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Hu HC, Yu SY, Tsai YH, Hsieh PW, Wang HC, Chen YN, Chuang YT, Lee MY, Chang HW, Hu HC, Wu YC, Chang FR, Szatmári I, Fülöp F. Synthesis of bioactive evodiamine and rutaecarpine analogues under ball milling conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2620-2629. [PMID: 38451121 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemical reactions achieved by processes such as milling and grinding are promising alternatives to traditional solution-based chemistry. This approach not only eliminates the need for large amounts of solvents, thereby reducing waste generation, but also finds applications in chemical and materials synthesis. The focus of this study is on the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives by ball milling, in particular evodiamine and rutaecarpine analogues. These compounds are of interest due to their diverse bioactivities, including potential anticancer properties. The study examines the reactions carried out under ball milling conditions, emphasizing their efficiency in terms of shorter reaction times and reduced environmental impact compared to conventional methods. The ball milling reaction of evodiamine and rutaecarpine analogues resulted in yields of 63-78% and 22-61%, respectively. In addition, these compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity, and evodiamine exhibited an IC50 of 0.75 ± 0.04 μg mL-1 against the Ca9-22 cell line. At its core, this research represents a new means to synthesise these compounds, providing a more environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yin Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 907101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-Ning Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
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Dai Z, Wu Y, Xiong Y, Wu J, Wang M, Sun X, Ding X, Yang L, Sun X, Ge G. CYP1A inhibitors: Recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:169-234. [PMID: 37337403 DOI: 10.1002/med.21982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) are key phase I xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that play a distinctive role in metabolic activation or metabolic clearance of a variety of procarcinogens, drugs, and endogenous substances. Human CYP1A subfamily contains two members (hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2), which are known to catalyze the oxidative activation of some environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that CYP1A inhibitor therapies are promising strategies for cancer chemoprevention or overcoming CYP1A-associated drug toxicity and resistance. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in the discovery and characterization of hCYP1A inhibitors, from the discovery approaches to structural features and biomedical applications of hCYP1A inhibitors. The inhibition potentials, inhibition modes, and inhibition constants of all reported hCYP1A inhibitors are comprehensively summarized. Meanwhile, the structural features and structure-activity relationships of different classes of hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2 inhibitors are analyzed and discussed in depth. Furthermore, the major challenges and future directions for this field are presented and highlighted. Collectively, the information and knowledge presented here will strongly facilitate the researchers to discover and develop more efficacious CYP1A inhibitors for specific purposes, such as chemo-preventive agents or as tool molecules in hCYP1A-related fundamental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, America
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Paudel S, Jo H, Lee T, Lee S. Selective inhibitory effects of suberosin on CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:365-371. [PMID: 37448189 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Suberosin is a natural phytoconstituent isolated from Citropsis articulata, especially employed for its anticoagulant properties. Although metabolic studies assessing suberosin have been conducted, it is possible interactions with drugs and food have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the selective inhibitory effects of suberosin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes using a cocktail probe assay. Various concentrations of suberosin (0-50 μM) were incubated with isoform-specific CYP probes in human liver microsomes (HLMs). We found that suberosin significantly inhibited CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylation, exhibiting IC50 values of 9.39 ± 2.05 and 3.07 ± 0.45 μM with and without preincubation in the presence of β-NADPH, respectively. Moreover, suberosin showed concentration-dependent, but not time-dependent, CYP1A2 inhibition in HLMs, indicating that suberosin acts as a substrate and reversible CYP1A2 inhibitor. Using a Lineweaver-Burk plot, we found that suberosin competitively inhibited CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylation. Furthermore, suberosin showed similar inhibitory effects on recombinant human CYP1A1 and 1A2. In conclusion, suberosin may elicit herb-drug interactions by selectively inhibiting CYP1A2 during the concurrent administration of drugs that act as CYP1A2 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjita Paudel
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoje Jo
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Mao X, Li H, Zheng J. Effects of xenobiotics on CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation and bioactivation of estradiol. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:1-49. [PMID: 36823774 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2177671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous estradiol (E2) exerts diverse physiological and pharmacological activities, commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to E2 potentially increases estrogenic cancer risk. Reportedly, CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation of E2 is largely concerned with its balance between detoxification and carcinogenic pathways. Among the three key CYP1 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mainly catalyze the formation of nontoxic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), while CYP1B1 specifically catalyzes the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2). 4-OH-E2 can be further metabolized to electrophilic quinone intermediates accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage. Since abnormal alterations in CYP1 activities can greatly affect the bioactivation process of E2, regulatory effects of xenobiotics on CYP1s are essential for E2-associated cancer development. To date, thousands of natural and synthetic compounds have been found to show potential inhibition and/or induction actions on the three CYP1 members. Generally, these chemicals share similar planar polycyclic skeletons, the structural motifs and substituent groups of which are important for their inhibitory/inductive efficiency and selectivity toward CYP1 enzymes. This review comprehensively summarizes these known inhibitors and/or inductors of E2-metabolizing CYP1s based on chemical categories and discusses their structure-activity relationships, which would contribute to better understanding of the correlation between xenobiotic-regulated CYP1 activities and estrogenic cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Xia H, Dai Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Shi Y, Lou H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:5-29. [PMID: 36442477 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Euodiae fructus, also known as Evodiae fructus, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried, nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. The main bioactive constituents of Euodiae fructus are alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The contents of these compounds vary greatly between different plant species, geographic locations, and harvest times, which thus affect the therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the diverse soft ionization techniques and mass analyzers of LC-MS methods for assessment of Euodiae fructus. METHODOLOGY A literature study was carried out by retrieving articles published between January 1988 and December 2021 from well-known databases, including PubMed, ASC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, J·STAGE, Thieme, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and CNKI. The chemical analysis methods were described in several categories in accordance with the used analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and counter-current chromatography (CCC). RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the achievements in chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus published in over three decades, covering the various chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for identification and quantification of phytochemical constituents. CONCLUSION The summary serves as an important basis for future phytochemical research and implementation of quality control methods in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of Euodiae fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- The People's Republic of China Taian Customs, Taian, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Educational of Minister, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Coelho NR, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Rodrigues TC, Monteiro EC, Morello J, Pereira SA. Pharmacological blockage of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis: a call for in vivo evidence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:215-243. [PMID: 34800164 PMCID: PMC8605459 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse compounds arising from the environment and the microbiota and host metabolism. Expanding evidence has been shown that the modulation of the canonical pathway of AHR occurs during several chronic diseases and that its abrogation might be of clinical interest for metabolic and inflammatory pathological processes. However, most of the evidence on the pharmacological abrogation of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis has been reported in vitro, and therefore, guidance for in vivo studies is needed. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of AHR antagonists and CYP1A1 inhibitors in different in vivo rodent (mouse or rat) models of disease. This review will serve as a road map for those researchers embracing this emerging therapeutic area targeting the AHR. Moreover, it is a timely opportunity as the first AHR antagonists have recently entered the clinical stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A B Pimpão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Correia
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T C Rodrigues
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E C Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Morello
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S A Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Lin JY, Yeh TH. Rutaecarpine administration inhibits cancer cell growth in allogenic TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer mice correlating with immune balance in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111648. [PMID: 33945915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rutaecarpine (Rut) is a plant alkaloid abundant in Euodia ruticarpa which is a Chinese herbal medicine used for treating various cancers. However, the Rut administration effect on prostate cancer in vivo remains unclear. AIM In the present study we established an allogenic TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer mouse model to evaluate the Rut administration effect and mechanism in vivo. METHODS To unravel the Rut administration effect on prostate cancer in vivo, C57BL/6J male mice (8 weeks old) were randomly grouped (n = 9), subcutaneously loaded with TRAMP-C1 prostate cancer cells and immediately given daily by gavage with Rut dissolved in soybean oil at 7 mg (low dose), 35 mg (medium dose), and 70 mg/kg b.w./day (high dose) for successive 39 days. RESULTS Rut administration significantly and dose-dependently reduced both tumor volume and solid prostate cancer weight in allogenic TRAMP-C1 male mice. Rut administration markedly increased (TNF-α+IFN-γ) (Th1-)/IL-10 (Th2-) cytokine secretion ratios by splenocytes and TNF-α (M1-)/IL-10 (M2-) cytokine secretion ratios by macrophages as compared to those of dietary control group, suggesting that Rut administration in vivo regulates the immune balance toward Th1- and M1-polarized characteristics. Decreased CD19+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of allogenic TRAMP-C1 mice were significantly elevated by Rut administration. Tumor weights positively correlated with TNF-α secretions by splenocytes, suggesting that there is a tumor cachexia in the tumor-bearing mice. Tumor weights negatively correlated with IgG (Th1-antibody) levels in the sera, suggesting that Th1-polarized immune balance may inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results evidenced that Rut administration suppresses prostate cancer cell growth in mice subcutaneously loaded with TRAMP-C1 cells and correlated the anti-cancer effects with Th1-polarized immune balance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-He Yeh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Molecular probes for human cytochrome P450 enzymes: Recent progress and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li M, Wang C. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113231. [PMID: 32758577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum (FTR) known as Tetradii fructus or Evodiae fructus (Wu-Zhu-Yu in Chinese) is a versatile herbal medicine which has been prescribed in Chinese herbal formulas and recognized in Japanese Kampo. FTR has been clinically used to treat various diseases such as headache, vomit, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea and pelvic inflammation for thousands of years. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present paper aimed to provide comprehensive information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug interaction and toxicology of FTR in order to build up a foundation on the mechanism of ethnopharmacological uses as well as to explore the trends and perspectives for further studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review collected the literatures published prior to July 2020 on the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of FTR. All relevant information on FTR was gathered from worldwide accepted scientific search engines and databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, ACS, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Information was also obtained from local books, PhD. and MSc. Dissertations as well as from Pharmacopeias. RESULTS FTR has been used as an herbal medicine for centuries in East Asia. A total of 165 chemical compounds have been isolated so far and the main chemical compounds of FTR include alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, and phenylpropanoids. Crude extracts, processed products (medicinal slices) and pure components of FTR exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, antioxidant, insecticide, regulating central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, cardiovascular protection. Furthermore, bioactive components isolated from FTR can induce drug interaction and hepatic injury. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic potential of FTR has been demonstrated with the pharmacological effects on cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, CNS, bacterial infection and obesity. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of FTR mostly focus on its main active alkaloids. Further in-depth studies on combined medication and processing approaches mechanisms, pharmacological and toxic effects not limited to the alkaloids, and toxic components of FTR should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li X, Ge J, Zheng Q, Zhang J, Sun R, Liu R. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine from Tetradium ruticarpum in the treatment of liver diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153180. [PMID: 32092638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is the pivotal organ responsible for plasma protein production, biliary secretion, xenobiotic elimination, glucose and lipid homeostasis. Dysregulation of these functions usually leads to liver diseases and further related complications. The incidence of liver diseases is increasing worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality when at advanced stages, and has become significant public health concern and substential economic burden. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies for managing liver diseases progression are urgently required. T. ruticarpum is one of the most famous and frequently used herbal medicine and has been prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for the treatment of various ailments, including liver diseases. A considerable amount of bioactive ingredients have been isolated and identified from the roots of T. ruticarpum, including alkaloids, saponins, phenols, volatile oils and other compounds. Among these compounds, evodiamine (EVO) and rutaecarpine (RUT) are believed to be the most bioactive compounds. PURPOSE To summarize recent findings regarding to the metabolism, pharmacological/toxicological effects of EVO and RUT and to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of them against liver diseases. METHODS Online academic databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and CNKI) were searched using search terms of "T. ruticarpum", "Wu Zhu Yu", "evodiamine", "rutaecarpine", "liver" and combinations to include published studies of EVO and RUT primarily from 2004-2019. Several critical previous studies beyond this period were also included. RESULTS Evodiamine (EVO) and rutaecarpine (RUT) are believed to be the most bioactive alkaloids in T. ruticarpum, having anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-lipotoxicity, anti-cancer activities, and thus having potential to improve liver disorders. In the current review, we comprehensively summarized recent progresses in the studies of EVO- and RUT-mediated promising hepatoprotective effects and also provide novel insights regarding the potential use of EVO and RUT as therapeutic options for the treatment of liver diseases. CONCLUSION With further in-depth pharmacology and pharmacokinetic studies, we believe that natural products in T. ruticarpum and their derivatives will become promising medicines with improved clinical efficacy for the treatment of liver diseases in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junde Ge
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Bei Yuan Da Jie, Jinan 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Da Xue Lu, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Bei Yuan Da Jie, Jinan 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Da Xue Lu, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Bei Yuan Da Jie, Jinan 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing 100029, China.
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An important mechanism of herb-induced hepatotoxicity: To produce RMs based on active functional groups-containing ingredients from phytomedicine by binding CYP450s. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Caffeine Consumption through Coffee: Content in the Beverage, Metabolism, Health Benefits and Risks. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world, acting by means of antagonism to adenosine receptors, mainly A1 and A2A. Coffee is the main natural source of the alkaloid which is quite soluble and well extracted during the brew’s preparation. After consumption, caffeine is almost completely absorbed and extensively metabolized in the liver by phase I (cytochrome P450) enzymes, mainly CYP1A2, which appears to be polymorphically distributed in human populations. Paraxanthine is the major caffeine metabolite in plasma, while methylated xanthines and methyluric acids are the main metabolites excreted in urine. In addition to stimulating the central nervous system, caffeine exerts positive effects in the body, often in association with other substances, contributing to prevention of several chronic diseases. The potential adverse effects of caffeine have also been extensively studied in animal species and in humans. These aspects will be approached in the present review.
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13
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Coumarins and P450s, Studies Reported to-Date. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081620. [PMID: 31022888 PMCID: PMC6515222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are important phase I enzymes involved in the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds mainly through mono-oxygenation reactions into more polar and easier to excrete species. In addition to their role in detoxification, they play important roles in the biosynthesis of endogenous compounds and the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Coumarins, phytochemicals abundant in food and commonly used in fragrances and cosmetics, have been shown to interact with P450 enzymes as substrates and/or inhibitors. In this review, these interactions and their significance in pharmacology and toxicology are discussed in detail.
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14
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Mohd Siddique MU, Barbhuiya TK, Sinha BN, Jayaprakash V. Phytoestrogens and their synthetic analogues as substrate mimic inhibitors of CYP1B1. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Shang XF, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu YQ, Guo X, Xu XS, Goto M, Li JC, Yang GZ, Lee KH. Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part I. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:775-828. [PMID: 28902434 PMCID: PMC6421866 DOI: 10.1002/med.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted tremendous attention from researchers worldwide since the 19th century. Over the past 200 years, many compounds from these two classes were isolated from natural sources, and most of them and their modified analogs possess significant bioactivities. Quinine and camptothecin are two of the most famous and important quinoline alkaloids, and their discoveries opened new areas in antimalarial and anticancer drug development, respectively. In this review, we survey the literature on bioactive alkaloids from these two classes and highlight research achievements prior to the year 2008 (Part I). Over 200 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antiviral, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antioxidant and other activities, were reviewed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Joshi P, Sonawane VR, Williams IS, McCann GJP, Gatchie L, Sharma R, Satti N, Chaudhuri B, Bharate SB. Identification of karanjin isolated from the Indian beech tree as a potent CYP1 enzyme inhibitor with cellular efficacy via screening of a natural product repository. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:371-382. [PMID: 30108931 PMCID: PMC6083783 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A1 is thought to mediate carcinogenesis in oral, lung and epithelial cancers. In order to identify a CYP1A1 inhibitor from an edible plant, 394 natural products in the IIIM's natural product repository were screened, at 10 μM concentration, using CYP1A1-Sacchrosomes™ (i.e. microsomal enzyme isolated from recombinant baker's yeast). Twenty-seven natural products were identified that inhibited 40-97% of CYP1A1's 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. The IC50 values of the 'hits', belonging to different chemical scaffolds, were determined. Their selectivity was studied against a panel of 8 CYP-Sacchrosomes™. In order to assess cellular efficacy, the 'hits' were screened for their capability to inhibit CYP enzymes expressed within live recombinant human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells from plasmids encoding specific CYP genes (1A2, 1B1, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4). Isopimpinellin (IN-475; IC50, 20 nM) and karanjin (IN-195; IC50, 30 nM) showed the most potent inhibition of CYP1A1 in human cells. Isopimpinellin is found in celery, parsnip, fruits and in the rind and pulp of limes whereas different parts of the Indian beech tree, which contain karanjin, have been used in traditional medicine. Both isopimpinellin and karanjin negate the cellular toxicity of CYP1A1-mediated benzo[a]pyrene. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations with CYP isoforms rationalize the observed trends in the potency and selectivity of isopimpinellin and karanjin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Joshi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 191 2569111
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
| | - Vinay R Sonawane
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
| | - Ibidapo S Williams
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street , Leicester , LE1 5XY , UK
| | - Glen J P McCann
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
| | - Linda Gatchie
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street , Leicester , LE1 5XY , UK
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
| | - Naresh Satti
- Natural Product Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 191 2569111
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
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17
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Zietek BM, Mladic M, Bruyneel B, Niessen WMA, Honing M, Somsen GW, Kool J. Nanofractionation Platform with Parallel Mass Spectrometry for Identification of CYP1A2 Inhibitors in Metabolic Mixtures. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 23:283-293. [PMID: 29262760 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217746323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
With early assessment of inhibitory properties of drug candidates and their circulating metabolites toward cytochrome P450 enzymes, drug attrition, especially later in the drug development process, can be decreased. Here we describe the development and validation of an at-line nanofractionation platform, which was applied for screening of CYP1A2 inhibitors in Phase I metabolic mixtures. With this platform, a metabolic mixture is separated by liquid chromatography (LC), followed by parallel nanofractionation on a microtiter well plate and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. After solvent evaporation, all metabolites present in the nanofractionated mixture are assayed utilizing a fluorescence CYP1A2 inhibition bioassay performed on the plate. Next, a bioactivity chromatogram is constructed from the bioassay results. By peak shape and retention time correlation of the bioactivity peaks with the obtained MS data, CYP1A2-bioactive inhibiting metabolites can be identified. The method correctly evaluated the potency of five CYP1A2 inhibitors. Mixtures comprising potent inhibitors of CYP1A2 or in vitro-generated metabolites of ellipticine were evaluated for their inhibitory bioactivities. In both cases, good LC separation of all compounds was achieved and bioactivity data could be accurately correlated with the parallel recorded MS data. Generation and evaluation of Phase II metabolites of hydroxylated ellipticine was also pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Zietek
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marija Mladic
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Bruyneel
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M A Niessen
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,3 hyphen MassSpec, Voorhout, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Honing
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,2 DSM Materials Science Center, Geleen, Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- 1 Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Cancer chemoprevention revisited: Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 as a target in the tumor and the microenvironment. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 63:1-18. [PMID: 29197745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is the use of synthetic, natural or biological agents to prevent or delay the development or progression of malignancies. Intriguingly, many phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects, recently proposed as chemoprevention strategies, are inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 family 1B1 (CYP1B1), an enzyme overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors and associated with angiogenesis. In turn, pro-inflammatory cytokines were reported to boost CYP1B1 expression, suggesting a key role of CYP1B1 in a positive loop of inflammatory angiogenesis. Other well-known pro-tumorigenic activities of CYP1B1 rely on metabolic bioactivation of xenobiotics and steroid hormones into their carcinogenic derivatives. In contrast to initial in vitro observations, in vivo studies demonstrated a protecting role against cancer for the other CYP1 family members (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2), suggesting that the specificity of CYP1 family inhibitors should be carefully taken into account for developing potential chemoprevention strategies. Recent studies also proposed a role of CYP1B1 in multiple cell types found within the tumor microenvironment, including fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells. Overall, our review of the current literature suggests a positive loop between inflammatory cytokines and CYP1B1, which in turn may play a key role in cancer angiogenesis, acting on both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Strategies aiming at specific CYP1B1 inhibition in multiple cell types may translate into clinical chemoprevention and angioprevention approaches.
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19
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Sridhar J, Goyal N, Liu J, Foroozesh M. Review of Ligand Specificity Factors for CYP1A Subfamily Enzymes from Molecular Modeling Studies Reported to-Date. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071143. [PMID: 28698457 PMCID: PMC6152251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family 1A enzymes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, are two of the most important enzymes implicated in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds through oxidation. These enzymes are also known to metabolize environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species, leading to the advent of several types of cancer. The development of selective inhibitors for these P450 enzymes, mitigating procarcinogenic oxidative effects, has been the focus of many studies in recent years. CYP1A1 is mainly found in extrahepatic tissues while CYP1A2 is the major CYP enzyme in human liver. Many molecules have been found to be metabolized by both of these enzymes, with varying rates and/or positions of oxidation. A complete understanding of the factors that govern the specificity and potency for the two CYP 1A enzymes is critical to the development of effective inhibitors. Computational molecular modeling tools have been used by several research groups to decipher the specificity and potency factors of the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 substrates. In this review, we perform a thorough analysis of the computational studies that are ligand-based and protein-ligand complex-based to catalog the various factors that govern the specificity/potency toward these two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Navneet Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Maryam Foroozesh
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, 1 Drexel Dr., New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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20
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Dutour R, Poirier D. Inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:296-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Burkina V, Rasmussen MK, Pilipenko N, Zamaratskaia G. Comparison of xenobiotic-metabolising human, porcine, rodent, and piscine cytochrome P450. Toxicology 2017; 375:10-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Ma BL, Ma YM. Pharmacokinetic herb–drug interactions with traditional Chinese medicine: progress, causes of conflicting results and suggestions for future research. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:1-26. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1124888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Mohd Siddique MU, McCann GJP, Sonawane V, Horley N, Williams IS, Joshi P, Bharate SB, Jayaprakash V, Sinha BN, Chaudhuri B. Biphenyl urea derivatives as selective CYP1B1 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8931-8936. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the discovery of ‘biphenyl ureas’ as selective CYP1B1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Usman Mohd Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi 835215
- India
| | | | - Vinay Sonawane
- Leicester School of Pharmacy
- De Montfort University
- Leicester
- UK
| | - Neill Horley
- Leicester School of Pharmacy
- De Montfort University
- Leicester
- UK
| | | | - Prashant Joshi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
| | - Sandip B. Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- Jammu 180001
- India
| | - Venkatesan Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi 835215
- India
| | - Barij N. Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi 835215
- India
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy
- De Montfort University
- Leicester
- UK
- CYP Design Limited
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24
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Wang YY, Yang J, Liu H, Lin FQ, Shi JS, Zhang F. Effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside on mouse liver cytochrome P450 enzyme expressions. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:279-85. [PMID: 25350237 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.976779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. To investigate the effects of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG), the main active component of Polygonum multiflorum, on mouse liver cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzyme protein expressions. Male mice were randomly divided into the control, TSG low (10 mg/kg) and high dose (40 mg/kg) groups. After TSG intragastrical administration for 3, 5 and 7 d, mice were sacrificed and the mouse body and liver weight were detected. The Cyp enzymes and various transcription factors such as AhR, PXR and PPARα protein expressions in mouse livers were measured by Western blotting assay. 2. No significant difference of mouse body and liver weight between the control and TSG treatment groups was detected. Additionally, TSG decreased Cyp1a2 and Cyp2e1 protein expressions after TSG treatment for 3, 5 and 7 d, respectively. Moreover, TSG suppressed Cyp3a11 protein expression after TSG treatment for 5 and 7 d. Furthermore, TSG high dose inhibited AhR and PXR protein expressions after TSG treatment for 5 and 7 d, while both TSG low dose and high dose obviously decreased PPARα protein level from TSG treatment for 3 d. 3. TSG has inhibitory effects on mouse liver Cyp1a2, Cyp2e1 and Cyp3a11 protein expressions through the suppression of AhR, PXR and PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Wang
- Key Lab of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University , Zunyi, Guizhou , P.R. China and
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Heinrich P, Diehl U, Förster F, Braunbeck T. Improving the in vitro ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay with RTL-W1 by metabolic normalization and use of β-naphthoflavone as the reference substance. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 164:27-34. [PMID: 24768776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay is a widely applied method for the evaluation of the dioxin-like activity of single substances and environmental samples. As for most enzyme assays, the specific activity is normally related to total protein contents, the determination of which has clear limitations in high-throughput assays. EROD induction potentials are usually expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalents, a substance highly toxic to humans. In order to compensate for these shortcomings, two modifications of the EROD protocol are proposed: (1) EROD activity is normalized to the metabolic activity of the cells as determined by a modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium (MTT) assay and expressed as metabolic cell equivalents (MCE) based on MTT data rather than to protein contents. Via MCE data, cytotoxicity information can always be reported in parallel to EROD data; with the protocol presented here, MTT and EROD data are collected simultaneously. (2) Among several reference substances tested (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), β-naphthoflavone and benzo[a]pyrene), β-naphthoflavone proved to be the most suitable reference for the routine in vitro EROD assay, although TCDD has generally been preferred for purely scientific reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heinrich
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Diehl
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Förster
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Cytochrome P450 family 1 inhibitors and structure-activity relationships. Molecules 2013; 18:14470-95. [PMID: 24287985 PMCID: PMC4216474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread use of O-alkoxyresorufin dealkylation assays since the 1990s, thousands of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes (P450s 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1) have been identified and studied. Generally, planar polycyclic molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, stilbenoids, and flavonoids are considered to potentially be effective inhibitors of these enzymes, however, the details of the structure-activity relationships and selectivity of these inhibitors are still ambiguous. In this review, we thoroughly discuss the selectivity of many representative P450 family 1 inhibitors reported in the past 20 years through a meta-analysis.
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Zhu QN, Zhang D, Jin T, Wu Q, Liu J, Lu YF. Rutaecarpine effects on expression of hepatic phase-1, phase-2 metabolism and transporter genes as a basis of herb-drug interactions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:215-219. [PMID: 23510861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rutaecarpine is an alkaloid of Evodia rutaecarpa which is traditionally used to treat human diseases. Rutaecarpine has been used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of disorders and found to produce herb-drug interactions. The basis of these herb-drug interactions is not completely understood. AIM OF STUDY To examine the effects of rutaecarpine on the expression of drug processing genes, including Phase-1 (P450 enzyme genes), Phase-2 (glucuronidation and sulfation genes) and Phase-3 (drug transporters) in liver of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally administered rutaecarpine at the doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg for consecutive 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose, blood and liver were collected. Total RNA was isolated, purified, and subjected to real-time RT-PCR analysis of genes of interest. RESULTS Rutaecarpine administration induced Cyp1a2, 2b10 and 2e1 as previously reported. Cyp3a11 and Cyp4a10 were also induced. For phase-2 enzyme genes, rutaecarpine increased glucuronyltransferases (Ugt1a1 and Ugt1a6), but had no effects on sulfotransferase (Sult1a1 and Sult1b1). Most interestingly, rutaecarpine increased hepatic uptake of organic anion transporting peptides (Oatp1a1, Oayp1a4, Oatp1b2, and Oatp2b1) and induced efflux transporter such as multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrp1, Mrp2, Mrp3, and Mrp4), especially at the doses of 20mg/kg and above. CONCLUSION The interactions of rutaecarpine with drugs involve not only the induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme genes, but also the induction of hepatic transporters and phase-2 enzyme genes. The effects of rutaecarpine on these drug processing genes could play integrated roles in producing herb-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Ni Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, PR China
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28
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Zhang YH, Zhang YJ, Guo YL, Li WJ, Yu C. Astragaloside IV inhibited the activity of CYP1A2 in liver microsomes and influenced theophylline pharmacokinetics in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:149-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
With the growing popularity of herbal and natural medicinal products, attention has turned to possible interactions between these products and pharmaceutical drugs. In this study, we examined whether astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) could inhibit the activity of CYP1A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
The effect of AGS-IV on CYP1A2 activity was investigated using probe substrates: phenacetin in vitro and theophylline in vivo. Phenacetin was incubated in rat liver microsomes with or without AGS-IV, and the mechanism, kinetics and type of inhibition were determined. The inhibitory effect of AGS-IV on CYP1A2 activity in rats was also determined using theophylline in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were observed after a single or week-long treatment with AGS-IV.
Key findings
AGS-IV was found to be a competitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 6.29 μm in vitro. In the multiple-pretreatment rat group, it was found to have a significantly higher area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) for theophylline, as well as a lower apparent oral total body clearance value (CL/F). In contrast, no significant difference in metabolism of theophylline was found for the single pretreatment group.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that AGS-IV is a potent inhibitor of CYP1A2. This work offers a useful reference for the reasonable and safe use of clinically prescribed herbal or natural products to avoid unnecessary herb–drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - You-Jin Zhang
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Lei Guo
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Kim SI, Lee SH, Lee ES, Lee CS, Jahng Y. New topoisomerases inhibitors: synthesis of rutaecarpine derivatives and their inhibitory activity against topoisomerases. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:785-9. [PMID: 22644846 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of rutaecarpine derivatives were prepared by employing previously reported methods and their inhibitory activities against topoisomerase I and II were evaluated. Among them, strongly cytotoxic 10-bromorutaecarpine and 3-chlororutaecarpine showed strong inhibitory activities against topo I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ill Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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30
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Hu CQ, Li F, Yang XW. Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of seven alkaloids and two flavonoids from rat plasma by HPLC-DAD after oral administration of Wuzhuyu decoction. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 14:370-381. [PMID: 22375876 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.656093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of seven alkaloids dehydroevodiamine (DHED), 10-hydroxyrutaecarpine (HDR), evodiamine (EDM), rutaecarpine (RCP), 1-methyl-2-n-nonyl-4(1H)quinolone (MNQ), evocarpine (ECP), and dihydroevocarpine (DHE), and two flavonoids isorhamnetin-7-O-rutinoside (RIM) and diosmetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (GRD) in rat plasma after oral administration of Wuzhuyu decoction. The flow rate was kept at 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was set at 300 nm. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.5013-30.076 μg/ml for DHED, 0.2161-21.608 μg/ml for RIM, 0.161-12.876 μg/ml for HDR, 0.2146-21.457 μg/ml for GRD, 2.0464-40.928 μg/ml for EDM, 1.0398-31.194 μg/ml for RCP, 0.5970-35.818 μg/ml for MNQ, 0.8371-20.928 μg/ml for ECP, and 0.5167-31.003 μg/ml for DHE. The precision (relative standard deviation (RSD), %) for all was less than 10% and the accuracy (relative error (RE), %) was within ± 10%. The results demonstrated that the assay had remarkable reproducibility with acceptable accuracy and precision. The lower limit of quantifications for the compounds in plasma ranged from 0.12 to 0.23 μg/ml and the lower limit of detections ranged from 0.024 to 0.076 μg/ml. This validated method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetics study of seven alkaloids and two flavonoids after orally administrating the Wuzhuyu decoction to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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31
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Gardner CR, Mishin V, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Exacerbation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by the anthelmentic drug fenbendazole. Toxicol Sci 2011; 125:607-12. [PMID: 22048645 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenbendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug widely used to prevent or treat nematode infections in laboratory rodent colonies. Potential interactions between fenbendazole and hepatotoxicants such as acetaminophen are unknown, and this was investigated in this study. Mice were fed a control diet or a diet containing fenbendazole (8-12 mg/kg/day) for 7 days prior to treatment with acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline. In mice fed a control diet, acetaminophen administration resulted in centrilobular hepatic necrosis and increases in serum transaminases, which were evident within 12 h. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity was markedly increased in mice fed the fenbendazole-containing diet, as measured histologically and by significant increases in serum transaminase levels. Moreover, in mice fed the fenbendazole-containing diet, but not the control diet, 63% mortality was observed within 24 h of acetaminophen administration. Fenbendazole by itself had no effect on liver histology or serum transaminases. To determine if exaggerated hepatotoxicity was due to alterations in acetaminophen metabolism, we analyzed sera for the presence of free acetaminophen and acetaminophen-glucuronide. We found that there were no differences in acetaminophen turnover. We also measured cytochrome P450 (cyp) 2e1, cyp3a, and cyp1a2 activity. Whereas fenbendazole had no effect on the activity of cyp2e1 or cyp3a, cyp1a2 was suppressed. A prolonged suppression of hepatic glutathione (GSH) was also observed in acetaminophen-treated mice fed the fenbendazole-containing diet when compared with the control diet. These data demonstrate that fenbendazole exacerbates the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen, an effect that is related to persistent GSH depletion. These findings are novel and suggest a potential drug-drug interaction that should be considered in experimental protocols evaluating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity in rodent colonies treated with fenbendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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32
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Ma BL, Yao MK, Han XH, Ma YM, Wu JS, Wang CH. Influences of Fructus evodiae pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1395-1401. [PMID: 21855623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma coptidis is a traditional Chinese medicine with pharmacological properties. It is usually prescribed with Fructus evodiae as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas. Here we report the influences of Fructus evodiae on the pharmacokinetics of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids and propose possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacokinetic experiments were performed in rats. In vitro absorption experiments were performed in everted rat gut sacs, while in vitro metabolism experiments and determination of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 mRNA expression were performed in rat liver microsomes. RESULTS Pretreatment with Fructus evodiae extract for two weeks decreased the systemic exposure of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. This effect was not due to inhibition of absorption or enhanced hepatic phase I metabolism of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids. However, Fructus evodiae pretreatment enhanced both the activity and expression of hepatic UGT1A1. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that Fructus evodiae pretreatment decreased the systemic exposure of the Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids by inducing hepatic UGT1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Liang Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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33
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Yang LP, Zhou ZW, Chen XW, Li CG, Sneed KB, Liang J, Zhou SF. Computational andin vitrostudies on the inhibitory effects of herbal compounds on human cytochrome P450 1A2. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:238-55. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.610833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Granger BA, Kaneda K, Martin SF. Multicomponent assembly strategies for the synthesis of diverse tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffolds. Org Lett 2011; 13:4542-5. [PMID: 21834504 DOI: 10.1021/ol201739u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several novel multicomponent assembly processes have been developed for the rapid and efficient assembly of various heterocyclic scaffolds bearing a tetrahydroisoquinoline core, each of which allows for facile derivatization to access a diverse array of compounds. This work led to the serendipitous discovery of a new method for the synthesis of a fused quinazolone ring system, which was applied to a one-step total synthesis of the quinazolinocarboline alkaloid rutaecarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Granger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Texas Institute for Drug and Diagnostic Development, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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35
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Seo YM, Noh KH, Kong MJ, Lee DH, Kang MJ, Jahng YD, Kang WK, Jeong BS, Jeong TC. Effects of Rutaecarpine on the Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine and Its Three Metabolites in Rats. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.2.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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36
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Zhou SF, Wang B, Yang LP, Liu JP. Structure, function, regulation and polymorphism and the clinical significance of human cytochrome P450 1A2. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 42:268-354. [PMID: 19961320 DOI: 10.3109/03602530903286476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a number of clinical drugs (e.g., clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline; n > 110), a number of procarcinogens (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene and aromatic amines), and several important endogenous compounds (e.g., steroids). CYP1A2 is subject to reversible and/or irreversible inhibition by a number of drugs, natural substances, and other compounds. The CYP1A gene cluster has been mapped on to chromosome 15q24.1, with close link between CYP1A1 and 1A2 sharing a common 5'-flanking region. The human CYP1A2 gene spans almost 7.8 kb comprising seven exons and six introns and codes a 515-residue protein with a molecular mass of 58,294 Da. The recently resolved CYP1A2 structure has a relatively compact, planar active site cavity that is highly adapted for the size and shape of its substrates. The architecture of the active site of 1A2 is characterized by multiple residues on helices F and I that constitutes two parallel substrate binding platforms on either side of the cavity. A large interindividual variability in the expression and activity of CYP1A2 has been observed, which is largely caused by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors (e.g., smoking). CYP1A2 is primarily regulated by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and CYP1A2 is induced through AhR-mediated transactivation following ligand binding and nuclear translocation. Induction or inhibition of CYP1A2 may provide partial explanation for some clinical drug interactions. To date, more than 15 variant alleles and a series of subvariants of the CYP1A2 gene have been identified and some of them have been associated with altered drug clearance and response and disease susceptibility. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical and toxicological significance of altered CYP1A2 expression and activity caused by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Zhou
- Discpline of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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37
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Haarmann-Stemmann T, Sendker J, Götz C, Krug N, Bothe H, Fritsche E, Proksch P, Abel J. Regulation of dioxin receptor function by different beta-carboline alkaloids. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:619-29. [PMID: 20449727 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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38
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Chien CF, Wu YT, Lee WC, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Herb–drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:458-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Han EH, Kim HG, Im JH, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. Up-regulation of CYP1A1 by rutaecarpine is dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor and calcium. Toxicology 2009; 266:38-47. [PMID: 19853001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rutaecarpine is a quinazolinocarboline alkaloid isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal fruit, Evodia rutaecarpa. In the present study, we investigated the effect of rutaecarpine on CYP1A1 expression mediated by [Ca(2+)] and the AhR pathway in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells. Rutaecarpine also significantly increased CYP1A1 enzyme activity and mRNA and protein levels. Rutaecarpine markedly induced XRE and AhR binding activity. CH-223191, an AhR antagonist, blocked the rutaecarpine-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activity and mRNA and protein expression. In addition, rutaecarpine remarkably induced the phosphorylation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK). W7 and BAPTA/AM, a CaM antagonist and an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, respectively, blocked the rutaecarpine-induced CYP1A1 enzyme activity and mRNA and protein expression. These results indicate that rutaecarpine induces CYP1A1 expression through AhR- and calcium-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Han
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
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40
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Zhou SF, Yang LP, Zhou ZW, Liu YH, Chan E. Insights into the substrate specificity, inhibitors, regulation, and polymorphisms and the clinical impact of human cytochrome P450 1A2. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:481-94. [PMID: 19590965 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-009-9127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human CYP1A2 is one of the major CYPs in human liver and metabolizes a variety of clinically important drugs (e.g., clozapine, tacrine, tizanidine, and theophylline), a number of procarcinogens (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B(1)), and several important endogenous compounds (e.g. steroids and arachidonic acids). Like many of other CYPs, CYP1A2 is subject to induction and inhibition by a number of compounds, which may provide an explanation for some drug interactions observed in clinical practice. A large interindividual variability in the expression and activity of CYP1A2 and elimination of drugs that are mainly metabolized by CYP1A2 has been observed, which is largely caused by genetic (e.g., SNPs) and epigenetic (e.g., DNA methylation) and environmental factors (e.g., smoking and comedication). CYP1A2 is primarily regulated by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and CYP1A2 is induced through AhR-mediated transactivation following ligand binding and nuclear translocation. To date, more than 15 variant alleles and a series of subvariants of the CYP1A2 gene have been identified and some of they have been associated with altered drug clearance and response to drug therapy. For example, lack of response to clozapine therapy due to low plasma drug levels has been reported in smokers harboring the -163A/A genotype; there is an association between CYP1A2*1F (-163C>A) allele and the risk for leflunomide-induced host toxicity. The *1F allele is associated with increased enzyme inducibility whereas *1C causes reduced inducibility. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical and toxicological significance of altered CYP1A2 expression and activity caused by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Zhou
- Discipline of Chinese Medicine, School of Health Sciences, WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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41
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EROD and MROD as Markers of Cytochrome P450 1A Activities in Hepatic Microsomes from Entire and Castrated Male Pigs. SENSORS 2009; 9:2134-47. [PMID: 22574004 PMCID: PMC3345832 DOI: 10.3390/s90302134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized the kinetic parameters of 7-ethoxy-resorufin O-deethylation (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylation (MROD) in hepatic microsomes from entire and castrated male pigs. Validation parameters of an HPLC-based method to analyse EROD and MROD activities are also described. Eadie-Hofstee plot analysis demonstrated a biphasic kinetic of EROD, indicating that at least two forms of cytochrome P450 are involved in this reaction. MROD followed monophasic kinetic, suggesting that a single enzyme, or enzymes with similar affinities, is responsible for the reaction. Inhibitory effects of α-naphthoflavone (ANF), ellipticine and furafylline were studied using microsomes from entire and castrated male pigs. ANF is a known inhibitor of both cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2); the presence of ANF in the incubations resulted in the inhibition of both EROD and MROD activities in porcine liver microsomes. EROD activities in porcine liver microsomes were also inhibited by selective CYP1A1 inhibitor ellipticine, but not by CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline. MROD activities were strongly inhibited by ellipticine and to a much lesser extent by furafylline. Further studies are needed to evaluate substrate specificities of porcine CYP1A1 and CYP1A2.
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42
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Finn RD, McLaughlin LA, Ronseaux S, Rosewell I, Houston JB, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Defining the in Vivo Role for cytochrome b5 in cytochrome P450 function through the conditional hepatic deletion of microsomal cytochrome b5. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:31385-93. [PMID: 18805792 PMCID: PMC2581580 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803496200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro, cytochrome b5 modulates the rate of
cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenation reactions. However, the role of
this enzyme in determining drug pharmacokinetics in vivo and the
consequential effects on drug absorption distribution, metabolism, excretion,
and toxicity are unclear. In order to resolve this issue, we have carried out
the conditional deletion of microsomal cytochrome b5 in
the liver to create the hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5
null mouse. These mice develop and breed normally and have no overt phenotype.
In vitro studies using a range of substrates for different P450
enzymes showed that in hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5
null NADH-mediated metabolism was essentially abolished for most substrates,
and the NADPH-dependent metabolism of many substrates was reduced by
50–90%. This reduction in metabolism was also reflected in the in
vivo elimination profiles of several drugs, including midazolam,
metoprolol, and tolbutamide. In the case of chlorzoxazone, elimination was
essentially unchanged. For some drugs, the pharmacokinetics were also markedly
altered; for example, when administered orally, the maximum plasma
concentration for midazolam was increased by 2.5-fold, and the clearance
decreased by 3.6-fold in hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5
null mice. These data indicate that microsomal cytochrome
b5 can play a major role in the in vivo
metabolism of certain drugs and chemicals but in a P450- and
substrate-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Finn
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute, Level 5, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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43
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhou X, Cai Z, Gong X, Zhou C. Quality evaluation of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 48:1230-6. [PMID: 18930617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and accurate HPLC-DAD method was developed for simultaneous determination of wuchuyuamide-I, quercetin, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine in Evodia rutaecarpa that has been widely used as one of the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Chromatographic separations were performed on a reverse-phase C(18) column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-water and the simultaneous detection at five wavelengths. Good linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of r higher than 0.999 for all the analytes. The recoveries measured at three levels varied from 98.77 to 102.36%. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the five chemical constituents in 36 batches of samples collected from different regions or time that were investigated and authenticated as E. rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of the five characteristic constituents. The total contents of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in different samples were calculated and the blending method proposed was demonstrated to be very useful in saving resources and in guiding rational herb use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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44
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Wu D, Hu Z. Rutaecarpine induces chloride secretion across rat isolated distal colon. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:256-66. [PMID: 18187619 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of rutaecarpine (Rut) on Cl(-) secretion across rat distal colonic mucosa. Basolateral application of Rut elicited an increase in short-circuit current (I(SC)) response in a concentration-dependent manner. Evidence that Rut-stimulated I(SC) was due to Cl(-) secretion is based on 1) inhibition of current by bumetanide; 2) Cl(-) channel blockers diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid, and glibenclamide; and 3) removal of Cl(-) ions in bath solution. Determination of neurogenic blockers on Rut-induced I(SC) indicated that pretreatment of tissues with tetrodotoxin or indomethacin, but not atropine or hexamethonium, inhibited Rut-induced response. Treatment with Rut led to release and synthesis of prostaglandin E(2) in rat colonic mucosa. Rut-stimulated I(SC) was markedly reduced by pretreatment with MDL-12,330A [cis-N-[2-phenylcyclopentyl]-azacyclotridec-1-en-2-amine] and N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H-89), but not with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester, bisindolylmaleimide, and thapsigargin. Elimination of the extracellular Ca(2+) also did not alter Rut response. Rut treatment resulted in the increase in intracellular cAMP levels and the activation of protein kinase A. Depolarizing the basolateral membrane with high K(+) showed that Rut-stimulated apical Cl(-) current was largely prevented by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitors. Permeabilizing apical membrane with nystatin revealed that Rut-stimulated basolateral K(+) current was specifically inhibited by Ba(2+) ions and chromanol 293B. The evidence derived from present study suggests that Rut-stimulated Cl(-) secretion is mediated by generation of endogenous prostaglandin E(2) and that it also involves the stimulation of cAMP and protein kinase A pathways, which subsequently lead to the activation of apical Cl(-) channels, mostly the CFTR and basolateral cAMP-dependent K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaZheng Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd., Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Wink M. Molecular modes of action of cytotoxic alkaloids: from DNA intercalation, spindle poisoning, topoisomerase inhibition to apoptosis and multiple drug resistance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2007; 64:1-47. [PMID: 18085328 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Noh EJ, Ahn KS, Shin EM, Jung SH, Kim YS. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression by dehydroevodiamine through suppression of NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Life Sci 2006; 79:695-701. [PMID: 16554073 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 02/04/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroevodiamine is a major bioactive quinazoline alkaloid isolated from Evodiae Fructus. We investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of dehydroevodiamine in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The results indicated that dehydroevodiamine inhibited the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 proteins and suppressed also their mRNAs from RT-PCR experiment on RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, this compound inhibited the level of LPS-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Therefore, we suggested that the effect of dehydroevodiamine-mediated inhibition of the expression LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 genes is due to under the suppression of NF-kappaB activation in the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Noh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 28 Yeongun-dong, Jongno-Ku, Seoul 110-460, South Korea
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Lee SK, Lee DW, Jeon TW, Jin CH, Kim GH, Jun IH, Lee DJ, Kim SI, Kim DH, Jahng Y, Jeong TC. Characterization of the Phase II metabolites of rutaecarpine in rat by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2006; 35:1135-45. [PMID: 16418066 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500363742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
From the authors' previous studies on the Phase I metabolism of rutaecarpine, nine metabolites formed were identified as products of hydroxylation on the aromatic rings in rat liver microsomes. In order to determine the possible metabolic fate of rutaecarpine, the Phase II metabolites of rutaecarpine were characterized in the present study by using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS). When male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated intravenously with 4 mg kg(-1) rutaecarpine, 16 different Phase I and II metabolites were identified in urine including four sulfate and four glucuronide conjugates. Phase I metabolites of rutaecarpine were identified as four mono-hydroxylated metabolites (M2-5) and four isobaric di-hydroxylated metabolites (M6-9). These metabolites were identical to the in vitro metabolites except one, which was hydroxylated in the aliphatic moiety. In addition, Phase II metabolites were identified as conjugated with sulfate (S1-4) and glucuronide (G1-4). In faeces, 11 different metabolites were identified. The metabolites M8 and glucuronide conjugated (G1-4) were not detected. Structures of all metabolites were confirmed with CID fragmentation spectra of MS(2), MS(3) and retention times by LC/ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Lee SK, Lee JH, Yoo HH, Kim DH, Jahng Y, Jeong TC. Characterization of human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of rutaecarpine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:304-9. [PMID: 16318905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rutaecarpine has recently been characterized to have an anti-inflammatory activity through cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition. The incubation of rutaecarpine with human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH generated six isobaric mono-hydroxylated metabolites. The specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes responsible for rutaecarpine metabolites were identified using the combination of chemical inhibition, immuno-inhibition and metabolism by cDNA expressed CYP enzymes. The results suggested that CYP3A4 might play major roles in the metabolism of rutaecarpine in human liver microsomes. The production of M1, M2, M3, M4 and M6 formed in human liver microsomes was inhibited by ketoconazole, a selective CYP3A4 inhibitor, and anti-CYP3A4 antibody. CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 played minor roles in the metabolism of rutaecarpine. These results were confirmed in microsomes derived from cDNA expressed lymphoblastoid cells. CYP3A4 microsome clearly formed M1, M2, M3 and M6. CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 microsomes comparably formed M5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
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Ueng YF, Don MJ, Jan WC, Wang SY, Ho LK, Chen CF. OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF THE ALKALOID RUTAECARPINE BY HUMAN CYTOCHROME P450. Drug Metab Dispos 2006; 34:821-7. [PMID: 16501007 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.007849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine is the main active alkaloid of the herbal medicine, Evodia rutaecarpa. To identify the major human cytochrome P450 (P450) participating in rutaecarpine oxidative metabolism, human liver microsomes and bacteria-expressed recombinant human P450 were studied. In liver microsomes, rutaecarpine was oxidized to 10-, 11-, 12-, and 3-hydroxyrutaecarpine. Microsomal 10- and 3-hydroxylation activities were strongly inhibited by ketoconazole. The 11- and 12-hydroxylation activities were inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone, quinidine, and ketoconazole. These results indicated that multiple hepatic P450s including CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 participate in rutaecarpine hydroxylations. Among recombinant P450s, CYP1A1 had the highest rutaecarpine hydroxylation activity. Decreased metabolite formation at high substrate concentration indicated that there was substrate inhibition of CYP1A1- and CYP1A2-catalyzed hydroxylations. CYP1A1-catalyzed rutaecarpine hydroxylations had V(max) values of 1,388 to approximately 1,893 pmol/min/nmol P450, K(m) values of 4.1 to approximately 9.5 microM, and K(i) values of 45 to approximately 103 microM. These results indicated that more than one molecule of rutaecarpine is accessible to the CYP1A active site. The major metabolite 10-hydroxyrutaecarpine decreased CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 activities with respective IC(50) values of 2.56 +/- 0.04, 2.57 +/- 0.11, and 0.09 +/- 0.01 microM, suggesting that product inhibition might occur during rutaecarpine hydroxylation. The metabolite profile and kinetic properties of rutaecarpine hydroxylation by human P450s provide important information relevant to the clinical application of rutaecarpine and E. rutaecarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune-Fang Ueng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, 155-1, Li-Nong Street, Sec. 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Jan WC, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Herb-drug interaction of Evodia rutaecarpa extract on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 102:440-5. [PMID: 16099612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The extract of Evodia rutaecarpa fruit and its preparation were used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and headache. To assess the possible herb-drug interaction, the ethanol extract of Evodia rutaecarpa fruit (1 and 2 g/kg/day, p.o.) and the herbal preparation Wu-Chu-Yu-Tang (1 and 5 g/kg/day) were given to rats daily for three consecutive days and on the fourth day theophylline was administered (2 mg/kg, i.v.). Theophylline concentration in blood was measured by a microdialysis coupled to a liquid chromatographic system. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated by noncompartmental model. The results indicate that the theophylline level was significantly decreased by the pretreatment with the extract of Evodia rutaecarpa and herbal preparation Wu-Chu-Yu-Tang with dose-related manner. It is suggested that the herb-drug interaction may occur through the induction of the metabolism of theophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ching Jan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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