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Abu-Elfotuh K, Abbas AN, Najm MAA, Qasim QA, Hamdan AME, Abdelrehim AB, Gowifel AMH, Al-Najjar AH, Atwa AM, Kozman MR, Khalil AS, Negm AM, Mousa SNM, Hamdan AM, Abd El-Rhman RH, Abdelmohsen SR, Tolba AMA, Aboelsoud HA, Salahuddin A, Darwish A. Neuroprotective effects of punicalagin and/or micronized zeolite clinoptilolite on manganese-induced Parkinson's disease in a rat model: Involvement of multiple pathways. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70008. [PMID: 39374157 PMCID: PMC11457879 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganism, a central nervous system dysfunction correlated with neurological deficits such as Parkinsonism, is caused by the substantial collection of manganese chloride (MnCl2) in the brain. OBJECTIVES To explore the neuroprotective effects of natural compounds, namely, micronized zeolite clinoptilolite (ZC) and punicalagin (PUN), either individually or in combination, against MnCl2-induced Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Fifty male albino rats were divided into 5 groups (Gps). Gp I was used as the control group, and the remaining animals received MnCl2 (Gp II-Gp V). Rats in Gps III and IV were treated with ZC and PUN, respectively. Gp V received both ZC and PUN as previously reported for the solo-treated plants. RESULTS ZC and/or PUN reversed the depletion of monoamines in the brain and decreased acetyl choline esterase activity, which primarily adjusted the animals' behavior and motor coordination. ZC and PUN restored the balance between glutamate/γ-amino butyric acid content and markedly improved the brain levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 and decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta activity. ZC and PUN also inhibited inflammatory and oxidative markers, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, Toll-like receptor 4, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 and caspase-1. Bcl-2-associated X-protein and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2) can significantly modify caspase-3 expression. ZC and/or PUN ameliorated PD in rats by decreasing the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers (p-protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), glucose-regulated protein 78, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)) and enhancing the levels of an autophagy marker (Beclin-1). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ZC and/or PUN mitigated the progression of PD through their potential neurotrophic, neurogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities and by controlling ER stress through modulation of the PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ashwaq N Abbas
- College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimanyia, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Mazin A A Najm
- Department of Pharmacy, Mazaya University College, Thi-Qar, Alnasiriya, Iraq
| | - Qutaiba A Qasim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M E Hamdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany B Abdelrehim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ayah M H Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya H Al-Najjar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magy R Kozman
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza S Khalil
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira M Negm
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amira M Hamdan
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana H Abd El-Rhman
- Department of pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa R Abdelmohsen
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina M A Tolba
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdelnaser Aboelsoud
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Salahuddin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Ngwa HA, Bargues-Carot A, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese and Vanadium Co-Exposure Induces Severe Neurotoxicity in the Olfactory System: Relevance to Metal-Induced Parkinsonism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5285. [PMID: 38791326 PMCID: PMC11121436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic environmental exposure to toxic heavy metals, which often occurs as a mixture through occupational and industrial sources, has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinsonism. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) typically presents along with manganese (Mn), especially in welding rods and high-capacity batteries, including electric vehicle batteries; however, the neurotoxic effects of vanadium (V) and Mn co-exposure are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the neurotoxic impact of MnCl2, V2O5, and MnCl2-V2O5 co-exposure in an animal model. C57BL/6 mice were intranasally administered either de-ionized water (vehicle), MnCl2 (252 µg) alone, V2O5 (182 µg) alone, or a mixture of MnCl2 (252 µg) and V2O5 (182 µg) three times a week for up to one month. Following exposure, we performed behavioral, neurochemical, and histological studies. Our results revealed dramatic decreases in olfactory bulb (OB) weight and levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the treatment groups compared to the control group, with the Mn/V co-treatment group producing the most significant changes. Interestingly, increased levels of α-synuclein expression were observed in the substantia nigra (SN) of treated animals. Additionally, treatment groups exhibited locomotor deficits and olfactory dysfunction, with the co-treatment group producing the most severe deficits. The treatment groups exhibited increased levels of the oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal in the striatum and SN, as well as the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein PKCδ and accumulation of glomerular astroglia in the OB. The co-exposure of animals to Mn/V resulted in higher levels of these metals compared to other treatment groups. Taken together, our results suggest that co-exposure to Mn/V can adversely affect the olfactory and nigral systems. These results highlight the possible role of environmental metal mixtures in the etiology of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Afeseh Ngwa
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Alejandra Bargues-Carot
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Huajun Jin
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicity, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.B.-C.); (H.J.); (V.A.)
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3
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Aureliano M, De Sousa-Coelho AL, Dolan CC, Roess DA, Crans DC. Biological Consequences of Vanadium Effects on Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Lipid Peroxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065382. [PMID: 36982458 PMCID: PMC10049017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO), a process that affects human health, can be induced by exposure to vanadium salts and compounds. LPO is often exacerbated by oxidation stress, with some forms of vanadium providing protective effects. The LPO reaction involves the oxidation of the alkene bonds, primarily in polyunsaturated fatty acids, in a chain reaction to form radical and reactive oxygen species (ROS). LPO reactions typically affect cellular membranes through direct effects on membrane structure and function as well as impacting other cellular functions due to increases in ROS. Although LPO effects on mitochondrial function have been studied in detail, other cellular components and organelles are affected. Because vanadium salts and complexes can induce ROS formation both directly and indirectly, the study of LPO arising from increased ROS should include investigations of both processes. This is made more challenging by the range of vanadium species that exist under physiological conditions and the diverse effects of these species. Thus, complex vanadium chemistry requires speciation studies of vanadium to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the various species that are present during vanadium exposure. Undoubtedly, speciation is important in assessing how vanadium exerts effects in biological systems and is likely the underlying cause for some of the beneficial effects reported in cancerous, diabetic, neurodegenerative conditions and other diseased tissues impacted by LPO processes. Speciation of vanadium, together with investigations of ROS and LPO, should be considered in future biological studies evaluating vanadium effects on the formation of ROS and on LPO in cells, tissues, and organisms as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Aureliano
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- CCMar, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (D.C.C.); Tel.: +351-289-900-805 (M.A.)
| | - Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve (ESSUAlg), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Connor C. Dolan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Deborah A. Roess
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (D.C.C.); Tel.: +351-289-900-805 (M.A.)
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4
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Sivagurunathan N, Gnanasekaran P, Calivarathan L. Mitochondrial Toxicant-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease: What We Know so Far. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 13:1-13. [PMID: 36726995 PMCID: PMC9885882 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s361526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neuronal cells in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain. During biological aging, neuronal cells slowly undergo degeneration, but the rate of cell death increases tremendously under some pathological conditions, leading to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases. By the time symptoms of PD usually appear, more than 50 to 60% of neuronal cells have already been destroyed. PD symptoms often start with tremors, followed by slow movement, stiffness, and postural imbalance. The etiology of PD is still unknown; however, besides genetics, several factors contribute to neurodegenerative disease, including exposure to pesticides, environmental chemicals, solvents, and heavy metals. Postmortem brain tissues of patients with PD show mitochondrial abnormalities, including dysfunction of the electron transport chain. Most chemicals present in our environment have been shown to target the mitochondria; remarkably, patients with PD show a mild deficiency in NADH dehydrogenase activity, signifying a possible link between PD and mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of electron transport complexes generates free radicals that further attack the macromolecules leading to neuropathological conditions. Apart from that, oxidative stress also causes neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration due to the activation of microglial cells. However, the mechanism that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, especially the electron transport chain, in the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. This review discusses the recent updates and explains the possible mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicant-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Priyadharshini Gnanasekaran
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India,Correspondence: Latchoumycandane Calivarathan, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology (Sponsored by DST-FIST), School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, India, Tel +91-6381989116, Email
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5
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Deng Y, Peng D, Yang C, Zhao L, Li J, Lu L, Zhu X, Li S, Aschner M, Jiang Y. Preventive treatment with sodium para-aminosalicylic acid inhibits manganese-induced apoptosis and inflammation via the MAPK pathway in rat thalamus. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:59-68. [PMID: 34875954 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2008127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) may lead to neurotoxicity, referred to as manganism. In several studies, sodium para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS-Na) has shown efficacy against Mn-induced neurodegeneration by attenuating the neuroinflammatory response. The present study investigated the effect of Mn on inflammation and apoptosis in the rat thalamus, as well as the underlying mechanism of the PAS-Na protective effect. The study consisted of sub-acute (Mn treatment for 4 weeks) and sub-chronic (Mn and PAS-Na treatment for 8 weeks) experiments. In the sub-chronic experiments, pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were significantly increased in the Mn-exposed group compared to the control II. PAS-Na treatment led to a significant reduction in the Mn-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting IL-1β and COX-2 mRNA expression and reducing IL-1β secretion and JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activity. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased in both the sub-acute and sub-chronic experimental paradigms concomitant with a significant decrease in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in the thalamus of Mn-treated rats. PAS-Na also decreased the expression levels of several apoptotic markers downstream of the MAPK pathway, including Bcl-2/Bax and caspase-3, while up-regulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. In conclusion, Mn exposure led to inflammation in the rat thalamus concomitant with apoptosis, which was mediated via the MAPK signaling pathway. PAS-Na treatment antagonized effectively Mn-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting the MAPK activity in the same brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongjie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaojun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Yueming Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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6
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Brahadeeswaran S, Lateef M, Calivarathan L. An Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Mitochondrial Toxicant-induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:63-75. [PMID: 35125081 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220203163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorders affecting approximately 1% of the world's population at the age of 50 and above. Majority of PD cases are sporadic and show symptoms after the age of 60 and above. At that time, most of the dopaminergic neurons in the region of substantia nigra pars compacta have been degenerated. Although in past decades, discoveries of genetic mutations linked to PD have significantly impacted our current understanding of the pathogenesis of this devastating disorder, it is likely that the environment also plays a critical role in the etiology of sporadic PD. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that exposure to environmental agents, including a number of agricultural and industrial chemicals, may contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including PD. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction and several forms of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and PD. Interestingly, substantia nigra of patients with PD has been shown to have a mild deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) activity. This review discusses the role of mitochondrial toxicants in the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons targeting the electron transport system that leads to Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Brahadeeswaran
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Nunar Campus, Ganderbal - 191201, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi Campus, Thiruvarur - 610005, India
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7
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Bhat SM, Massey N, Shrestha D, Karriker LA, Jelesijević T, Wang C, Charavaryamath C. Transcriptomic and ultrastructural evidence indicate that anti-HMGB1 antibodies rescue organic dust-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:373-398. [PMID: 35244775 PMCID: PMC10155187 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to organic dust (OD) in agriculture is known to cause respiratory symptoms including loss of lung function. OD exposure activates multiple signaling pathways since it contains a variety of microbial products and particulate matter. Previously, we have shown how OD exposure leads to the secretion of HMGB1 and HMGB1-RAGE signaling, and how this can be a possible therapeutic target to reduce inflammation. Cellular mitochondria are indispensable for homeostasis and are emerging targets to curtail inflammation. Recently, we have also observed that OD exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by loss of structural integrity and deficits in bioenergetics. However, the role of HMGB1 in OD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to study whether decreased levels of intracellular HMGB1 or antibody-mediated neutralization of secreted HMGB1 would rescue mitochondrial dysfunction. Single and repeated ODE exposure showed an elongated mitochondrial network and cristolysis whereas HMGB1 neutralization or the lack thereof promotes mitochondrial biogenesis evidenced by increased mitochondrial fragmentation, increased DRP1 expression, decreased MFN2 expression, and increased PGC1α expression. Repeated 5-day ODE exposure significantly downregulated transcripts encoding mitochondrial respiration and metabolism (ATP synthase, NADUF, and UQCR) as well as glucose uptake. This was reversed by the antibody-mediated neutralization of HMGB1. Our results support our hypothesis that, in NHBE cells, neutralization of ODE-induced HMGB1 secretion rescues OD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Denusha Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Locke A Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tomislav Jelesijević
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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8
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Turski CA, Turski GN, Faber J, Teipel SJ, Holz FG, Klockgether T, Finger RP. Microvascular Breakdown Due to Retinal Neurodegeneration in Ataxias. Mov Disord 2021; 37:162-170. [PMID: 34533237 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative ataxias are devastating disorders of the cerebellum and spinal cord, accompanied by death of retinal ganglion cells, leading to relentlessly progressive decline of motor coordination and permanent disability. Retinal microvascular affection has not yet been determined. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess whether retinal microvascular alterations occur and, if so, whether they are concurrent with or follow cell death in the retina in neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS This study involves the cross-sectional observational study of 43 patients with ataxia and 43 controls enrolled from August 1, 2018, to September 30, 2020. The extent of ataxia was determined by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia. Changes in retinal vasculature were examined by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and retinal cell and fiber density by OCT in ataxias concurrently. RESULTS When comparing the ataxia cohort with healthy subjects, ataxia patients exhibited reduced vessel density in the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network (P = 0.005), capillary density inside the optic nerve head (cdONH) (P < 0.001), nasal superficial vascular plexus (P = 0.03) as well as reduced ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume (P = 0.04), and temporal peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P = 0.04). Mixed effect analysis modeling laterality confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a distinct pattern of concurrent changes in vessel density of the retinal superficial vascular complex, encompassing the superficial vascular plexus, RPC network and cdONH, and retinal GCL volume, providing new insights into the ongoing degeneration in ataxias. Our findings may have relevance for design of novel therapeutic approaches for ataxias and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Turski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabrielle N Turski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Faber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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9
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Saminathan H, Ghosh A, Zhang D, Song C, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Fyn Kinase-Mediated PKCδ Y311 Phosphorylation Induces Dopaminergic Degeneration in Cell Culture and Animal Models: Implications for the Identification of a New Pharmacological Target for Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:631375. [PMID: 33995031 PMCID: PMC8113680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.631375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis are some of the key etiological factors responsible for dopamin(DA)ergic degeneration during Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the downstream molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are largely unknown. Recently, a genome-wide association study revealed the FYN gene to be associated with PD, suggesting that Fyn kinase could be a pharmacological target for PD. In this study, we report that Fyn-mediated PKCδ tyrosine (Y311) phosphorylation is a key event preceding its proteolytic activation in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinsonism. MPP+/MPTP induced Fyn kinase activation in N27 DAergic neuronal cells and the mouse substantia nigra. PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation by activated Fyn initiates the apoptotic caspase-signaling cascade during DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological attenuation of Fyn activity protected DAergic neurons from MPP+-induced degeneration in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures. We further employed Fyn wild-type and Fyn knockout (KO) mice to confirm whether Fyn is a valid pharmacological target of DAergic neurodegeneration. Primary mesencephalic neurons from Fyn KO mice were greatly protected from MPP+-induced DAergic cell death, neurite loss and DA reuptake loss. Furthermore, Fyn KO mice were significantly protected from MPTP-induced PKCδ-Y311 phosphorylation, behavioral deficits and nigral DAergic degeneration. This study thus unveils a mechanism by which Fyn regulates PKCδ's pro-apoptotic function and DAergic degeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors directed at Fyn activation could prove to be a novel therapeutic target in the delay or halting of selective DAergic degeneration during PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G. Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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10
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Organic dust exposure induces stress response and mitochondrial dysfunction in monocytic cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:699-718. [PMID: 33755775 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne organic dust (OD), rich in microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), is shown to induce lung inflammation. A common manifestation in lung inflammation is altered mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics that regulate mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and feed a vicious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in other airway diseases is well known. However, whether OD exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction remains elusive. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust extract (ODE) exposure induces mitochondrial stress using a human monocytic cell line (THP1). We examined whether co-exposure to ethyl pyruvate (EP) or mitoapocynin (MA) could rescue ODE exposure induced mitochondrial changes. Transmission electron micrographs showed significant differences in cellular and organelle morphology upon ODE exposure. ODE exposure with and without EP co-treatment increased the mtDNA leakage into the cytosol. Next, ODE exposure increased PINK1, Parkin, cytoplasmic cytochrome c levels, and reduced mitochondrial mass and cell viability, indicating mitophagy. MA treatment was partially protective by decreasing Parkin expression, mtDNA and cytochrome c release and increasing cell viability.
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11
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Manganese Accumulation in the Brain via Various Transporters and Its Neurotoxicity Mechanisms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245880. [PMID: 33322668 PMCID: PMC7763224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several key enzymes, such as glutamine synthetase, arginase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. However, its chronic overexposure can result in a neurological disorder referred to as manganism, presenting symptoms similar to those inherent to Parkinson’s disease. The pathological symptoms of Mn-induced toxicity are well-known, but the underlying mechanisms of Mn transport to the brain and cellular toxicity leading to Mn’s neurotoxicity are not completely understood. Mn’s levels in the brain are regulated by multiple transporters responsible for its uptake and efflux, and thus, dysregulation of these transporters may result in Mn accumulation in the brain, causing neurotoxicity. Its distribution and subcellular localization in the brain and associated subcellular toxicity mechanisms have also been extensively studied. This review highlights the presently known Mn transporters and their roles in Mn-induced neurotoxicity, as well as subsequent molecular and cellular dysregulation upon its intracellular uptakes, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, disruption of neurotransmission, α-synuclein aggregation, and amyloidogenesis.
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12
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Song C, Charli A, Luo J, Riaz Z, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Mechanistic Interplay Between Autophagy and Apoptotic Signaling in Endosulfan-Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity: Relevance to the Adverse Outcome Pathway in Pesticide Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:333-352. [PMID: 30796443 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to pesticides is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we showed that dieldrin induces dopaminergic neurotoxicity by activating a cascade of apoptotic signaling pathways in experimental models of PD. Here, we systematically investigated endosulfan's effect on the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in dopaminergic neuronal cell models of PD. Exposing N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells to endosulfan rapidly induced autophagy, indicated by an increased number of autophagosomes and LC3-II accumulation. Prolonged endosulfan exposure (>9 h) triggered apoptotic signaling, including caspase-2 and -3 activation and protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) proteolytic activation, ultimately leading to cell death, thus demonstrating that autophagy precedes apoptosis during endosulfan neurotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy with wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, potentiated endosulfan-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy is an early protective response against endosulfan. Additionally, Beclin-1, a major regulator of autophagy, was cleaved during the initiation of apoptotic cell death, and the cleavage was predominantly mediated by caspase-2. Also, caspase-2 and caspase-3 inhibitors effectively blocked endosulfan-induced apoptotic cell death. CRISPR/Cas9-based stable knockdown of PKCδ significantly attenuated endosulfan-induced caspase-3 activation, indicating that the kinase serves as a regulatory switch for apoptosis. Additional studies in primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures confirmed endosulfan's effect on autophagy and neuronal degeneration. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a functional interplay between autophagy and apoptosis dictate pesticide-induced neurodegenerative processes in dopaminergic neuronal cells. Our study provides insight into cell death mechanisms in environmentally linked neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adhithiya Charli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Zainab Riaz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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13
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Hernroth B, Tassidis H, Baden SP. Immunosuppression of aquatic organisms exposed to elevated levels of manganese: From global to molecular perspective. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:103536. [PMID: 31705914 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal for all organisms. However, in excess it causes toxic effects but the impact on aquatic environments has so far been highly overlooked. Manganese is abundant both in costal and deep sea sediments and becomes bioavailable (Mn2+) during redox conditions. This is an increasing phenomenon due to eutrophication-induced hypoxia and aggravated through the ongoing climate change. Intracellular accumulation of Mn2+ causes oxidative stress and activates evolutionary conserved pathways inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Here, studies are compiled on how excess of dissolved Mn suppresses the immune system of various aquatic organisms by adversely affecting both renewal of immunocytes and their functionality, such as phagocytosis and activation of pro-phenoloxidase. These impairments decrease the animal's bacteriostatic capacity, indicating higher susceptibility to infections. Increased distribution of pathogens, which is believed to accompany climate change, requires preserved immune sentinel functions and Mn can be crucial for the outcome of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Hernroth
- Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden; The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, SE-450 34, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden.
| | - Helena Tassidis
- Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, SE-291 88, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Susanne P Baden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, SE-45034, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
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14
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Luo J, Padhi P, Jin H, Anantharam V, Zenitsky G, Wang Q, Willette AA, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Utilization of the CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing System to Dissect Neuroinflammatory and Neuropharmacological Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:595-607. [PMID: 30879240 PMCID: PMC6746615 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), impose an immense medical, emotional, and economic burden on patients and society. Due to a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors, the etiology of PD remains elusive. However, the cumulative evidence emerging from clinical and experimental research over the last several decades has identified mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and dysregulated protein degradation as the main drivers of PD neurodegeneration. The genome-editing system CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) has recently transformed the field of biotechnology and biomedical discovery and is poised to accelerate neurodegenerative disease research. It has been leveraged to generate PD animal models, such as Parkin, DJ-1, and PINK1 triple knockout miniature pigs. CRISPR has also allowed the deeper understanding of various PD gene interactions, as well as the identification of novel apoptotic pathways associated with neurodegenerative processes in PD. Furthermore, its application has been used to dissect neuroinflammatory pathways involved in PD pathogenesis, such as the PKCδ signaling pathway, as well as the roles of novel compensatory or protective pathways, such as Prokineticin-2 signaling. This review aims to highlight the historical milestones in the evolution of this technology and attempts to illustrate its transformative potential in unraveling disease mechanisms as well as in the development of innovative treatment strategies for PD. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Piyush Padhi
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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15
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Martins AC, Morcillo P, Ijomone OM, Venkataramani V, Harrison FE, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. New Insights on the Role of Manganese in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3546. [PMID: 31546716 PMCID: PMC6801377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is naturally found in the environment and is necessary as a cofactor for many enzymes and is important in several physiological processes that support development, growth, and neuronal function. However, overexposure to Mn may induce neurotoxicity and may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The present review aims to provide new insights into the involvement of Mn in the etiology of AD and PD. Here, we discuss the critical role of Mn in the etiology of these disorders and provide a summary of the proposed mechanisms underlying Mn-induced neurodegeneration. In addition, we review some new therapy options for AD and PD related to Mn overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.M.)
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.M.)
| | - Omamuyovwi Meashack Ijomone
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure 340252, Nigeria;
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology and Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Fiona Edith Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA;
| | - Aaron Blaine Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA (P.M.)
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16
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Harischandra DS, Ghaisas S, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Kanthasamy A, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity: New Insights Into the Triad of Protein Misfolding, Mitochondrial Impairment, and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:654. [PMID: 31293375 PMCID: PMC6606738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational or environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) can lead to the development of "Manganism," a neurological condition showing certain motor symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease (PD). Like PD, Mn toxicity is seen in the central nervous system mainly affecting nigrostriatal neuronal circuitry and subsequent behavioral and motor impairments. Since the first report of Mn-induced toxicity in 1837, various experimental and epidemiological studies have been conducted to understand this disorder. While early investigations focused on the impact of high concentrations of Mn on the mitochondria and subsequent oxidative stress, current studies have attempted to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways involved in Mn toxicity. In fact, recent reports suggest the involvement of Mn in the misfolding of proteins such as α-synuclein and amyloid, thus providing credence to the theory that environmental exposure to toxicants can either initiate or propagate neurodegenerative processes by interfering with disease-specific proteins. Besides manganism and PD, Mn has also been implicated in other neurological diseases such as Huntington's and prion diseases. While many reviews have focused on Mn homeostasis, the aim of this review is to concisely synthesize what we know about its effect primarily on the nervous system with respect to its role in protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, and consequently, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Based on the current evidence, we propose a 'Mn Mechanistic Neurotoxic Triad' comprising (1) mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, (2) protein trafficking and misfolding, and (3) neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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17
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Ugalde CL, Lawson VA, Finkelstein DI, Hill AF. The role of lipids in α-synuclein misfolding and neurotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9016-9028. [PMID: 31064841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (αsyn) in the central nervous system is associated with a group of neurodegenerative disorders referred to as the synucleinopathies. In addition to being a pathological hallmark of disease, it is now well-established that upon misfolding, αsyn acquires pathogenic properties, such as neurotoxicity, that can contribute to disease development. The mechanisms that produce αsyn misfolding and the molecular events underlying the neuronal damage caused by these misfolded species are not well-defined. A consistent observation that may be relevant to αsyn's pathogenicity is its ability to associate with lipids. This appears important not only to how αsyn aggregates, but also to the mechanism by which the misfolded protein causes intracellular damage. This review discusses the current literature reporting a role of lipids in αsyn misfolding and neurotoxicity in various synucleinopathy disorders and provides an overview of current methods to assess protein misfolding and pathogenicity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn L Ugalde
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia, .,the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and.,the Howard Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, and
| | | | - David I Finkelstein
- the Howard Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia, .,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, and
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18
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Harischandra DS, Rokad D, Neal ML, Ghaisas S, Manne S, Sarkar S, Panicker N, Zenitsky G, Jin H, Lewis M, Huang X, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese promotes the aggregation and prion-like cell-to-cell exosomal transmission of α-synuclein. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaau4543. [PMID: 30862700 PMCID: PMC6435331 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) is considered a key pathophysiological feature of certain neurodegenerative disorders, collectively termed synucleinopathies. Given that a prion-like, cell-to-cell transfer of misfolded αSyn has been recognized in the spreading of αSyn pathology in synucleinopathies, we investigated the biological mechanisms underlying the propagation of the disease with respect to environmental neurotoxic stress. Considering the potential role of the divalent metal manganese (Mn2+) in protein aggregation, we characterized its effect on αSyn misfolding and transmission in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. In cultured dopaminergic neuronal cells stably expressing wild-type human αSyn, misfolded αSyn was secreted through exosomes into the extracellular medium upon Mn2+ exposure. These exosomes were endocytosed through caveolae into primary microglial cells, thereby mounting neuroinflammatory responses. Furthermore, Mn2+-elicited exosomes exerted a neurotoxic effect in a human dopaminergic neuronal model (LUHMES cells). Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis revealed that Mn2+ accelerated the cell-to-cell transmission of αSyn, resulting in dopaminergic neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Mn2+ exposure. Welders exposed to Mn2+ had increased misfolded αSyn content in their serum exosomes. Stereotaxically delivering αSyn-containing exosomes, isolated from Mn2+-treated αSyn-expressing cells, into the striatum initiated Parkinsonian-like pathological features in mice. Together, these results indicate that Mn2+ exposure promotes αSyn secretion in exosomal vesicles, which subsequently evokes proinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses in both cell culture and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew L Neal
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sireesha Manne
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Souvarish Sarkar
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nikhil Panicker
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Gary Zenitsky
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mechelle Lewis
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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19
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Sarkar S, Malovic E, Jin H, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. The role of manganese in neuroinflammation. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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20
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Nelson M, Adams T, Ojo C, Carroll MA, Catapane EJ. Manganese toxicity is targeting an early step in the dopamine signal transduction pathway that controls lateral cilia activity in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 213:1-6. [PMID: 30010023 PMCID: PMC6103847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is a neurotoxin causing manganism, a Parkinson-like clinical disorder. Manganese has been shown to interfere with dopaminergic neurotransmission, but the neurotoxic mechanism involved is not fully resolved. In the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica also known as the eastern oyster, beating rates of lateral cilia of the gill are controlled by dopaminergic-serotonergic innervation originating from their cerebral and visceral ganglia. Terminal release of dopamine activates D2-like receptors on these gill cells inhibiting adenylyl cyclase and slowing cilia beating rates. In C. virginica, manganese treatment disrupts this dopaminergic innervation of the gill, preventing the normal cilio-inhibitory response of lateral cells to dopamine. In this study an adenylyl cyclase activator (forskolin) and two different inhibitors (MDL-12,330A and SQ 22,536) were used to determine if manganese had any effects on the adenylyl cyclase step of the dopamine D2 receptor signal transduction pathway. The results showed that neither the adenylyl cyclase activator nor the inhibitors were affected by manganese in the control of lateral ciliary activity. This suggests that in C. virginica the mechanism of manganese toxicity on the dopaminergic control of lateral ciliary activity is targeting an early step in the D2R signal transduction pathway, which may involve interference with D2 receptor activation or alternatively some other downstream signaling activity that does not affect adenylyl cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nelson
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Trevon Adams
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Christiana Ojo
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Margaret A Carroll
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Edward J Catapane
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA.
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21
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Yang YC, Tsai CY, Chen CL, Kuo CH, Hou CW, Cheng SY, Aneja R, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Pkcδ Activation is Involved in ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Cardiomyocytes Exposed to Advanced Glycation End Products (Ages). Aging Dis 2018; 9:647-663. [PMID: 30090653 PMCID: PMC6065295 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients exhibit serum AGE accumulation, which is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and diabetic cardiomyopathy. ROS-induced PKCδ activation is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells. However, the role of PKCδ in cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by AGE in diabetes is still unclear. AGE-BSA-treated cardiac cells showed dose- and time-dependent cell apoptosis, ROS generation, and selective PKCδ activation, which were reversed by NAC and rotenone. Similar tendency was also observed in diabetic and obese animal hearts. Furthermore, enhanced apoptosis and reduced survival signaling by AGE-BSA or PKCδ-WT transfection were reversed by kinase-deficient (KD) of PKCδ transfection or PKCδ inhibitor, respectively, indicating that AGE-BSA-induced cardiomyocyte death is PKCδ-dependent. Increased levels of mitochondrial mass as well as mitochondrial fission by AGE-BSA or PKCδ activator were reduced by rottlerin, siPKCδ or KD transfection, indicating that the AGE-BSA-induced mitochondrial damage is PKCδ-dependent. Using super-resolution microscopy, we confirmed that PKCδ colocalized with mitochondria. Interestingly, the mitochondrial functional analysis by Seahorse XF-24 flux analyzer showed similar results. Our findings indicated that cardiac PKCδ activation mediates AGE-BSA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via ROS production and may play a key role in the development of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chih Yang
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Tsai
- 2Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Taiwan.,3School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- 4Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- 5Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.,6Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- 5Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Yann Cheng
- 7Department of Medical Education and Research and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Taiwan.,8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University An Nan Hospital, Taiwan.,9Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ritu Aneja
- 10Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- 11Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
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22
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Organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos impairs STAT1 signaling to induce dopaminergic neurotoxicity: Implications for mitochondria mediated oxidative stress signaling events. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:82-113. [PMID: 29859868 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The organophosphate (OP) pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), used in agricultural settings, induces developmental and neurological impairments. Recent studies using in vitro cell culture models have reported CPF exposure to have a positive association with mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress response and dopaminergic cell death; however, the mechanism by which mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to dopaminergic cell death remains unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that STAT1, a transcription factor, causes apoptotic dopaminergic cell death via mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress mechanisms. Here we show that exposure of dopaminergic neuronal cells such as N27 cells (immortalized murine mesencephalic dopaminergic cells) to CPF resulted in a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic cell death as measured by MTS assay and DNA fragmentation. Similar effects were observed in CPF-treated human dopaminergic neuronal cells (LUHMES cells), with an associated increase in mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, CPF (10 μM) induced time-dependent increase in STAT1 activation coincided with the collapse of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, increase in ROS generation, proteolytic cleavage of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ), inhibition of the mitochondrial basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR), with a concomitant reduction in ATP-linked OCR and reserve capacity, increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and enhancement of autophagy. Additionally, by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrated that STAT1 bound to a putative regulatory sequence in the NOX1 and Bax promoter regions in response to CPF in N27 cells. Interestingly, overexpression of non-phosphorylatable STAT1 mutants (STAT1Y701F and STAT1S727A) but not STAT1 WT construct attenuated the cleavage of PKCδ and ultimately cell death in CPF-treated cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA knockdown demonstrated STAT1 to be a critical regulator of autophagy and mitochondria-mediated proapoptotic cell signaling events after CPF treatment in N27 cells. Finally, oral administration of CPF (5 mg/kg) in postnatal rats (PNDs 27-61) induced motor deficits, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration with a concomitant induction of STAT1-dependent proapoptotic cell signaling events. Conversely, co-treatment with mitoapocynin (a mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant) and CPF rescued motor deficits, and restored dopaminergic neuronal survival via abrogation of STAT1-dependent proapoptotic cell signaling events. Taken together, our study identifies a novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress response, PKCδ activation and autophagy. In this context, the phosphorylation of Tyrosine 701 and Serine 727 in STAT1 was found to be essential for PKCδ cleavage. By attenuating mitochondrial-derived ROS, mitoapocynin may have therapeutic applications for reversing CPF-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity and associated neurobehavioral deficits as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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Langley MR, Ghaisas S, Ay M, Luo J, Palanisamy BN, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. Manganese exposure exacerbates progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration in the MitoPark mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Relevance to gene and environment interactions in metal neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2018; 64:240-255. [PMID: 28595911 PMCID: PMC5736468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is now recognized as a neurodegenerative condition caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences. Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure has been implicated in the development of PD. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with PD pathology as well as Mn neurotoxicity, we investigated whether Mn exposure augments mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system using a newly available mitochondrially defective transgenic mouse model of PD, the MitoPark mouse. This unique PD model recapitulates key features of the disease including progressive neurobehavioral changes and neuronal degeneration. We exposed MitoPark mice to a low dose of Mn (10mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 4 weeks starting at age 8 wks and then determined the behavioral, neurochemical and histological changes. Mn exposure accelerated the rate of progression of motor deficits in MitoPark mice when compared to the untreated MitoPark group. Mn also worsened olfactory function in this model. Most importantly, Mn exposure intensified the depletion of striatal dopamine and nigral TH neuronal loss in MitoPark mice. The neurodegenerative changes were accompanied by enhanced oxidative damage in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of MitoPark mice treated with Mn. Furthermore, Mn-treated MitoPark mice had significantly more oligomeric protein and IBA-1-immunoreactive microglia cells, suggesting Mn augments neuroinflammatory processes in the nigrostriatal pathway. To further confirm the direct effect of Mn on impaired mitochondrial function, we also generated a mitochondrially defective dopaminergic cell model by knocking out the TFAM transcription factor by using a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing method. Seahorse mitochondrial bioenergetic analysis revealed that Mn decreases mitochondrial basal and ATP-linked respiration in the TFAM KO cells. Collectively, our results reveal that Mn can augment mitochondrial dysfunction to exacerbate nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and PD-related behavioral symptoms. Our study also demonstrates that the MitoPark mouse is an excellent model to study the gene-environment interactions associated with mitochondrial defects in the nigral dopaminergic system as well as to evaluate the contribution of potential environmental toxicant interactions in a slowly progressive model of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Muhammet Ay
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Bharathi N Palanisamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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24
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Bahar E, Lee GH, Bhattarai KR, Lee HY, Kim HK, Handigund M, Choi MK, Han SY, Chae HJ, Yoon H. Protective role of quercetin against manganese-induced injury in the liver, kidney, and lung; and hematological parameters in acute and subchronic rat models. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2605-2619. [PMID: 28919711 PMCID: PMC5592961 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s143875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an important mineral element required in trace amounts for development of the human body, while over- or chronic-exposure can cause serious organ toxicity. The current study was designed to evaluate the protective role of quercetin (Qct) against Mn-induced toxicity in the liver, kidney, lung, and hematological parameters in acute and subchronic rat models. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, Mn (100 mg/kg for acute model and 15 mg/kg for subchronic model), and Mn + Qct (25 and 50 mg/kg) groups in both acute and subchronic models. Our result revealed that Mn + Qct groups effectively reduced Mn-induced ALT, AST, and creatinine levels. However, Mn + Qct groups had effectively reversed Mn-induced alteration of complete blood count, including red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelets, and white blood cells. Meanwhile, the Mn + Qct groups had significantly decreased neutrophil and eosinophil and increased lymphocyte levels relative to the Mn group. Additionally, Mn + Qct groups showed a beneficial effect against Mn-induced macrophages and neutrophils. Our result demonstrated that Mn + Qct groups exhibited protective effects on Mn-induced alteration of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-3 activities. Furthermore, histopathological observation showed that Mn + Qct groups effectively counteracted Mn-induced morphological change in the liver, kidney, and lung. Moreover, immunohistochemically Mn + Qct groups had significantly attenuated Mn-induced 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine immunoreactivity. Our study suggests that Qct could be a substantially promising organ-protective agent against toxic Mn effects and perhaps against other toxic metal chemicals or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entaz Bahar
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University
| | | | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University
| | - Hyun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University
| | - Mallikarjun Handigund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Chonbuk National University
| | - Hyonok Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju
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25
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Wang W, Li D, Ding X, Zhao Q, Chen J, Tian K, Qiu Y, Lu L. N-Acetylcysteine protects inner ear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons from manganese exposure by regulating ROS levels. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:77-86. [PMID: 28778520 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an indispensable cofactor for many enzymes and a basic factor for many reproductive and metabolic pathways. However, exposure to high concentrations of Mn can result in deleterious effects on the central nervous system and peripheral nerves, including nerves associated with the auditory system. Based on our studies of cochlear organotypic cultures, Mn exposure induces a significant loss of hair cells (HCs), auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione (GSH) provider and a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), clearly decreases Mn-induced ROS accumulation, caspase-3 activation and TUNEL staining, which indicate increased cell survival. Based on these results, Mn exposure exerts ototoxic and neurotoxic effects on the auditory system. Furthermore, 20mM NAC may prevent 1mM Mn-induced hair cell loss and axonal degeneration, indicating that NAC could be a promising drug for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hu County People's Hospital, Xi'an 710300, China
| | - Xuerui Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Keyong Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lianjun Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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26
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Smith MR, Fernandes J, Go YM, Jones DP. Redox dynamics of manganese as a mitochondrial life-death switch. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:388-398. [PMID: 28212723 PMCID: PMC5382988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sten Orrenius, M.D., Ph.D., pioneered many areas of cellular and molecular toxicology and made seminal contributions to our knowledge of oxidative stress and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, organellar functions and Ca+2-dependent mechanisms of cell death, and mechanisms of apoptosis. On the occasion of his 80th birthday, we summarize current knowledge on redox biology of manganese (Mn) and its role in mechanisms of cell death. Mn is found in all organisms and has critical roles in cell survival and death mechanisms by regulating Mn-containing enzymes such as manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) or affecting expression and activity of caspases. Occupational exposures to Mn cause "manganism", a Parkinson's disease-like condition of neurotoxicity, and experimental studies show that Mn exposure leads to accumulation of Mn in the brain, especially in mitochondria, and neuronal cell death occurs with features of an apoptotic mechanism. Interesting questions are why a ubiquitous metal that is essential for mitochondrial function would accumulate to excessive levels, cause increased H2O2 production and lead to cell death. Is this due to the interactions of Mn with other essential metals, such as iron, or with toxic metals, such as cadmium? Why is the Mn loading in the human brain so variable, and why is there such a narrow window between dietary adequacy and toxicity? Are non-neuronal tissues similarly vulnerable to insufficiency and excess, yet not characterized? We conclude that Mn is an important component of the redox interface between an organism and its environment and warrants detailed studies to understand the role of Mn as a mitochondrial life-death switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ryan Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element, serving as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in various cellular and biochemical reactions in human body. However, chronic overexposure to Mn from occupational or environmental sources induces a neurological disorder, characterized by psychiatric, cognitive, and motor abnormalities, referred to as manganism. Mn-induced neurotoxicity is known to target astrocytes since these cells preferentially accumulate Mn. Astrocytes are the most abundant non-neuronal glial cells in the brain, and they play a critical role in maintaining the optimal glutamate levels to prevent excitotoxic death. The fine regulation of glutamate in the brain is accomplished by two major glutamate transporters - glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) that are predominantly expressed in astrocytes. Excitotoxic neuronal injury has been demonstrated as a critical mechanism involved in Mn neurotoxicity and implicated in the pathological signs of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recent evidences also establish that Mn directly deregulates the expression and function of both astrocytic glutamate transporters by decreasing mRNA and protein levels of GLT-1 and GLAST. Herein, we will review the mechanisms of Mn-induced gene regulation of glutamate transporters at the transcriptional level and their role in Mn toxicity.
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28
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Liu JP, Li J, Lu Y, Wang L, Chen G. Impulse control disorder, lysosomal malfunction and ATP13A2 insufficiency in Parkinsonism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 44:172-179. [PMID: 27997702 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal transport of cargos in neurons is essential for neuronal proteostasis, transmission and functional motors and behaviours. Lysosomal malfunction including storage disorders is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Given the unclear molecular mechanisms of diverse defects in PD phenotypes, especially behavioural deficits, this mini review explores the cellular contexts of PD impulse control disorders and the molecular aspects of lysosomal cross-membrane transports. Focuses are paid to trace metal involvements in α-synuclein assembly in Lewy bodies, the functions and molecular interactions of ATP13A2 as ATPase transporters in lysosomal membranes for cross-membrane trafficking and lysosomal homeostasis, and our current understandings of the neural circuits in ICD. Erroneously polarized distributions of cargos such as metals and lipids on each side of lysosomal membranes triggered by gene mutations and deregulated expression of ATP13A2 may thus instigate sensing protein structural changes such as aggregations, organelle degeneration, and specific neuronal ageing and death in Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Liu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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29
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Ijomone OM, Miah MR, Peres TV, Nwoha PU, Aschner M. Null allele mutants of trt-1, the catalytic subunit of telomerase in Caenorhabditis elegans, are less sensitive to Mn-induced toxicity and DAergic degeneration. Neurotoxicology 2016; 57:54-60. [PMID: 27593554 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to manganese (Mn) represents an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the catalytic subunit of mammalian telomerase participates in non-telomeric functions and may play a role in cellular protection from oxidative stress and DNA damage. trt-1 is the catalytic subunit of telomerase in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The present study investigated the relationship between trt-1 mutation and Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Wild-type (wt) and trt-1 worms were subjected to an acute Mn treatment of 1h at the first larval (L1) stage. Survival assay and behavior (Basal slowing response, chemotaxis) were assessed. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurodegeneration was evaluated in successful crosses of trt-1 worms expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) (dat-1:GFP worms). trt-1 worms were less sensitive to Mn-induced lethality compared to wt worms. Mn induced DAergic degeneration in wt worms, but not in trt-1 worms. Basal slowing was altered in both wt and trt-1 worms; however trt-1 worms were significantly less affected in their basal slowing behavior compared to wt worms. Mn treatment did not affect chemotaxis by NaCl in either wt or trt-1 mutants worms. Combined, the results establish that null mutation in trt-1 improves survival and attenuates damage to the DAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River, Nigeria; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Mahfuzur R Miah
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Polycarp U Nwoha
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
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30
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Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2548792. [PMID: 27314012 PMCID: PMC4899583 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2548792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5–5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the α-synuclein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent findings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression of α-synuclein. α-Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis. α-Synuclein also causes global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson's disease. This review presents the current state of findings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson's disease.
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31
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Emamzadeh FN. Alpha-synuclein structure, functions, and interactions. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:29. [PMID: 27904575 PMCID: PMC5122110 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.181989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
At present, when a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is made, serious damage has already been done to nerve cells of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The diagnosis of PD in its earlier stages, before this irreversible damage, would be of enormous benefit for future treatment strategies designed to slow or halt the progression of this disease that possibly prevents accumulation of toxic aggregates. As a molecular biomarker for the detection of PD in its earlier stages, alpha-synuclein (α-syn), which is a key component of Lewy bodies, in which it is found in an aggregated and fibrillar form, has attracted considerable attention. Here, α-syn is reviewed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nouri Emamzadeh
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4AY, UK
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32
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Kim DS, Jin H, Anantharam V, Gordon R, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. p73 gene in dopaminergic neurons is highly susceptible to manganese neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2016; 59:231-239. [PMID: 27107493 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese (Mn) has been linked to a Parkinsonian-like movement disorder, resulting from dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor system within the basal ganglia. However, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity remain elusive. In this study, we treated C57BL/6J mice with 30mg/kg Mn via oral gavage for 30 days. Interestingly, in nigral tissues of Mn-exposed mice, we found a significant downregulation of the truncated isoform of p73 protein at the N-terminus (ΔNp73). To further determine the functional role of Mn-induced p73 downregulation in Mn neurotoxicity, we examined the interrelationship between the effect of Mn on p73 gene expression and apoptotic cell death in an N27 dopaminergic neuronal model. Consistent with our animal study, 300μM Mn treatment significantly suppressed p73 mRNA expression in N27 dopaminergic cells. We further determined that protein levels of the ΔNp73 isoform was also reduced in Mn-treated N27 cells and primary striatal cultures. Furthermore, overexpression of ΔNp73 conferred modest cellular protection against Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Mn exposure downregulates p73 gene expression resulting in enhanced susceptibility to apoptotic cell death. Thus, further characterization of the cellular mechanism underlying p73 gene downregulation will improve our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Suk Kim
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Huajun Jin
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Richard Gordon
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson's Disorder Research Laboratory, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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Abstract
Metals play important roles in the human body, maintaining cell structure and regulating gene expression, neurotransmission, and antioxidant response, to name a few. However, excessive metal accumulation in the nervous system may be toxic, inducing oxidative stress, disrupting mitochondrial function, and impairing the activity of numerous enzymes. Damage caused by metal accumulation may result in permanent injuries, including severe neurological disorders. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a strong correlation between aberrant metal exposure and a number of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, Guillain–Barré disease, Gulf War syndrome, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Wilson’s disease. Here, we briefly survey the literature relating to the role of metals in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mahfuzur Rahman Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Riechers SP, Butland S, Deng Y, Skotte N, Ehrnhoefer DE, Russ J, Laine J, Laroche M, Pouladi MA, Wanker EE, Hayden MR, Graham RK. Interactome network analysis identifies multiple caspase-6 interactors involved in the pathogenesis of HD. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1600-18. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Caspase-3 is Involved in Aluminum-Induced Impairment of Long-Term Potentiation in Rats Through the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Neurotox Res 2016; 29:484-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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EGCG Protects against 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in a Cell Culture Model. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:843906. [PMID: 26770869 PMCID: PMC4684886 DOI: 10.1155/2015/843906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes severe brain dopamine depletion. Disruption of iron metabolism may be involved in the PD progression. Objective. To test the protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced neurotoxicity by regulating iron metabolism in N27 cells. Methods. Protection by EGCG in N27 cells was assessed by SYTOX green assay, MTT, and caspase-3 activity. Iron regulatory gene and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Intracellular iron uptake was measured using (55)Fe. The EGCG protection was further tested in primary mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by immunocytochemistry. Results. EGCG protected against 6-OHDA-induced cell toxicity. 6-OHDA treatment significantly (p < 0.05) increased divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and hepcidin and decreased ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) level, whereas pretreatment with EGCG counteracted the effects. The increased (55)Fe (by 96%, p < 0.01) cell uptake confirmed the iron burden by 6-OHDA and was reduced by EGCG by 27% (p < 0.05), supporting the DMT1 results. Pretreatment with EGCG and 6-OHDA significantly increased (p < 0.0001) TH(+) cell count (~3-fold) and neurite length (~12-fold) compared to 6-OHDA alone in primary mesencephalic neurons. Conclusions. Pretreatment with EGCG protected against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating genes and proteins involved in brain iron homeostasis, especially modulating hepcidin levels.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondria are structurally and biochemically diverse, even within a single type of cell. Protein complexes localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane synthesize ATP by coupling electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The organelles produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondrial oxygen and ROS can, in turn, alter the function and expression of proteins used for aerobic respiration by post-translational and transcriptional regulation. RECENT ADVANCES New interest is emerging not only into the roles of mitochondria in disease development and progression but also as a target for environmental toxicants. CRITICAL ISSUES Dysregulation of respiration has been linked to cell death and is a major contributor to acute neuronal trauma, peripheral diseases, as well as chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes to redox modulation, as well as examine the effects of environmental contaminants that have well-characterized mitochondrial toxicity. The contaminants discussed in this review are some of the most prevalent and potent environmental contaminants that have been linked to neurological dysfunction, altered cellular respiration, and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Caito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, New York
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Harischandra DS, Jin H, Anantharam V, Kanthasamy A, Kanthasamy AG. α-Synuclein protects against manganese neurotoxic insult during the early stages of exposure in a dopaminergic cell model of Parkinson's disease. Toxicol Sci 2014; 143:454-68. [PMID: 25416158 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological role of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregation in neurodegeneration is well recognized, but the physiological function of normal α-Syn remains unknown. As α-Syn protein contains multiple divalent metal binding sites, herein we conducted a comprehensive characterization of the role of α-Syn in manganese-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. We established transgenic N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells by stably expressing human wild-type α-Syn at normal physiological levels. α-Syn-expressing dopaminergic cells significantly attenuated Mn-induced neurotoxicity for 24-h exposures relative to vector control cells. To further explore cellular mechanisms, we studied the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. Analysis of a key mitochondrial apoptotic initiator, cytochrome c, revealed that α-Syn significantly reduces the Mn-induced cytochrome c release into cytosol. The downstream caspase cascade, involving caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, during Mn exposure was also largely attenuated in Mn-treated α-Syn cells in a time-dependent manner. α-Syn cells also showed a dramatic reduction in the Mn-induced proteolytic activation of the pro-apoptotic kinase PKCδ. The generation of Mn-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) did not differ between α-Syn and vector control cells, indicating that α-Syn exerts its protective effect independent of altering ROS generation. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed no significant differences in intracellular Mn levels between treated vector and α-Syn cells. Notably, the expression of wild-type α-Syn in primary mesencephalic cells also rescued cells from Mn-induced neurotoxicity. However, prolonged exposure to Mn promoted protein aggregation in α-Syn-expressing cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that wild-type α-Syn exhibits neuroprotective effects against Mn-induced neurotoxicity during the early stages of exposure in a dopaminergic neuronal model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Huajun Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Vellareddy Anantharam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Arthi Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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Li C, Feng M, Shi Z, Hao Q, Song X, Wang W, Zhao Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. Structural and biochemical insights into the activation mechanisms of germinal center kinase OSR1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35969-78. [PMID: 25389294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.592097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress-responsive 1 (OSR1) kinase belongs to the mammalian STE20-like kinase family. OSR1 is activated by with no lysine [K] (WNKs) kinases, and then it phosphorylates cation-coupled Cl-cotransporters, regulating ion homeostasis and cell volume in mammalian cells. However, the specific mechanisms of OSR1 activation remains poorly defined, largely due to its extremely low basal activity. Here, we dissect in detail the regulatory mechanisms of OSR1 activation from the aspects of autoinhibition, upstream kinase WNK, and the newly identified master regulator mouse protein-25 (MO25). Based on our structural and biochemical studies, we propose a "double lock" model, accounting for the tight autoinhibition of OSR1, an effect that has to be removed by WNK before MO25 further activates OSR1. Particularly, the conserved C-terminal (CCT) domain and αAL helix act together to strongly suppress OSR1 basal activity. WNKs bind to the CCT and trigger its conformational rearrangement to release the kinase domain of OSR1, allowing for MO25 binding and full activation. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of OSR1 activation were further corroborated by cellular studies of OSR1-regulated cell volume control through WNK-OSR1 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results provide insights into the OSR1 kinase activation to facilitate further functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Li
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Miao Feng
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Zhubing Shi
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Hao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Xiaomin Song
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Wenjia Wang
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Yun Zhao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
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Pivotal roles of p53 transcription-dependent and -independent pathways in manganese-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:294-302. [PMID: 25448048 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to excessive manganese (Mn) has been known to lead to neuronal loss and a clinical syndrome resembling idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). p53 plays an integral role in the development of various human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. However, the role of p53 in Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits remains obscure. In the present study, we showed that p53 was critically involved in Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis in rat striatum through both transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Western blot and immunohistochemistrical analyses revealed that p53 was remarkably upregulated in the striatum of rats following Mn exposure. Coincidentally, increased level of cleaved PARP, a hallmark of apoptosis, was observed. Furthermore, using nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells as a neuronal cell model, we showed that Mn exposure decreased cell viability and induced apparent apoptosis. Importantly, p53 was progressively upregulated, and accumulated in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic p53 had a remarkable distribution in mitochondria, suggesting an involvement of p53 mitochondrial translocation in Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. In addition, Mn-induced impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) could be partially rescued by pretreatment with inhibitors of p53 transcriptional activity and p53 mitochondrial translocation, Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) and Pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ), respectively. Moreover, blockage of p53 activities with PFT-α and PFT-μ significantly attenuated Mn-induced reactive oxidative stress (ROS) generation and mitochondrial H₂O₂ production. Finally, we observed that pretreatment with PFT-α and PFT-μ ameliorated Mn-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Collectively, these findings implicate that p53 transcription-dependent and -independent pathways may play crucial roles in the regulation of Mn-induced neuronal death.
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42
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Shi S, Zhao J, Yang L, Nie X, Han J, Ma X, Wan C, Jiang J. KHSRP participates in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum and PC12 cells. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:454-65. [PMID: 25027559 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient. However, exposure to high doses of Mn may lead to a neurological disease known as manganism, which is characterized by marked brain neuronal loss. K-homology splicing regulator protein (KHSRP) is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein and has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular signaling associated with neuronal apoptosis and survival, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In the present study, the role of KHSRP in Mn-induced neurotoxicity was investigated in vivo using a rat model of chronic Mn exposure and in vitro using differentiated PC12 cell cultures. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed a significant upregulation of KHSRP in rat striatum following Mn exposure. Immunofluorescent labeling indicated that KHSRP was localized mainly in neurons. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that KHSRP was mainly distributed in apoptotic neurons. Increased KHSRP expression was positively correlated with the upregulation of several apoptosis-related proteins, such as p53, bax, and active caspase-3. In addition, significant co-localization of KHSRP and active caspase-3 in neurons after Mn exposure was also observed, suggesting a potential involvement of KHSRP in the regulation of Mn-induced striatal neuronal apoptosis. Importantly, interference with KHSRP apparently decreased the level of p53 and attenuated Mn-induced neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that upregulation of KHSRP may be involved in the pathological process underlying Mn neurotoxicity via the modulation of p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshi Shi
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Fordahl SC, Erikson KM. Manganese accumulation in membrane fractions of primary astrocytes is associated with decreased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) uptake, and is exacerbated by oleic acid and palmitate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1148-1156. [PMID: 24814258 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure interferes with GABA uptake; however, the effects of Mn on GABA transport proteins (GATs) have not been identified. We sought to characterize how Mn impairs GAT function in primary rat astrocytes. Astrocytes exposed to Mn (500 μM) had significantly reduced (3)H-GABA uptake despite no change in membrane or cytosolic GAT3 protein levels. Co-treatment with 100 μM oleic or palmitic acids (both known to be elevated in Mn neurotoxicity), exacerbated the Mn-induced decline in (3)H-GABA uptake. Mn accumulation in the membrane fraction of astrocytes was enhanced with fatty acid administration, and was negatively correlated with (3)H-GABA uptake. Furthermore, control cells exposed to Mn only during the experimental uptake had significantly reduced (3)H-GABA uptake, and the addition of GABA (50 μM) blunted cytosolic Mn accumulation. These data indicate that reduced GAT function in astrocytes is influenced by Mn and fatty acids accumulating at or interacting with the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve C Fordahl
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 318 Stone Building, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, United States.
| | - Keith M Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 318 Stone Building, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, United States.
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44
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Jiang J, Shi S, Zhou Q, Ma X, Nie X, Yang L, Han J, Xu G, Wan C. Downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in manganese-induced neurotoxicity in rat striatum and PC12 cells. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:783-94. [PMID: 24464479 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element. However, exposure to excessive Mn may cause neurodegenerative disorders called manganism. Accumulating evidence indicated that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was tightly associated with the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. However, whether aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to Mn-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. The present study investigates the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses showed a remarkable downregulation of p-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin in rat striatum after Mn exposure. TUNEL assay revealed significant neuronal apoptosis following treatment with 25 mg/kg Mn. Immunofluorescent staining showed that β-catenin was expressed predominantly in neurons, and colocalization of β-catenin and active caspase-3 was observed after Mn exposure. Furthermore, Mn exposure resulted in PC12 cells apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduced levels of cellular β-catenin and p-GSK-3β. Accordingly, the mRNA level of the prosurvival factor survivin, a downstream target gene of β-catenin, was synchronously decreased. More importantly, blockage of GSK-3β activity with the GSK-3β inhibitor lithium chloride could attenuate Mn-induced downregulation of β-catenin and survivin as well as neuronal apoptosis. Overall, the present study demonstrates that downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be of vital importance in the neuropathological process of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkang Jiang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Fan Y, Li J, Zhang YQ, Jiang LH, Zhang YN, Yan CQ. Protein kinase C delta mediated cytotoxicity of 6-Hydroxydopamine via sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in PC12 cells. Neurol Res 2013; 36:53-64. [PMID: 24107416 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing as the global population ages. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) can induce PD-like neuropathology and biochemical changes in both in vitro and in vivo models. Therefore, clarification of the molecular mechanism of 6-OHDA-induced cell death might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of PD. METHODS With this goal in mind, we investigated the role of protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) in 6-OHDA-dependent death using the pheochromocytoma cell line, PC12. Cells were treated with 6-OHDA to induce toxicity with or without pretreatment using rottlerin (a PKC delta inhibitor), bisindolylmaleimide I (a general PKC inhibitor), Gö6976 (a PKC inhibitor selective for calcium-dependent PKC isoforms), or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, a PKC activator). RESULTS Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate decreased cell survival and increased the rate of apoptosis while rottlerin increased cell survival and decreased the rate of apoptosis. In contrast, neither bisindolylmaleimide I nor Gö6976 affected 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Western analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation of PKC delta on Thr 505 as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation increased after exposure to 6-OHDA. This increase in PKC delta phosphorylation was potentiated by PMA. However, rottlerin attenuated the 6-OHDA-stimulated increase in PKC delta and ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These data suggest that PKC delta, rather than classic-type PKC (alpha, beta1, beta2, gamma), participates in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells, and PKC delta activity is required for subsequent ERK activation during cell death.
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Wang L, Ding D, Salvi R, Roth JA. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide prevents neuroaxonal degeneration induced by manganese in cochlear organotypic cultures. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:65-74. [PMID: 24308914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace mineral for normal growth and development. Persistent exposures to high atmospheric levels of Mn have deleterious effects on CNS and peripheral nerves including those associated with the auditory system. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme which functions in the electron transfer system within the mitochondria. One of the most notable protective functions of NAD is to delay axonal degenerations caused by various neurodegenerative injuries. We hypothesized that NAD might also protect auditory nerve fibers (ANF) and SGN from Mn injury. To test this hypothesis, cochlear organotypic cultures were treated with different doses of Mn (0.5-3.0 mM) alone or combined with 20 mM NAD. Results demonstrate that the percentage of hair cells, ANF and SGN decreased with increasing Mn concentration. The addition of 20 mM NAD did not significantly reduce hair cells loss in the presence of Mn, whereas the density of ANF and SGN increased significantly in the presence of NAD. NAD suppressed Mn-induced TUNEL staining and caspase activation suggesting it prevents apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that excess Mn has ototoxic and neurotoxic effects on the auditory system and that NAD may prevent Mn-induced axonal degeneration and avoid or delay hearing loss caused by excess Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Jerome A Roth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States.
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Martinez-Finley EJ, Gavin CE, Aschner M, Gunter TE. Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:65-75. [PMID: 23395780 PMCID: PMC3713115 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential dietary nutrient, but an excess or accumulation can be toxic. Disease states, such as manganism, are associated with overexposure or accumulation of Mn and are due to the production of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and toxic metabolites; alteration of mitochondrial function and ATP production; and depletion of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms. This review focuses on all of the preceding mechanisms and the scientific studies that support them as well as providing an overview of the absorption, distribution, and excretion of Mn and the stability and transport of Mn compounds in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebany J Martinez-Finley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA; The Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Thomas E Gunter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Seo YA, Li Y, Wessling-Resnick M. Iron depletion increases manganese uptake and potentiates apoptosis through ER stress. Neurotoxicology 2013; 38:67-73. [PMID: 23764342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a risk factor for manganese (Mn) accumulation. Excess Mn promotes neurotoxicity but the mechanisms involved and whether iron depletion might affect these pathways is unknown. To study Mn intoxication in vivo, iron deficient and control rats were intranasally instilled with 60mg MnCl2/kg over 3 weeks. TUNEL staining of olfactory tissue revealed that Mn exposure induced apoptosis and that iron deficiency potentiated this effect. In vitro studies using the dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell line confirmed that Mn-induced apoptosis was enhanced by iron depletion using the iron chelator desferrioxamine. Mn has been reported to induce apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress. In SH-SY5Y cells, Mn exposure induced the ER stress genes glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP94) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Increased phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (phospho-eIF2α) was also observed. These effects were accompanied by the activation of ER resident enzyme caspase-12, and the downstream apoptotic effector caspase-3 was also activated. All of the Mn-induced responses were enhanced by DFO treatment. Inhibitors of ER stress and caspases significantly blocked Mn-induced apoptosis and its potentiation by DFO, indicating that ER stress and subsequent caspase activation underlie cell death. Taken together, these data reveal that Mn induces neuronal cell death through ER stress and the UPR response pathway and that this apoptotic effect is potentiated by iron deficiency most likely through upregulation of DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Seo
- Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Karki P, Lee E, Aschner M. Manganese neurotoxicity: a focus on glutamate transporters. Ann Occup Environ Med 2013; 25:4. [PMID: 24472696 PMCID: PMC3886254 DOI: 10.1186/2052-4374-25-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that is required in trace amount for normal growth, development as well maintenance of proper function and regulation of numerous cellular and biochemical reactions. Yet, excessive Mn brain accumulation upon chronic exposure to occupational or environmental sources of this metal may lead to a neurodegenerative disorder known as manganism, which shares similar symptoms with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In recent years, Mn exposure has gained public health interest for two primary reasons: continuous increased usage of Mn in various industries, and experimental findings on its toxicity, linking it to a number of neurological disorders. Since the first report on manganism nearly two centuries ago, there have been substantial advances in the understanding of mechanisms associated with Mn-induced neurotoxicity. This review will briefly highlight various aspects of Mn neurotoxicity with a focus on the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters in triggering its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215-B Garland Avenue, 11415 MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0414, USA
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Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M, Aschner M. Manganese toxicity in the central nervous system: the glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle. J Intern Med 2013; 273:466-77. [PMID: 23360507 PMCID: PMC3633698 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that is required for maintaining proper function and regulation of numerous biochemical and cellular reactions. Despite its essentiality, at excessive levels Mn is toxic to the central nervous system (CNS). Increased accumulation of Mn in specific brain regions, such as the substantia nigra, globus pallidus and striatum, triggers neurotoxicity resulting in a neurological brain disorder, termed manganism. Mn has been also implicated in the pathophysiology of several other neurodegenerative diseases. Its toxicity is associated with disruption of the glutamine (Gln)/glutamate (Glu)-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cycle (GGC) between astrocytes and neurons, thus leading to changes in Glu-ergic and/or GABAergic transmission and Gln metabolism. Here we discuss the common mechanisms underlying Mn-induced neurotoxicity and their relationship to CNS pathology and GGC impairment.
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