent with the diurnal pattern of Ugt1a9 protein. Loss of Rev-erbα (a circadian clock component) downregulated the Ugt1a9 expression and blunted its rhythm in mouse liver. Accordingly, propofol glucuronidation was reduced and its dosing time dependency was lost in Rev-erbα -/- mice. Dec2 (a transcription factor) was screened to be the potential intermediate that mediated Rev-erbα regulation of Ugt1a9. We confirmed Rev-erbα as a negative regulator of Dec2 in mice and in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Based on promoter analysis and luciferase reporter assays, it was found that Dec2 trans-repressed Ugt1a9 via direct binding to an E-box-like motif in the gene promoter. Additionally, regulation of Ugt1a9 by Rev-erbα was Dec2-dependent. In conclusion, Rev-erbα generates and regulates rhythmic Ugt1a9 through periodical inhibition of Dec2, a transcriptional repressor of Ugt1a9. Our study may have implications for understanding of circadian clock-controlled drug metabolism and of metabolism-based chronotherapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hepatic Ugt1a9 displays diurnal rhythmicities in expression and glucuronidation activity in mice. It is uncovered that Rev-erbα generates and regulates rhythmic Ugt1a9 through periodical inhibition of Dec2, a transcriptional repressor of Ugt1a9. The findings may have implications for understanding of circadian clock-controlled drug metabolism and of metabolism-based chronotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Xu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics (H.X., M.C., F.Y., T.Z., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) (B.W.), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao M, Zhao H, Lin L, Wang Y, Chen M, Wu B. Nuclear receptor co-repressor RIP140 regulates diurnal expression of cytochrome P450 2b10 in mouse liver. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1139-1148. [PMID: 32238093 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1751342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms for circadian expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is essential for a better understanding of dosing time-dependent drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. CYP2B6 (Cyp2b10 in mice) is an important enzyme responsible for metabolism and detoxification of approximately 10% of drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of nuclear receptor co-repressor RIP140 in circadian regulation of Cyp2b10 in mice.We first uncovered diurnal rhythmicity in hepatic RIP140 mRNA and protein with peak values at ZT10 (ZT, zeitgeber time). RIP140 ablation up-regulated Cyp2b10 expression and blunted its rhythm in mice and in AML-12 cells. Consistent with a negative regulatory effect, overexpression of RIP140 inhibited Cyp2b10 promoter activity and reduced cellular Cyp2b10 expression.Furthermore, RIP140 suppressed Car- and Pxr-mediated transactivation of Cyp2b10, and the suppressive effects were attenuated when the RIP140 gene was silenced. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that recruitment of RIP140 protein to the Cyp2b10 promoter was circadian time-dependent in wild-type mice. More extensive recruitment was observed at ZT10 than at ZT2 consistent with the rhythmic pattern of RIP140 protein. However, the time-dependency of RIP140 recruitment was lost in RIP140-/- mice.Additionally, we identified a D-box and a RORE cis-element in RIP140 promoter. D-box- and RORE-acting clock components such as Dbp, E4bp4, Rev-erbα/β and Rorα transcriptionally regulated RIP140, potentially accounting for its rhythmic expression.In conclusion, RIP140 regulates diurnal expression of Cyp2b10 in mouse liver through periodical repression of Car- and Pxr-mediated transactivation. This co-regulator-driven mechanism represents a novel source of diurnal rhythmicity in drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luomin Lin
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen M, Zhou C, Zhang T, Wu B. Identification of rhythmic human CYPs and their circadian regulators using synchronized hepatoma cells. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1052-1063. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1737890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang S, Li F, Lin Y, Wu B. Targeting REV-ERBα for therapeutic purposes: promises and challenges. Theranostics 2020; 10:4168-4182. [PMID: 32226546 PMCID: PMC7086371 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
REV-ERBα (NR1D1) is a circadian clock component that functions as a transcriptional repressor. Due to its role in direct modulation of metabolic genes, REV-ERBα is regarded as an integrator of cell metabolism with circadian clock. Accordingly, REV-ERBα is first proposed as a drug target for treating sleep disorders and metabolic syndromes (e.g., dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and obesity). Recent years of studies uncover a rather broad role of REV-ERBα in pathological conditions including local inflammatory diseases, heart failure and cancers. Moreover, REV-ERBα is involved in regulation of circadian drug metabolism that has implications in chronopharmacology. In the meantime, recent years have witnessed discovery of an array of new REV-ERBα ligands most of which have pharmacological activities in vivo. In this article, we review the regulatory role of REV-ERBα in various types of diseases and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We also describe the newly discovered ligands and the old ones together with their targeting potential. Despite well-established pharmacological effects of REV-ERBα ligands in animals (preclinical studies), no progress has been made regarding their translation to clinical trials. This implies certain challenges associated with drug development of REV-ERBα ligands. In particular, we discuss the potential challenges related to drug safety (or adverse effects) and bioavailability. For new drug development, it is advocated that REV-ERBα should be targeted to treat local diseases and a targeting drug should be locally distributed, avoiding the adverse effects on other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanke Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Lu D, Zhao M, Chen M, Wu B. Circadian Clock-Controlled Drug Metabolism: Implications for Chronotherapeutics. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:395-406. [PMID: 32114506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dependence of drug metabolism on dosing time has long been recognized. However, only recently are the underlying mechanisms for circadian drug metabolism being clarified. Diurnal rhythmicity in expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is believed to be a key factor determining circadian metabolism. Supporting the notion that biological rhythms are generated and maintained by the circadian clock, a number of diurnal enzymes are under the control of the circadian clock. In general, circadian clock genes generate and regulate diurnal rhythmicity in drug-metabolizing enzymes via transcriptional actions on one or two of three cis-elements (i.e., E-box, D-box, and Rev-erb response element or RAR-related orphan receptor response element). Additionally, cycling or clock-controlled nuclear receptors such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ are contributors to diurnal enzyme expression. These newly discovered mechanisms for each of the rhythmic enzymes are reviewed in this article. We also discuss how the rhythms of enzymes are translated to circadian pharmacokinetics and drug chronotoxicity, which has direct implications for chronotherapeutics. Our discussion is also extended to two diurnal transporters (P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) that have an important role in drug absorption. Although the experimental evidence is lacking in metabolism-based chronoefficacy, circadian genes (e.g., Rev-erbα) as drug targets are shown to account for diurnal variability in drug efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms for generation of diurnal rhythmicity in drug-metabolizing enzymes. In this article, we review the newly discovered mechanisms for each of the rhythmic enzymes and discuss how the rhythms of enzymes are translated to circadian pharmacokinetics and drug chronotoxicity, which has direct implications for chronotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Lu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (D.L., M.Z., M.C., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.W.)
| | - Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (D.L., M.Z., M.C., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.W.)
| | - Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (D.L., M.Z., M.C., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.W.)
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (D.L., M.Z., M.C., B.W.) and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.W.)
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21
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Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) catalyze the oxygenation of numerous foreign chemicals. This review considers the roles of FMOs in the metabolism of endogenous substrates and in physiological processes, and focuses on FMOs of human and mouse. Tyramine, phenethylamine, trimethylamine, cysteamine, methionine, lipoic acid and lipoamide have been identified as endogenous or dietary-derived substrates of FMOs in vitro. However, with the exception of trimethylamine, the role of FMOs in the metabolism of these compounds in vivo is unclear. The use, as experimental models, of knockout-mouse lines deficient in various Fmo genes has revealed previously unsuspected roles for FMOs in endogenous metabolic processes. FMO1 has been identified as a novel regulator of energy balance that acts to promote metabolic efficiency, and also as being involved in the biosynthesis of taurine, by catalyzing the S-oxygenation of hypotaurine. FMO5 has been identified as a regulator of metabolic ageing and glucose homeostasis that apparently acts by sensing or responding to gut bacteria. Thus, FMOs do not function only as xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and there is a risk that exposure to drugs and environmental chemicals that are substrates or inducers of FMOs would perturb the endogenous functions of these enzymes.
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22
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Abstract
Metabolism and transport of many drugs oscillate with times of the day (solar time), resulting in circadian time-dependent drug exposure and pharmacokinetics.Time-dependent pharmacokinetics (also known as chronopharmacokinetics) is associated with time-varying drug effects and toxicity.This review summarizes drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters with rhythmic expressions in the liver, intestine and/or kidney. Correlations of these diurnal proteins with circadian variations in drug exposure and effects/toxicity are covered. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms for circadian control of enzymes and transporters.Mechanism-based chronopharmacokinetics would facilitate a better understanding of chronopharmacology and the design of time-specific drug delivery systems, ultimately leading to improved drug efficacy and minimized toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Zhao
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijie Xing
- Institution of Laboratory Animal, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Dong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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