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Mielnik CA, Li CK, Ramsey AJ, Salahpour A, Burnham WM, Ross RA. Cannabidiol, but Not Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Has Strain- and Genotype-Specific Effects in Models of Psychosis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:174-187. [PMID: 36251462 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis use has been associated with an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders, yet the underlying neurobiological processes mediating these associations are poorly understood. Whereas exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has been associated with the development or exacerbation of psychosis, treatment with cannabidiol (CBD) has been associated with amelioration of psychosis. In this study, we demonstrate a complex effect of CBD in mouse models of psychosis, based on factors, including dose, strain, and genotype. Methods: Adult GluN1 knockdown (GluN1KD) and dopamine transporter knockout (DATKO) mice (almost equally balanced for male/female) were acutely treated with vehicle, THC (4 mg/kg), CBD (60, 120 mg/kg), or THC:CBD (1:15, 4:60 mg/kg) and tested in behavioral assays. Results: GluN1KD and DATKO mice displayed hyperactivity, impaired habituation, and sensorimotor gating, along with increased stereotypy and vertical activity. THC, alone and in combination with CBD, produced a robust "dampening" effect on the exploratory behavior regardless of strain or genotype. CBD exhibited a more complex profile. At 60 mg/kg, CBD had minimal effects on horizontal activity, but the effects varied in terms of directionality (increase vs. decrease) in other parameters; effects on stereotypic behaviors differ by genotype, while effects on vertical exploration differ by strain×genotype. CBD at 120 mg/kg had a "dampening" effect on exploration overall, except in GluN1KD mice, where no effect was observed. In terms of sensorimotor gating, both THC and CBD had minimal effects, except for 120 mg/kg CBD, which exacerbated the acoustic startle response. Conclusions: Here, we present a study that highlights the complex mechanism of phytocannabinoids, particularly CBD, in models of psychosis-like behavior. These data require careful interpretation, as agonism of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) resulting in a decrease in locomotion can be misinterpreted as "antipsychotic-like" activity in murine behavioral outputs of psychosis. Importantly, the THC-mediated decrease in hyperexploratory behavior observed in our models (alone or in combination) was not specific to the genetic mutants, but rather was observed regardless of strain or genotype. Furthermore, CBD treatment, when comparing mutants with their wild-type littermate controls, showed little to no "antipsychotic-like" activity in our models. Therefore, it is not only important to consider dose when designing/interpreting therapeutically driven phytocannabinoid studies, but also effects of strain or genetic vulnerability respective to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine A Mielnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chun Kit Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ruth A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Al-Nema M, Gaurav A, Lee MT, Okechukwu P, Nimmanpipug P, Lee VS. Evaluation of the acute oral toxicity and antipsychotic activity of a dual inhibitor of PDE1B and PDE10A in rat model of schizophrenia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278216. [PMID: 36454774 PMCID: PMC9714703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 1B (PDE1B) and PDE10A are dual-specificity PDEs that hydrolyse both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and are highly expressed in the striatum. Several reports have suggested that PDE10A inhibitors may present a promising approach for the treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas PDE1B inhibitors may present a novel mechanism to modulate cognitive deficits. Previously, we have reported a novel dual inhibitor of PDE1B and PDE10A, compound 2 [(3-fluorophenyl)(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)methanone] which has shown inhibitory activity for human recombinant PDE1B and PDE10A in vitro. In the present study, the safety profile of compound 2 has been evaluated in rats in the acute oral toxicity study, as well as; the antipsychotic-like effects in the rat model of schizophrenia. Compound 2 was tolerated up to 1 g/kg when administered at a single oral dose. Additionally, compound 2 has strongly suppressed ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, which presented a model for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It has also shown an ability to attenuate social isolation induced by chronic administration of ketamine and enhanced recognition memory of rats in the novel object recognition test. Altogether, our results suggest that compound 2 represents a promising therapy for the treatment of the three symptomatic domains of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasah Al-Nema
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Gaurav
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (AG); (VSL)
| | - Ming Tatt Lee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Office of Postgraduate Studies, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Patrick Okechukwu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Piyarat Nimmanpipug
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Analytical Science and Technology for Biodiversity-based Economic and Society (I-ANALY-S-T), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (AG); (VSL)
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Huang W, Gu X, Wang Y, Bi Y, Yang Y, Wan G, Chen N, Li K. Effects of the co-administration of MK-801 and clozapine on MiRNA expression profiles in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:758-772. [PMID: 33656787 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that can silence the expression of various target genes by binding their mRNAs and thus regulate a wide range of crucial bodily functions. However, the miRNA expression profile of schizophrenia after antipsychotic mediation is largely unknown. Non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as MK-801 have provided useful animal models to investigate the effects of schizophrenia-like symptoms in rodent animals. Herein, the hippocampal miRNA expression profiles of Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with MK-801 were examined after antipsychotic clozapine (CLO) treatment. Total hippocampal RNAs from three groups were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS), and bioinformatics analyses, including differential expression and enrichment analyses, were performed. Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed between the MK-801 and vehicle (VEH) control groups. Interestingly, 14 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between the CLO + MK-801 and MK-801 groups, among which rno-miR-184 was the most upregulated. Further analyses suggested that these miRNAs modulate target genes that are involved in endocytosis regulation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and actin cytoskeleton regulation and thus might play important roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our results suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs play important roles in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia and subsequently impact brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Bi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo alto, CA, USA
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Nianhong Chen
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keshen Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Veragten A, Contri RV, Betti AH, Herzfeldt V, Frank LA, Pohlmann AR, Rates SMK, Guterres SS. Chitosan-coated nanocapsules ameliorates the effect of olanzapine in prepulse inhibition of startle response (PPI) in rats following oral administration. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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PT-31, a putative α2-adrenoceptor agonist, is effective in schizophrenia cognitive symptoms in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 30:574-587. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chang SW, Du YE, Qi Y, Lee JS, Goo N, Koo BK, Bae HJ, Ryu JH, Jang DS. New Depsides and Neuroactive Phenolic Glucosides from the Flower Buds of Rugosa Rose ( Rosa rugosa). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7289-7296. [PMID: 31244195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The flower buds of Rosa rugosa Thunb. have been commonly used as a source of rose oil and as an ingredient in tea in eastern Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Repeated chromatography of a hot water extract from the flower buds of R. rugosa led to the isolation and characterization of three new depside glucosides, rosarugosides A-C (1-3), along with three phenolic compounds, one ionone glucoside, four flavonoids, and two tannins having known chemical structures. Linarionoside A and 2-phenylethyl-(6- O-galloyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from R. rugosa for the first time in this study. The structures of the new compounds 1-3 were elucidated by interpreting one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Among the isolates, a new depside glucoside (1) and two major phenolic glucosides (4 and 5) improved MK-801-induced sensorimotor gating deficits, which were measured via an acoustic startle response test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Woo Chang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Du
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yutong Qi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Goo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 02447 , Republic of Korea
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Li J, Yang S, Liu X, Han Y, Li Y, Feng J, Zhao H. Hypoactivity of the lateral habenula contributes to negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia in rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:165-173. [PMID: 31082390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DAergic) hypofunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and is regulated by serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The lateral habenula (LHb) is a key element in controlling DRN 5-HT neurons. We investigated how the LHb impacts the activity of mPFC neurons and whether it mediates the involvement of DRN on development of symptoms in a pharmacological animal model of schizophrenia. We used immunohisochemistry to assess cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) activity of the LHb in MK-801 model rats and extracellular firing recording to compare firing rates in LHb neurons of acute MK-801-treated rats. The sucrose preference, social interaction, and radial arm maze tests were used to access schizophrenia-like behavior in rats with electrolytically lesioned LHb. Finally, we examined levels of the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the mPFC, and tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) in the DRN of rats with LHb lesions to determine the possible mechanism underlying the schizophrenia-like behavior associated with lesioned LHb. We found that COX levels and LHb neuron firing rates decreased significantly in MK-801-treated animals. The LHb lesions induced negative and cognitive, but not positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The D1R and TH levels decreased in the mPFC while TPH2 expression elevated in the DRN and mPFC of LHb-lesioned rats. These results suggest that LHb hypoactivity may contribute to the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia by downregulating D1R expression in the mPFC, which might be mediated by DRN 5-HT neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Shaojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yuliang Han
- The department of neurology, second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Neuroscience Research Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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8
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Krug JT, Klein AK, Purvis EM, Ayala K, Mayes MS, Collins L, Fisher MP, Ettenberg A. Effects of chronic lithium exposure in a modified rodent ketamine-induced hyperactivity model of mania. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 179:150-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Olaya JC, Heusner CL, Matsumoto M, Shannon Weickert C, Karl T. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviours of female mice overexpressing neuregulin 1 type III. Behav Brain Res 2018; 353:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Kumbol VWA, Abotsi WKM, Ekuadzi E, Woode E. Albizia zygia root extract exhibits antipsychotic-like properties in murine models of schizophrenia. Pharmacotherapy 2018; 106:831-841. [PMID: 30119253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root extract of Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae) is used to manage mental disorders in African traditional medicine. However, its value, particularly, against negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia have not been evaluated. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the antipsychotic properties of the hydroethanolic root extract of Albizia zygia (AZE) against positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of AZE (30-300 mg kg-1) were evaluated against apomorphine-induced cage climbing as well as ketamine -induced hyperlocomotion, -enhanced immobility, -impaired social interaction and novel object recognition. The propensity of AZE to induce catalepsy and to attenuate haloperidol-induced catalepsy were also investigated. RESULTS AZE 30-300 mg kg-1 significantly reduced apomorphine-induced climbing behaviour as well as ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, immobility and object recognition deficits (at least P < 0.05). Moreover, the extract showed no cataleptic effect but significantly inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy at a dose of 30 mg kg-1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The root extract of Albizia zygia exhibited an antipsychotic-like activity in mice with potential to alleviate positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Wumbor-Apin Kumbol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Edmund Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Quercetin Reduces Cortical GABAergic Transmission and Alleviates MK-801-Induced Hyperactivity. EBioMedicine 2018; 34:201-213. [PMID: 30057312 PMCID: PMC6116474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition represents a core feature in multiple neuropsychiatry disorders, necessitating the development of novel strategies to calibrate the excitatory–inhibitory balance of therapeutics. Here we identify a natural compound quercetin that reduces prefrontal cortical GABAergic transmission and alleviates the hyperactivity induced by glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. Quercetin markedly reduced the GABA-activated currents in a noncompetitive manner in cultured cortical neurons, and moderately inhibited spontaneous and electrically-evoked GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic current in mouse prefrontal cortical slices. Notably, systemic and prefrontal-specific delivery of quercetin reduced basal locomotor activity in addition to alleviated the MK-801-induced hyperactivity. The effects of quercetin were not exclusively dependent on α5-subunit-containing A type GABA receptors (GABAARs), as viral-mediated, region-specific genetic knockdown of the α5-subunit in prefrontal cortex improved the MK-801-evoked psychotic symptom but reserved the pharmacological responsivity to quercetin. Both interventions together completely normalized the locomotor activity. Together, quercetin as a negative allosteric GABAAR modulator exerted antipsychotic activity, facilitating further therapeutic development for the excitatory–inhibitory imbalance disorders.
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Ben-Azu B, Aderibigbe AO, Omogbiya IA, Ajayi AM, Owoeye O, Olonode ET, Iwalewa EO. Probable mechanisms involved in the antipsychotic-like activity of morin in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:1079-1090. [PMID: 30021344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence derived from preliminary studies suggests that morin, a neuroactive flavonoid with proven antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties possess antipsychotic-like activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the probable mechanisms involve in the antipsychotic-like activity of morin in ketamine model of schizophrenia. The effects of morin, haloperidol and risperidone on neurobehavioral and anti-schizophrenia-like effects were evaluated in mice (n = 7) following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of morin (25-100 mg/kg), haloperidol (1 mg/kg) and risperidone (0.5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 days. Neurobehavioral and schizophrenia-like activities consisting of open-field (positive symptoms), Y-maze, novel-object recognition (cognitive symptoms), social interaction (negative symptoms) tests were assessed. Also, wood-block catalepsy and rota-rod tests were employed to evaluate extrapyramidal side effects of morin. Thereafter, brain levels of biomarkers of oxidative, nitrergic and acetylcholinesterase alterations as well as histomorphological changes in the striatum and prefrontal-cortex were determined. Administration of morin and risperidone alone but not haloperidol significantly (p > 0.05) prevented ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, social withdrawal and cognitive impairments relative to controls, and were devoid of extrapyramidal side effects. Morin alone or in combination with ketamine significantly increased glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with saline- or ketamine-treated mice. Moreover, morin alone or in combination with ketamine also significantly decreased malondialdehyde, nitrite and acetylcholinesterase alterations in mice brains. Furthermore, morin prevented ketamine-induced brain neuronal alterations in the striatum and prefrontal-cortex. Together, our findings suggest that morin may demonstrate antipsychotic-like therapeutic effect via modulation of oxidative/nitrergic, cholinergic actions and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Adegbuyi Oladele Aderibigbe
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Itivere Adrian Omogbiya
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Mayowa Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Neurotrauma & Neuroregeneration Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Olonode
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel O Iwalewa
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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The central serotonin2B receptor as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of dopamine-related neuropsychiatric disorders: Rationale and current status of research. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 181:143-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Blockade of platelet-activating factor receptor attenuates abnormal behaviors induced by phencyclidine in mice through down-regulation of NF-κB. Brain Res Bull 2017; 137:71-78. [PMID: 29122692 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is one of the important etiologic factors of abusive and neuropsychiatric disorders. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is potent proinflammatory lipid mediat1or and plays a pivotal role in neuroinflammatory disorders through the specific PAF receptor (PAF-R). Phencyclidine (PCP) induces a psychotomimetic state that closely resembles schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the role of PAF-R in the abnormal behaviors induced by PCP in mice. Repeated treatment with PCP resulted in a significant increase in PAF-R gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and in the hippocampus. This increase was more pronounced in the PFC than hippocampus. Treatment with PCP resulted in a significant increase in nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) p65 and DNA binding activity, indicating that the proinflammatory molecule NF-κB was increased through up-regulation of PAF-R. Consistently, NF-κB activation was significantly protected by the PAF-R antagonist, ginkgolide B (Gink B), in PAF-R knockout mice and by the NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). In addition, PCP-induced abnormal behaviors (i.e., reduced sociability, depression, cognitive impairment, and behavioral sensitization) were significantly attenuated by Gink B, in PAF-R knockout mice, and by PDTC. Importantly, PDTC did not significantly alter the attenuations observed in Gink B-treated mice or PAF-R knockout mice, indicating that NF-κB is a critical target for neuropsychotoxic modulation of PAF-R. Therefore, the results suggest that PAF-R mediates PCP-induced neuropsychotoxicity via a NF-κB-dependent mechanism, and that up-regulation of PAF-R may be associated with schizophrenia-like behavior in animal models.
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Jeon SJ, Kim E, Lee JS, Oh HK, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Jang DS, Ryu JH. Maslinic acid ameliorates NMDA receptor blockade-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:168-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Afshari P, Yao WD, Middleton FA. Reduced Slc1a1 expression is associated with neuroinflammation and impaired sensorimotor gating and cognitive performance in mice: Implications for schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183854. [PMID: 28886095 PMCID: PMC5590851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a 84-Kb hemi-deletion copy number variant at the SLC1A1 gene locus that reduces its expression and appeared causally linked to schizophrenia. In this report, we characterize the in vivo and in vitro consequences of reduced expression of Slc1a1 in mice. Heterozygous (HET) Slc1a1+/- mice, which more closely model the hemi-deletion we found in human subjects, were examined in a series of behavioral, anatomical and biochemical assays. Knockout (KO) mice were also included in the behavioral studies for comparative purposes. Both HET and KO mice exhibited evidence of increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired working memory, decreased exploratory activity and impaired sensorimotor gating, but no changes in overall locomotor activity. The magnitude of changes was approximately equivalent in the HET and KO mice suggesting a dominant effect of the haploinsufficiency. Behavioral changes in the HET mice were accompanied by reduced thickness of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis detected expression changes of genes and pathways involved in cytokine signaling and synaptic functions in both brain and blood. Moreover, the brains of Slc1a1+/- mice displayed elevated levels of oxidized glutathione, a trend for increased oxidative DNA damage, and significantly increased levels of cytokines. This latter finding was further supported by SLC1A1 knockdown and overexpression studies in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells, which led to decreased or increased cytokine expression, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that partial loss of the Slc1a1 gene in mice causes haploinsufficiency associated with behavioral, histological and biochemical changes that reflect an altered redox state and may promote the expression of behavioral features and inflammatory states consistent with those observed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Afshari
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY United States of America.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
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Neves G, Borsoi M, Antonio CB, Pranke MA, Betti AH, Rates SMK. Is Forced Swimming Immobility a Good Endpoint for Modeling Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia? - Study of Sub-Anesthetic Ketamine Repeated Administration Effects. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1655-1669. [PMID: 28832723 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobility time in the forced swimming has been described as analogous to emotional blunting or apathy and has been used for characterizing schizophrenia animal models. Several clinical studies support the use of NMDA receptor antagonists to model schizophrenia in rodents. Some works describe the effects of ketamine on immobility behavior but there is variability in the experimental design used leading to controversial results. In this study, we evaluated the effects of repeated administration of ketamine sub-anesthetic doses in forced swimming, locomotion in response to novelty and novel object recognition, aiming a broader evaluation of the usefulness of this experimental approach for modeling schizophrenia in mice. Ketamine (30 mg/kg/day i.p. for 14 days) induced a not persistent decrease in immobility time, detected 24h but not 72h after treatment. This same administration protocol induced a deficit in novel object recognition. No change was observed in mice locomotion. Our results confirm that repeated administration of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine is useful in modeling schizophrenia-related behavioral changes in mice. However, the immobility time during forced swimming does not seem to be a good endpoint to evaluate the modeling of negative symptoms in NMDAR antagonist animal models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Neves
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Borsoi
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila B Antonio
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Pranke
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andresa H Betti
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stela M K Rates
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia Experimental, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Devroye C, Haddjeri N, Cathala A, Rovera R, Drago F, Piazza PV, Artigas F, Spampinato U. Opposite control of mesocortical and mesoaccumbal dopamine pathways by serotonin 2B receptor blockade: Involvement of medial prefrontal cortex serotonin 1A receptors. Neuropharmacology 2017; 119:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Moe AAK, Medely GA, Reeks T, Burne THJ, Eyles DW. Short- and long-term effects of risperidone on catalepsy sensitisation and acquisition of conditioned avoidance response: Adolescent vs adult rats. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:1-13. [PMID: 28414178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) on the adolescent brain are poorly understood despite a dramatic increase in prescription of these drugs in adolescents over the past twenty years. Neuronal systems continue to be remodeled during adolescence. Therefore, when given in adolescence, antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have the potential to affect this remodeling. In this study we investigated the effects of chronic 22-day risperidone treatment (1.3mg/kg/day) in both adolescent and adult rats. We examined short- and long-term changes in behaviour (catalepsy, locomotion and conditioned avoidance response (CAR)), and dopaminergic and serotonergic neurochemistry in the striatum and the nucleus accumbens. Here, we report that, both during chronic treatment and after a lengthy drug-free interval, risperidone induced a sensitised cataleptic response regardless of the age of exposure. Selectively in adolescents, risperidone-induced catalepsy was inversely correlated with striatal dopamine turnover immediately after chronic treatment. After a drug-free interval, a significant proportion of rats with prior adolescent risperidone treatment also failed to acquire CAR to a defined criterion. Our data provide evidence that the same chronic risperidone treatment regimen can induce contrasting short- and long-term neural outcomes in the adolescent and adult brains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory A Medely
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Reeks
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas H J Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Australia.
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20
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Lins BR, Marks WN, Phillips AG, Howland JG. Dissociable effects of the d- and l- enantiomers of govadine on the disruption of prepulse inhibition by MK-801 and apomorphine in male Long-Evans rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1079-1091. [PMID: 28180960 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The search for novel antipsychotic drugs to treat schizophrenia is driven by the poor treatment efficacy, serious side effects, and poor patient compliance of current medications. Recently, a class of compounds known as tetrahydroprotoberberines, which includes the compound d,l-govadine, have shown promise in preclinical rodent tests relevant to schizophrenia. To date, the effect of govadine on prepulse inhibition (PPI), a test for sensorimotor gating commonly used to assess the effects of putative treatments for schizophrenia, has not been determined. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of each enantiomer of govadine (d- and l-govadine) on PPI alone and its disruption by the distinct pharmacological compounds apomorphine and MK-801. METHODS Male Long-Evans rats were treated systemically with d- or l-govadine and apomorphine or MK-801 prior to PPI. The PPI paradigm employed here included parametric manipulations of the prepulse intensity and the interval between the prepulse and pulse. RESULTS Acute MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg) significantly increased the startle response to startle pulses alone, while both MK-801 and apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg) significantly increased reactivity to prepulse-alone trials. Both MK-801 and apomorphine disrupted PPI. In addition, d-govadine alone significantly disrupted PPI in the apomorphine experiment. Pretreatment with l-, but not d-, govadine (1.0 mg/kg) blocked the effect of apomorphine and MK-801 on PPI. Treatment of rats with l-govadine alone (0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) also dose-dependently increased PPI. CONCLUSIONS Given the high affinity of l-govadine for dopamine D2 receptors, these results suggest that further testing of l-govadine as an antipsychotic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney R Lins
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, GD30.7, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Wendie N Marks
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, GD30.7, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Anthony G Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, GD30.7, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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21
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Blessing WW, Blessing EM, Mohammed M, Ootsuka Y. Clozapine, chlorpromazine and risperidone dose-dependently reduce emotional hyperthermia, a biological marker of salience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:3259-3269. [PMID: 28812124 PMCID: PMC5660844 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We recently introduced a new rat model of emotional hyperthermia in which a salient stimulus activates brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and tail artery constriction. Antipsychotic drugs, both classical and second generation, act to reduce excessive assignment of salience to objects and events in the external environment. The close association between salient occurrences and increases in body temperature suggests that antipsychotic drugs may also reduce emotional hyperthermia. OBJECTIVES We determined whether chlorpromazine, clozapine, and risperidone dose dependently reduce emotionally elicited increases in BAT thermogenesis, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and body temperature in rats. METHODS Rats, chronically instrumented for measurement of BAT and body temperature and tail artery blood flow, singly housed, were confronted with an intruder rat (confined within a small wire-mesh cage) after systemic pre-treatment of the resident rat with vehicle or antipsychotic agent. BAT and body temperatures, tail blood flow, and behavioral activity were continuously measured. RESULTS Clozapine (30 μg-2 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (0.1-5 mg/kg), and risperidone (6.25 μg-1 mg/kg) robustly and dose-relatedly reduced intruder-elicited BAT thermogenesis and tail artery vasoconstriction, with consequent dose-related reduction in emotional hyperthermia. CONCLUSIONS Chlorpromazine, a first-generation antipsychotic, as well as clozapine and risperidone, second-generation agents, dose-dependently reduce emotional hyperthermia. Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist properties of chlorpromazine do not contribute to thermoregulatory effects. Interactions with monoamine receptors are important, and these monoamine receptor interactions may also contribute to the therapeutic effects of all three antipsychotics. Thermoregulatory actions of putative antipsychotic agents may constitute a biological marker of their therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Blessing
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Esther M Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mazher Mohammed
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Youichirou Ootsuka
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Tao C, Yan W, Li Y, Lu X. Effect of antidepressants on spatial memory deficit induced by dizocilpine. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:266-72. [PMID: 27512913 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core symptom of schizophrenia. It is controversial whether antidepressants could improve cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. The present study was designed to identify the therapeutic effect of antidepressants on cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. In the present study, adolescent rats were repeatedly exposed to dizocilpine, which can induce cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. Then these rats were treated by six antidepressants (fluvoxamine, sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, venlafaxine, mirtazapine) or vehicle. The rats in the control group were exposed to vehicle during the study. Lastly, all rats' spatial memory (a major part of cognition) was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, and the density of hippocampal parvalbumin (PV) interneurons was evaluated to explore possible mechanisms underlying spatial memory change in schizophrenia. The results of the present study supported the hypothesis of a therapeutic effect of fluvoxamine and escitalopram on spatial memory deficit induced by dizocilpine. Additionally, the data of the present study suggested that fluvoxamine and escitalopram remitted hippocampal PV interneuron reduction induced by dizocilpine. The neuroprotective effect of fluvoxamine and escitalopram may partly explain the therapeutic effect of antidepressants on spatial memory deficit in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
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LASSBio-1422: a new molecular scaffold with efficacy in animal models of schizophrenia and disorders of attention and cognition. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 28:48-62. [PMID: 27755061 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to identify new antipsychotic lead-compounds, our group has been working on the design and synthesis of new N-phenylpiperazine derivatives. Here, we characterized LASSBio-1422 as a pharmacological prototype of this chemical series. Adult male Wistar rats and CF1 mice were used for in-vitro and in-vivo assays, respectively. LASSBio-1422 [1 and 5 mg/kg, postoperatively (p.o.)] inhibited apomorphine-induced climbing as well as ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion (1 and 5 mg/kg, p.o.), animal models predictive of efficacy on positive symptoms. Furthermore, LASSBio-1422 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the prepulse impairment induced by apomorphine, (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, and ketamine, as well as the memory impairment induced by ketamine in the novel object-recognition task at the acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval phases of memory formation. Potential extrapyramidal side-effects and sedation were assessed by catatonia, rota-rod, locomotion, and barbiturate sleeping time, and LASSBio-1422 (15 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect any of the parameters observed. Binding assays showed that LASSBio-1422 has a binding profile different from the known atypical antipsychotic drugs: it does not bind to AMPA, kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, glicine, and mGluR2 receptors and has low or negligible affinity for D1, D2, and 5-HT2A/C receptors, but high affinity for D4 receptors (Ki=0.076 µmol/l) and, to a lesser extent, for 5-HT1A receptors (Ki=0.493 µmol/l). The antagonist action of LASSBio-1422 at D4 receptors was assessed through the classical GTP-shift assay. In conclusion, LASSBio-1422 is effective in rodent models of positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and its ability to bind to D4 and 5-HT1A receptors may at least in part explain its effects in these animal models.
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Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are extensively prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia and other related psychiatric disorders. These drugs produced their action by blocking dopamine (DA) receptors, and these receptors are widely present throughout the brain. Therefore, extended antipsychotic use also leads to severe extrapyramidal side effects. The short-term effects include parkinsonism and the later appearing tardive dyskinesia. Currently available treatments for these disorders are mostly symptomatic and insufficient, and are often linked with a number of detrimental side effects. Antipsychotic-drug-induced tardive dyskinesia prompted researchers to explore novel drugs with fewer undesirable extrapyramidal side effects. Preclinical studies suggest a role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-1A and 2A/2C receptors in the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and motivating a search for better therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia and related disorders. In addition, adjunctive treatment with antioxidants such as vitamin E, red rice bran oil, and curcumin in the early phases of illness may prevent additional oxidative injury, and thus improve and prevent further possible worsening of related neurological and behavioral deficits in schizophrenia. This review explains the role of serotonergic receptors and oxidative stress, with the aim of providing principles for prospect development of compounds to improve therapeutic effects of antischizophrenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Shireen
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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25
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Moe AAK, Scott JG, Burne TH, Eyles DW. Neural changes induced by antipsychotic administration in adolescence: A review of studies in laboratory rodents. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:771-94. [PMID: 27413140 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116654776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by major remodelling processes in the brain. Use of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in adolescents has increased dramatically in the last 20 years; however, our understanding of the neurobiological consequences of APD treatment on the adolescent brain has not kept the same pace and significant concerns have been raised. In this review, we examined currently available preclinical studies of the effects of APDs on the adolescent brain. In animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders, adolescent APD treatment appears to be protective against selected structural, behavioural and neurochemical phenotypes. In "neurodevelopmentally normal" adolescent animals, a range of short- and long-term alterations in behaviour and neurochemistry have been reported. In particular, the adolescent brain appears to be sensitive to long-term locomotor/reward effects of chronic atypical APDs in contrast with the outcomes in adults. Long-lasting changes in dopaminergic, glutamatergic and gamma-amino butyric acid-ergic systems induced by adolescent APD administration have been observed in the nucleus accumbens. A detailed examination of other potential target regions such as striatum, prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area is still required. Through identification of specific neural pathways targeted by adolescent APD treatment, future studies will expand the current knowledge on long-term neural outcomes which are of translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia Metro North Mental Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Hj Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
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26
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Bruni G, Rennekamp AJ, Velenich A, McCarroll M, Gendelev L, Fertsch E, Taylor J, Lakhani P, Lensen D, Evron T, Lorello PJ, Huang XP, Kolczewski S, Carey G, Caldarone BJ, Prinssen E, Roth BL, Keiser MJ, Peterson RT, Kokel D. Zebrafish behavioral profiling identifies multitarget antipsychotic-like compounds. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:559-66. [PMID: 27239787 PMCID: PMC4912417 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Many psychiatric drugs act on multiple targets and therefore require screening assays that encompass a wide target space. With sufficiently rich phenotyping and a large sampling of compounds, it should be possible to identify compounds with desired mechanisms of action on the basis of behavioral profiles alone. Although zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior has been used to rapidly identify neuroactive compounds, it is not clear what types of behavioral assays would be necessary to identify multitarget compounds such as antipsychotics. Here we developed a battery of behavioral assays in larval zebrafish to determine whether behavioral profiles can provide sufficient phenotypic resolution to identify and classify psychiatric drugs. Using the antipsychotic drug haloperidol as a test case, we found that behavioral profiles of haloperidol-treated zebrafish could be used to identify previously uncharacterized compounds with desired antipsychotic-like activities and multitarget mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Bruni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Teleos Therapeutics, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew J Rennekamp
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Matthew McCarroll
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leo Gendelev
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ethan Fertsch
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jack Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Parth Lakhani
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Tama Evron
- Teleos Therapeutics, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul J Lorello
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sabine Kolczewski
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Galen Carey
- Teleos Therapeutics, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- NeuroBehavior Laboratory, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Prinssen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Keiser
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Kokel
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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Schiavone S, Morgese MG, Mhillaj E, Bove M, De Giorgi A, Cantatore FP, Camerino C, Tucci P, Maffulli N, Cuomo V, Trabace L. Chronic Psychosocial Stress Impairs Bone Homeostasis: A Study in the Social Isolation Reared Rat. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:152. [PMID: 27375486 PMCID: PMC4896906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress is a key player in the onset and aggravation of mental diseases, including psychosis. Although a strong association between this psychiatric condition and other medical co-morbidities has been recently demonstrated, few data on the link between psychosis and bone homeostasis are actually available. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic psychosocial stress induced by 4 or 7 weeks of social isolation in drug-naïve male Wistar rats could alter bone homeostasis in terms of bone thickness, mineral density and content, as well as markers of bone formation and resorption (sclerostin, cathepsin K, and CTX-I). We found that bone mineral density was increased in rats exposed to 7 weeks of social isolation, while no differences were detected in bone mineral content and area. Moreover, 7 weeks of social isolation lead to increase of femur thickness with respect to controls, suggesting the development of a hyperostosis condition. Isolated rats showed no changes in sclerostin levels, a marker of bone formation, compared to grouped animals. Conversely, bone resorption markers were significantly altered after 7 weeks of social isolation in terms of decrease in cathepsin K and increase of CTX-I. No alterations were found after 4 weeks of isolation rearing. Our observations suggest that chronic psychosocial stress might affect bone homeostasis, more likely independently from drug treatment. Thus, the social isolation model might help to identify possible new therapeutic targets to treat the burden of chronic psychosocial stress and to attempt alternative therapy choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria G Morgese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bove
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo De Giorgi
- Dual Diagnosis Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale della Provincia di Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Camerino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of RomeRome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of BariBari, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of SalernoSalerno, Italy; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondon, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
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LASSBio-579, a prototype antipsychotic drug, and clozapine are effective in novel object recognition task, a recognition memory model. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:339-49. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Devroye C, Cathala A, Haddjeri N, Rovera R, Vallée M, Drago F, Piazza PV, Spampinato U. Differential control of dopamine ascending pathways by serotonin2B receptor antagonists: New opportunities for the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:59-68. [PMID: 27260325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the central serotonin2B receptor (5-HT2BR) could be an interesting pharmacological target for treating neuropsychiatric disorders related to dopamine (DA) dysfunction, such as schizophrenia. Thus, the present study was aimed at characterizing the role of 5-HT2BRs in the control of ascending DA pathway activity. Using neurochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral approaches, we assessed the effects of two selective 5-HT2BR antagonists, RS 127445 and LY 266097, on in vivo DA outflow in DA-innervated regions, on mesencephalic DA neuronal firing, as well as in behavioral tests predictive of antipsychotic efficacy and tolerability, such as phencyclidine (PCP)-induced deficit in novel object recognition (NOR) test, PCP-induced hyperlocomotion and catalepsy. Both RS 127445 (0.16 mg/kg, i.p.) and LY 266097 (0.63 mg/kg, i.p.) increased DA outflow in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). RS 127445, devoid of effect in the striatum, decreased DA outflow in the nucleus accumbens, and potentiated haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced increase in mPFC DA outflow. Also, RS 127445 decreased the firing rate of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area, but had no effect in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Finally, both RS 127445 and LY 266097 reversed PCP-induced deficit in NOR test, and reduced PCP-induced hyperlocomotion, without inducing catalepsy. These results demonstrate that 5-HT2BRs exert a differential control on DA pathway activity, and suggest that 5-HT2BR antagonists could represent a new class of drugs for improved treatment of schizophrenia, with an ideal profile of effects expected to alleviate cognitive and positive symptoms, without eliciting extrapyramidal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Devroye
- Inserm U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology of Addiction Group, Bordeaux, F-33000, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Adeline Cathala
- Inserm U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology of Addiction Group, Bordeaux, F-33000, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Inserm U1208, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, 69500, Bron, France; Université Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France.
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Inserm U1208, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, 69500, Bron, France; Université Lyon 1, 69373, Lyon, France.
| | - Monique Vallée
- Inserm U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology of Addiction Group, Bordeaux, F-33000, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy.
| | - Pier Vincenzo Piazza
- Inserm U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology of Addiction Group, Bordeaux, F-33000, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
| | - Umberto Spampinato
- Inserm U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology of Addiction Group, Bordeaux, F-33000, France; Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France.
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Farrell MS, McCorvy JD, Huang XP, Urban DJ, White KL, Giguere PM, Doak AK, Bernstein AI, Stout KA, Park SM, Rodriguiz RM, Gray BW, Hyatt WS, Norwood AP, Webster KA, Gannon BM, Miller GW, Porter JH, Shoichet BK, Fantegrossi WE, Wetsel WC, Roth BL. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of the Alkaloid Nuciferine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150602. [PMID: 26963248 PMCID: PMC4786259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) contains many phytochemicals and has a history of human use. To determine which compounds may be responsible for reported psychotropic effects, we used in silico predictions of the identified phytochemicals. Nuciferine, an alkaloid component of Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphaea caerulea, had a predicted molecular profile similar to antipsychotic compounds. Our study characterizes nuciferine using in vitro and in vivo pharmacological assays. Methods Nuciferine was first characterized in silico using the similarity ensemble approach, and was followed by further characterization and validation using the Psychoactive Drug Screening Program of the National Institute of Mental Health. Nuciferine was then tested in vivo in the head-twitch response, pre-pulse inhibition, hyperlocomotor activity, and drug discrimination paradigms. Results Nuciferine shares a receptor profile similar to aripiprazole-like antipsychotic drugs. Nuciferine was an antagonist at 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT2B, an inverse agonist at 5-HT7, a partial agonist at D2, D5 and 5-HT6, an agonist at 5-HT1A and D4 receptors, and inhibited the dopamine transporter. In rodent models relevant to antipsychotic drug action, nuciferine blocked head-twitch responses and discriminative stimulus effects of a 5-HT2A agonist, substituted for clozapine discriminative stimulus, enhanced amphetamine induced locomotor activity, inhibited phencyclidine (PCP)-induced locomotor activity, and rescued PCP-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition without induction of catalepsy. Conclusions The molecular profile of nuciferine was similar but not identical to that shared with several approved antipsychotic drugs suggesting that nuciferine has atypical antipsychotic-like actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martilias S. Farrell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Urban
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kate L. White
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Giguere
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison K. Doak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Alison I. Bernstein
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kristen A. Stout
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Su Mi Park
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurobiology, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurobiology, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bradley W. Gray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - William S. Hyatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Norwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Kevin A. Webster
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brenda M. Gannon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Joseph H. Porter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - William E. Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology, and Neurobiology, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Demeter K, Török B, Fodor A, Varga J, Ferenczi S, Kovács KJ, Eszik I, Szegedi V, Zelena D. Possible contribution of epigenetic changes in the development of schizophrenia-like behavior in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 300:123-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Park SM, Chen M, Schmerberg CM, Dulman RS, Rodriguiz RM, Caron MG, Jin J, Wetsel WC. Effects of β-Arrestin-Biased Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands on Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Hypoglutamatergic Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:704-15. [PMID: 26129680 PMCID: PMC4707817 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Current antipsychotic drugs (APDs) show efficacy with positive symptoms, but are limited in treating negative or cognitive features of schizophrenia. Whereas all currently FDA-approved medications target primarily the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) to inhibit G(i/o)-mediated adenylyl cyclase, a recent study has shown that many APDs affect not only G(i/o)- but they can also influence β-arrestin- (βArr)-mediated signaling. The ability of ligands to differentially affect signaling through these pathways is termed functional selectivity. We have developed ligands that are devoid of D2R-mediated G(i/o) protein signaling, but are simultaneously partial agonists for D2R/βArr interactions. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of UNC9975 or UNC9994 on schizophrenia-like behaviors in phencyclidine-treated or NR1-knockdown hypoglutamatergic mice. We have found the UNC compounds reduce hyperlocomotion in the open field, restore PPI, improve novel object recognition memory, partially normalize social behavior, decrease conditioned avoidance responding, and elicit a much lower level of catalepsy than haloperidol. These preclinical results suggest that exploitation of functional selectivity may provide unique opportunities to develop drugs with fewer side effects, greater therapeutic selectivity, and enhanced efficacy for treating schizophrenia and related conditions than medications that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su M Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Claire M Schmerberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Russell S Dulman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marc G Caron
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Departments of Structural and Chemical Biology, Oncological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, PO Box 103203, Durham, NC 27705, USA, Tel: +1 919 684 4574, E-mail:
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Franke RT, Tarland E, Fink H, Pertz HH, Brosda J. 2-Bromoterguride-a potential atypical antipsychotic drug without metabolic effects in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:3041-50. [PMID: 27317020 PMCID: PMC4933731 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recently, we showed that 2-bromoterguride acted as a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, a serotonin 5-HT2A and α2C-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and exhibited antidopaminergic efficacy in amphetamine-induced locomotion (AIL) in rats without inducing catalepsy. OBJECTIVE To extend our knowledge on the antipsychotic effects of 2-bromoterguride, we used convergent preclinical animal models and tests; i.e., conditioned avoidance response (CAR), predictive of antipsychotic-like effects; Fos protein expression, a molecular marker for (atypical) antipsychotic activity; wet dog shake behavior, a test for the in vivo effects of drugs acting on central 5-HT2A receptors; and investigated metabolic changes as a common side effect of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs). RESULTS Acute treatment with 2-bromoterguride (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) decreased the CAR at 30, 90, and 270 min post-injection in rats without inducing escape failures at any time. Fos protein expression, as shown by Western blotting, was enhanced by 2-bromoterguride in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the dorsolateral striatum (dStr), and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). (±)-2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI)-induced wet dog shakes in rats were reduced by 2-bromoterguride. Chronic treatment with 2-bromoterguride did not affect metabolic parameters such as body weight development and body fat composition as well as behavioral parameters such as food intake and locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that 2-bromoterguride is a promising candidate in the treatment of schizophrenia due to its atypical antipsychotic-like activity and its inability to induce weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Franke
- />Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emilia Tarland
- />Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Fink
- />Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz H. Pertz
- />Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Brosda
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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Guan SS, Sheu ML, Wu CT, Chiang CK, Liu SH. ATP synthase subunit-β down-regulation aggravates diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14561. [PMID: 26449648 PMCID: PMC4598833 DOI: 10.1038/srep14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of ATP synthase subunit-β (ATP5b) in diabetic nephropathy. Histopathological changes, fibrosis, and protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and ATP5b were obviously observed in the kidneys of db/db diabetic mice as compared with the control db/m(+) mice. The increased ATP5b expression was majorly observed in diabetic renal tubules and was notably observed to locate in cytoplasm of tubule cells, but no significant increase of ATP5b in diabetic glomeruli. AGEs significantly increased protein expression of ATP5b and fibrotic factors and decreased ATP content in cultured renal tubular cells via an AGEs-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) axis pathway. Oxidative stress was also induced in diabetic kidneys and AGEs-treated renal tubular cells. The increase of ATP5b and CTGF protein expression in AGEs-treated renal tubular cells was reversed by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. ATP5b-siRNA transfection augmented the increased protein expression of α-SMA and CTGF and CTGF promoter activity in AGEs-treated renal tubular cells. The in vivo ATP5b-siRNA delivery significantly enhanced renal fibrosis and serum creatinine in db/db mice with ATP5b down-regulation. These findings suggest that increased ATP5b plays an important adaptive or protective role in decreasing the rate of AGEs-induced renal fibrosis during diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Departments of Integrated Diagnostics &Therapeutics and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Basurto E, Flores OG, Hoffman KL. Glycinamide prevents MK-801-induced hyperactivity and deficits in object recognition memory in an animal model of positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:349-50. [PMID: 25823398 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Basurto
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México
| | - Oscar González Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México
| | - Kurt Leroy Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Tlax., México.
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O'Connor WT, O'Shea SD. Clozapine and GABA transmission in schizophrenia disease models. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:47-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Valli M, Betti AH, Danuello A, Pivatto M, Centurião F, Antonio CB, Rates SMK, Bolzani VDS. Pyridinic analog of the natural product (−)-spectaline as potential adjuvant for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2247-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Effect of environmental cues on the behavioral efficacy of haloperidol, olanzapine, and clozapine in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2015; 25:277-86. [PMID: 24949569 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that context can powerfully modulate the inhibitory effect of an antipsychotic drug on phencyclidine (PCP)-induced hyperlocomotion (a behavioral test used to evaluate putative antipsychotic drugs). The present study investigated the experimental conditions under which environmental stimuli exert their influence through associative conditioning processes. Experiment 1 examined the extent to which previous antipsychotic treatment in the home cages affected a drug's ability to inhibit PCP-induced hyperlocomotion in novel motor activity test apparatus. Five days of repeated haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and olanzapine (2.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) treatment in the home cages still potentiated their inhibition of PCP-induced hyperlocomotion (i.e. sensitization) assessed in a new environment, whereas the clozapine (10.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) treatment enhanced the development of clozapine tolerance, indicating a lack of environmental modulation of antipsychotic efficacy. Experiment 2 assessed the impact of different numbers of antipsychotic administrations (e.g. 4, 2 or 0), in either the home environment or test environment, on a drug's ability to inhibit PCP-induced hyperlocomotion. Repeated administration of clozapine (5.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for 4 consecutive days, irrespective of where these treatments occurred, led to a similar level of inhibition of PCP-induced hyperlocomotion. However, 4-day haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg, subcutaneously) treatment in the test apparatus led to significantly higher inhibition than a 4-day home-cage treatment. Thus, more exposures to the test environment under the influence of haloperidol (but not clozapine or olanzapine) caused a stronger inhibition than fewer exposures, indicating a strong environmental modulation. Collectively, these findings suggest that previous antipsychotic treatment in one environment could alter later antipsychotic-like response assessed in a different environment under certain test conditions. Therefore, whether the circumstances surrounding antipsychotic drug administration have a powerful effect on the expression of antipsychotic-like efficacy is dependent on specific experimental and drug treatment factors.
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Park SJ, Lee JY, Kim SJ, Choi SY, Yune TY, Ryu JH. Toll-like receptor-2 deficiency induces schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8502. [PMID: 25687169 PMCID: PMC4330527 DOI: 10.1038/srep08502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the immune system contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Here, we demonstrated that toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, a family of pattern-recognition receptors, is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia-like symptoms. Psychotic symptoms such as hyperlocomotion, anxiolytic-like behaviors, prepulse inhibition deficits, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairments were observed in TLR-2 knock-out (KO) mice. Ventricle enlargement, a hallmark of schizophrenia, was also observed in TLR-2 KO mouse brains. Levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3α/β were markedly higher in the brain of TLR-2 KO than wild-type (WT) mice. Antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol or clozapine reversed behavioral and biochemical alterations in TLR-2 KO mice. Furthermore, p-Akt and p-GSK-3α/β were decreased by treatment with a TLR-2 ligand, lipoteichoic acid, in WT mice. Thus, our data suggest that the dysregulation of the innate immune system by a TLR-2 deficiency may contribute to the development and/or pathophysiology of schizophrenia-like behaviors via Akt-GSK-3α/β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choi
- Department of Physiology and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Tae Young Yune
- 1] Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- 1] Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea [2] Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Borsoi M, Antonio CB, Müller LG, Viana AF, Hertzfeldt V, Lunardi PS, Zanotto C, Nardin P, Ravazzolo AP, Rates SMK, Gonçalves CA. Repeated forced swimming impairs prepulse inhibition and alters brain-derived neurotrophic factor and astroglial parameters in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 128:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Borsoi M, Antonio CB, Viana AF, Nardin P, Gonçalves CA, Rates SMK. Immobility behavior during the forced swim test correlates with BNDF levels in the frontal cortex, but not with cognitive impairments. Physiol Behav 2014; 140:79-88. [PMID: 25496978 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The forced swim test (FST) is widely used to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of compounds and is sensitive to stimuli that cause depression-like behaviors in rodents. The immobility behavior observed during the test has been considered to represent behavioral despair. In addition, some studies suggest that the FST impairs rats' performance on cognitive tests, but these findings have rarely been explored. Thus, we investigated the effects of the FST on behavioral tests related to neuropsychiatric diseases that involve different cognitive components: novel object recognition (NOR), the object location test (OLT) and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were evaluated. The rats were forced to swim twice (15-min session followed by a 5-min session 24h later) and underwent cognitive tests 24h after the last swimming exposure. The FST impaired the rats' performance on the OLT and reduced the PPI and acoustic startle responses, whereas the NOR was not affected. The cognitive impairments were not correlated with an immobility behavior profile, but a significant negative correlation between the frontal BDNF levels and immobility behavior was identified. These findings suggest a protective role of BDNF against behavioral despair and demonstrate a deleterious effect of the FST on spatial memory and pre-attentive processes, which point to the FST as a tool to induce cognitive impairments analogous to those observed in depression and in other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Borsoi
- Graduate Studies Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, ZIP code 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Boque Antonio
- Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, ZIP code 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alice Fialho Viana
- Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, ZIP code 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nardin
- Graduate Studies Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, ZIP code 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Graduate Studies Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, ZIP code 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Studies Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2600 Ramiro Barcelos Street, ZIP code 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stela Maris Kuze Rates
- Graduate Studies Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 500 Sarmento Leite Street, ZIP code 90046-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Studies Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, ZIP code 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Park SJ, Lee Y, Oh HK, Lee HE, Lee Y, Ko SY, Kim B, Cheong JH, Shin CY, Ryu JH. Oleanolic acid attenuates MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sinyakova NA, Kulikov AV. Expression of genes in the 111.35–116.16 million bp fragment of chromosome 13 in brain of mice with different predisposition to hereditary catalepsy. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hoffman KL, Basurto E. Clozapine and glycinamide prevent MK-801-induced deficits in the novel object recognition (NOR) test in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:203-11. [PMID: 24933188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans indicate that acute administration of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, provokes schizophrenic-like symptoms in healthy volunteers, and exacerbates existing symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. These and other findings suggest that NMDA receptor hypofunction might participate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and have prompted the development of rodent pharmacological models for this disorder based on acute or subchronic treatment with NMDA receptor antagonists, as well as the development of novel pharmacotherapies based on increasing extrasynaptic glycine concentrations. In the present study, we tested whether acute hyperlocomotory behavior and/or deficits in the novel object recognition (NOR) task, induced in male rabbits by the acute subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of MK-801 (0.025 and 0.037 mg/kg s.c., respectively), were prevented by prior administration of the atypcial antipsychotic, clozapine (0.2mg/kg, s.c.), or the glycine pro-drug glycinamide (56 mg/kg, s.c.). We found that clozapine fully prevented the MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion, and both clozapine and glycinamide prevented MK-801-induced deficits in the NOR task. The present results show that MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion and deficits in the NOR task in the domestic rabbit demonstrate predictive validity as an alternative animal model for symptoms of schizophrenia. Moreover, these results indicate that glycinamide should be investigated in pre-clinical models of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders, where augmentation of extrasynaptic glycine concentrations may have therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt L Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala - CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Basurto
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala - CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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α2-Adrenoceptors are targets for antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:801-12. [PMID: 24488407 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Almost all antipsychotic drugs (APDs), irrespective of whether they belong to the first-generation (e.g. haloperidol) or second-generation (e.g. clozapine), are dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. Second-generation APDs, which differ from first-generation APDs in possessing a lower propensity to induce extrapyramidal side effects, target a variety of monoamine receptors such as serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors (e.g. 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT6, 5-HT7) and α1- and α2-adrenoceptors in addition to their antagonist effects at D2 receptors. OBJECTIVE This short review is focussed on the potential role of α2-adrenoceptors in the antipsychotic therapy. RESULTS Schizophrenia is characterised by three categories of symptoms: positive symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. α2-Adrenoceptors are classified into three distinct subtypes in mammals, α2A, α2B and α2C. Whereas the α2B-adrenoceptor seems to play only a minor role in the brain, activation of postsynaptic α2A-adrenoceptors in the prefrontal cortex improves cognitive functions. Preclinical models such as D-amphetamine-induced locomotion, the conditioned avoidance response and the pharmacological N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction model have shown that α2C-adrenoceptor blockade or the combination of D2 receptor antagonists with idazoxan (α2A/2C-adrenoceptor antagonist) could be useful in schizophrenia. A potential benefit of a treatment combination of first-generation APDs with the α2A/2C-adrenoceptor antagonists idazoxan or mirtazapine was also demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that α2-adrenoceptors may be promising targets in the antipsychotic therapy.
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Selemon LD, Friedman HR. Motor stereotypies and cognitive perseveration in non-human primates exposed to early gestational irradiation. Neuroscience 2013; 248:213-24. [PMID: 23769911 PMCID: PMC3823672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A number of psychiatric illnesses have been associated with prenatal disturbance of brain development, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Individuals afflicted with these disorders exhibit both repetitive motor and cognitive behavior. The potential role that environmental insult to the developing brain may play in generating these aberrant behaviors is unclear. Here we examine the behavioral consequences of an early gestational insult in the non-human primate. Rhesus macaques were exposed to x-irradiation during the first trimester of development to disrupt neurogenesis. The behavior of five fetally irradiated monkeys (FIMs) and five control monkeys (CONs) was observed as they matured from juvenile (1.5 years) to adult ages (4-5 years). Home-cage behavior was indistinguishable in the two groups. In the testing cage, circling was prevalent in both groups at juvenile ages, persisting to adulthood in three of the five FIMs. One FIM executed a ritualized motor sequence marked by semi-circling and undulating head movements. Seven macaques (4 FIMs, 3 CONs) were tested on a spatial Delayed Alternation (DA) task as adults. Perseverative errors and non-perseverative errors were recorded in early stages of the testing, at the 0 delay interval. While performing DA, FIMs made more errors of perseveration than CONs yet the number of total errors committed did not differ between groups. The presence of motor stereotypies and cognitive perseveration in fetally irradiated non-human primates suggests that environmental insult to the embryonic brain may contribute to repetitive motor and cognitive behaviors in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Selemon
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - H R Friedman
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Porsolt RD, Castagné V, Hayes E, Virley D. Nonhuman primates: translational models for predicting antipsychotic-induced movement disorders. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:542-6. [PMID: 24030013 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated haloperidol treatment administered to nonhuman primates (NHPs) over several months or even years leads to the gradual appearance of drug-induced dystonic reactions in the orofacial region (mouth opening, tongue protrusion or retraction, bar biting) and in the whole body (writhing of the limbs and trunk, bar grasping). The propensity of antipsychotics to induce dystonia in NHPs is not correlated with their propensity to induce catalepsy in rodents, suggesting that the two types of effects are dissociated and may represent distinct aspects of the extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics. In view of the clear homology to clinically observed phenomena, antipsychotic-induced dystonias in antipsychotic-primed NHPs would appear to possess a high degree of translational validity. These NHP phenomena could therefore serve as a useful model for predicting the occurrence of similar abnormal movements with novel substances developed for the treatment of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Moreover, the NHP dystonia model could possibly serve as a biomarker for substances that will eventually cause tardive dyskinesia in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger D Porsolt
- Porsolt Research Center, Porsolt SAS (France), Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France
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Pompeu TE, Alves FR, Figueiredo CD, Antonio CB, Herzfeldt V, Moura BC, Rates SM, Barreiro EJ, Fraga CA, Noël F. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new N-phenylpiperazine derivatives designed as homologues of the antipsychotic lead compound LASSBio-579. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:122-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Jantschak F, Brosda J, Franke RT, Fink H, Möller D, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Pertz HH. Pharmacological profile of 2-bromoterguride at human dopamine D2, porcine serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A, and α2C-adrenergic receptors, and its antipsychotic-like effects in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:57-68. [PMID: 23863695 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and adrenergic receptors are targets for therapeutic actions in schizophrenia. Dopamine D2 receptor partial agonists such as aripiprazole represent a treatment option for patients with this severe disorder. The ineffectiveness of terguride, another D2 receptor partial agonist, in treating schizophrenia was recently attributed to its considerably high intrinsic activity at D2 receptors. In this study, we used functional assays for recombinant D2 receptors and native 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A), α2C-adrenergic, and histamine H1 receptors to compare the pharmacological properties of terguride and three of its halogenated derivatives (2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2-iodoterguride) with those of aripiprazole. Subsequently, we studied the antidopaminergic effects of 2-bromoterguride using amphetamine-induced locomotion (AIL). Its influence on spontaneous behavior was tested in the open field. Extrapyramidal side effect (EPS) liability was evaluated by catalepsy test. In a guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPγS) binding assay, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodoterguride produced intrinsic activities at human D2short (hD2S) receptors that were half as high as the intrinsic activity for terguride; aripiprazole lacked agonist activity. 2-Bromoterguride and aripiprazole activated D2S receptor-mediated inhibition of cAMP accumulation to the same extent; intrinsic activity was half as high as that of terguride. All compounds tested behaved as antagonists at human D2long/Gαo (hD2L/Gαo) receptors. Compared with aripiprazole, terguride and its derivatives displayed higher affinity at porcine 5-HT2A receptors and α2C-adrenoceptors and lower affinity at H1 receptors. 2-Bromoterguride inhibited AIL and did not induce catalepsy in rats. Because of its in vitro and in vivo properties, 2-bromoterguride may be a strong candidate for the treatment of schizophrenia with a lower risk to induce EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jantschak
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (F.J., H.H.P.); Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J.B., R.T.F., H.F.); and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany (D.M., H.H., P.G.)
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Porsolt RD. The usefulness of non-human primates in central nervous system safety pharmacology. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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