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Duangrat R, Parichatikanond W, Chanmahasathien W, Mangmool S. Adenosine A 3 Receptor: From Molecular Signaling to Therapeutic Strategies for Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5763. [PMID: 38891948 PMCID: PMC11171512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly heart failure, are major contributors to early mortality globally. Heart failure poses a significant public health problem, with persistently poor long-term outcomes and an overall unsatisfactory prognosis for patients. Conventionally, treatments for heart failure have focused on lowering blood pressure; however, the development of more potent therapies targeting hemodynamic parameters presents challenges, including tolerability and safety risks, which could potentially restrict their clinical effectiveness. Adenosine has emerged as a key mediator in CVDs, acting as a retaliatory metabolite produced during cellular stress via ATP metabolism, and works as a signaling molecule regulating various physiological processes. Adenosine functions by interacting with different adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes expressed in cardiac cells, including A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR. In addition to A1AR, A3AR has a multifaceted role in the cardiovascular system, since its activation contributes to reducing the damage to the heart in various pathological states, particularly ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension, although its role is not as well documented compared to other AR subtypes. Research on A3AR signaling has focused on identifying the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in CVDs through various pathways, including Gi or Gq protein-dependent signaling, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, MAPKs, and G protein-independent signaling. Several A3AR-specific agonists, such as piclidenoson and namodenoson, exert cardioprotective impacts during ischemia in the diverse animal models of heart disease. Thus, modulating A3ARs serves as a potential therapeutic approach, fueling considerable interest in developing compounds that target A3ARs as potential treatments for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanee Duangrat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Wisinee Chanmahasathien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Species dependence of A 3 adenosine receptor pharmacology and function. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:523-550. [PMID: 36538251 PMCID: PMC9763816 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to fully understand pharmacological differences between G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) species homologues are generally not pursued in detail during the drug development process. To date, many GPCRs that have been successfully targeted are relatively well-conserved across species in amino acid sequence and display minimal variability of biological effects. However, the A3 adenosine receptor (AR), an exciting drug target for a multitude of diseases associated with tissue injury, ischemia, and inflammation, displays as little as 70% sequence identity among mammalian species (e.g., rodent vs. primate) commonly used in drug development. Consequently, the pharmacological properties of synthetic A3AR ligands vary widely, not only in binding affinity, selectivity, and signaling efficacy, but to the extent that some function as agonists in some species and antagonists in others. Numerous heterocyclic antagonists that have nM affinity at the human A3AR are inactive or weakly active at the rat and mouse A3ARs. Positive allosteric modulators, including the imidazo [4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine derivative LUF6000, are only active at human and some larger animal species that have been evaluated (rabbit and dog), but not rodents. A3AR agonists evoke systemic degranulation of rodent, but not human mast cells. The rat A3AR undergoes desensitization faster than the human A3AR, but the human homologue can be completely re-sensitized and recycled back to the cell surface. Thus, comprehensive pharmacological evaluation and awareness of potential A3AR species differences are critical in studies to further understand the basic biological functions of this unique AR subtype. Recombinant A3ARs from eight different species have been pharmacologically characterized thus far. In this review, we describe in detail current knowledge of species differences in genetic identity, G protein-coupling, receptor regulation, and both orthosteric and allosteric A3AR pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA.
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0810, USA.
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Fisher C, Fallot LB, Wan TC, Keyes RF, Suresh RR, Rothwell AC, Gao ZG, McCorvy JD, Smith BC, Jacobson KA, Auchampach JA. Characterization of Dual-Acting A 3 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators That Preferentially Enhance Adenosine-Induced Gα i3 and Gα oA Isoprotein Activation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:625-641. [PMID: 35983277 PMCID: PMC9380209 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, cancer, and chronic neuropathic pain, with agonists already in advanced clinical trials. Here we report an in-depth comparison of the pharmacological properties and structure-activity relationships of existing and expanded compound libraries of 2-substituted 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine and 4-amino-substituted quinoline derivatives that function as A3AR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). We also show that our lead compound from each series enhances adenosine-induced A3AR signaling preferentially toward activation of Gαi3 and GαoA isoproteins, which are coexpressed with the A3AR in immune cells and spinal cord neurons. Finally, utilizing an extracellular/intracellular chimeric A3AR approach composed of sequences from a responding (human) and a nonresponding (mouse) species, we provide evidence in support of the idea that the imidazoquinolin-4-amine class of PAMs variably interacts dually with the orthosteric ligand binding site as well as with a separate allosteric site located within the inner/intracellular regions of the receptor. This study has advanced both structural and pharmacological understanding of these two classes of A3AR PAMs, which includes leads for future pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney
L. Fisher
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Lucas B. Fallot
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Life Science, United
States Military Academy, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United
States
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Robert F. Keyes
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - R. Rama Suresh
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amy C. Rothwell
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department
of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department
of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular
Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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4
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Liu K, Jin X, Zhang X, Lian H, Ye J. The mechanisms of nucleotide actions in insulin resistance. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kotulova J, Lonova K, Kubickova A, Vrbkova J, Kourilova P, Hajduch M, Dzubak P. 2‑Cl‑IB‑MECA regulates the proliferative and drug resistance pathways, and facilitates chemosensitivity in pancreatic and liver cancer cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:31. [PMID: 35039871 PMCID: PMC8788926 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonist, 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-5′-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (2-Cl-IB-MECA), demonstrates anti-proliferative effects on various types of tumor. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of 2-Cl-IB-MECA was analyzed in a panel of tumor and non-tumor cell lines and its anticancer mechanisms in JoPaca-1 pancreatic and Hep-3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were also investigated. Initially, decreased tumor cell proliferation, cell accumulation in the G1 phase and inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis was found. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed decreased protein expression level of β-catenin, patched1 (Ptch1) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog zinc finger protein 1 (Gli1), which are components of the Wnt/β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog/Ptch/Gli transduction pathways. In concordance with these findings, the protein expression levels of cyclin D1 and c-Myc were reduced. Using a luciferase assay, it was revealed for the first time a decrease in β-catenin transcriptional activity, as an early event following 2-Cl-IB-MECA treatment. In addition, the protein expression levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were reduced and the P-gp xenobiotic efflux function was also reduced. Next, the enhancing effects of 2-Cl-IB-MECA on the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy was investigated. It was found that 2-Cl-IB-MECA enhanced carboplatin and doxorubicin cytotoxic effects in the JoPaca-1 and Hep-3B cell lines, and a greater synergy was found in the highly tumorigenic JoPaca-1 cell line. This provides a novel in vitro rationale for the utiliza- tion of 2-Cl-IB-MECA in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, not only for hepatocellular carcinoma, but also for pancreatic cancer. Other currently used conventional chemo- therapeutics, fluorouracil and gemcitabine, showed synergy only when combined with high doses of 2-Cl-IB-MECA. Notably, experiments with A3AR-specific antagonist, N-[9-Chloro-2-(2-furanyl)(1,2,4)-triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-yl] benzene acetamide, revealed that 2-Cl-IB-MECA had antitumor effects via both A3AR-dependent and -independent pathways. In conclusion, the present study identified novel antitumor mechanisms of 2-Cl-IB-MECA in pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro that further underscores the importance of A3AR agonists in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kotulova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Lonova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agata Kubickova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vrbkova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Kourilova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Xiong W, Zhou R, Qu Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Song N, Liang R, Qian J. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning mitigates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111853. [PMID: 34237593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degranulation of cardiac mast cells is associated with occurrence and development of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Dexmedetomidine has a cardioprotective effect from I/R injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning induced cardioprotection is related to suppression of degranulation of cardiac mast cell. Both in vivo and in vitro experimental results revealed that hemodynamic disorder, arrhythmia, infarct size, histopathological score, and mast cell degranulation were dramatically increased in I/R injury groups compared with non-I/R groups, and mastocyte secretagogue compound 48/80 aggravated these damages, but it can be improved by dexmedetomidine preconditioning. Similarly, compound 48/80 increased levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tryptase, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) in cardiac tissues induced by I/R injury, but it can be partially decreased by dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Compound 48/80 inhibited proliferation of H9C2(2-1) and RBL-2H3, exacerbated apoptosis of H9C2(2-1), and elevated levels of cTnI and tryptase, while both of which were abolished by dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Our data suggest that dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviates the degranulation of mast cells and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes caused by I/R injury, and inhibits the activation of inflammatory related factors HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-κB p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongbi Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Choi H, Jacobson KA, Yu J, Jeong LS. Design and Synthesis of 2,6-Disubstituted-4'-Selenoadenosine-5'- N, N-Dimethyluronamide Derivatives as Human A 3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040363. [PMID: 33920062 PMCID: PMC8071163 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of 4′-selenoadenosine-5′-N,N-dimethyluronamide derivatives as highly potent and selective human A3 adenosine receptor (hA3AR) antagonists, is described. The highly selective A3AR agonists, 4′-selenoadenosine-5′-N-methyluronamides were successfully converted into selective antagonists by adding a second N-methyl group to the 5′-uronamide position. All the synthesized compounds showed medium to high binding affinity at the hA3AR. Among the synthesized compounds, 2-H-N6-3-iodobenzylamine derivative 9f exhibited the highest binding affinity at hA3AR. (Ki = 22.7 nM). The 2-H analogues generally showed better binding affinity than the 2-Cl analogues. The cAMP functional assay with 2-Cl-N6-3-iodobenzylamine derivative 9l demonstrated hA3AR antagonist activity. A molecular modelling study suggests an important role of the hydrogen of 5′-uronamide as an essential hydrogen bonding donor for hA3AR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongseok Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jinha Yu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.S.J.); Tel.: +82-2-880-7850 (L.S.J.)
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.S.J.); Tel.: +82-2-880-7850 (L.S.J.)
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Effendi WI, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Focusing on Adenosine Receptors as a Potential Targeted Therapy in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E785. [PMID: 32213945 PMCID: PMC7140859 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors, described as A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR, which are the center of cAMP signal pathway-based drug development. Several types of agonists, partial agonists or antagonists, and allosteric substances have been synthesized from these receptors as new therapeutic drug candidates. Research efforts surrounding A1AR and A2AAR are perhaps the most enticing because of their concentration and affinity; however, as a consequence of distressing conditions, both A2BAR and A3AR levels might accumulate. This review focuses on the biological features of each adenosine receptor as the basis of ligand production and describes clinical studies of adenosine receptor-associated pharmaceuticals in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
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Liu Y, Paterson M, Baumgardt SL, Irwin MG, Xia Z, Bosnjak ZJ, Ge ZD. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation is involved in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:168-178. [PMID: 29931049 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Previous studies indicate that nitric oxide derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) serves as both trigger and mediator in anaesthetic cardiac preconditioning. The mechanisms underlying regulation of eNOS by volatile anaesthetics have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study examined the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning. Methods and results Wistar rats underwent 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Isoflurane given prior to ischaemia/reperfusion significantly decreased myocardial infarct size from 60 ± 1% in control to 40 ± 3% (n = 8 rats/group, P < 0.05). The beneficial effects of isoflurane were blocked by neutralizing antibody against VEGF (nVEGF). Coronary arterial endothelial cells (ECs) alone or together with cardiomyocytes (CMs) were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. The expression of VEGF and eNOS was analysed by western blot, and nitric oxide was measured by ozone-based chemiluminescence. In co-cultured CMs and ECs, isoflurane administered before hypoxia/reoxygenation attenuated lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased the ratio of phosphorylated eNOS/eNOS and nitric oxide production. The protective effect of isoflurane on CMs was compromised by nVEGF and after VEGF in ECs was inhibited with hypoxia inducible factor-1α short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The negative effect of hypoxia inducible factor-1α shRNA was restored by recombinant VEGF. Conclusion Isoflurane cardiac preconditioning is associated with VEGF regulation of phosphorylation of eNOS and nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR, China
| | - Mark Paterson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shelley L Baumgardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael G Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR, China
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1651 Page Mill Road, Stanford, CA, USA
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Pant T, Dhanasekaran A, Bai X, Zhao M, Thorp EB, Forbess JM, Bosnjak ZJ, Ge ZD. Genome-wide differential expression profiling of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with early diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15345. [PMID: 31653946 PMCID: PMC6814824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure and death in patients with diabetes. There are no effective approaches to preventing its development in the clinic. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are increasingly recognized as important molecular players in cardiovascular disease. Herein we investigated the profiling of cardiac lncRNA and mRNA expression in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with and without early diabetic cardiomyopathy. We found that db/db mice developed cardiac hypertrophy with normal cardiac function at 6 weeks of age but with a decreased diastolic function at 20 weeks of age. LncRNA and mRNA transcripts were remarkably different in 20-week-old db/db mouse hearts compared with both nondiabetic and diabetic controls. Overall 1479 lncRNA transcripts and 1109 mRNA transcripts were aberrantly expressed in 6- and 20-week-old db/db hearts compared with nondiabetic controls. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network analysis revealed that 5 deregulated lncRNAs having maximum connections with differentially expressed mRNAs were BC038927, G730013B05Rik, 2700054A10Rik, AK089884, and Daw1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these 5 lncRNAs are closely associated with membrane depolarization, action potential conduction, contraction of cardiac myocytes, and actin filament-based movement of cardiac cells. This study profiles differently expressed lncRNAs in type 2 mice with and without early diabetic cardiomyopathy and identifies BC038927, G730013B05Rik, 2700054A10Rik, AK089884, and Daw1 as the core lncRNA with high significance in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | | | - Xiaowen Bai
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Joseph M Forbess
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
- Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
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Wan TC, Tampo A, Kwok WM, Auchampach JA. Ability of CP-532,903 to protect mouse hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury is dependent on expression of A 3 adenosine receptors in cardiomyoyctes. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:21-31. [PMID: 30710517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonists are effective at limiting injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart in experimental animal models. However, understanding of their mechanism of action, which is likely multifactorial, remains incomplete. In prior studies, it has been demonstrated that A3AR-mediated ischemic protection is blocked by glibenclamide and is absent in Kir6.2 gene ablated mice that lack the pore-forming subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, suggesting one contributing mechanism may involve accelerated activation of KATP channels. However, presence of A3ARs in the myocardium has yet to be established. Utilizing a whole-cell recording technique, in this study we confirm functional expression of the A3AR in adult mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes, coupled to activation of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels via Gi inhibitory proteins. We further show that ischemic protection provided by the selective A3AR agonist CP-532,903 in an isolated, buffer-perfused heart model is lost completely in Adora3LoxP/LoxP;Myh6-Cre mice, which is a newly developed model developed and comprehensively described herein whereby the A3AR gene (Adora3) is deleted exclusively in cardiomyocytes. Our findings, taken together with previously published work, are consistent with the hypothesis that A3AR agonists provide ischemic tolerance, at least in part, by facilitating opening of myocardial KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Akihito Tampo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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12
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Ni Y, Liang D, Tian Y, Kron IL, French BA, Yang Z. Infarct-Sparing Effect of Adenosine A2B Receptor Agonist Is Primarily Due to Its Action on Splenic Leukocytes Via a PI3K/Akt/IL-10 Pathway. J Surg Res 2018; 232:442-449. [PMID: 30463755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) agonist reduces myocardial reperfusion injury by acting on inflammatory cells. Recently, a cardiosplenic axis was shown to mediate the myocardial postischemic reperfusion injury. This study aimed to explore whether the infarct-squaring effect of A2BAR agonist was primarily due to its action on splenic leukocytes. METHODS C57BL6 (wild type [WT]) mice underwent 40 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 min of reperfusion. A2BAR knockout (KO) and interleukin (IL)-10KO mice served as donors for splenic leukocytes. Acute splenectomy was performed 30 min before ischemia. The acute splenic leukocyte adoptive transfer was performed by injecting 5 × 106 live splenic leukocytes into splenectomized mice. BAY 60-6583, an A2BAR agonist, was injected by i.v. 15 min before ischemia. The infarct size (IS) was determined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Phthalo blue staining. The expression of p-Akt and IL-10 was estimated by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the localization of IL-10 expression. RESULTS BAY 60-6583 reduced the myocardial IS in intact mice but failed to reduce the same in splenectomized mice, which had a smaller IS than intact mice. BAY 60-6583 reduced the IS in splenectomized mice with the acute transfer of WT splenic leukocytes; however, it did not protect the heart of splenectomized mice with the acute transfer of A2BRKO splenic leukocytes. Furthermore, BAY 60-6583 increased the levels of p-Akt and IL-10 in the WT spleen. Moreover, it did not exert any protective effect in IL-10KO mice. CONCLUSIONS A2BAR activation before ischemia stimulated the IL-10 production in splenic leukocytes via a PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects that limited the myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. of China
| | - Degang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. of China
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. of China.
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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13
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A binding kinetics study of human adenosine A 3 receptor agonists. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:248-259. [PMID: 29305857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human adenosine A3 (hA3) receptor has been suggested as a viable drug target in inflammatory diseases and in cancer. So far, a number of selective hA3 receptor agonists (e.g. IB-MECA and 2-Cl-IB-MECA) inducing anti-inflammatory or anticancer effects are under clinical investigation. Drug-target binding kinetics is increasingly recognized as another pharmacological parameter, next to affinity, for compound triage in the early phases of drug discovery. However, such a kinetics-driven analysis has not yet been performed for the hA3 receptor. In this study, we first validated a competition association assay for adenosine A3 receptor agonists to determine the target interaction kinetics. Affinities and Kinetic Rate Index (KRI) values of 11 ribofurano and 10 methanocarba nucleosides were determined in radioligand binding assays. Afterwards, 15 analogues were further selected (KRI <0.70 or KRI >1.35) for full kinetics characterization. The structure-kinetics relationships (SKR) were derived and longer residence times were associated with methanocarba and enlarged adenine N6 and C2 substitutions. In addition, from a kon-koff-KD kinetic map we divided the agonists into three subgroups. A residence time "cliff" was observed, which might be relevant to (N)-methanocarba derivatives' rigid C2-arylalkynyl substitutions. Our findings provide substantial evidence that, next to affinity, additional knowledge of binding kinetics is useful for developing and selecting new hA3R agonists in the early phase of the drug discovery process.
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14
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Failure of Isoflurane Cardiac Preconditioning in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice Involves Aberrant Regulation of MicroRNA-21, Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase, and Mitochondrial Complex I. Anesthesiology 2017; 128:117-129. [PMID: 29040168 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes impairs the cardioprotective effect of volatile anesthetics, yet the mechanisms are still murky. We examined the regulatory effect of isoflurane on microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I in type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was produced in obese type 2 diabetic (db/db) and C57BL/6 control mice ex vivo in the presence or absence of isoflurane administered before ischemia. Cardiac microRNA-21 was quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction. The dimers and monomers of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase were measured by Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence was determined in Langendorff-perfused hearts. RESULTS Body weight and fasting blood glucose were greater in db/db than C57BL/6 mice. Isoflurane decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from 35 ± 8 mmHg in control to 23 ± 9 mmHg (P = 0.019, n = 8 mice/group, mean ± SD) and elevated ±dP/dt 2 h after post-ischemic reperfusion in C57BL/6 mice. These beneficial effects of isoflurane were lost in db/db mice. Isoflurane elevated microRNA-21 and the ratio of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase dimers/monomers and decreased mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels 5 min after ischemia in C57BL/6 but not db/db mice. MicroRNA-21 knockout blocked these favorable effects of isoflurane, whereas endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout had no effect on the expression of microRNA-21 but blocked the inhibitory effect of isoflurane preconditioning on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. CONCLUSIONS Failure of isoflurane cardiac preconditioning in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice is associated with aberrant regulation of microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I.
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15
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Liu Y, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Vásquez-Vivar J, Xia Z, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Transgenic overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 in cardiomyocytes ameliorates post-infarction cardiac remodeling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3093. [PMID: 28596578 PMCID: PMC5465102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and its product tetrahydrobiopterin play crucial roles in cardiovascular health and disease, yet the exact regulation and role of GCH1 in adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction are still enigmatic. Here we report that cardiac GCH1 is degraded in remodeled hearts after myocardial infarction, concomitant with increases in the thickness of interventricular septum, interstitial fibrosis, and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and decreases in left ventricular anterior wall thickness, cardiac contractility, tetrahydrobiopterin, the dimers of nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins. Intriguingly, transgenic overexpression of GCH1 in cardiomyocytes reduces the thickness of interventricular septum and interstitial fibrosis and increases anterior wall thickness and cardiac contractility after infarction. Moreover, we show that GCH1 overexpression decreases phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and elevates tetrahydrobiopterin levels, the dimerization and phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins in post-infarction remodeled hearts. Our results indicate that the pivotal role of GCH1 overexpression in post-infarction cardiac remodeling is attributable to preservation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling proteins, and identify a new therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling after infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Shelley L Baumgardt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wiscosin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David C Warltier
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Judy R Kersten
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53226, USA.
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16
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Carlin JL, Jain S, Gizewski E, Wan TC, Tosh DK, Xiao C, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Hypothermia in mouse is caused by adenosine A 1 and A 3 receptor agonists and AMP via three distinct mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2017; 114:101-113. [PMID: 27914963 PMCID: PMC5183552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Small mammals have the ability to enter torpor, a hypothermic, hypometabolic state, allowing impressive energy conservation. Administration of adenosine or adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) can trigger a hypothermic, torpor-like state. We investigated the mechanisms for hypothermia using telemetric monitoring of body temperature in wild type and receptor knock out (Adora1-/-, Adora3-/-) mice. Confirming prior data, stimulation of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) induced hypothermia via peripheral mast cell degranulation, histamine release, and activation of central histamine H1 receptors. In contrast, A1AR agonists and AMP both acted centrally to cause hypothermia. Commonly used, selective A1AR agonists, including N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), and MRS5474, caused hypothermia via both A1AR and A3AR when given intraperitoneally. Intracerebroventricular dosing, low peripheral doses of Cl-ENBA [(±)-5'-chloro-5'-deoxy-N6-endo-norbornyladenosine], or using Adora3-/- mice allowed selective stimulation of A1AR. AMP-stimulated hypothermia can occur independently of A1AR, A3AR, and mast cells. A1AR and A3AR agonists and AMP cause regulated hypothermia that was characterized by a drop in total energy expenditure, physical inactivity, and preference for cooler environmental temperatures, indicating a reduced body temperature set point. Neither A1AR nor A3AR was required for fasting-induced torpor. A1AR and A3AR agonists and AMP trigger regulated hypothermia via three distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lea Carlin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Nishat S, Khan LA, Ansari ZM, Basir SF. Adenosine A3 Receptor: A promising therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2016; 12:18-26. [PMID: 26750723 PMCID: PMC4807713 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160111125116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are one of the major factors for early mortality in the present
worldwide scenario and have become a major challenge in both developing and developed nations. It
has thus become of immense importance to look for different therapeutic possibilities and treatments
for the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases. Recent advancements in research have opened
various means for better understanding of the complication and treatment of the disease. Adenosine
receptors have become tool of choice in understanding the signaling mechanism which might lead to
the cardiovascular complications. Adenosine A3 receptor is one of the important receptor which is extensively studied as a
therapeutic target in cardiovascular disorder. Recent studies have shown that A3AR is involved in the amelioration of cardiovascular
complications by altering the expression of A3AR. This review focuses towards the therapeutic potential of
A3AR involved in cardiovascular disease and it might help in better understanding of mechanism by which this receptor
may prove useful in improving the complications arising due to various cardiovascular diseases. Understanding of A3AR
signaling may also help to develop newer agonists and antagonists which might be prove helpful in the treatment of cardiovascular
disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seemi F Basir
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.
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18
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Wu HE, Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Paterson M, Liu Y, Du J, Shi Y, Qiao S, Bosnjak ZJ, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Cardiomyocyte GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Protects the Heart Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27925. [PMID: 27295516 PMCID: PMC4904741 DOI: 10.1038/srep27925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy increases the risk of heart failure and death. At present, there are no effective approaches to preventing its development in the clinic. Here we report that reduction of cardiac GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) degradation by genetic and pharmacological approaches protects the heart against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GCH1 with streptozotocin, and control animals were given citrate buffer. We found that diabetes-induced degradation of cardiac GCH1 proteins contributed to adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice, concomitant with decreases in tetrahydrobiopterin, dimeric and phosphorylated neuronal nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) handling proteins, intracellular [Ca(2+)]i, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content and increases in phosphorylated p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and superoxide production. Interestingly, GCH-1 overexpression abrogated these detrimental effects of diabetes. Furthermore, we found that MG 132, an inhibitor for 26S proteasome, preserved cardiac GCH1 proteins and ameliorated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction during diabetes. This study deepens our understanding of impaired cardiac function in diabetes, identifies GCH1 as a modulator of cardiac remodeling and function, and reveals a new therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MA 21224, USA
| | - Shelley L. Baumgardt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mark Paterson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Health Care, 750 W. Virginia Street, Milwaukee, WI 53234, USA
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J. Bosnjak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David C. Warltier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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19
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Janes K, Symons-Liguori AM, Jacobson KA, Salvemini D. Identification of A3 adenosine receptor agonists as novel non-narcotic analgesics. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1253-67. [PMID: 26804983 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain negatively impacts the quality of life in a variety of patient populations. The current therapeutic repertoire is inadequate in managing patient pain and warrants the development of new therapeutics. Adenosine and its four cognate receptors (A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 ) have important roles in physiological and pathophysiological states, including chronic pain. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that while adenosine and agonists of the A1 and A2A receptors have antinociceptive properties, their therapeutic utility is limited by adverse cardiovascular side effects. In contrast, our understanding of the A3 receptor is only in its infancy, but exciting preclinical observations of A3 receptor antinociception, which have been bolstered by clinical trials of A3 receptor agonists in other disease states, suggest pain relief without cardiovascular side effects and with sufficient tolerability. Our goal herein is to briefly discuss adenosine and its receptors in the context of pathological pain and to consider the current data regarding A3 receptor-mediated antinociception. We will highlight recent findings regarding the impact of the A3 receptor on pain pathways and examine the current state of selective A3 receptor agonists used for these studies. The adenosine-to-A3 receptor pathway represents an important endogenous system that can be targeted to provide safe, effective pain relief from chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Janes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A M Symons-Liguori
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - K A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Carlin JL, Tosh DK, Xiao C, Piñol RA, Chen Z, Salvemini D, Gavrilova O, Jacobson KA, Reitman ML. Peripheral Adenosine A3 Receptor Activation Causes Regulated Hypothermia in Mice That Is Dependent on Central Histamine H1 Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:474-82. [PMID: 26606937 PMCID: PMC4746492 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.229872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine can induce hypothermia, as previously demonstrated for adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) agonists. Here we use the potent, specific A3AR agonists MRS5698, MRS5841, and MRS5980 to show that adenosine also induces hypothermia via the A3AR. The hypothermic effect of A3AR agonists is independent of A1AR activation, as the effect was fully intact in mice lacking A1AR but abolished in mice lacking A3AR. A3AR agonist-induced hypothermia was attenuated by mast cell granule depletion, demonstrating that the A3AR hypothermia is mediated, at least in part, via mast cells. Central agonist dosing had no clear hypothermic effect, whereas peripheral dosing of a non-brain-penetrant agonist caused hypothermia, suggesting that peripheral A3AR-expressing cells drive the hypothermia. Mast cells release histamine, and blocking central histamine H1 (but not H2 or H4) receptors prevented the hypothermia. The hypothermia was preceded by hypometabolism and mice with hypothermia preferred a cooler environmental temperature, demonstrating that the hypothermic state is a coordinated physiologic response with a reduced body temperature set point. Importantly, hypothermia is not required for the analgesic effects of A3AR agonists, which occur with lower agonist doses. These results support a mechanistic model for hypothermia in which A3AR agonists act on peripheral mast cells, causing histamine release, which stimulates central histamine H1 receptors to induce hypothermia. This mechanism suggests that A3AR agonists will probably not be useful for clinical induction of hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lea Carlin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (J.L.C., C.X., R.A.P., M.L.R.), Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry (D.K.T., K.A.J.), and Mouse Metabolism Core (O.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (Z.C., D.S.)
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21
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Baumgardt SL, Paterson M, Leucker TM, Fang J, Zhang DX, Bosnjak ZJ, Warltier DC, Kersten JR, Ge ZD. Chronic Co-Administration of Sepiapterin and L-Citrulline Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Circ Heart Fail 2016; 9:e002424. [PMID: 26763290 PMCID: PMC4714787 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic heart disease is associated with tetrahydrobiopterin oxidation and high arginase activity, leading to endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction. Sepiapterin (SEP) is a tetrahydrobiopterin precursor, and L-citrulline (L-Cit) is converted to endothelial nitric oxide synthase substrate, L-arginine. Whether SEP and L-Cit are effective at reducing diabetic heart disease is not known. The present study examined the effects of SEP and L-Cit on diabetic cardiomyopathy and ischemia/reperfusion injury in obese type 2 diabetic mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Db/db and C57BLKS/J mice at 6 to 8 weeks of age received vehicle, SEP, or L-Cit orally alone or in combination for 8 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated with echocardiography. Db/db mice displayed hyperglycemia, obesity, and normal blood pressure and cardiac function compared with C57BLKS/J mice at 6 to 8 weeks of age. After vehicle treatment for 8 weeks, db/db mice had reduced ejection fraction, mitral E/A ratio, endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries, tetrahydrobiopterin concentrations, ratio of endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimers/monomers, and nitric oxide levels compared with vehicle-treated C57BLKS/J mice. These detrimental effects of diabetes mellitus were abrogated by co-administration of SEP and L-Cit. Myocardial infarct size was increased, and coronary flow rate and ± dP/dt were decreased during reperfusion in vehicle-treated db/db mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion injury compared with control mice. Co-administration of SEP and L-Cit decreased infarct size and improved coronary flow rate and cardiac function in both C57BLKS/J and db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of SEP and L-Cit limits diabetic cardiomyopathy and ischemia/reperfusion injury in db/db mice through a tetrahydrobiopterin/endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L Baumgardt
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - Mark Paterson
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - Thorsten M Leucker
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - Juan Fang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - David X Zhang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - David C Warltier
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - Judy R Kersten
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.)
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- From the Department of Anesthesiology (S.L.B., M.P., Z.J.B., D.C.W., J.R.K., Z.-D.G.), Department of Pediatrics (J.F.), Department of Medicine (D.X.Z.), Department of Physiology (Z.J.B.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.C.W., J.R.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (T.M.L.).
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22
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MicroRNA-21 Mediates Isoflurane-induced Cardioprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Akt/Nitric Oxide Synthase/Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Pathway. Anesthesiology 2015; 123:786-798. [PMID: 26259139 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microRNA-21 in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection is unknown. The authors addressed this issue by using microRNA-21 knockout mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 and microRNA-21 knockout mice were echocardiographically examined. Mouse hearts underwent 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion in vivo or ex vivo in the presence or absence of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane administered before ischemia. Cardiac Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) proteins were determined by Western blot analysis. Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in cardiomyocytes was induced by photoexcitation-generated oxidative stress and detected by rapid dissipation of tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester fluorescence using a confocal microscope. RESULTS Genetic disruption of miR-21 gene did not alter phenotype of the left ventricle, baseline cardiac function, area at risk, and the ratios of phosphorylated-Akt/Akt, phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS, and phosphorylated-nNOS/nNOS. Isoflurane decreased infarct size from 54 ± 10% in control to 36 ± 10% (P < 0.05, n = 8 mice per group), improved cardiac function after reperfusion, and increased the ratios of phosphorylated-Akt/AKT, phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS, and phosphorylated-nNOS/nNOS in C57BL/6 mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. These beneficial effects of isoflurane were lost in microRNA-21 knockout mice. There were no significant differences in time of the mPTP opening induced by photoexcitation-generated oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes isolated between C57BL/6 and microRNA-21 knockout mice. Isoflurane significantly delayed mPTP opening in cardiomyocytes from C57BL/6 but not from microRNA-21 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane protects mouse hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury by a microRNA-21-dependent mechanism. The Akt/NOS/mPTP pathway is involved in the microRNA-21-mediated protective effect of isoflurane.
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23
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Borea PA, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Baraldi PG, Tabrizi MA, Merighi S, Gessi S. The A3 adenosine receptor: history and perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:74-102. [PMID: 25387804 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy demand. Adenosine mediation involves activation of a family of four G protein-coupled adenosine receptors (ARs): A(1), A(2)A, A(2)B, and A(3). The A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) is the only adenosine subtype to be overexpressed in inflammatory and cancer cells, thus making it a potential target for therapy. Originally isolated as an orphan receptor, A(3)AR presented a twofold nature under different pathophysiologic conditions: it appeared to be protective/harmful under ischemic conditions, pro/anti-inflammatory, and pro/antitumoral depending on the systems investigated. Until recently, the greatest and most intriguing challenge has been to understand whether, and in which cases, selective A(3) agonists or antagonists would be the best choice. Today, the choice has been made and A(3)AR agonists are now under clinical development for some disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, glaucoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. More specifically, the interest and relevance of these new agents derives from clinical data demonstrating that A(3)AR agonists are both effective and safe. Thus, it will become apparent in the present review that purine scientists do seem to be getting closer to their goal: the incorporation of adenosine ligands into drugs with the ability to save lives and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section (P.A.B., K.V., F.V., S.M., S.G.), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy (P.G.B., M.A.T.)
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Ren T, Tian T, Feng X, Ye S, Wang H, Wu W, Qiu Y, Yu C, He Y, Zeng J, Cen J, Zhou Y. An adenosine A3 receptor agonist inhibits DSS-induced colitis in mice through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9047. [PMID: 25762375 PMCID: PMC4357005 DOI: 10.1038/srep09047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) in experimental colitis is controversial. The A3AR agonist N6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) has been shown to have a clinical benefit, although studies in A3AR-deficient mice suggest a pro-inflammatory role. However, there are no studies on the effect of 2-Cl-IB-MECA and the molecular mechanism of action of A3AR in murine colitis models in vivo. Is it the same as that observed in vitro? The interaction between 2-CL-IB-MECA and A3AR in a murine colitis model and the signaling pathways associated with this interaction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate a role for the NF-κB signaling pathway and its effect on modifying the activity of proinflammatory factors in A3AR-mediated biological processes. Our results demonstrated that A3AR activation possessed marked effects on experimental colitis through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Shicai Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Weiyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yumei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Caiyuan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yanting He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Juncheng Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Junwei Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, No. 57 South Renmin Avenue, Zhanjiang 524001, China
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25
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Burnstock G, Pelleg A. Cardiac purinergic signalling in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:1-46. [PMID: 25527177 PMCID: PMC4336308 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a historical account about purinergic signalling in the heart, for readers to see how ideas and understanding have changed as new experimental results were published. Initially, the focus is on the nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Control of the heart by centers in the brain and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involving purines are also discussed. The actions of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides on cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels are described. Cardiac release and degradation of ATP are also described. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling and its therapeutic potential in cardiac pathophysiology is reviewed, including acute and chronic heart failure, ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, syncope, hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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26
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The infarct-sparing effect of IB-MECA against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice is mediated by sequential activation of adenosine A3 and A 2A receptors. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:16. [PMID: 25711314 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Conflicting results exist regarding the role of A3 adenosine receptors (A3ARs) in mediating cardioprotection during reperfusion following myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that the effects of the A3AR agonist IB-MECA to produce cardioprotection might involve activation of other adenosine receptor subtypes. C57Bl/6 (B6), A3AR KO, A2AAR KO, and A2AAR KO/WT bone marrow chimeric mice were assigned to 12 groups undergoing either hemodynamic studies or 45 min of LAD occlusion and 60 min of reperfusion. IB-MECA (100 μg/kg) or vehicle was administered by iv bolus 5 min before reperfusion. Radioligand binding assays showed that IB-MECA has high affinity for the mouse A3AR (K i = 0.17 ± 0.05 nM), but also can bind with lower affinity to the A1AR (9.0 ± 2.4 nM) or the A2AAR (56.5 ± 10.2 nM). IB-MECA caused bi-phasic hemodynamic changes, which were completely absent in A3AR KO mice and were modified by A2AAR blockade or deletion. IB-MECA stimulated histamine release, increased heart rate, and significantly reduced IF size in B6 mice from 61.5 ± 1.4 to 48.6 ± 2.4% of risk region (RR; 21% reduction, p < 0.05) but not in A3AR KO mice. Compared to B6, A3AR KO mice had significantly reduced IF size (p < 0.05). In B6/B6 bone marrow chimeras, IB-MECA caused a 47% reduction of IF size (from 47.3 ± 3.9 to 24.7 ± 4.5, p < 0.05). However, no significant cardioprotective effect of IB-MECA was observed in A2AARKO/B6 mice, which lacked A2AARs only on their bone marrow-derived cells. Activation of A3ARs induces a bi-phasic hemodynamic response, which is partially mediated by activation of A2AARs. The cardioprotective effect of IB-MECA is due to the initial activation of A3AR followed by activation of A2AARs in bone marrow-derived cells.
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Hill SJ, May LT, Kellam B, Woolard J. Allosteric interactions at adenosine A(1) and A(3) receptors: new insights into the role of small molecules and receptor dimerization. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1102-13. [PMID: 24024783 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleoside adenosine is present in all cells in tightly regulated concentrations. It is released under a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions to facilitate protection and regeneration of tissues. Adenosine acts via specific GPCRs to either stimulate cyclic AMP formation, as exemplified by Gs -protein-coupled adenosine receptors (A2A and A2B ), or inhibit AC activity, in the case of Gi/o -coupled adenosine receptors (A1 and A3 ). Recent advances in our understanding of GPCR structure have provided insights into the conformational changes that occur during receptor activation following binding of agonists to orthosteric (i.e. at the same binding site as an endogenous modulator) and allosteric regulators to allosteric sites (i.e. at a site that is topographically distinct from the endogenous modulator). Binding of drugs to allosteric sites may lead to changes in affinity or efficacy, and affords considerable potential for increased selectivity in new drug development. Herein, we provide an overview of the properties of selective allosteric regulators of the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors, focusing on the impact of receptor dimerization, mechanistic approaches to single-cell ligand-binding kinetics and the effects of A1 - and A3 -receptor allosteric modulators on in vivo pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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28
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Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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29
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Caspase Inhibition Via A3 Adenosine Receptors: A New Cardioprotective Mechanism Against Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2013; 28:19-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-013-6500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leucker TM, Ge ZD, Procknow J, Liu Y, Shi Y, Bienengraeber M, Warltier DC, Kersten JR. Impairment of endothelial-myocardial interaction increases the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70088. [PMID: 23894596 PMCID: PMC3718730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-myocardial interactions may be critically important for ischemia/reperfusion injury. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a required cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) production by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Hyperglycemia (HG) leads to significant increases in oxidative stress, oxidizing BH4 to enzymatically incompetent dihydrobiopterin. How alterations in endothelial BH4 content impact myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury remains elusive. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of endothelial-myocardial interaction on ischemia/reperfusion injury, with an emphasis on the role of endothelial BH4 content. Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were treated by triton X-100 to produce endothelial dysfunction and subsequently subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The recovery of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during reperfusion was impaired in triton X-100 treated hearts compared with vehicle-treated hearts. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) were co-cultured with endothelial cells (ECs) and subsequently subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation. Addition of ECs to CMs at a ratio of 1∶3 significantly increased NO production and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity compared with CMs alone. This EC-derived protection was abolished by HG. The addition of 100 µM sepiapterin (a BH4 precursor) or overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (the rate-limiting enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis) in ECs by gene trasfer enhanced endothelial BH4 levels, the ratio of eNOS dimer/monomer, eNOS phosphorylation, and NO production and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the presence of HG. These results demonstrate that increased BH4 content in ECs by either pharmacological or genetic approaches reduces myocardial damage during hypoxia/reoxygenation in the presence of HG. Maintaining sufficient endothelial BH4 is crucial for cardioprotection against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten M. Leucker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jesse Procknow
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Martin Bienengraeber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David C. Warltier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Baotic I, Ge ZD, Sedlic F, Coon A, Weihrauch D, Warltier DC, Kersten JR. Apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic D-4F enhances isoflurane-induced eNOS signaling and cardioprotection during acute hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H219-27. [PMID: 23666677 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00850.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute hyperglycemia (AHG) decreases the availability of nitric oxide (NO) and impairs anesthetic preconditioning (APC)-elicited protection against myocardial infarction. We investigated whether D-4F, an apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic, rescues the myocardium by promoting APC-induced endothelial NO signaling during AHG. Myocardial infarct size was measured in mice in the absence or presence of APC [isoflurane (1.4%)] with or without AHG [dextrose (2 g/kg ip)] and D-4F (0.12 or 0.6 mg/kg ip). NO production, superoxide generation, protein compartmentalization, and posttranslational endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) modifications were assessed in human coronary artery endothelial cells cultured in 5.5 or 20 mM glucose with or without isoflurane (0.5 mM) in the presence or absence of D-4F (0.5 μg/ml). Myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased by APC (36 ± 3% of risk area) compared with control (54 ± 3%) in the absence, but not presence, of AHG (49 ± 4%). D-4F restored the cardioprotective effect of APC during AHG (36 ± 3% and 30 ± 3%, 0.12 and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively), although D-4F alone had no effect on infarct size (53 ± 3%). Isoflurane promoted caveolin-1 and eNOS compartmentalization within endothelial cell caveolae and eNOS dimerization, concomitant with increased NO production (411 ± 28 vs. 68 ± 10 pmol/mg protein in control). These actions were attenuated by AHG (NO production: 264 ± 18 pmol/mg protein). D-4F reduced superoxide generation and enhanced caveolin-1 and eNOS caveolar compartmentalization and posttranslational eNOS modifications, thus restoring NO production during isoflurane and AHG (418 ± 36 pmol/mg protein). In conclusion, D-4F restored the cardioprotective effect of APC during AHG, possibly by decreasing superoxide generation, which promoted isoflurane-induced eNOS signaling and NO biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Baotic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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A Simple Modification Results in Greater Success in the Model of Coronary Artery Ligation and Myocardial Ischemia in Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:430-6. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318288a68d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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FISHMAN PNINA, COHEN SHIRA, BAR-YEHUDA SARA. Targeting the A3 adenosine receptor for glaucoma treatment (Review). Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1723-5. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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34
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Regulation of atherosclerosis and associated risk factors by adenosine and adenosine receptors. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 14:460-8. [PMID: 22850979 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous metabolite that has an anti-inflammatory effect across the vasculature. Extracellular adenosine activates 4 G-protein coupled receptors (A1, A3, A2A, and A2B) whose expression varies in different cells and tissues, including the vasculature and blood cells. Higher levels of adenosine are generated during stress, inflammation, and upon tissue damage. Some of the adenosine receptors (AR), such as the A2BAR, are further up-regulated following such stresses. This review discusses the role of adenosine and adenosine receptors in the development of atherosclerosis and some of the risk factors associated with this pathology. These include adenosine receptor-regulated changes in atherosclerosis, blood pressure, thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. Potential therapeutic applications are reviewed, as well as reasons for phenotypic differences occasionally observed between receptor knockout and pharmacological inhibition via drug administration.
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35
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Mulloy DP, Sharma AK, Fernandez LG, Zhao Y, Lau CL, Kron IL, Laubach VE. Adenosine A3 receptor activation attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:1762-7. [PMID: 23541429 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury leads to primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Adenosine receptors modulate inflammation after IR, and the adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) is expressed in lung tissue and inflammatory cells. This study tests the hypothesis that A3R agonism attenuates lung IR injury by a neutrophil-dependent mechanism. METHODS Wild-type and A3R knockout (A3R-/-) mice underwent 1-hour left lung ischemia followed by 2-hours reperfusion (IR). A selective A3R agonist, Cl-IB-MECA, was administered (100 μg/kg intravenously) 5 minutes prior to ischemia. Study groups included sham, IR, and IR+Cl-IB-MECA (n = 6/group). Lung injury was assessed by measuring lung function, pulmonary edema, histopathology, and proinflammatory cytokines, and myeloperoxidase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Parallel in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate neutrophil chemotaxis, and neutrophil activation was measured after exposure to acute hypoxia and reoxygenation. RESULTS Treatment of wild-type mice with Cl-IB-MECA significantly improved lung function and decreased edema, cytokine expression, and neutrophil infiltration after IR. The Cl-IB-MECA had no effects in A3R-/- mice; Cl-IB-MECA significantly decreased activation of wild-type, but not A3R-/-, neutrophils after acute hypoxia and reoxygenation and inhibited chemotaxis of wild-type neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous activation of A3R by Cl-IB-MECA attenuates lung dysfunction, inflammation, and neutrophil infiltration after IR in wild-type but not A3R-/- mice. Results with isolated neutrophils suggest that the protective effects of Cl-IB-MECA are due, in part, to the prevention of neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. The use of A3R agonists may be a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent lung IR injury and primary graft dysfunction after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Mulloy
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Kozma E, Gizewski ET, Tosh DK, Squarcialupi L, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Characterization by flow cytometry of fluorescent, selective agonist probes of the A(3) adenosine receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:1171-81. [PMID: 23376019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Various fluorescent nucleoside agonists of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) were compared as high affinity probes using radioligands and flow cytometry (FCM). They contained a fluorophore linked through the C2 or N(6) position and rigid A3AR-enhancing (N)-methanocarba modification. A hydrophobic C2-(1-pyrenyl) derivative MRS5704 bound nonselectively. C2-Tethered cyanine5-dye labeled MRS5218 bound selectively to hA3AR expressed in whole CHO cells and membranes. By FCM, binding was A3AR-mediated (blocked by A3AR antagonist, at least half through internalization), with t1/2 for association 38min in mA3AR-HEK293 cells; 26.4min in sucrose-treated hA3AR-CHO cells (Kd 31nM). Membrane binding indicated moderate mA3AR affinity, but not selectivity. Specific accumulation of fluorescence (50nM MRS5218) occurred in cells expressing mA3AR, but not other mouse ARs. Evidence was provided suggesting that MRS5218 detects endogenous expression of the A3AR in the human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cell line. Therefore, MRS5218 promises to be a useful tool for characterizing the A3AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kozma
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
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Amani M, Jeddi S, Ahmadiasl N, Usefzade N, Zaman J. Effect of HEMADO on Level of CK-MB and LDH Enzymes after Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Heart. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2012; 3:101-4. [PMID: 23878794 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2013.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia/Reperfusion (IR) injury mainly causes the increase of enzymes involved in myocytes injury including CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) isoenzyme and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase). Leakage of CK-MB isoenzyme and LDH from myocardial tissues to blood is indicator of acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HEMADO on IR injury and its relationship with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels (mitoKATP) in rat heart. METHODS Twenty eight male Wistar rats (250-300g) were divided into four groups (seven members in each group): control (without ischemia), I/R (with ischemia+without HEMADO), ischemia received HEMADO (HEMADO), ischemia received HEMADO and 5-HD (5-hydroxydecanoate, specific mitoKATP channel blocker) (HEMADO+5-HD). The animals were anesthetized and the hearts were quickly removed and mounted on Langendorff apparatus and perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution under constant pressure and temperature of 37ºC. After 20 minutes of stabilization, ischemic groups were exposed to 40 minutes of global ischemia and consecutive 90 minutes of reperfusion. RESULTS IR injury increased the level of LDH and CK-MB in the collected coronary flow during 5 minutes since start of reperfusion. HEMADO reduced the enzymes' levels and using 5-HD abolished the effect of HEMADO. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that HEMADO could protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by decreasing the CK-MB and LDH levels. The cardioprotective effect of HEMADO may be mediated in part by mitoKATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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38
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Adenosine A3 receptor-induced proliferation of primary human coronary smooth muscle cells involving the induction of early growth response genes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:639-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Trichinella spiralis secreted enzymes regulate nucleotide-induced mast cell activation and release of mouse mast cell protease 1. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3761-7. [PMID: 22890994 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00411-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides are important triggers of innate immunity, acting on a wide variety of cells via signaling through purinergic receptors. Mucosal mast cells contribute to expulsion of a number of gastrointestinal nematode parasites, and mouse mast cell protease 1 has been shown to have a critical role in clearance of Trichinella spiralis from the intestinal tract. We show here that adenosine, ADP, ATP, UDP, and UTP all stimulate calcium mobilization in bone marrow-derived mast cells with a mucosal phenotype. Secreted proteins from T. spiralis infective larvae inhibit nucleotide-induced mast cell activation, and that induced by ADP and UDP is specifically blocked by parasite secretory 5'-nucleotidase. Release of mouse mast cell protease 1 is stimulated by ADP and ATP. Both parasite secreted products and the 5'-nucleotidase inhibit ADP-induced release of mast cell protease, whereas that stimulated by ATP is partially inhibited by secreted products alone. This indicates that the 5'-nucleotidase contributes to but is not solely responsible for inhibition of nucleotide-mediated effects on mast cell function. Secretion of nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes by parasitic nematodes most likely evolved as a strategy for suppression of innate immune responses and is discussed in this context.
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Tosh DK, Deflorian F, Phan K, Gao ZG, Wan TC, Gizewski E, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Structure-guided design of A(3) adenosine receptor-selective nucleosides: combination of 2-arylethynyl and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane substitutions. J Med Chem 2012; 55:4847-60. [PMID: 22559880 PMCID: PMC3371665 DOI: 10.1021/jm300396n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(N)-Methanocarba adenosine 5'-methyluronamides containing known A(3) AR (adenosine receptor)-enhancing modifications, i.e., 2-(arylethynyl)adenine and N(6)-methyl or N(6)-(3-substituted-benzyl), were nanomolar full agonists of human (h) A(3)AR and highly selective (K(i) ∼0.6 nM, N(6)-methyl 2-(halophenylethynyl) analogues 13 and 14). Combined 2-arylethynyl-N(6)-3-chlorobenzyl substitutions preserved A(3)AR affinity/selectivity in the (N)-methanocarba series (e.g., 3,4-difluoro full agonist MRS5698 31, K(i) 3 nM, human and mouse A(3)) better than that for ribosides. Polyaromatic 2-ethynyl N(6)-3-chlorobenzyl analogues, such as potent linearly extended 2-p-biphenylethynyl MRS5679 34 (K(i) hA(3) 3.1 nM; A(1), A(2A), inactive) and fluorescent 1-pyrene adduct MRS5704 35 (K(i) hA(3) 68.3 nM), were conformationally rigid; receptor docking identified a large, mainly hydrophobic binding region. The vicinity of receptor-bound C2 groups was probed by homology modeling based on recent X-ray structure of an agonist-bound A(2A)AR, with a predicted helical rearrangement requiring an agonist-specific outward displacement of TM2 resembling opsin. Thus, the X-ray structure of related A(2A)AR is useful in guiding the design of new A(3)AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Francesca Deflorian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Khai Phan
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Tina C. Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - John A. Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Chen Z, Janes K, Chen C, Doyle T, Bryant L, Tosh DK, Jacobson KA, Salvemini D. Controlling murine and rat chronic pain through A3 adenosine receptor activation. FASEB J 2012; 26:1855-65. [PMID: 22345405 PMCID: PMC3336784 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical management of chronic neuropathic pain is limited by marginal effectiveness and unacceptable side effects of current drugs. We demonstrate A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3)AR) agonism as a new target-based therapeutic strategy. The development of mechanoallodynia in a well-characterized mouse model of neuropathic pain following chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve was rapidly and dose-dependently reversed by the A(3)AR agonists: IB-MECA, its 2-chlorinated analog (Cl-IB-MECA), and the structurally distinct MRS1898. These effects were naloxone insensitive and thus are not opioid receptor mediated. IB-MECA was ≥1.6-fold more efficacious than morphine and >5-fold more potent. In addition, IB-MECA was equally efficacious as gabapentin (Neurontin) or amitriptyline, but respectively >350- and >75-fold more potent. Besides its potent standalone ability to reverse established mechanoallodynia, IB-MECA significantly increased the antiallodynic effects of all 3 analgesics. Moreover, neuropathic pain development in rats caused by widely used chemotherapeutics in the taxane (paclitaxel), platinum-complex (oxaliplatin), and proteasome-inhibitor (bortezomib) classes was blocked by IB-MECA without antagonizing their antitumor effect. A(3)AR agonist effects were blocked with A(3)AR antagonist MRS1523, but not with A(1)AR (DPCPX) or A(2A)AR (SCH-442416) antagonists. Our findings provide the scientific rationale and pharmacological basis for therapeutic development of A(3)AR agonists for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Kali Janes
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Collin Chen
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Tim Doyle
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Leesa Bryant
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
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42
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Tosh DK, Phan K, Deflorian F, Wei Q, Yoo LS, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Click modification in the N6 region of A3 adenosine receptor-selective carbocyclic nucleosides for dendrimeric tethering that preserves pharmacophore recognition. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:232-47. [PMID: 22175234 PMCID: PMC3291892 DOI: 10.1021/bc200526c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine derivatives were modified with alkynyl groups on N(6) substituents for linkage to carriers using Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry. Two parallel series, both containing a rigid North-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring system in place of ribose, behaved as A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) agonists: (5'-methyluronamides) or partial agonists (4'-truncated). Terminal alkynyl groups on a chain at the 3 position of a N(6)-benzyl group or simply through a N(6)-propargyl group were coupled to azido derivatives, which included both small molecules and G4 (fourth-generation) multivalent poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, to form 1,2,3-triazolyl linkers. The small molecular triazoles probed the tolerance in A(3)AR binding of distal, sterically bulky groups such as 1-adamantyl. Terminal 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl groups anticipated nucleophilic substitution for chain extension and (18)F radiolabeling. N(6)-(4-Fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)-triazolylmethyl derivative 32 displayed a K(i) of 9.1 nM at A(3)AR with ∼1000-fold subtype selectivity. Multivalent conjugates additionally containing click-linked water-solubilizing polyethylene glycol groups potently activated A(3)AR in the 5'-methyluronamide, but not 4' truncated series. N(6)-Benzyl nucleoside conjugate 43 (apparent K(i) 24 nM) maintained binding affinity of the monomer better than a N(6)-triazolylmethyl derivative. Thus, the N(6) region of 5'-methyluronamide derivatives, as modeled in receptor docking, is suitable for functionalization and tethering by click chemistry to achieve high A(3)AR agonist affinity and enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Khai Phan
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Deflorian
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Lena S. Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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43
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Chanyshev B, Shainberg A, Isak A, Litinsky A, Chepurko Y, Tosh DK, Phan K, Gao ZG, Hochhauser E, Jacobson KA. Anti-ischemic effects of multivalent dendrimeric A₃ adenosine receptor agonists in cultured cardiomyocytes and in the isolated rat heart. Pharmacol Res 2011; 65:338-46. [PMID: 22154845 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine released during myocardial ischemia mediates cardioprotective preconditioning. Multivalent drugs covalently bound to nanocarriers may differ greatly in chemical and biological properties from the corresponding monomeric agents. Here, we conjugated chemically functionalized nucleosides to poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimeric polymers and investigated their effects in rat primary cardiac cell cultures and in the isolated heart. Three conjugates of A₃ adenosine receptor (AR) agonists, chain-functionalized at the C2 or N⁶ position, were cardioprotective, with greater potency than monomeric agonist Cl-IB-MECA. Multivalent amide-linked MRS5216 was selective for A₁ and A₃ARs, and triazole-linked MRS5246 and MRS5539 (optionally containing fluorescent label) were A₃AR-selective. The conjugates protected ischemic rat cardiomyocytes, an effect blocked by an A₃AR antagonist MRS1523, and isolated hearts with significantly improved infarct size, rate of pressure product, and rate of contraction and relaxation. Thus, strategically derivatized nucleosides tethered to biocompatible polymeric carriers display enhanced cardioprotective potency via activation of A₃AR on the cardiomyocyte surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Chanyshev
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Urso ML, Wang R, Zambraski EJ, Liang BT. Adenosine A3 receptor stimulation reduces muscle injury following physical trauma and is associated with alterations in the MMP/TIMP response. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:658-70. [PMID: 22114177 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00809.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that in response to traumatic injury in skeletal muscle, there is a dysregulation of the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), a response hypothesized to interfere with proper skeletal muscle regeneration. Moreover, we have shown that pharmacological activation of the adenosine A(3) receptor by Cl-IBMECA in skeletal muscle can protect against ischemia-reperfusion and eccentric exercise injury. However, the mechanism by which Cl-IBMECA protects muscle tissue is poorly defined. This study evaluated the effects of Cl-IBMECA on MMP/TIMP expression in skeletal muscle and tested the hypothesis that adenosine A(3) receptor-stimulated protection of skeletal muscle following traumatic injury is associated with a blunting of MMPs involved in inflammatory processes and collagen degradation, and an increase in MMPs associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Sixty C57BL/6J male mice were injected with Cl-IBMECA (n = 30) or a vehicle (n = 30), and Evans blue dye. Injury was induced by applying a cold steel probe (-79°C) to the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle for 10 s. TA muscles from uninjured and injured legs were collected 3, 10, and 24 h postinjury for analysis of muscle injury and MMP/TIMP mRNA and protein levels. Twenty-four hours postinjury, 56.8% of the fibers were damaged in vehicle-treated mice vs. 35.4% in Cl-IBMECA-treated mice (P = 0.02). Cl-IBMECA treatment reduced membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 mRNA expression 2- to 20-fold compared with vehicle-treated mice (P < 0.05). Cl-IBMECA decreased protein levels of latent/shed MT1-MMP 23-2,000%, respectively, 3-10 h postinjury. In Cl-IBMECA-treated mice, latent MMP-2 was decreased 20% 3 h postinjury, active MMP-3 was decreased 64% 3 h postinjury, and latent/active MMP-9 was decreased 417,631% 3 h postinjury and 20% 10 h postinjury. Protein levels of active MMP-2 and latent MMP-3 were increased 25% and 74% 3 h postinjury, respectively. The present study elucidates a new protective role of adenosine A(3) receptor stimulation in posttraumatic skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Urso
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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Vladic N, Ge ZD, Leucker T, Brzezinska AK, Du JH, Shi Y, Warltier DC, Pratt PF, Kersten JR. Decreased tetrahydrobiopterin and disrupted association of Hsp90 with eNOS by hyperglycemia impair myocardial ischemic preconditioning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H2130-9. [PMID: 21908789 PMCID: PMC3213977 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01078.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is impaired during hyperglycemia, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. This study investigated the role of hyperglycemia to adversely modulate tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) during cardioprotection by IPC. Rabbits or mice underwent 30 min of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion with or without IPC in the presence or absence of hyperglycemia. IPC significantly (P < 0.05) decreased myocardial infarct size (46 ± 1 to 19 ± 2% of the area at risk in control and IPC rabbits, respectively) and increased BH(4) concentrations (HPLC; 7.6 ± 0.2 to 10.2 ± 0.3 pmol/mg protein, respectively), Hsp90-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) association (coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting in mice; 4.0 ± 0.3 to 5.4 ± 0.1, respectively), and the ratio of phosphorylated eNOS/total eNOS. These beneficial actions of IPC on infarct size, BH(4), Hsp90/eNOS, and phosphorylated eNOS were eliminated by hyperglycemia. Pretreatment of animals with the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (0.6 mg/kg) or the BH(4) synthesis inhibitor diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (1.0 g/kg) also eliminated cardioprotection produced by IPC. In contrast, the BH(4) precursor sepiapterin (2 mg/kg iv) restored the beneficial effects of IPC on myocardial BH(4) concentrations, eNOS dimerization, and infarct size during hyperglycemia. A-23871 increased Hsp90-eNOS association (0.33 ± 0.06 to 0.59 ± 0.3) and nitric oxide production (184 ± 17%) in human coronary artery endothelial cells cultured in normal (5.5 mM) but not high (20 mM) glucose media. These data indicate that hyperglycemia eliminates protection by IPC via decreases in myocardial BH(4) concentration and disruption of the association of Hsp90 with eNOS. The results suggest that eNOS dysregulation may be a central mechanism of impaired cardioprotection during hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Vladic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Wan TC, Tosh DK, Du L, Gizewski ET, Jacobson KA, Auchampach JA. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer conjugate specifically activates the A3 adenosine receptor to improve post-ischemic/reperfusion function in isolated mouse hearts. BMC Pharmacol 2011; 11:11. [PMID: 22039965 PMCID: PMC3247180 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background When stimulated by small molecular agonists, the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) mediates cardioprotective effects without inducing detrimental hemodynamic side effects. We have examined pharmacologically the protective properties of a multivalent dendrimeric conjugate of a nucleoside as a selective multivalent agonist for the mouse A3AR. Results A PAMAM dendrimer fully substituted by click chemistry on its peripheral groups with 64 moieties of a nucleoside agonist was shown to be potent and selective in binding to the mouse A3AR and effective in cardioprotection in an isolated mouse heart model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This conjugate MRS5246 and a structurally related model compound MRS5233 displayed binding Ki values of 0.04 and 3.94 nM, respectively, and were potent in in vitro functional assays to inhibit cAMP production. A methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) ring system in place of ribose maintained a North conformation that is preferred at the A3AR. These analogues also contained a triazole linker along with 5'-N-methyl-carboxamido and 2-alkynyl substitution, previously shown to be associated with species-independent A3AR selectivity. Both MRS5233 and MRS5246 (1 and 10 nM) were effective at increasing functional recovery of isolated mouse hearts after 20 min ischemia followed by 45 min reperfusion. A statistically significant greater improvement in the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) by MRS5246 compared to MRS5233 occurred when the hearts were observed throughout reperfusion. Unliganded PAMAM dendrimer alone did not have any effect on functional recovery of isolated perfused mouse hearts. 10 nM MRS5246 did not improve functional recovery after I/R in hearts from A3AR gene "knock-out" (A3KO) mice compared to control, indicating the effects of MRS5246 were A3AR-specific. Conclusions Covalent conjugation to a versatile drug carrier enhanced the functional potency and selectivity at the mouse A3AR and maintained the cardioprotective properties. Thus, this large molecular weight conjugate is not prevented from extravasation through the coronary microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Gessi S, Merighi S, Fazzi D, Stefanelli A, Varani K, Borea PA. Adenosine receptor targeting in health and disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:1591-609. [PMID: 22017198 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.627853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adenosine receptors A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3) are important and ubiquitous mediators of cellular signaling that play vital roles in protecting tissues and organs from damage. In particular, adenosine triggers tissue protection and repair by different receptor-mediated mechanisms, including increasing the oxygen supply:demand ratio, pre-conditioning, anti-inflammatory effects and the stimulation of angiogenesis. AREAS COVERED The state of the art of the role of adenosine receptors which have been proposed as targets for drug design and discovery, in health and disease, and an overview of the ligands for these receptors in clinical development. EXPERT OPINION Selective ligands of A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3) adenosine receptors are likely to find applications in the treatment of pain, ischemic conditions, glaucoma, asthma, arthritis, cancer and other disorders in which inflammation is a feature. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the present knowledge regarding the role of these adenosine receptors in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gessi
- University of Ferrara, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Section, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Du L, Gao ZG, Nithipatikom K, Ijzerman AP, Veldhoven JPDV, Jacobson KA, Gross GJ, Auchampach JA. Protection from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by a positive allosteric modulator of the A₃ adenosine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:210-7. [PMID: 22011434 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.187559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is increased in ischemic tissues where it serves a protective role by activating adenosine receptors (ARs), including the A₃ AR subtype. We investigated the effect of N-{2-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]quinolin-4-yl}cyclohexanecarboxamide (LUF6096), a positive allosteric modulator of the A₃ AR, on infarct size in a barbital-anesthetized dog model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dogs were subjected to 60 min of coronary artery occlusion and 3 h of reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed by macrohistochemical staining. Three experimental groups were included in the study. Groups I and II received two doses of vehicle or LUF6096 (0.5 mg/kg i.v. bolus), one administered before ischemia and the other immediately before reperfusion. Group III received a single dose of LUF6096 (1 mg/kg i.v. bolus) immediately before reperfusion. In preliminary in vitro studies, LUF6096 was found to exert potent enhancing activity (EC₅₀ 114.3 ± 15.9 nM) with the canine A₃ AR in a guanosine 5'-[γ-[³⁵S]thio]triphosphate binding assay. LUF6096 increased the maximal efficacy of the partial A₃ AR agonist 2-chloro-N⁶-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide and the native agonist adenosine more than 2-fold while producing a slight decrease in potency. In the dog studies, administration of LUF6096 had no effect on any hemodynamic parameter measured. Pretreatment with LUF6096 before coronary occlusion and during reperfusion in group II dogs produced a marked reduction in infarct size (∼50% reduction) compared with group I vehicle-treated dogs. An equivalent reduction in infarct size was observed when LUF6096 was administered immediately before reperfusion in group III dogs. This is the first study to demonstrate efficacy of an A₃ AR allosteric enhancer in an in vivo model of infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Pharmacology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Choi IY, Lee JC, Ju C, Hwang S, Cho GS, Lee HW, Choi WJ, Jeong LS, Kim WK. A3 adenosine receptor agonist reduces brain ischemic injury and inhibits inflammatory cell migration in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:2042-52. [PMID: 21854743 PMCID: PMC3181366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is recognized as a novel therapeutic target for ischemic injury; however, the mechanism underlying anti-ischemic protection by the A3AR agonist remains unclear. Here, we report that 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarbamoyl-4'-thioadenosine (LJ529), a selective A3AR agonist, reduces inflammatory responses that may contribute to ischemic cerebral injury. Postischemic treatment with LJ529 markedly reduced cerebral ischemic injury caused by 1.5-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 24-hour reperfusion in rats. This effect was abolished by the simultaneous administration of the A3AR antagonist MRS1523, but not the A2AAR antagonist SCH58261. LJ529 prevented the infiltration/migration of microglia and monocytes occurring after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, and also after injection of lipopolysaccharides into the corpus callosum. The reduced migration of microglia by LJ529 could be related with direct inhibition of chemotaxis and down-regulation of spatiotemporal expression of Rho GTPases (including Rac, Cdc42, and Rho), rather than by biologically relevant inhibition of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release (eg, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1) or by direct inhibition of excitotoxicity/oxidative stress (not affected by LJ529). The present findings indicate that postischemic activation of A3AR and the resultant reduction of inflammatory response should provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Hwang
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Woo Lee
- Department of Bioinspired Science and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Department of Bioinspired Science and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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COHEN S, STEMMER S, ZOZULYA G, OCHAION A, PATOKA R, BARER F, BAR-YEHUDA S, RATH-WOLFSON L, JACOBSON K, FISHMAN P. CF102 an A3 adenosine receptor agonist mediates anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects in the liver. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2438-47. [PMID: 21660967 PMCID: PMC3474360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Gi protein-associated A(3) adenosine receptor (A(3) AR) is a member of the adenosine receptor family. Selective agonists at the A(3) AR, such as CF101 and CF102 were found to induce anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. In this study, we examined the differential effect of CF102 in pathological conditions of the liver. The anti-inflammatory protective effect of CF101 was tested in a model of liver inflammation induced by Concanavalin A (Con. A) and the anti-cancer effect of CF102 was examined in vitro and in a xenograft animal model utilizing Hep-3B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The mechanism of action was explored by following the expression levels of key signaling proteins in the inflamed and tumor liver tissues, utilizing Western blot (WB) analysis. In the liver inflammation model, CF102 (100 µg/kg) markedly reduced the secretion of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase in comparison to the vehicle-treated group. Mechanistically, CF102 treatment decreased the expression level of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β, NF-κB, and TNF-α and prevented apoptosis in the liver. This was demonstrated by decreased expression levels of Fas receptor (FasR) and of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad in liver tissues. In addition, CF102-induced apoptosis of Hep-3B cells both in vitro and in vivo via de-regulation of the PI3K-NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Taken together, CF102 acts as a protective agent in liver inflammation and inhibits HCC tumor growth. These results suggest that CF102 through its differential effect is a potential drug candidate to treat various pathological liver conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. COHEN
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - S.M. STEMMER
- Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Institute of Oncology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - G. ZOZULYA
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - A. OCHAION
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - R. PATOKA
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - F. BARER
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - S. BAR-YEHUDA
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - L. RATH-WOLFSON
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Petach-Tikva, Israel
| | - K.A. JACOBSON
- National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - P. FISHMAN
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Kiryat-Matalon, Petach-Tikva, Israel
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