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Chahl LA. TRPV1 Channels in the Central Nervous System as Drug Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:756. [PMID: 38931423 PMCID: PMC11206835 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 channels are polymodal cation channels located predominantly on primary afferent neurons that are activated by inflammatory mediators, capsaicin (the active component in chili peppers), and noxious heat. TRPV1 channel antagonists are potential new analgesic agents, but their development has been hindered by the finding that they also produce loss of thermal homeostasis and response to noxious heat. Results from recent studies of the TRPV1 channel indicate that it might be possible to develop TRPV1 channel antagonists that inhibit pain without affecting noxious heat sensation. TRPV1 channels are also present in the central nervous system (CNS) and have been implicated in learning, memory, and behaviour. TRPV1 channel modulators have been proposed to have possible therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, further understanding of the role of TRPV1 channels in the CNS is required before therapeutic advances in the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions with TRPV1 channel modulators can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris A Chahl
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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2
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Maximiano TKE, Carneiro JA, Fattori V, Verri WA. TRPV1: Receptor structure, activation, modulation and role in neuro-immune interactions and pain. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102870. [PMID: 38531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, the identification of a non-selective ion channel, especially responsive to capsaicin, revolutionized the studies of somatosensation and pain that were to follow. The TRPV1 channel is expressed mainly in neuronal cells, more specifically, in sensory neurons responsible for the perception of noxious stimuli. However, its presence has also been detected in other non-neuronal cells, such as immune cells, β- pancreatic cells, muscle cells and adipocytes. Activation of the channel occurs in response to a wide range of stimuli, such as noxious heat, low pH, gasses, toxins, endocannabinoids, lipid-derived endovanilloid, and chemical agents, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin. This activation results in an influx of cations through the channel pore, especially calcium. Intracellular calcium triggers different responses in sensory neurons. Dephosphorylation of the TRPV1 channel leads to its desensitization, which disrupts its function, while its phosphorylation increases the channel's sensitization and contributes to the channel's rehabilitation after desensitization. Kinases, phosphoinositides, and calmodulin are the main signaling pathways responsible for the channel's regulation. Thus, in this review we provide an overview of TRPV1 discovery, its tissue expression as well as on the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation (directly or indirectly) induces pain in different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaila Kawane Euflazio Maximiano
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Aparecida Carneiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Karp Research Building, 300 Longwood Ave, 02115, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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3
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Liao Z, Umar M, Huang X, Qin L, Xiao G, Chen Y, Tong L, Chen D. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1: A potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13569. [PMID: 37994506 PMCID: PMC10905355 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the molecular mechanisms and analgesic effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the treatments of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We summarize and analyse current studies regarding the biological functions and mechanisms of TRPV1 in arthritis. We search and analyse the related literature in Google Scholar, Web of Science and PubMed databases from inception to September 2023 through the multi-combination of keywords like 'TRPV1', 'ion channel', 'osteoarthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis' and 'pain'. TRPV1 plays a crucial role in regulating downstream gene expression and maintaining cellular function and homeostasis, especially in chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, macrophages and osteoclasts. In addition, TRPV1 is located in sensory nerve endings and plays an important role in nerve sensitization, defunctionalization or central sensitization. TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel protein. Extensive evidence in recent years has established the significant involvement of TRPV1 in the development of arthritis pain and inflammation, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target for arthritis. TRPV1 likely represents a feasible therapeutic target for the treatment of OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Liao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co‐constructed by the Province and MinistryGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningGuangxiChina
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Xingyun Huang
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology and Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer‐aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenChina
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In Silico Drug Repurposing Framework Predicts Repaglinide, Agomelatine and Protokylol as TRPV1 Modulators with Analgesic Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122563. [PMID: 36559057 PMCID: PMC9781017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients. The use of current analgesics is limited by low efficacy and important side effects. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel, activated by capsaicin, heat, low pH or pro-inflammatory agents. Since TRPV1 is a potential target for the development of novel analgesics due to its distribution and function, we aimed to develop an in silico drug repositioning framework to predict potential TRPV1 ligands among approved drugs as candidates for treating various types of pain. Structures of known TRPV1 agonists and antagonists were retrieved from ChEMBL databases and three datasets were established: agonists, antagonists and inactive molecules (pIC50 or pEC50 < 5 M). Structures of candidates for repurposing were retrieved from the DrugBank database. The curated active/inactive datasets were used to build and validate ligand-based predictive models using Bemis−Murcko structural scaffolds, plain ring systems, flexophore similarities and molecular descriptors. Further, molecular docking studies were performed on both active and inactive conformations of the TRPV1 channel to predict the binding affinities of repurposing candidates. Variables obtained from calculated scaffold-based activity scores, molecular descriptors criteria and molecular docking were used to build a multi-class neural network as an integrated machine learning algorithm to predict TRPV1 antagonists and agonists. The proposed predictive model had a higher accuracy for classifying TRPV1 agonists than antagonists, the ROC AUC values being 0.980 for predicting agonists, 0.972 for antagonists and 0.952 for inactive molecules. After screening the approved drugs with the validated algorithm, repaglinide (antidiabetic) and agomelatine (antidepressant) emerged as potential TRPV1 antagonists, and protokylol (bronchodilator) as an agonist. Further studies are required to confirm the predicted activity on TRPV1 and to assess the candidates’ efficacy in alleviating pain.
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Slivicki RA, Yi J, Brings VE, Huynh PN, Gereau RW. The cannabinoid agonist CB-13 produces peripherally mediated analgesia in mice but elicits tolerance and signs of central nervous system activity with repeated dosing. Pain 2022; 163:1603-1621. [PMID: 34961756 PMCID: PMC9281468 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB 1 ) produces analgesia in a variety of preclinical models of pain; however, engagement of central CB 1 receptors is accompanied by unwanted side effects, such as psychoactivity, tolerance, and dependence. Therefore, some efforts to develop novel analgesics have focused on targeting peripheral CB 1 receptors to circumvent central CB 1 -related side effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of acute and repeated dosing with the peripherally selective CB 1 -preferring agonist CB-13 on nociception and central CB 1 -related phenotypes in a model of inflammatory pain in mice. We also evaluated cellular mechanisms underlying CB-13-induced antinociception in vitro using cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. CB-13 reduced inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia in male and female mice in a peripheral CB 1 -receptor-dependent manner and relieved inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. In cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons, CB-13 reduced TRPV1 sensitization and neuronal hyperexcitability induced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E 2 , providing potential mechanistic explanations for the analgesic actions of peripheral CB 1 receptor activation. With acute dosing, phenotypes associated with central CB 1 receptor activation occurred only at a dose of CB-13 approximately 10-fold the ED 50 for reducing allodynia. Strikingly, repeated dosing resulted in both analgesic tolerance and CB 1 receptor dependence, even at a dose that did not produce central CB 1 -receptor-mediated phenotypes on acute dosing. This suggests that repeated CB-13 dosing leads to increased CNS exposure and unwanted engagement of central CB 1 receptors. Thus, caution is warranted regarding therapeutic use of CB-13 with the goal of avoiding CNS side effects. Nonetheless, the clear analgesic effect of acute peripheral CB 1 receptor activation suggests that peripherally restricted cannabinoids are a viable target for novel analgesic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Slivicki
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jiwon Yi
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Division of Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Victoria E. Brings
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Phuong Nhu Huynh
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert W. Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center and Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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Zhu C, Wang M, Guo J, Su SL, Yu G, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Tang Z. Angelica dahurica Extracts Attenuate CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain via TRPV1 in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:4684830. [PMID: 35656472 PMCID: PMC9152374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4684830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angelica dahurica, belonging to the family Apiaceae, is a well-known herbal medicine. The roots of Angelica dahurica are commonly used for the treatment of headache, toothache, abscess, furunculosis, and acne. However, little is known about their analgesic molecular mechanism underlying pain relief. In this study, we used behavioral tests to assess the analgesic effect of the ADE (Angelica dahurica extracts) on CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant)-induced inflammatory pain mice models. TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1) protein activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was assessed with a calcium imaging assay. TRPV1 expression was detected with western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then, we examined the constituents of ADE using combined ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-light mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Our results showed that ADE effectively attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities in CFA-induced inflammatory pain model in mice. ADE also significantly reduced the activity and the protein expression of TRPV1 in DRG from CFA mice. Therefore, ADE might be an attractive and suitable analgesic agent for the management of chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meiyuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine, Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Diseases, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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7
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Felix R, Muñoz-Herrera D, Corzo-López A, Fernández-Gallardo M, Leyva-Leyva M, González-Ramírez R, Sandoval A. Ion channel long non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:457-468. [PMID: 35235008 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is one of the primary forms of chronic pain and is the consequence of the somatosensory system's direct injury or disease. It is a relevant public health problem that affects about 10% of the world's general population. In neuropathic pain, alteration in neurotransmission occurs at various levels, including the dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord, and the brain, resulting from the malfunction of diverse molecules such as receptors, ion channels, and elements of specific intracellular signaling pathways. In this context, there have been exciting advances in elucidating neuropathic pain's cellular and molecular mechanisms in the last decade, including the possible role that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play, which open up new alternatives for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this condition. This review focuses on recent studies associated with the possible relevance of lncRNAs in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain through their actions on the functional expression of ion channels. Recognizing the changes in the function and spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these membrane proteins is crucial to understanding the control of neuronal excitability in chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - David Muñoz-Herrera
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Corzo-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Margarita Leyva-Leyva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Histocompatibility, "Dr. Manuel Gea González" General Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Wang X, Bao C, Li Z, Yue L, Hu L. Side Effects of Opioids Are Ameliorated by Regulating TRPV1 Receptors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042387. [PMID: 35206575 PMCID: PMC8872563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have used opioids to suppress moderate to severe pain for thousands of years. However, the long-term use of opioids has several adverse effects, such as opioid tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and addiction. In addition, the low efficiency of opioids in controlling neuropathic pain limits their clinical applications. Combining nonopioid analgesics with opioids to target multiple sites along the nociceptive pathway may alleviate the side effects of opioids. This study reviews the feasibility of reducing opioid side effects by regulating the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors and summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms. Blocking and activating TRPV1 receptors can improve the therapeutic profile of opioids in different manners. TRPV1 and μ-opioid receptors are bidirectionally regulated by β-arrestin2. Thus, drug combinations or developing dual-acting drugs simultaneously targeting μ-opioid and TRPV1 receptors may mitigate opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. In addition, TRPV1 receptors, especially expressed in the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, participate in mediating opioid reward, and its regulation can reduce the risk of opioid-induced addiction. Finally, co-administration of TRPV1 antagonists and opioids in the primary action sites of the periphery can significantly relieve neuropathic pain. In general, the regulation of TRPV1 may potentially ameliorate the side effects of opioids and enhance their analgesic efficacy in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chongyu Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lupeng Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; (X.W.); (C.B.); (Z.L.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (L.H.)
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9
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Tamada M, Ohi Y, Kodama D, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Haji A. Modulation of excitatory synaptic transmissions by TRPV1 in the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis neurons of neuropathic pain rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174625. [PMID: 34758353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined contribution of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel (TRPV1) to the chronic orofacial pain. Bilateral partial nerve ligation (PNL) of the mental nerve, a branch of trigeminal nerve, was performed to induce neuropathic pain. The withdrawal threshold in response to mechanical stimulation of the lower lip skin was substantially reduced after the surgery in the PNL rats while it remained unchanged in the sham rats. This reduction in the PNL rats was alleviated by pregabalin injected intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) and intracisternally (10, 30, 100 μg). Furthermore, an intracisternal injection of AMG9810, an antagonist of TRPV1, (1.5, 5.0 μg) attenuated the reduction of withdrawal threshold. Spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) were recorded from the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) neurons in the brainstem slice, which receive the orofacial nociceptive signals. In the PNL rats, superfusion of capsaicin (0.03, 0.1 μM) enhanced their frequency without effect on the amplitude and the highest concentration (0.3 μM) increased both the frequency and amplitude. In the sham rats, only 0.3 μM capsaicin increased their frequency. Thus, capsaicin-induced facilitation of sEPSCs and mEPSCs in the PNL rats was significantly stronger than that in the sham rats. AMG9810 (0.1 μM) attenuated the capsaicin's effect. Capsaicin was ineffective on the trigeminal tract-evoked EPSCs in the PNL and sham rats. These results suggest that the chronic orofacial pain in the PNL model results from facilitation of the spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission in the Vc region through TRPV1 at least partly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Tamada
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Ohi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
| | - Akira Haji
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan.
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10
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Small A, Fisher AD, Lee C, Colditz I. Analgesia for Sheep in Commercial Production: Where to Next? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041127. [PMID: 33920025 PMCID: PMC8070992 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with ‘a life worth living’ continues to apply pressure on industry to alleviate pain associated with husbandry practices, injury and illness. Although a number of analgesic solutions are now available for sheep, providing some amelioration of the acute pain responses, this review has highlighted a number of potential areas for further research. Abstract Increasing societal and customer pressure to provide animals with ‘a life worth living’ continues to apply pressure on livestock production industries to alleviate pain associated with husbandry practices, injury and illness. Over the past 15–20 years, there has been considerable research effort to understand and develop mitigation strategies for painful husbandry procedures in sheep, leading to the successful launch of analgesic approaches specific to sheep in a number of countries. However, even with multi-modal approaches to analgesia, using both local anaesthetic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), pain is not obliterated, and the challenge of pain mitigation and phasing out of painful husbandry practices remains. It is timely to review and reflect on progress to date in order to strategically focus on the most important challenges, and the avenues which offer the greatest potential to be incorporated into industry practice in a process of continuous improvement. A structured, systematic literature search was carried out, incorporating peer-reviewed scientific literature in the period 2000–2019. An enormous volume of research is underway, testament to the fact that we have not solved the pain and analgesia challenge for any species, including our own. This review has highlighted a number of potential areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Small
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 1, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (C.L.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6776-1435
| | - Andrew David Fisher
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Caroline Lee
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 1, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (C.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Ian Colditz
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Locked Bag 1, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia; (C.L.); (I.C.)
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11
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Spinal PAR2 Activation Contributes to Hypersensitivity Induced by Peripheral Inflammation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22030991. [PMID: 33498178 PMCID: PMC7863954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of inflammatory pain need to be identified in order to find new superior treatments. Protease-activated receptors 2 (PAR2) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are highly co-expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons and implicated in pain development. Here, we examined the role of spinal PAR2 in hyperalgesia and the modulation of synaptic transmission in carrageenan-induced peripheral inflammation, using intrathecal (i.t.) treatment in the behavioral experiments and recordings of spontaneous, miniature and dorsal root stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs, mEPSCs and eEPSCs) in spinal cord slices. Intrathecal PAR2-activating peptide (AP) administration aggravated the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia, and this was prevented by a TRPV1 antagonist (SB 366791) and staurosporine i.t. pretreatment. Additionally, the frequency of the mEPSC and sEPSC and the amplitude of the eEPSC recorded from the superficial dorsal horn neurons were enhanced after acute PAR2 AP application, while prevented with SB 366791 or staurosporine pretreatment. PAR2 antagonist application reduced the thermal hyperalgesia and decreased the frequency of mEPSC and sEPSC and the amplitude of eEPSC. Our findings highlight the contribution of spinal PAR2 activation to carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and the importance of dorsal horn PAR2 and TRPV1 receptor interactions in the modulation of nociceptive synaptic transmission.
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) is a non-specific cation channel known for its sensitivity to pungent vanilloid compound (i.e. capsaicin) and noxious stimuli, including heat, low pH or inflammatory mediators. TRPV1 is found in the somatosensory system, particularly primary afferent neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli (nociceptors). Stimulation of TRPV1 evokes a burning sensation, reflecting a central role of the channel in pain. Pharmacological and genetic studies have validated TRPV1 as a therapeutic target in several preclinical models of chronic pain, including cancer, neuropathic, postoperative and musculoskeletal pain. While antagonists of TRPV1 were found to be a valuable addition to the pain therapeutic toolbox, their clinical use has been limited by detrimental side effects, such as hyperthermia. In contrast, capsaicin induces a prolonged defunctionalisation of nociceptors and thus opened the door to the development of a new class of therapeutics with long-lasting pain-relieving effects. Here we review the list of TRPV1 agonists undergoing clinical trials for chronic pain management, and discuss new indications, formulations or combination therapies being explored for capsaicin. While the analgesic pharmacopeia for chronic pain patients is ancient and poorly effective, modern TRPV1-targeted drugs could rapidly become available as the next generation of analgesics for a broad spectrum of pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network-Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Mulier M, Van Ranst N, Corthout N, Munck S, Vanden Berghe P, Vriens J, Voets T, Moilanen L. Upregulation of TRPM3 in nociceptors innervating inflamed tissue. eLife 2020; 9:61103. [PMID: 32880575 PMCID: PMC7470828 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of the heat-activated cation channel TRPM3 alleviates inflammatory heat hyperalgesia, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We induced unilateral inflammation of the hind paw in mice, and directly compared expression and function of TRPM3 and two other heat-activated TRP channels (TRPV1 and TRPA1) in sensory neurons innervating the ipsilateral and contralateral paw. We detected increased Trpm3 mRNA levels in dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the inflamed paw, and augmented TRP channel-mediated calcium responses, both in the cell bodies and the intact peripheral endings of nociceptors. In particular, inflammation provoked a pronounced increase in nociceptors with functional co-expression of TRPM3, TRPV1 and TRPA1. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of TRPM3 dampened TRPV1- and TRPA1-mediated responses in nociceptors innervating the inflamed paw, but not in those innervating healthy tissue. These insights into the mechanisms underlying inflammatory heat hypersensitivity provide a rationale for developing TRPM3 antagonists to treat pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mulier
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikky Corthout
- VIB Bio Imaging Core and VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- VIB Bio Imaging Core and VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), TARGID, Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, G-PURE, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lauri Moilanen
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research (LICR), VIB-KU Leuven Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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An update on targets for treating osteoarthritis pain: NGF and TRPV1. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2020; 6:129-145. [PMID: 34178580 DOI: 10.1007/s40674-020-00146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review a)Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and pain is the primary symptom of the disease, yet analgesic options for treating OA pain remain limited. In this review, we aimed to give an update on the current clinical and preclinical studies targeting two pathways that are being investigated for treating OA pain: the nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway and the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) pathway. Recent findings b)Antibodies against NGF, small molecule inhibitors of TrkA, TRPV1 agonists, and TRPV1 antagonists are all in different stages of clinical and pre-clinical testing for the treatment of OA pain. NGF antibodies have shown efficacy in the primary endpoints tested compared to placebo, however, rapidly progressive OA has been consistently observed in a subset of patients and the cause remains unclear. TRPV1 agonists have also demonstrated reduced pain with no serious adverse events - the most common adverse events include a burning or warming sensation upon administration. Summary c)Targeting the NGF and TRPV1 pathways appear effective for reducing OA pain, but further work is needed to better understand which patients may benefit most from these treatments. The anti-NGF antibody tanezumab and the TRPV1 agonist CNTX-4975 have both received fast-track designation from the FDA for the treatment of OA pain.
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Damann N, Bahrenberg G, Stockhausen H, Habermann CJ, Lesch B, Frank-Foltyn R, Lee J, Ann J, Christoph T. In vitro characterization of the thermoneutral transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) inhibitor GRTE16523. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172934. [PMID: 31954706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The TRPV1 ion channel is a neuronal sensor that plays an important role in nociception and neuropathic as well as inflammatory pain. In clinical trials, hyperthermia and thermo-hypoaesthesia turned out as major side effects of TRPV1 antagonists, preventing successful development of such molecules as analgesics. In vitro studies demonstrated that the TRPV1 ion channel is a polymodal sensor integrating stimuli from molecular modulators with temperature, pH and transmembrane potential. Temperature dependent gating is suggested to constitute the molecular basis for its role in heat sensation and body temperature regulation. Drug discovery scientists since many years seek to obtain "thermoneutral" TRPV1 inhibitors, blocking the channels sensitivity for painful stimuli while keeping its temperature mode of activation unaffected. Aiming for a screening rational for the identification of thermoneutral TRPV1 antagonists, we broadly characterized the prototypic small molecule TRPV1 inhibitors GRT12360V and GRTE16523. In vitro, GRT12360V demonstrated pan-modality inhibition on human, cynomolgus and rodent TRPV1, whereas GRTE16523 selectively bypassed the channels temperature mode on human and cynomolgus TRPV1 and revealed partial agonism on rodent channels. Strikingly, in vivo, GRT12360V induced hyperthermia in all species tested whereas GRTE16523 proved thermoneutral in cynomolgus monkeys and induced hypothermia in rodents. Hence, working out the different in vitro to in vivo correlations of two compounds, we suggest temperature dependent voltage gating as key parameter when screening for thermoneutral TRPV1 inhibitors. We highlight a species difference of molecular TRPV1 pharmacology between primates and rodents and provide a methodological breakthrough to engineer thermoneutral TRPV1 antagonists with improved therapeutic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Damann
- Research & Development, Grünenthal, Zieglerstrasse 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Gregor Bahrenberg
- Research & Development, Grünenthal, Zieglerstrasse 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Lesch
- Research & Development, Grünenthal, Zieglerstrasse 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Frank-Foltyn
- Research & Development, Grünenthal, Zieglerstrasse 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Thomas Christoph
- Research & Development, Grünenthal, Zieglerstrasse 6, D-52078 Aachen, Germany
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16
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Haustrate A, Hantute-Ghesquier A, Prevarskaya N, Lehen'kyi V. Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Ion Channels and Their Therapeutic Potential. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:606. [PMID: 31231216 PMCID: PMC6561378 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a rapidly growing pharmaceutical class of protein drugs that becomes an important part of the precision therapy. mAbs are characterized by their high specificity and affinity for the target antigen, which is mostly present on the cell surface. Ion channels are a large family of transmembrane proteins that control ion transport across the cell membrane. They are involved in almost all biological processes in both health and disease and are widely considered as prospective targets. However, no antibody-based drug targeting ion channel has been developed so far that has progressed to clinical use. Thus, we provide a comprehensive review of the elaborated mAbs against ion channels, describe their mechanisms of action, and discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Haustrate
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Aline Hantute-Ghesquier
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - V'yacheslav Lehen'kyi
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technologies, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.,FONDATION ARC, Villejuif, France
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Manitpisitkul P, Flores CM, Moyer JA, Romano G, Shalayda K, Tatikola K, Hutchison JS, Mayorga AJ. A multiple-dose double-blind randomized study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and analgesic efficacy of the TRPV1 antagonist JNJ-39439335 (mavatrep). Scand J Pain 2019; 18:151-164. [PMID: 29794306 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2017-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This double-blind (DB), randomized, placebo-controlled, sequential-group, multiple-ascending dose, phase 1 study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of JNJ-39439335 in healthy men (part 1), and in participants with knee osteoarthritis (part 2). METHODS Both parts 1 and 2 consisted of screening (upto 21 days), 21-day DB treatment phase [eight participants/group: JNJ-39439335 (part 1: 2-50 mg; part 2: 10-50 mg): n=6; placebo: n=2] and follow-up (total study duration ~10 weeks). RESULTS Plasma concentrations and systemic exposure of JNJ-39439335 increased in slightly higher than dose-proportional fashion (steady-state reached by day 14). Renal excretion of JNJ-39439335 was negligible. Marked dose-related increases in pharmacodynamic heat pain assessments were observed in JNJ-39439335-treated participants, which persisted throughout the treatment with no signs of tolerance with repeated dosing. No effect on pharmacodynamic cold pain or mechanical pain assessments were seen. Effects on pharmacodynamic capsaicin-induced flare assessments in JNJ-39439335-treated participants versus placebo were consistent with effects observed with single-dose, and did not demonstrate tolerance with multiple dosing. In participants with knee osteoarthritis, significant improvements versus placebo were observed in a stair-climbing-induced pain model. All JNJ-39439335-treated participants reported ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE); most common (≥50% incidence) TEAEs in part 1 were feeling hot (79%), thermohypoesthesia (71%), paresthesia (58%) and feeling cold (50%), and in part 2, were minor thermal burns (50%). CONCLUSIONS JNJ-39439335 (doses 2-50 mg) was well-tolerated, and associated with acceptable multiple-dose pharmacokinetic profile. JNJ-39439335 demonstrated sustained pharmacodynamic effects (heat pain perception, heat pain latency, capsaicin-induced flare), and an efficacy signal in participants with osteoarthritis pain. IMPLICATIONS Given the efficacy signal observed and the unique safety profile, larger phase 2 studies are needed to better understand the potential of JNJ-39439335 in the treatment of chronic pain. Analgesic efficacy of lower doses administered over a longer period of time and improved patient counseling techniques to reduce the minor thermal burns can be explored to minimize the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary Romano
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arthur J Mayorga
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, NJ, USA, Tel.: 609-730-6779
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Guo R, Zhou Y, Long H, Shan D, Wen J, Hu H, Yang H, Wu Z, Lai W. Transient receptor potential Vanilloid 1-based gene therapy alleviates orthodontic pain in rats. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:11. [PMID: 30853711 PMCID: PMC6409362 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic pain that is induced by tooth movement is an important sequela of orthodontic treatment and has a significant effect on patient quality of life. Studies have shown that the high expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in trigeminal ganglions plays a vital role in the transmission and modulation of orofacial pain. However, little is known about the role of TRPV1 in orthodontic pain. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups to study the role of TRPV1 in the modulation of tooth-movement pain. The expression levels of TRPV1 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Moreover, pain levels were assessed using the rat grimace scale (RGS). The role of TRPV1 in modulating tooth-movement pain was examined by injecting a TRPV1 antagonist into the trigeminal ganglia of rats. A lentivirus containing a TRPV1 shRNA sequence was constructed and transduced into the rats' trigeminal ganglia. The results showed that the expression levels of TRPV1 protein and mRNA were elevated following tooth-movement pain. Pain levels increased rapidly on the 1st day, peaked on the 3rd day and returned to baseline on the 14th day. The TRPV1 antagonist significantly reduced tooth-movement pain. The lentivirus containing a TRPV1 shRNA sequence was able to inhibit the expression of TRPV1 and relieved tooth-movement pain. In conclusion, TRPV1-based gene therapy may be a treatment strategy for the relief of orthodontic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Di Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Stomatology Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhouqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Chemokine (c-c motif) receptor 2 mediates mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in sickle cell disease mice. Pain 2019; 159:1652-1663. [PMID: 29697532 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) develop chronic pain. This debilitating pain is inadequately treated because the underlying mechanisms driving the pain are poorly understood. In addition to persistent pain, patients with SCD are also in a tonically proinflammatory state. Previous studies have revealed that there are elevated plasma levels of many inflammatory mediators including chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in individuals with SCD. Using a transgenic mouse model of SCD, we investigated the contributions of CCL2 signaling to SCD-related pain. Inhibition of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), but not CCR4, alleviated the behavioral mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in SCD. Furthermore, acute CCR2 blockade reversed both the behavioral and the in vitro responsiveness of sensory neurons to an agonist of TRPV1, a neuronal ion channel previously implicated in SCD pain. These results provide insight into the immune-mediated regulation of hypersensitivity in SCD and could inform future development of analgesics or therapeutic measures to prevent chronic pain.
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NEO6860, modality-selective TRPV1 antagonist: a randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept trial in patients with osteoarthritis knee pain. Pain Rep 2018; 3:e696. [PMID: 30706039 PMCID: PMC6344137 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction NEO6860 is a TRPV1 antagonist when activated by capsaicin but not by heat or pH, developed to relieve pain without the adverse events reported with non-modality-selective TRPV1 antagonists. Objective The primary Objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of NEO6860 after 1 day oral dosing in patients with Kellgren-Lawrence stage I, II or III osteoarthritis of the knee. Method This randomized, double-blinded, 3-period crossover, phase II study compared 1 day (2 doses) of NEO6860 (500 mg twice a day), placebo, and naproxen in 54 patients with osteoarthritis knee pain. Primary endpoint was reduction in pain intensity (PI) on Numerical Rating Scale after exercise, using the staircase test, 8 hours after dose. Results Level of PI, compared with baseline, was numerically lower during NEO6860 and naproxen periods vs placebo at 3 and 24 hours, but not at 8 hours after first dose. A statistically significant effect for naproxen and a trend for NEO6860 were observed at 3 and 24 hours. Least square means' (95% confidence interval) change in PI at 24 hours was -0.67 (-1.09 to -0.26), -0.97 (-1.39 to -0.55), -0.29 (-0.71 to 0.13) for NEO6860, naproxen, and placebo, respectively. NEO6860 exposure was ∼1.6 times higher compared with previous phase I. In this study, NEO6860 safety profile was less favorable than naproxen or placebo. Possibly NEO6860-related adverse events included: feel hot, headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, hypoaesthesia, and increased blood pressure. Conclusion In this exploratory study, NEO6860 did not statistically significantly outperform placebo but showed an analgesic trend, without impacting body temperature and heat pain perception. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential of NEO6860 in other pain indications. We intent to optimize the dose and evaluate analgesic synergism with other mechanism.
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Chakrabarti S, Pattison LA, Singhal K, Hockley JRF, Callejo G, Smith ESJ. Acute inflammation sensitizes knee-innervating sensory neurons and decreases mouse digging behavior in a TRPV1-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology 2018; 143:49-62. [PMID: 30240782 PMCID: PMC6277850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing, spontaneous pain is characteristic of inflammatory joint pain and reduces an individual's quality of life. To understand the neural basis of inflammatory joint pain, we made a unilateral knee injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in mice, which reduced their natural digging behavior. We hypothesized that sensitization of knee-innervating dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons underlies this altered behavior. To test this hypothesis, we performed electrophysiological recordings on retrograde labeled knee-innervating primary DRG neuron cultures and measured their responses to a number of electrical and chemical stimuli. We found that 24-h after CFA-induced knee inflammation, knee neurons show a decreased action potential generation threshold, as well as increased GABA and capsaicin sensitivity, but have unaltered acid sensitivity. The inflammation-induced sensitization of knee neurons persisted for 24-h in culture, but was not observed after 48-h in culture. Through immunohistochemistry, we showed that the increased knee neuron capsaicin sensitivity correlated with enhanced expression of the capsaicin receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in knee-innervating neurons of the CFA-injected side. We also observed an increase in the co-expression of TRPV1 with tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), which is the receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF), suggesting that NGF partially induces the increased TRPV1 expression. Lastly, we found that systemic administration of the TRPV1 antagonist, A-425619, reversed the decrease in digging behavior induced by CFA injection, further confirming the role of TRPV1, expressed by knee neurons, in acute inflammatory joint pain. Knee inflammation decreases digging behavior in mice. Knee-innervating dorsal root ganglion neurons are hyperexcitable after inflammation. NGF-mediated increase in TRPV1 expression is observed in knee-innervating neurons. Systemic TRPV1 antagonist administration normalises digging behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke A Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaajal Singhal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gerard Callejo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Investigation of TRPV1 loss-of-function phenotypes in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice generated by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:456-461. [PMID: 29660342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) random mutagenesis was used to generate a mouse model for the analysis of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) cation channel. A transversion from T→A in exon 4 led to a Leu206Stop mutation generating a loss-of-function mutant. The TRPV1 agonist capsaicin was used to analyze functional and nociceptive parameters in vitro and in vivo in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice and congenic C3HeB/FeJ controls. Capsaicin-induced [Ca2+]i changes in small diameter DRG neurons were significantly diminished in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice and administration of capsaicin induced neither hypothermia nor nocifensive behaviour in vivo. TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice were tested in the spinal nerve ligation of mononeuropathic pain and developed mechanical hypersensitivity two weeks after nerve injury. In the open field test, a significant increase in spontaneous locomotion was detected in TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice as compared to wildtype controls. TRPV1 knockout mice have been reported to carry a similar phenotype regarding capsaicin-evoked responses in vitro and in vivo. However, in contrast to TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice, TRPV1 knockout mice did not differ in spontaneous locomotion as compared to congenic C57BL/6 mice, suggesting subtle ENU-dependent or independent strain differences between TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice and their wildtype controls. In summary, these data revealed a target-related (i.e. capsaicin-evoked) phenotype of TRPV1 Leu206Stop mice closely resembling that of published TRPV1 knockout mice. However, since ENU-mutant mice are congenic with the mouse strain initially used in random mutagenesis, direct phenotypic comparison with the respective wildtype controls is possible, and the time-consuming backcrossing in lines with targeted mutations is avoided.
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Miller JJ, Aoki K, Moehring F, Murphy CA, O’Hara CL, Tiemeyer M, Stucky CL, Dahms NM. Neuropathic pain in a Fabry disease rat model. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99171. [PMID: 29563343 PMCID: PMC5926911 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, affects multiple organs and results in a shortened life span. This disease is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A, which leads to glycosphingolipid accumulation in many cell types. Neuropathic pain is an early and severely debilitating symptom in patients with Fabry disease, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause the pain are unknown. We generated a rat model of Fabry disease, the first nonmouse model to our knowledge. Fabry rats had substantial serum and tissue accumulation of α-galactosyl glycosphingolipids and had pronounced mechanical pain behavior. Additionally, Fabry rat dorsal root ganglia displayed global N-glycan alterations, sensory neurons were laden with inclusions, and sensory neuron somata exhibited prominent sensitization to mechanical force. We found that the cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is sensitized in Fabry rat sensory neurons and that TRPA1 antagonism reversed the behavioral mechanical sensitization. This study points toward TRPA1 as a potentially novel target to treat the pain experienced by patients with Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Francie Moehring
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carly A. Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Crystal L. O’Hara
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nancy M. Dahms
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Raithel SJ, Sapio MR, LaPaglia DM, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. Transcriptional Changes in Dorsal Spinal Cord Persist after Surgical Incision Despite Preemptive Analgesia with Peripheral Resiniferatoxin. Anesthesiology 2018; 128:620-635. [PMID: 29271803 PMCID: PMC11175836 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nociceptors expressing the ion channel transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1, play an important role in mediating postoperative pain. Signaling from these nociceptors in the peri- and postoperative period can lead to plastic changes in the spinal cord and, when controlled, can yield analgesia. The transcriptomic changes in the dorsal spinal cord after surgery, and potential coupling to transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1-positive nociceptor signaling, remain poorly studied. METHODS Resiniferatoxin was injected subcutaneously into rat hind paw several minutes before surgical incision to inactivate transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1-positive nerve terminals. The effects of resiniferatoxin on postincisional measures of pain were assessed through postoperative day 10 (n = 51). Transcriptomic changes in the dorsal spinal cord, with and without peripheral transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1-positive nerve terminal inactivation, were assessed by RNA sequencing (n = 22). RESULTS Peripherally administered resiniferatoxin increased thermal withdrawal latency by at least twofold through postoperative day 4, increased mechanical withdrawal threshold by at least sevenfold through postoperative day 2, and decreased guarding score by 90% relative to vehicle control (P < 0.05). Surgical incision induced 70 genes in the dorsal horn, and these changes were specific to the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Gene induction with surgical incision persisted despite robust analgesia from resiniferatoxin pretreatment. Many of the genes induced were related to microglial activation, such as Cd11b and Iba1. CONCLUSIONS A single subcutaneous injection of resiniferatoxin before incision attenuated both evoked and nonevoked measures of postoperative pain. Surgical incision induced transcriptomic changes in the dorsal horn that persisted despite analgesia with resiniferatoxin, suggesting that postsurgical pain signals can be blocked without preventing transcription changes in the dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Raithel
- From the Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.J.R., M.R.S., D.M.L., M.J.I., A.J.M.); and the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.R.)
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Jeon S, Caterina MJ. Molecular basis of peripheral innocuous warmth sensitivity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:69-82. [PMID: 30454610 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The perception of innocuous warmth is a sensory capability that facilitates thermoregulatory, social, hedonic, and even predatory functions. It has long been recognized that innocuous warmth perception is triggered by activation of a subpopulation of specially tuned peripheral thermosensory neurons. In addition, there is growing evidence that thermotransduction by nonneuronal cells, such as skin keratinocytes, might contribute to or modulate our thermosensory experience. Yet, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying warmth transduction are only now being uncovered. Recent molecular genetics approaches have led to the identification of multiple candidate warmth-transducing molecules that appear to confer thermosensitivity upon innocuous warmth afferents and/or neighboring cell types. Most, but not all, of these candidate transducers are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Among the latter, evidence supporting a function in innocuous warmth sensation is strongest for TRPV1 and TRPM2 in mammals and for TRPA1 in nonmammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Jeon
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Biological Chemistry, and Neuroscience, and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Caterina
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Biological Chemistry, and Neuroscience, and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Manitpisitkul P, Shalayda K, Russell L, Sanga P, Solanki B, Caruso J, Iwaki Y, Moyer JA. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Mavatrep (JNJ-39439335), a TRPV1 Antagonist in Healthy Japanese and Caucasian Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Sequential-Group Phase 1 Study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 7:712-726. [PMID: 29125703 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential-group phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of mavatrep (JNJ-39439335), a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist, in healthy Japanese and caucasian subjects. In part 1, a single-ascending-dose study, 50 subjects (25 each healthy Japanese and caucasians) were enrolled and received a single oral dose of 10, 25, or 50 mg mavatrep. Caucasian subjects were matched to Japanese subjects with respect to age (±5 years) and body mass index (±5 kg/m2 ). In part 2, a multiple-ascending-dose study, 36 Japanese subjects were enrolled and received once-daily oral doses of 10, 25, or 50 mg of mavatrep for 21 days. The single-dose PK of mavatrep and its metabolites was similar in the Japanese and caucasian subjects after adjustment of body weight. Following multiple dosing in Japanese subjects, a steady-state condition was reached in approximately 14 days. M2 and M3 are major circulating metabolites with mean exposure > 10% of mavatrep. Nonrenal clearance was the major route of elimination for mavatrep, M2, and M3. Mavatrep exhibited a long half-life, ranging from 68 to 101 and 82-130 hours for Japanese and caucasian subjects, respectively. After single and multiple dosing, mavatrep was well tolerated. The most common adverse events observed were thermohypoesthesia, feeling cold, chills, and feeling hot. Mavatrep and its metabolites exhibited similar PK profiles after single ascending doses in healthy Japanese and caucasian men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Panna Sanga
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | - Joseph Caruso
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Yuki Iwaki
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - John A Moyer
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
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Manitpisitkul P, Shalayda K, Russell L, Sanga P, Williams Y, Solanki B, Caruso J, Moyer JA. Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of TRPV1 Antagonist Mavatrep (JNJ-39439335) Tablet and Capsule Formulations in Healthy Men: Two Open-Label, Crossover, Single-Dose Phase 1 Studies. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2017; 7:699-711. [PMID: 29125700 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To improve room temperature stability and oral bioavailability of mavatrep (JNJ-39439335, a transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype-1 antagonist), various formulations were initially developed and evaluated in 2 phase 1 open-label, randomized, 3-way crossover studies in healthy participants. Study 1 evaluated 2 new overencapsulated tablet formulations (formulations B and C) relative to an overencapsulated early tablet formulation (formulation A), using mavatrep HCl salt form. Because these tablets were still not room-temperature stable, in study 2: two free-base solid dispersion amorphous formulations (formulations D and E) were evaluated relative to the best encapsulated formulation from study 1 (formulation C) and also food effect. Both studies had screening (∼4 weeks), treatment (study 1: n = 18, 6-sequenced; formulations B and C [2 × 25 mg] versus A [2 × 25 mg]; study 2, part 1: n = 24, formulations D and E [2 × 12.5 mg] versus C [1 × 25 mg]; study 2, part 2: n = 16, best formulation from part 1 fed versus fasted, 2 × 12.5 mg) with a 21-day washout period and a follow-up. Mavatrep exhibited consistent pharmacokinetics across formulations. Following rapid absorption (median tmax , 1.5-6.5 hours), plasma concentrations declined multiexponentially (mean t1/2 , 67-104 hours). The new encapsulated tablet formulation (formulation C, capsule filler: poloxamer 407) was the best formulation (Cmax and AUC values 2-3-fold > than the other 2) from study 1. Using this as a reference in study 2, part 1, only small (<20%) differences in mean Cmax and AUC were observed between the 3 formulations (C, D, and E). Formulation E (gelatin capsule with amorphous solid dispersion [12.5 mg free base], hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, vitamin E polyethylene glycol succinate, silicified microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, colloidal silicon dioxide) showed improved room-temperature stability and provided the best overall bioavailability with small variability. Small effects of a high-fat meal on oral bioavailability were observed for formulation E, but were not clinically meaningful. Mavatrep safety profiles were similar across formulations and under fasted and fed conditions. No new safety concerns were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Panna Sanga
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Caruso
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - John A Moyer
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
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Mayorga AJ, Flores CM, Trudeau JJ, Moyer JA, Shalayda K, Dale M, Frustaci ME, Katz N, Manitpisitkul P, Treister R, Ratcliffe S, Romano G. A randomized study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a single dose of the TRPV1 antagonist mavatrep in patients with osteoarthritis. Scand J Pain 2017; 17:134-143. [PMID: 28850367 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor antagonists have been evaluated in clinical studies for their analgesic effects. Mavatrep, a potent, selective, competitive TRPV1 receptor antagonist has demonstrated pharmacodynamic effects consistent with target engagement at the TRPV1 receptor in a previous single-dose clinical study. The current study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic effects of a single dose of mavatrep. METHODS In this randomized, placebo- and active-controlled, 3-way crossover, phase 1b study, patients with painful knee osteoarthritis were treated with a single-dose of 50mg mavatrep, 500mg naproxen twice-daily, and placebo. Patients were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment sequences. Each treatment sequence included three treatment periods of 7 days duration with a 7 day washout between each treatment period. The primary efficacy evaluation was pain reduction measured by the 4-h postdose sum of pain intensity difference (SPID) based on the 11-point (0-10) Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain after stair-climbing (PASC). The secondary efficacy evaluations included 11-point (0-10) NRS pain scores entered into the Actiwatch between clinic visits, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index subscales (WOMAC) questionnaire, and use of rescue medication. Safety and tolerability of single oral dose mavatrep were also assessed. RESULTS Of 33 patients randomized, 32 completed the study. A statistically significantly (p<0.1) greater reduction in PASC was observed for mavatrep versus placebo (4-h SPID least square mean [LSM] [SE] difference: 1.5 [0.53]; p=0.005 and 2-h LSM [SE] difference of PID: 0.7 [0.30]; p=0.029). The mean average daily current pain NRS scores were lower in the mavatrep and naproxen treatment arm than in the placebo arm (mavatrep: 7 day mean [SD], 3.72 [1.851]; naproxen: 7 day mean [SD], 3.49 [1.544]; placebo: 7 day mean [SD], 4.9 [1.413]). Mavatrep showed statistically significant improvements as compared with placebo on the WOMAC subscales (pain on days 2 [p=0.049] and 7 [p=0.041], stiffness on day 7 [p=0.075]), and function on day 7 [p=0.077]). The same pattern of improvement was evident for naproxen versus placebo. The mean (SD) number of rescue medication tablets taken during the 7-day treatment period was 4.2 (6.49) for mavatrep treatment, 2.8 (5.42) for naproxen, and 6.3 (8.25) for placebo treatment. All patients that received mavatrep reported at least 1 treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE). Feeling cold (79%), thermohypoesthesia (61%), dysgeusia (58%), paraesthesia (36%), and feeling hot (15%) were the most common TEAEs in the mavatrep group. Total 9% patients receiving mavatrep experienced minor thermal burns. No deaths or serious AEs or discontinuations due to AEs occurred. CONCLUSION Overall, mavatrep was associated with a significant reduction in pain, stiffness, and physical function when compared with placebo in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Mavatrep's safety profile was consistent with its mechanism of action as a TRPV1 antagonist. IMPLICATIONS Further studies are required to evaluate whether lower multiple doses of mavatrep can produce analgesic efficacy while minimizing adverse events, as well as the potential for improved patient counselling techniques to reduce the minor thermal burns related to decreased heat perception. TRIAL REGISTRATION 2009-010961-21 (EudraCT Number).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A Moyer
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin Shalayda
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Dale
- MAC Clinical Research, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nathaniel Katz
- Analgesic Solutions, Natick, MA, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Roi Treister
- Analgesic Solutions, Natick, MA, USA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Nerve Injury Unit, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gary Romano
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
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Pace MC, Passavanti MB, De Nardis L, Bosco F, Sansone P, Pota V, Barbarisi M, Palagiano A, Iannotti FA, Panza E, Aurilio C. Nociceptor plasticity: A closer look. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2824-2838. [PMID: 28488779 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptors are receptors specifically involved in detecting a tissue damage and transducing it in an electrical signal. Nociceptor activation provoked by any kind of acute lesion is related to the release of several mediators of inflammation, within the framework of a process defined as "peripheral sensitization." This results in an exaggerated response to the painful stimulus, clinically defined as "primary hyperalgesia." The concept of "neuroplasticity" may explain the adaptive mechanisms carried out by the Nervous System in relation to a "harmful" damage; also, neuroplasticity mechanisms are also fundamental for rehabilitative intervention protocols. Here we review several studies that addressed the role of different receptors and ionic channels discovered on nociceptor surface and their role in pain perception. The changes in expression, distribution, and functioning of receptors and ionic channels are thought to be a part of the neuroplasticity property, through which the Nervous System constantly adapts to external stimuli. Moreover, some of the reviewed mediators are also been associated to "central sensitization," a process that results in pain chronicization when the painful stimulation is particularly prolonged or intense, and lastly leads to the memorization of the uncomfortable painful perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caterina Pace
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Passavanti
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Nardis
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Bosco
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Sansone
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pota
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manlio Barbarisi
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Palagiano
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB) Research National Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Aurilio
- Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Spindola HM, Grando R, Figueiredo MC, Basting R, Queiroz NCA, de Fátima Â, de Carvalho JE, Wang ZJ, Foglio MA. Derivatives of furanditerpenes from Pterodon genus: Pharmacological studies disclose their potential as chronic pain relief in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 804:68-77. [PMID: 28322839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pterodon genus fruits are commercially available at the Brazilian medicinal market used in folk medicine due to their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-rheumatic effects. Previous studies demonstrated that furanditerpenes possessing vouacapan skeleton, isolated from Pterodon genus, possess expressive antinociceptive activities, with promising moiety for the development of new analgesic products. The antinociceptive properties of compounds 6α,7β-6α-hidroxivouacapan-7β-17β-lactone (HVL) and 6α-oxovouacapan-7β-17β-lactone (OVL), semi-synthetic analogues of furanditerpenes previously reported as analgesic agents were evaluated on animal experimental models (Spindola et al., 2010, 2011). The chemical-induced pain methods used in the present work, demonstrated for the first time that both compounds HVL and OVL have potential as important templates for the development of chronic pain control drugs. The main findings of this work were that both compounds were: effective in the writhing test; reduced paw edema in the carrageenan test; effective in the inflammatory phase of the formalin test corroborating their activity against inflammatory pain conditions; effective on reducing pain through the stimulation of vanilloid receptors sensible to capsaicin (an important pathway for chronic pain maintenance); reduced the pain stimulus caused by PGE2 injection (a pathway involved in chronic pain hypersensitivity); effective on decreasing mechanical allodynia in the CFA-model, demonstrating their potential use against chronic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto M Spindola
- CPQBA, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; UIC, University of Illinois at Chicago, 3320 MBRB, MC 865 Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rogério Grando
- CPQBA, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Basting
- CPQBA, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N C A Queiroz
- CPQBA, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- GEQOB, ICEx, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João E de Carvalho
- CPQBA, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; FCF, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6029, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Zaijie J Wang
- UIC, University of Illinois at Chicago, 3320 MBRB, MC 865 Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M A Foglio
- CPQBA, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6171, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; FCF, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6029, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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De Prá SDT, Ferro PR, Milioli AM, Rigo FK, Chipindo OJ, Camponogara C, Casoti R, Manfron MP, de Oliveira SM, Ferreira J, Trevisan G. Antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of hydroalcoholic extract and dichloromethane fraction of Amphilophium crucigerum seeds in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:283-297. [PMID: 27864110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The medicinal plant generally known as monkey's comb (Amphilophium crucigerum) has been popularly described for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, specially seeds preparations. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the crude extract (Crd) and dichloromethane fraction (Dcm) of A. crucigerum seeds, and investigate the involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor in this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Swiss mice were used in this study. The effects of Crd and Dcm was tested on capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx or the specific binding of [3H]-resiniferatoxin. Moreover, after treatment with Crd or Dcm, animals were exposed to acute pain (hot water tail-flick and capsaicin intraplantar test) or chronic pain models (injection of complete Freund's adjuvant or partial ligation of the sciatic nerve). Acute adverse effects were also noted: locomotor activity, corporal temperature, hepatic or renal damage, gastrointestinal transit alteration, and ulcerogenic activity. RESULTS The oral administration of Crd or Dcm resulted in an antinociceptive effect in the hot water tail-flick (48°C) and capsaicin intraplantar tests. Furthermore, these preparations exhibited antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in a chronic inflammatory pain model, and antinociceptive effects in a neuropathic pain model. Moreover, Crd and Dcm reduced capsaicin-induced Ca2+ influx and diminished the [3H]-resiniferatoxin specific binding to spinal cord membranes. Acute adverse events were not found with Crd or Dcm administration. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results support the analgesic effect of A. crucigerum and suggest the presence of compounds that may act as TRPV1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Dal Toé De Prá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88006-000 Criciúma (SC), Brazil.
| | - Paula Ronsani Ferro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88006-000 Criciúma (SC), Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Marcon Milioli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88006-000 Criciúma (SC), Brazil.
| | - Flávia Karine Rigo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88006-000 Criciúma (SC), Brazil.
| | - Orlando Justo Chipindo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88006-000 Criciúma (SC), Brazil.
| | - Camila Camponogara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
| | - Rosana Casoti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP - Ribeirão Preto), 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
| | - Melânia Palermo Manfron
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
| | - Sara Marchesan de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88049-900 Florianópolis (RS), Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Trevisan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (Unesc), 88006-000 Criciúma (SC), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900 Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
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Parisi JR, de Andrade ALM, Torres Silva JR, Silva ML. Antiallodynic effect of intrathecal resiniferatoxin on neuropathic pain model of chronic constriction injury. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Baraldi PG, Baraldi S, Gessi S, Merighi S, Borea PA. Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Implications of TRPV1 Receptor Antagonists. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:936-983. [PMID: 27976413 DOI: 10.1002/med.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel expressed on sensory neurons triggering an influx of cations. TRPV1 receptors function as homotetramers responsive to heat, proinflammatory substances, lipoxygenase products, resiniferatoxin, endocannabinoids, protons, and peptide toxins. Its phosphorylation increases sensitivity to both chemical and thermal stimuli, while desensitization involves a calcium-dependent mechanism resulting in receptor dephosphorylation. TRPV1 functions as a sensor of noxious stimuli and may represent a target to avoid pain and injury. TRPV1 activation has been associated to chronic inflammatory pain and peripheral neuropathy. Its expression is also detected in nonneuronal areas such as bladder, lungs, and cochlea where TRPV1 activation is responsible for pathology development of cystitis, asthma, and hearing loss. This review offers a comprehensive overview about TRPV1 receptor in the pathophysiology of chronic pain, epilepsy, cough, bladder disorders, diabetes, obesity, and hearing loss, highlighting how drug development targeting this channel could have a clinical therapeutic potential. Furthermore, it summarizes the advances of medicinal chemistry research leading to the identification of highly selective TRPV1 antagonists and their analysis of structure-activity relationships (SARs) focusing on new strategies to target this channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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TRPV1 antagonist JNJ-39439335 (mavatrep) demonstrates proof of pharmacology in healthy men: a first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, sequential group study. Pain Rep 2016; 1:e576. [PMID: 29392196 PMCID: PMC5741288 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, sequential group, phase 1 study was designed to assess in healthy men, the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and translational pharmacodynamics of JNJ-39439335 (mavatrep), a transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 antagonist; it was preceded by a translational preclinical study which assessed the ability of JNJ-39439335 to block capsaicin-induced flare in rats, providing predictive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data that informed the subsequent phase 1 clinical study. The clinical study consisted of 2 parts: part 1 assessed pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including heat pain detection threshold and heat pain tolerance, of JNJ-39439335, and part 2 assessed pharmacodynamic effect of JNJ-39439335 on capsaicin-induced flare and sensory testing on naïve and UVB-sensitized skin in humans. Plasma concentrations of JNJ-39439335 peaked at approximately 2 to 4 hours postdose, then declined multiexponentially, with a prolonged terminal phase (half-life: 30-86 hours). Renal clearance of JNJ-39439335 was negligible. JNJ-39439335 treatment resulted in clear, consistent dose-related increases in heat pain detection threshold, heat pain tolerance, and heat pain latency. JNJ-39439335 reduced the capsaicin-induced flare area and flare intensity, with complete blocking observed in the 50-mg dose group at 144 hours postdose. This was consistent with the capsaicin flare results observed with JNJ-39439335 in rats. The most common adverse events observed in the clinical study were related to increases in body temperature after JNJ-39439335 treatment; these were predominately mild to moderate in severity with no evidence of exposure dependence up to 225 mg. JNJ-39439335 was well tolerated at single doses up to 225 mg, recommending its suitability for further clinical development.
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Boscardin E, Alijevic O, Hummler E, Frateschi S, Kellenberger S. The function and regulation of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC): IUPHAR Review 19. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2671-701. [PMID: 27278329 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) are both members of the ENaC/degenerin family of amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channels. ASICs act as proton sensors in the nervous system where they contribute, besides other roles, to fear behaviour, learning and pain sensation. ENaC mediates Na(+) reabsorption across epithelia of the distal kidney and colon and of the airways. ENaC is a clinically used drug target in the context of hypertension and cystic fibrosis, while ASIC is an interesting potential target. Following a brief introduction, here we will review selected aspects of ASIC and ENaC function. We discuss the origin and nature of pH changes in the brain and the involvement of ASICs in synaptic signalling. We expose how in the peripheral nervous system, ASICs cover together with other ion channels a wide pH range as proton sensors. We introduce the mechanisms of aldosterone-dependent ENaC regulation and the evidence for an aldosterone-independent control of ENaC activity, such as regulation by dietary K(+) . We then provide an overview of the regulation of ENaC by proteases, a topic of increasing interest over the past few years. In spite of the profound differences in the physiological and pathological roles of ASICs and ENaC, these channels share many basic functional and structural properties. It is likely that further research will identify physiological contexts in which ASICs and ENaC have similar or overlapping roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Boscardin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Omar Alijevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 coordinates metabotropic glutamate receptor sensitization of peripheral sensory neurons. Pain 2016; 156:2364-2372. [PMID: 26172554 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate serves as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Previous studies have identified a role for glutamate and group I metabotropic receptors as targets for study in peripheral inflammatory pain. However, the coordination of signaling events that transpire from receptor activation to afferent neuronal sensitization has not been explored. Herein, we identify that scaffolding protein A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP150) coordinates increased peripheral thermal sensitivity after group I metabotropic receptor (mGluR5) activation. In both acute and persistent models of thermal somatosensory behavior, we report that mGluR5 sensitization requires AKAP150 expression. Furthermore, electrophysiological approaches designed to record afferent neuronal activity reveal that mGluR5 sensitization also requires functional AKAP150 expression. In dissociated primary afferent neurons, mGluR5 activation increases TRPV1 responses in an AKAP-dependent manner through a mechanism that induces AKAP association with TRPV1. Experimental results presented herein identify a mechanism of receptor-driven scaffolding association with ion channel targets. Importantly, this mechanism could prove significant in the search for therapeutic targets that repress episodes of acute pain from becoming chronic in nature.
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Manitpisitkul P, Mayorga A, Shalayda K, De Meulder M, Romano G, Jun C, Moyer JA. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Learnings from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Sequential Group First-in-Human Study of the TRPV1 Antagonist, JNJ-38893777, in Healthy Men. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 35:353-63. [PMID: 25894894 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-015-0285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nociceptive and neuropathic pain, one of common reasons of disability and loss of quality life, are often undertreated due to safety concerns with current therapies. This study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of JNJ-38893777, a potent and selective transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist in healthy men. METHODS In a single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential group, single-ascending-dose phase 1 study, 80 healthy men (18-45 years old; body mass index 18.5 to <30 kg/m(2)), randomized to two groups, received either JNJ-38893777 (n = 6) or placebo (n = 2) in a dose-escalation manner. The study was designed in two parts: Part 1, an early tablet formulation was administered under fasting conditions at 5, 15, 45, 125, 250, or 500 mg; Part 2, a new tablet formulation was administered in a fasting state (250 mg) and a high-fat fed state (250 mg, 375 mg, or 500 mg). Serial plasma and urine samples (collected over 120 h post-dose) were analyzed using LC-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic evaluations. RESULTS JNJ-38893777 concentrations peaked from 3.0 to 5.5 h (median) post-administration, and then declined multi-exponentially with a prolonged terminal phase. Renal clearance was negligible. Maximum concentration (C max) and area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC∞) of the early formulation increased with increasing doses but less than dose-proportionally over 5-500 mg (fasted) doses. The new tablet formulation showed no improvements in the fasting state but showed an 11- to 22-fold increase in JNJ-38893777 exposure; interindividual variability reduced from 73-85% to 23-24%, and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in heat pain detection threshold (~3 °C) was observed in the fed state. Mild to moderate adverse events were observed, with no evidence of exposure dependence up to 500 mg (fed). Concentration-related increases in body temperature or changes in Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) were not observed. CONCLUSION JNJ-38893777 was tolerated at single doses up to 500 mg (fed) and is suitable for further clinical development.
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Koda K, Hyakkoku K, Ogawa K, Takasu K, Imai S, Sakurai Y, Fujita M, Ono H, Yamamoto M, Fukuda I, Yamane S, Morita A, Asaki T, Kanemasa T, Sakaguchi G, Morioka Y. Sensitization of TRPV1 by protein kinase C in rats with mono-iodoacetate-induced joint pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1254-62. [PMID: 26970286 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the functional changes of Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor and to clarify its mechanism in a rat mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced joint pain model (MIA rats), which has joint degeneration with cartilage loss similar to osteoarthritis. METHODS Sensitization of TRPV1 in MIA rats was assessed by transient spontaneous pain behavior induced by capsaicin injection in knee joints and electrophysiological changes of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons innervating knee joints in response to capsaicin. Mechanisms of TRPV1 sensitization were analyzed by a newly developed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects phosphorylated TRPV1, followed by functional and expression analyses of protein kinase C (PKC) in vivo and in vitro, which involves TRPV1 phosphorylation. RESULTS Pain-related behavior induced by intra-articular injection of capsaicin was significantly increased in MIA rats compared with sham rats. In addition, capsaicin sensitivity, evaluated by capsaicin-induced inward currents, was significantly increased in DRG neurons of MIA rats. Protein levels of TRPV1 remained unchanged, but phosphorylated TRPV1 at Ser800 increased in DRG neurons of MIA rats. Phosphorylated-PKCɛ (p-PKCɛ) increased and co-localized with TRPV1 in DRG neurons of MIA rats. Capsaicin-induced pain-related behavior in MIA rats was inhibited by intra-articular pretreatment of the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I. In addition, intra-articular injection of the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased capsaicin-induced pain-related behavior in normal rats. CONCLUSION TRPV1 was sensitized at the knee joint and at DRG neurons of MIA rats through PKC activation. Thus, TRPV1 sensitization might be involved in chronic pain caused by osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koda
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - K Hyakkoku
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - K Ogawa
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - K Takasu
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - S Imai
- Antibody Therapeutics, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Y Sakurai
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - M Fujita
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - H Ono
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - M Yamamoto
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - I Fukuda
- Biomarker, Biotechnology-Based Medicine, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - S Yamane
- Antibody Therapeutics, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - A Morita
- Biomarker, Biotechnology-Based Medicine, Discovery Research Laboratory for Innovative Frontier Medicines, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - T Asaki
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - T Kanemasa
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - G Sakaguchi
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Y Morioka
- Pain & Neuroscience, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1 Futaba-cho, 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
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Reinhart B, Goins WF, Harel A, Chaudhry S, Goss JR, Yoshimura N, de Groat WC, Cohen JB, Glorioso JC. An HSV-based library screen identifies PP1α as a negative TRPV1 regulator with analgesic activity in models of pain. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16040. [PMID: 27382601 PMCID: PMC4916946 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a pronociceptive cation channel involved in persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector expression of TRPV1 causes cell death in the presence of capsaicin, thereby completely blocking virus replication. Here we describe a selection system for negative regulators of TRPV1 based on rescue of virus replication. HSV-based coexpression of TRPV1 and a PC12 cell-derived cDNA library identified protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) as a negative regulator of TRPV1, mimicking the activity of “poreless” (PL), a dominant-negative mutant of TRPV1. Vectors expressing PP1α or PL reduced thermal sensitivity following virus injection into rat footpads, but failed to reduce the nocifensive responses to menthol/icilin-activated cold pain or formalin, demonstrating that the activity identified in vitro is functional in vivo with a degree of specificity. This system should prove powerful for identifying other cellular factors that can inhibit ion channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Reinhart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William F Goins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Asaff Harel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suchita Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James R Goss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justus B Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph C Glorioso
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tékus V, Horváth Á, Hajna Z, Borbély É, Bölcskei K, Boros M, Pintér E, Helyes Z, Pethő G, Szolcsányi J. Noxious heat threshold temperature and pronociceptive effects of allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil) in TRPV1 or TRPA1 gene-deleted mice. Life Sci 2016; 154:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nucci-Martins C, Nascimento LF, Venzke D, Brethanha LC, Sako AVF, Oliveira AS, Brighente IMC, Micke GA, Pizzolatti MG, Santos ARS. Antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract and isoflavone isolated from Polygala molluginifolia in mice: evidence for the involvement of opioid receptors and TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:429-440. [PMID: 27064002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The plants of the genus Polygala (Polygalaceae) have been used for a long time in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammation. The species Polygala molluginifolia is native to southern Brazil and is popularly known as "cânfora". The presented study analyzes the antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract from Polygala molluginifolia (HEPm) and an isoflavone (ISO) isolated from the extract, in behavioral models of pain in mice, as well as the mechanism underlying this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phytochemical analysis of HEPm was performed through a capillary electrophoresis analysis and colorimetric test. The antinociceptive effects of HEPm and ISO (10-1000 mg/kg, i.g.) were evaluated by applying the formalin test; mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia to postoperative pain in mice. The possible involvement of opioid receptors, TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels in the antinociceptive effect of HEPm and ISO were also evaluated. Finally, the nonspecific effects of HEPm and ISO were evaluated by measuring locomotor activity (Open-field Test) and corporal temperature. RESULTS The 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-6″,6″-dimethylpyrano[2″,3″:7,6] isoflavone (ISO) was identified in HEPm by capillary electrophoresis analysis and selected for the experimental tests. The oral administration of HEPm or of ISO significantly inhibited the neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced pain, edema formation and local hyperemia, without causing any change to locomotor activity. Acute and repeated treatment of animals with HEPm reduced mechanical and thermal (heat and cold) hyperalgesia in the postoperative pain. In addition, administering HEPm or ISO markedly reduced nociceptive behavior induced by the peripheral and central injection of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels activators. Finally, the antinociception provided by the administration of HEPm or ISO was reversed by the preadministration of naloxone. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results provide the first experimental evidence of the significant antinociceptive effect of HEPm and ISO in animal models of acute pain without causing sedation or locomotor dysfunction. This effect appears to be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of opioid receptors and/or by the inhibition of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels. Moreover, this study adds new scientific evidence and highlights the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plant Polygala molluginifolia in the development of phytomedicines with analgesic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Nucci-Martins
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Dalila Venzke
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Lizandra C Brethanha
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alysson V F Sako
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Aldo S Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Inês M C Brighente
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Micke
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Moacir G Pizzolatti
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, SC 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Martinez RM, Zarpelon AC, Domiciano TP, Georgetti SR, Baracat MM, Moreira IC, Andrei CC, Verri WA, Casagrande R. Antinociceptive Effect of Tephrosia sinapou Extract in the Acetic Acid, Phenyl-p-benzoquinone, Formalin, and Complete Freund's Adjuvant Models of Overt Pain-Like Behavior in Mice. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:8656397. [PMID: 27293981 PMCID: PMC4880680 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8656397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tephrosia toxicaria, which is currently known as Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev. (Fabaceae), is a source of compounds such as flavonoids. T. sinapou has been used in Amazonian countries traditional medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of T. sinapou ethyl acetate extract in overt pain-like behavior models in mice by using writhing response and flinching/licking tests. We demonstrated in this study that T. sinapou extract inhibited, in a dose (1-100 mg/kg) dependent manner, acetic acid- and phenyl-p-benzoquinone- (PBQ-) induced writhing response. Furthermore, it was active via intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and peroral routes of administration. T. sinapou extract also inhibited formalin- and complete Freund's adjuvant- (CFA-) induced flinching/licking at 100 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that T. sinapou ethyl acetate extract reduces inflammatory pain in the acetic acid, PBQ, formalin, and CFA models of overt pain-like behavior. Therefore, the potential of analgesic activity of T. sinapou indicates that it deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M. Martinez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana C. Zarpelon
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Talita P. Domiciano
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra R. Georgetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcela M. Baracat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar C. Andrei
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Moléculas Bioativas, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, University Hospital, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Probing the Effects and Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture at Ipsilateral or Contralateral ST36-ST37 Acupoints on CFA-induced Inflammatory Pain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22123. [PMID: 26906464 PMCID: PMC4764889 DOI: 10.1038/srep22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and associated signaling pathways have been reported to be increased in inflammatory pain signaling. There are accumulating evidences surrounding the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA). EA can reliably attenuate the increase of TRPV1 in mouse inflammatory pain models with unclear signaling mechanisms. Moreover, the difference in the clinical therapeutic effects between using the contralateral and ipsilateral acupoints has been rarely studied. We found that inflammatory pain, which was induced by injecting the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), (2.14 ± 0.1, p < 0.05, n = 8) can be alleviated after EA treatment at either ipsilateral (3.91 ± 0.21, p < 0.05, n = 8) or contralateral acupoints (3.79 ± 0.25, p < 0.05, n = 8). EA may also reduce nociceptive Nav sodium currents in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The expression of TRPV1 and associated signaling pathways notably increased after the CFA injection; this expression can be further attenuated significantly in EA treatment. TRPV1 and associated signaling pathways can be prevented in TRPV1 knockout mice, suggesting that TRPV1 knockout mice are resistant to inflammatory pain. Through this study, we have increased the understanding of the mechanism that both ipsilateral and contralateral EA might alter TRPV1 and associated signaling pathways to reduce inflammatory pain.
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Barrett JE, Haas DA. Perspectives and Trends in Pharmacological Approaches to the Modulation of Pain. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 75:1-33. [PMID: 26920007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological approaches to our understanding and treatment of pain have had a long history and have traditionally relied on very few drugs that either have significant side effects and abuse liability, such as the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or the opioids, respectively, or those that have been developed for other conditions such as the tricyclic antidepressants. The pathophysiology of pain is undoubtedly complex, complicated in part by the fact that it is not a singular condition, and has a variety of etiologies and a number of associated comorbidities that make treatment interventions challenging. Moreover, there are changes in the central nervous system during the course of the development of chronic pain that, in a manner parallel to neurodegenerative disorders, likely require different pharmacological approaches in the early stages of acute pain compared to those that would be effective when pain has become chronic. This chapter reviews the current status of the field of pain research focusing on some relatively underdeveloped areas, such as pain and its associated comorbidities, and the use of transgenic animals and drug self-administration procedures in the context of analgesic assessment. This chapter also incorporates more recent developments and emerging trends in the area of epigenetics, biomarkers, and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for pharmacological evaluation, target identification, and validation. Recent progress in the study of "organs-on-a-chip" will also be included in this overview, setting expectations for future progress that integrates these advances for deeper insights into mechanisms, novel treatments, and facilitated efforts in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Derick A Haas
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Zhang W, Yu G, Zhang M. ARA 290 relieves pathophysiological pain by targeting TRPV1 channel: Integration between immune system and nociception. Peptides 2016; 76:73-9. [PMID: 26774587 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ARA 290 is an erythropoietin-derived polypeptide that possesses analgesic and tissue protective effect in many diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The analgesic effect of ARA 290 is mediated by its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions, or more specifically, by targeting the innate repair receptor (IRR) to down-regulate inflammation to alleviate neuropathic pain. However, whether other mechanisms or pathways are involved in ARA 290-mediated analgesic effect remains elusive. In this study, we are particularly interested in whether ARA 290 could directly target peripheral nociceptors by blocking or influencing receptors in pain sensation. Using calcium imaging, cell culture and behavioral tests, we demonstrated that ARA 290 was able to specifically inhibit TRPV1 channel activity, and relieve the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by capsaicin. Our study suggested that ARA 290 could potentially function as a novel antagonist for TRPV1 channel. This finding would not only contribute to the development of new pain treatment using ARA 290, but also help to improve our understanding of the integration between the immune system and the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324# Jingwu Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Guanling Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 157# Jingliu Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324# Jingwu Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China.
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Polymodal Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Nocisensor. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 104:81-125. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Su YS, Chiu YY, Lin SY, Chen CC, Sun WH. Serotonin Receptor 2B Mediates Mechanical Hyperalgesia by Regulating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 59:113-25. [PMID: 26635025 PMCID: PMC4851684 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)], an inflammatory mediator, contributes to inflammatory pain. The presence of multiple 5-HT subtype receptors on peripheral and central nociceptors complicates the role of 5-HT in pain. Previously, we found that 5-HT2B/2C antagonist could block 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. However, the types of neurons or circuits underlying this effect remained unsolved. Here, we demonstrate that the Gq/11-phospholipase Cβ-protein kinase Cε (PKCε) pathway mediated by 5-HT2B is involved in 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Administration of a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist inhibited the 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. 5-HT injection enhanced 5-HT- and capsaicin-evoked calcium signals specifically in isolectin B4 (IB4)-negative neurons; signals were inhibited by a 5-HT2B/2C antagonist and PKCε blocker. Thus, 5-HT2B mediates 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia by regulating TRPV1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Shiuan Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yi Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Opioids and TRPV1 in the peripheral control of neuropathic pain--Defining a target site in the injured nerve. Neuropharmacology 2015; 101:330-40. [PMID: 26453963 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting peripheral neuropathic pain at its origin may prevent the development of hypersensitivity. Recently we showed this can be mediated by opioid receptors at the injured nerve trunk. Here, we searched for the most relevant peripheral site to block transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and investigated analgesic interactions between TRPV1 and opioids in neuropathy. In a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in mice, we assessed the effects of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists and TRPV1 antagonist (SB366791) injected at the CCI site or into the injured nerve-innervated paw on spontaneous paw lifting, heat and mechanical sensitivity. We also examined TRPV1 expression in total membrane and plasma membrane fractions from nerves and paws. We found that opioids and SB366791 co-injected in per se nonanalgesic doses at the CCI site or into the paw diminished heat and mechanical sensitivity. SB366791 alone dose-dependently alleviated heat and mechanical sensitivity. TRPV1 blockade in the paw was more effective than at the CCI site. None of the treatments diminished spontaneous paw lifting. TRPV1 expression analysis suggests that the levels of functional TRPV1 do not critically determine the TRPV1 antagonist-mediated analgesia. Together, the identification of the primary action site in damaged nerves is crucial for effective pain control. Contrary to opioids, the TRPV1 blockade in the injured nerve peripheral terminals, rather than at the nerve trunk, appears promising against heat pain. Opioid/TRPV1 antagonist combinations at both locations partially reduced neuropathy-triggered heat and mechanical pain.
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Effect of the T-type channel blocker KYS-05090S in mouse models of acute and neuropathic pain. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:193-9. [PMID: 26354962 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-type channels are important contributors to the initiation and the maintenance of chronic pain states. Blocking T-type channels is therefore a possible therapeutic strategy for relieving pain. Here, we report the Cav3.2 T-type channel blocking action of a previously reported small organic molecule, KYS-05090S. This compound was able to reduce transiently expressed Cav3.2 currents with low micromolar affinity and mediated a hyperpolarizing shift in half-inactivation potential. KYS-05090S was then tested in models of acute and neuropathic pain. KYS-05090S (10 μg/10 μl delivered intrathecally) significantly reduced acute pain induced by formalin in both the tonic and inflammatory phases. Its antinociceptive effect was not observed when delivered to Cav3.2 null-mice revealing a Cav3.2-dependent mechanism. KYS-05090S also reduced neuropathic pain in a model of partial sciatic nerve injury. Those results indicate that KYS-05090S mediates a potent analgesic effect in inflammatory and neuropathic pain through T-type channel modulation, suggesting that its scaffold could be explored as a new class of analgesic compounds.
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50
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Hyaluronan modulates TRPV1 channel opening, reducing peripheral nociceptor activity and pain. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8095. [PMID: 26311398 PMCID: PMC4560824 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is present in the extracellular matrix of all body tissues, including synovial fluid in joints, in which it behaves as a filter that buffers transmission of mechanical forces to nociceptor nerve endings thereby reducing pain. Using recombinant systems, mouse-cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in vivo experiments, we found that HA also modulates polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) channels. HA diminishes heat, pH and capsaicin (CAP) responses, thus reducing the opening probability of the channel by stabilizing its closed state. Accordingly, in DRG neurons, HA decreases TRPV1-mediated impulse firing and channel sensitization by bradykinin. Moreover, subcutaneous HA injection in mice reduces heat and capsaicin nocifensive responses, whereas the intra-articular injection of HA in rats decreases capsaicin joint nociceptor fibres discharge. Collectively, these results indicate that extracellular HA reduces the excitability of the ubiquitous TRPV1 channel, thereby lowering impulse activity in the peripheral nociceptor endings underlying pain. Hyaluronan is a major component of the extracellular matrix, and is used to treat joint pain in osteoarthritis. In this study, Caires et al. show hyaluronan achieves its analgesic effects by targeting TRPV1 and stabilising the channel in its closed state.
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