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Ahmad T, Shah AJ, Roberts R. Mechanisms mediating the vasodilatory effects of juglone in porcine isolated coronary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172815. [PMID: 31747546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone), is a natural phenolic compound that has been shown to relax smooth muscle. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of juglone on vascular tone using porcine coronary artery (PCA). Segments of PCA, with or without endothelium, were mounted for isometric tension recording in isolated tissue baths and precontracted with the thromboxane A2 analog U46619 or KCl. After pre-contraction, cumulative concentrations of juglone were added to the tissues, in the presence or absence of a variety of inhibitors on intracellular signaling pathways. Juglone (10-9 to 10-5 M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the PCA which was reduced in endothelium-denuded vessels, as well as in vessels pre-treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME, indicating that at least part of the effect of juglone is mediated through an endothelium, NO-dependent mechanism. Juglone also inhibited contractions in response to influx of extracellular calcium and release of intracellular calcium, indicating that juglone may inhibit a common signaling pathway downstream of calcium. Contractions to the protein kinase C activator Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate were also reduced by juglone, suggesting that juglone might be acting through inhibition of protein kinase C. In summary, juglone produces a relaxation of the porcine coronary artery through activation of the nitric oxide pathway and inhibition of calcium-induced contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, KPK-22060, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, University Road, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, University Road, Abbottabad, KPK-22060, Pakistan
| | - Richard Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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2
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Hansen NW, Hansen AJ, Sams A. The endothelial border to health: Mechanistic evidence of the hyperglycemic culprit of inflammatory disease acceleration. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:148-161. [PMID: 28230336 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial cell (EC) layer constitutes a barrier that controls movements of fluid, solutes and cells between blood and tissue. Further, the endothelial layer regulates vascular tone and directs local humoral and cellular inflammatory processes. The strategic position makes it an important player for maintenance of health and for development of a number of diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is known to be an important component of type 2 diabetes, but is also assumed to be involved in many other diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases. We here suggest that the EC plays a pivotal role in disease pathophysiology through initiation, potentiation, and maintenance of several inflammatory mechanisms. Our contention is based on the observation that hyperglycemia-intermittent or sustained, local or systemic-is a major culprit for several endothelial dysfunctions. There is also mounting epidemiological evidence that dietary intake of refined sugars is important for the development of a number of diseases beyond obesity and type 2 diabetes. Various diseases involving inflammatory and immunological components are accelerated by hyperglycemic events because the endothelium transduces "high glucose" signaling into significant pathophysiological phenomena leading to reduced endothelial barrier function, compromised vascular tone regulation and inflammation (e.g., cytokine secretion and RAGE activation). In addition, endothelial extracellular proteins form epitopes for potential specific antibody formation upon interactions with reducing sugars. This paper reviews the endothelial metabolism, biology, inflammatory processes, physical barrier functions, and summarizes evidence that although stochastic in nature, endothelial responses to hyperglycemia are major contributors to disease pathophysiology. We present molecular and mechanistic evidence that both biological and physical barriers, protein function, specific immunity, and inflammatory processes are compromised by hyperglycemic events and thus, hyperglycemic events alone should be considered risk factors for numerous human diseases. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(3):148-161, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Waerling Hansen
- Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and Metabolism), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anker Jon Hansen
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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3
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Rezabakhsh A, Nabat E, Yousefi M, Montazersaheb S, Cheraghi O, Mehdizadeh A, Fathi F, Movassaghpour AA, Maleki-Dizaji N, Rahbarghazi R, Garjani A. Endothelial cells' biophysical, biochemical, and chromosomal aberrancies in high-glucose condition within the diabetic range. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:83-97. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Elahe Nabat
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Mina Yousefi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch; Ahar Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Omid Cheraghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN); Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Nasrin Maleki-Dizaji
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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Fratantonio D, Speciale A, Canali R, Natarelli L, Ferrari D, Saija A, Virgili F, Cimino F. Low nanomolar caffeic acid attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in primary human umbilical-vein endothelial cells by affecting NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Biofactors 2017; 43:54-62. [PMID: 27412371 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia contributes to dysregulate endothelial function associated with diabetes, leading to initiation and propagation of vascular complications and dysfunction. Caffeic acid (CA), a dietary hydroxycinnamic acid abundant in coffee, has been reported to exert antidiabetic effects in rat models. Herein, we investigated the molecular effects of physiological concentrations of CA (10 nM) against endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose (HG) in human endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were exposed to HG 25 mM, to mimic diabetic condition, in presence of CA. Intracellular redox status (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant activity levels), and NF-κB pathway were examined. We also evaluated the involvement of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/electrophile responsive element (EpRE) pathway. Our data show that CA inhibits HG-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the downstream expression of endothelial adhesion molecule 1 and restores antioxidant levels by upregulating Nrf2/EpRE pathway. Our data suggest that CA can suppress several aspects of HG-induced endothelial dysfunction through the modulation of intracellular redox status controlled by the transcription factor Nrf2. These findings highlight that low physiological concentration of CA achievable specifically upon food consumption are able to prevent endothelial dysfunction associated with inflammation and oxidative stress induced by high concentration of glucose. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(1):54-62, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fratantonio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaella Canali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Natarelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
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Natarelli L, Ranaldi G, Leoni G, Roselli M, Guantario B, Comitato R, Ambra R, Cimino F, Speciale A, Virgili F, Canali R. Nanomolar Caffeic Acid Decreases Glucose Uptake and the Effects of High Glucose in Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142421. [PMID: 26544184 PMCID: PMC4636304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate and prolonged consumption of coffee is associated with a reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not known. In this study, we report the effects of physiological concentrations of caffeic acid, easily achievable by normal dietary habits, in endothelial cells cultured in 25 mM of glucose (high glucose, HG). In HG, the presence of 10 nM caffeic acid was associated with a decrease of glucose uptake but not to changes of GLUT-1 membrane localization or mRNA levels. Moreover, caffeic acid countered HG-induced loss of barrier integrity, reducing actin rearrangement and FITC-dextran passage. The decreased flux of glucose associated to caffeic acid affected HG induced apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of initiator (caspase 8 and 9) and effector caspases (caspase 7 and 3) and by increasing the levels of phosphorylated Bcl-2. We also observed that caffeic acid in HG condition was associated to a reduction of p65 subunit nuclear levels with respect to HG alone. NF-κB activation has been shown to lead to apoptosis in HG treated cells and the analysis of the expression of a panel of about 90 genes related to NF-κB signaling pathway revealed that caffeic acid significantly influenced gene expression changes induced by HG. In conclusion, our results suggest that caffeic acid, decreasing the metabolic stress induced by HG, allows the activation of survival mechanisms mediated by a different modulation of NF-κB-related signaling pathways and to the activation of anti-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Natarelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ranaldi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Leoni
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Roselli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Guantario
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Comitato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Ambra
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health Products, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Virgili
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Canali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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6
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Boucher J, Simard É, Froehlich U, D'Orléans-Juste P, Grandbois M. Using carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester to monitor intracellular protein glycation. Anal Biochem 2015; 478:73-81. [PMID: 25800564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycation is a ubiquitous process involved in vascular complications observed in diabetes. Glyoxal (GO), an intracellular reactive oxoaldehyde that is one of the most potent glycation agents, readily reacts with amines present on proteins to produce the lysine-derived adduct carboxymethyllysine, which is a prevalent advanced glycation end-product (AGE). Our group previously showed that cell exposure to GO leads to an alteration in the cell contractile activity that could occur as a result of the glycation of various proteins regulating the cell contractile machinery. Here, we measured the extent of glycation on three functionally distinct proteins known to participate in cell contraction and cytoskeletal organization-Rho-kinase (ROCK), actin, and gelsolin (GSN)-using an assay based on the reaction of the cell membrane-permeable fluorescent probe carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE), which reacts with primary amine groups of proteins. By combining CFDA-SE fluorescence and Western blot detection, we observed (following GO incubation) increased glycation of actin and ROCK as well as an increased interaction between actin and GSN as observed by co-immunoprecipitation. Thus, we conclude that the use of the fluorescent probe CFDA-SE offers an interesting alternative to perform a comparative analysis of the extent of intracellular protein glycation in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucher
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Élie Simard
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Froehlich
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pedro D'Orléans-Juste
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michel Grandbois
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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7
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Peng XL, Qu W, Wang LZ, Huang BQ, Ying CJ, Sun XF, Hao LP. Resveratrol ameliorates high glucose and high-fat/sucrose diet-induced vascular hyperpermeability involving Cav-1/eNOS regulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113716. [PMID: 25419974 PMCID: PMC4242725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial hyperpermeability is one of the manifestations of endothelial dysfunction. Resveratrol (Res) is considered to be beneficial in protecting endothelial function. However, currently, the exact protective effect and involved mechanisms of Res on endothelial dysfunction-hyperpermeability have not been completely clarified. The aim of present study is to investigate the effects of Res on amelioration of endothelial hyperpermeability and the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway. Adult male Wistar rats were treated with a normal or high-fat/sucrose diet (HFS) with or without Res for 13 weeks. HFS and in vitro treatment with high glucose increased hyperpermeability in rat aorta, heart, liver and kidney and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), respectively, which was attenuated by Res treatment. Application of Res reversed the changes in eNOS and Cav-1 expressions in aorta and heart of rats fed HFS and in BAECs incubated with high glucose. Res stimulated the formation of NO inhibited by high glucose in BAECs. Beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), caveolae inhibitor, showed the better beneficial effect than Res alone to up-regulate eNOS phosphorylative levels, while NG-Nitro-77 L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), eNOS inhibitor, had no effect on Cav-1 expression. Our studies suggested that HFS and in vitro treatment with high glucose caused endothelial hyperpermeability, which were ameliorated by Res at least involving Cav-1/eNOS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao lin Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Nanshan Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Hygiene, College of Basic Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Lin zhi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bin qing Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chen jiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiu fa Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li ping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Boucher J, Simard E, Froehlich U, Grandbois M. Amplification of AngII-dependent cell contraction by glyoxal: implication of cell mechanical properties and actomyosin activity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:411-21. [PMID: 24503653 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxal (GO), a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, is associated with diabetic vascular complications via the formation of advanced glycation end-products. Considering its ability to react with proteins' amino acids and its crosslinking potential, we suggest that GO affects cellular mechanical functions such as contractility. Therefore, we tested the effects of GO on cellular contractile response following AngII stimulation of human embryonic kidney cells over-expressing the AT1 receptor (HEK 293 AT1aR). Prior to cell stimulation with AngII, cells exposed to GO exhibited carboxymethyllysine-adduct formation and an increase in cellular stiffness, which could be prevented by pre-treatment with aminoguanidine. The time-dependent cellular contractile response to AngII was measured by monitoring cell membrane displacement by atomic force atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by quantifying myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) via immunoblotting. Interestingly, short-term GO exposure increased by 2.6 times the amplitude of cell contraction induced by AngII and this was also associated with a sustained rise in p-MLC. This increased response to AngII induced by GO appears to be linked to its glycation potential, as aminoguanidine pre-treatment prevented this increased cellular mechanical response. Our results also suggest that GO could have an impact on ROCK activity, as ROCK inhibition with Y-27632 blocked the enhanced contractile response (p = 0.011) measured under GO conditions. Together, these results indicate that GO enhances the cellular response to AngII and modifies cellular mechanical properties via a mechanism that relies on its glycation potential and on the activation of the ROCK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, QC, Canada.
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9
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Swärd P, Rippe B. Acute and sustained actions of hyperglycaemia on endothelial and glomerular barrier permeability. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204:294-307. [PMID: 21812939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microalbuminuria is an established marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction, which for patients with diabetes signals an increased risk of both diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular complications. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria is important in the quest of finding new approaches to treat patients with diabetes. Direct acute effects of episodes of hyperglycaemia (HG) could have implications for the microalbuminuria seen in early diabetes before renal structural alterations have started, especially in those patients with poor glycaemic control. This review summarizes the literature evidence that acute or sustained HG may lead to an increased vascular or glomerular permeability. Special focus is on glomerular barrier permeability. There is evidence in the literature that HG increases systemic capillary and glomerular barrier permeability within 20-30 min in vivo in rats and mice. Furthermore, exposure of monolayers of cultured endothelial cells to HG has been shown to increase monolayer permeability rapidly and transiently (during 60-100 min). Instant cellular changes following F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, which could be abrogated by Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibition, are implicated. Data in this review also suggest that activation of protein kinase C, the polyol pathway, and an increased release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines could contribute to the increase in barrier permeability induced by HG. Recent in vitro data from cultured podocyte monolayers also designates a role of insulin in acute podocyte F-actin remodelling, underpinning the complexity of the mechanisms leading to glomerular and endothelial barrier alterations in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Swärd
- Department of Nephrology, University of Lund, University Hospital of Lund, Sweden
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11
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Choi H, Allahdadi KJ, Tostes RCA, Webb RC. Diacylglycerol Kinase Inhibition and Vascular Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:148-152. [PMID: 21547002 DOI: 10.2174/157340809789071137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), a family of lipid kinases, convert diacylglycerol (DG) to phosphatidic acid (PA). Acting as a second messenger, DG activates protein kinase C (PKC). PA, a signaling lipid, regulates diverse functions involved in physiological responses. Since DGK modulates two lipid second messengers, DG and PA, regulation of DGK could induce related cellular responses. Currently, there are 10 mammalian isoforms of DGK that are categorized into five groups based on their structural features. These diverse isoforms of DGK are considered to activate distinct cellular functions according to extracellular stimuli. Each DGK isoform is thought to play various roles inside the cell, depending on its subcellular localization (nuclear, ER, Golgi complex or cytoplasm). In vascular smooth muscle, vasoconstrictors such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and norepinephrine stimulate contraction by increasing inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)), calcium, DG and PKC activity. Inhibition of DGK could increase DG availability and decrease PA levels, as well as alter intracellular responses, including calcium-mediated and PKC-mediated vascular contraction. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate a role of DGK in vascular function. Selective inhibition of DGK isoforms may represent a novel therapeutic approach in vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehun Choi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA
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12
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Nobe K, Yamazaki T, Tsumita N, Hashimoto T, Honda K. Glucose-dependent enhancement of diabetic bladder contraction is associated with a rho kinase-regulated protein kinase C pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 328:940-50. [PMID: 19050171 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.144907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder dysfunction, which is one of the most common diabetic complications, is associated with alteration of bladder smooth muscle contraction. However, details regarding the responses under high-glucose (HG) conditions in diabetes are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify a relationship between extracellular glucose level and bladder smooth muscle contraction in diabetes. Bladder smooth muscle tissues were isolated from spontaneously type II diabetic (ob/ob mouse; 16-20 weeks of age, male) and age-matched control (C57BL mouse) mice. Carbachol (CCh) induced time- and dose-dependent contractions in ob/ob and C57BL mice; however, maximal responses differed significantly (14.34 +/- 0.32 and 12.69 +/- 0.22 mN/mm(2) after 30 microM CCh treatment, respectively; n = 5-8). Pretreatment of bladders under HG conditions (22.2 mM glucose; concentration is twice that of normal glucose for 30 min) led to enhancement of CCh-induced contraction solely in diabetic mice (15.9 +/- 0.26 mN/mm(2); n = 5). Basal extracellular glucose-dependent enhancement of bladder contraction in diabetes was documented initially in this study. The correlation between intracellular calcium concentration and contraction was enhanced only in the ob/ob mouse. This enhancement of contraction and total protein kinase C (PKC) activity were inhibited by pretreatment with not only a PKC inhibitor (rottlerin) but also with a rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)homopiperazine HCl]. These reagents also suppressed the differences between ob/ob and C57BL mouse bladder contractions under HG conditions. The data indicated that glucose-dependent enhancement of contraction in diabetic bladder is involved in the activation of the rho kinase and calcium-independent PKC pathways. This dysfunction may contribute to bladder complications such as detrusor overactivity and reduced bladder capacity in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nobe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
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13
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Nobe K, Nezu Y, Tsumita N, Hashimoto T, Honda K. Intra- and extrarenal arteries exhibit different profiles of contractile responses in high glucose conditions. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:1204-13. [PMID: 18806819 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The renal artery (RA) has been extensively investigated for the assessment of renal vascular function/dysfunction; however, few studies have focused on the intrarenal vasculature. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We devised a microvascular force measurement system, which allowed us to measure contractions of interlobar arteries (ILA), isolated from within the mouse kidney and prepared without endothelium. KEY RESULTS KCl (50 mM) induced similar force development in the aorta and RA but responses in the ILA were about 50% lower. Treatment of RA with 10 microM phenylephrine (PE), 10 nM U46619 (thromboxane A(2) analogue) or 10 microM prostaglandin F(2 alpha) elicited a response greater than 150% of that induced by KCl. In ILA, 10 nM U46619 elicited a response that was 130% of the KCl-induced response; however, other agonists induced levels similar to that induced by KCl. High glucose conditions (22.2 mM glucose) significantly enhanced responses in RA and ILA to PE or U46619 stimulation. This enhancement was suppressed by rottlerin, a calcium-independent PKC inhibitor, indicating that glucose-dependent, enhanced small vessel contractility in the kidney was linked to the activation of calcium-independent PKC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Extra- and intrarenal arteries exhibit different profiles of agonist-induced contractions. In ILA, only U46619 enhanced small vessel contractility in the kidney, which might lead to renal dysfunction and nephropathy through reduced intrarenal blood flow rate. A model has been established, which will allow the assessment of contractile responses of intrarenal arteries from murine models of renal disease, including type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nobe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SHOWA University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Asija A, Peterson SJ, Stec DE, Abraham NG. Targeting endothelial cells with heme oxygenase-1 gene using VE-cadherin promoter attenuates hyperglycemia-mediated cell injury and apoptosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007; 9:2065-74. [PMID: 17883332 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include hyperglycemia, TNF, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which collectively contribute to vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis. We examined, in vascular endothelial cells, whether the selective expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) offers cytoprotection against glucose- and TNF-mediated cell death. An adenoviral vector expressing human HO-1 was constructed using a VE-cadherin (VECAD) promotor fragment, and cell-specific expression of the recombinant adenovirus was examined using endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. The effects of HO-1 transduction (Ad-VECAD-HO-1 gene) on HO-1 expression, HO activity, and the response to TNF and hyperglycemia were studied. Human HO-1 gene was selectively expressed in endothelial cells after infection with the Ad-VECAD-HO-1 vector. Selective expression of HO-1 prevented TNF- and hyperglycemia-mediated superoxide (O2-) formation, DNA degeneration, and upregulation of caspase, but increased the expression of pAkt and Bcl-xL, proteins responsible for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. These results demonstrate that endothelial cell survival after oxidative stress injury may be enhanced by targeting HO-1 expression, thus blocking inflammation, apoptosis, and thereby attenuating cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Asija
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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