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Bradfield LA, Becchi S, Kendig MD. Striatal Acetylcholine and Dopamine Interactions Produce Situationappropriate Action Selection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1491-1496. [PMID: 37702238 PMCID: PMC11097990 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230912093041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals often learn how to perform new actions for particular outcomes against a complex background of existing action-outcome associations. As such, this new knowledge can interfere or even compete with existing knowledge, such that individuals must use internal and external cues to determine which action is appropriate to the current situation. The question thus remains as to how this problem is solved at a neural level. Research over the last decade or so has begun to determine how the brain achieves situation-appropriate action selection. Several converging lines of evidence suggest that it is achieved through the complex interactions of acetylcholine and dopamine within the striatum in a manner that relies on glutamatergic inputs from the cortex and thalamus. Here we briefly review this evidence, then relate it to several very recent findings to provide new, speculative insights regarding the precise nature of striatal acetylcholine/dopamine interaction dynamics and their relation to situation- appropriate action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Bradfield
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Serena Becchi
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael D. Kendig
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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2
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Abouelnaga KH, Huff AE, O'Neill OS, Messer WS, Winters BD. Activating M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors induces destabilization of resistant contextual fear memories in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023; 205:107821. [PMID: 37666411 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Destabilization of previously consolidated memories places them in a labile state in which they are open to modification. However, strongly encoded fear memories tend to be destabilization-resistant and the conditions required to destabilize such memories remain poorly understood. Our lab has previously shown that exposure to salient novel contextual cues during memory reactivation can destabilize strongly encoded object location memories and that activity at muscarinic cholinergic receptors is critical for this effect. In the current study, we similarly targeted destabilization-resistant fear memories, hypothesizing that exposure to salient novelty at the time of reactivation would induce destabilization of strongly encoded fear memories in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. First, we show that contextual fear memories induced by 3 context-shock pairings readily destabilize upon memory reactivation, and that this destabilization is blocked by systemic (ip) administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg) in male rats. Following that, we confirm that this effect is dorsal hippocampus (dHPC)-dependent by targeting M1 receptors in the CA1 region with pirenzepine. Next, we show that more strongly encoded fear memories (induced with 5 context-shock pairings) resist destabilization. Consistent with our previous work, however, we report that salient novelty (a change in floor texture) presented during the reactivation session promotes destabilization of resistant contextual fear memories in a muscarinic receptor-dependent manner. Finally, the effect of salient novelty on memory destabilization was mimicked by stimulating muscarinic receptors with the selective M1 agonist CDD-0102A (ip, 0.3 mg/kg). These findings reveal further generalizability of our previous results implicating novel cues and M1 muscarinic signaling in promoting destabilization of resistant memories and suggest possible therapeutic options for disorders characterized by persistent, maladaptive fear memories such as PTSD and phobias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim H Abouelnaga
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew E Huff
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Olivia S O'Neill
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - William S Messer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
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3
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Gao W, Biswal B, Yang J, Li S, Wang Y, Chen S, Yuan J. Temporal dynamic patterns of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex underlie the association between rumination and depression. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:969-982. [PMID: 35462398 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major contributor to the development of depression, rumination has proven linked with aberrant default-mode network (DMN) activity. However, it remains unclear how the spontaneous spatial and temporal activity of DMN underlie the association between rumination and depression. To illustrate this issue, behavioral measures and resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were connected in 2 independent samples (NSample1 = 100, NSample2 = 95). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to assess spatial characteristic patterns, while voxel-wise functional concordance (across time windows) (VC) and Hurst exponent (HE) were used to assess temporal dynamic patterns of brain activity. Results from both samples consistently show that temporal dynamics but not spatial patterns of DMN are associated with rumination. Specifically, rumination is positively correlated with HE and VC (but not fALFF and ReHo) values, reflecting more consistent and regular temporal dynamic patterns in DMN. Moreover, subregion analyses indicate that temporal dynamics of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) reliably predict rumination scores. Furthermore, mediation analyses show that HE and VC of VMPFC mediate the association between rumination and depression. These findings shed light on neural mechanisms of individual differences in rumination and corresponding risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jiemin Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Songlin Li
- School of Educational Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - YanQing Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengdong Chen
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - JiaJin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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4
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Targeting the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210004. [PMID: 35571495 PMCID: PMC9069568 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite extensive research, only a few drugs are available for management of the disease. One strategy has been to up-regulate cholinergic neurotransmission to improve cognitive function, but this approach has dose-limiting adverse effects. To avoid these adverse effects, new drugs that target specific receptor subtypes of the cholinergic system are needed, and the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-mAChR) has been shown to be a good target for this approach. By using several strategies, M1-mAChR ligands have been developed and trialled in preclinical animal models and in human studies, with varying degrees of success. This article reviews the different approaches to targeting the M1-mAChR in AD and discusses the advantages and limitations of these strategies. The factors to consider in targeting the M1-mAChR in AD are also discussed.
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Walker LC, Campbell EJ, Huckstep KL, Chen NA, Langmead CJ, Lawrence AJ. M 1 muscarinic receptor activation decreases alcohol consumption via a reduction in consummatory behavior. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 10:e00907. [PMID: 34962108 PMCID: PMC8929368 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been shown to mediate alcohol consumption and seeking. Both M4 and M5 mAChRs have been highlighted as potential novel treatment targets for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Similarly, M1 mAChRs are expressed throughout reward circuitry, and their signaling has been implicated in cocaine consumption. However, whether the same effects are seen for alcohol consumption, or whether natural reward intake is inadvertently impacted is still unknown. To determine the role of M1 mAChRs in alcohol consumption, we tested operant self-administration of alcohol under both fixed ratio (FR3) and progressive ratio (PR3-4) schedules. Enhancing M1 mAChR signaling (via the M1 PAM-Agonist PF-06767832, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced operant alcohol consumption on a fixed schedule but had no effect on motivation to acquire alcohol. To determine whether these actions were specific to alcohol, we examined the effects of M1 enhancement on natural reward (sucrose) self-administration. Systemic administration of PF-06767832 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) also reduced operant sucrose self-administration, suggesting the actions of the M1 receptor may be non-selective across drug and natural rewards. Finally, to understand whether this reduction extended to natural consummatory behaviors, we assessed home cage standard chow and water consumption. M1 enhancement via systemic PF-06767832 administration reduced food and water consumption. Together our results suggest the M1 PAM-agonist, PF-06767832, non-specifically reduces consummatory behaviors that are not associated with motivational strength for the reward. These data highlight the need to further characterize M1 agonists, PAMs, and PAM-agonists, which may have varying degrees of utility in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders including AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C. Walker
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Erin J. Campbell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Kate L. Huckstep
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Nicola A. Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
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6
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Athnaiel O, Job GA, Ocampo R, Teneqexhi P, Messer WS, Ragozzino ME. Effects of the Partial M1 Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonist CDD-0102A on Stereotyped Motor Behaviors and Reversal Learning in the BTBR Mouse Model of Autism. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 25:64-74. [PMID: 34791301 PMCID: PMC8756088 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a set of neurodevelopmental disorders marked by a lack of social interaction, restrictive interests, and repetitive behaviors. There is a paucity of pharmacological treatments to reduce core ASD symptoms. Various lines of evidence indicate that reduced brain muscarinic cholinergic receptor activity may contribute to an ASD phenotype. METHODS The present experiments examined whether the partial M1 muscarinic receptor agonist, 5-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine hydrochloride (CDD-0102A), alleviates behavioral flexibility deficits and/or stereotyped motor behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of autism. Behavioral flexibility was tested using a reversal learning test. Stereotyped motor behaviors were measured by eliciting digging behavior after removal of nesting material in a home cage and by measuring repetitive grooming. RESULTS CDD-0102A (0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg but not 1.2 mg/kg) injected prior to reversal learning attenuated a deficit in BTBR mice but did not affect performance in B6 mice. Acute CDD-0102A treatment (1.2 and 3 mg/kg) reduced self-grooming in BTBR mice and reduced digging behavior in B6 and BTBR mice. The M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist VU0255035 (3 mg/kg) blocked the effect of CDD-0102A on grooming behavior. Chronic treatment with CDD-0102A (1.2 mg/kg) attenuated self-grooming and digging behavior in BTBR mice. Direct CDD-0102A infusions (1 µg) into the dorsal striatum reduced elevated digging behavior in BTBR mice. In contrast, CDD-0102A injections in the frontal cortex were not effective. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that treatment with a partial M1 muscarinic receptor agonist may reduce repetitive behaviors and restricted interests in autism in part by stimulating striatal M1 muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onella Athnaiel
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Greeshma A Job
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Roberto Ocampo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pamela Teneqexhi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William S Messer
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence: Dr Michael E. Ragozzino, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA ()
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7
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Bleuzé L, Triaca V, Borreca A. FMRP-Driven Neuropathology in Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's disease: A Losing Game. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:699613. [PMID: 34760921 PMCID: PMC8573832 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.699613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA binding protein (RBP) whose absence is essentially associated to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). As an RNA Binding Protein (RBP), FMRP is able to bind and recognize different RNA structures and the control of specific mRNAs is important for neuronal synaptic plasticity. Perturbations of this pathway have been associated with the autistic spectrum. One of the FMRP partners is the APP mRNA, the main protagonist of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), thereby regulating its protein level and metabolism. Therefore FMRP is associated to two neurodevelopmental and age-related degenerative conditions, respectively FXS and AD. Although these pathologies are characterized by different features, they have been reported to share a number of common molecular and cellular players. The aim of this review is to describe the double-edged sword of FMRP in autism and AD, possibly allowing the elucidation of key shared underlying mechanisms and neuronal circuits. As an RBP, FMRP is able to regulate APP expression promoting the production of amyloid β fragments. Indeed, FXS patients show an increase of amyloid β load, typical of other neurological disorders, such as AD, Down syndrome, Parkinson’s Disease, etc. Beyond APP dysmetabolism, the two neurodegenerative conditions share molecular targets, brain circuits and related cognitive deficits. In this review, we will point out the potential common neuropathological pattern which needs to be addressed and we will hopefully contribute to clarifying the complex phenotype of these two neurorological disorders, in order to pave the way for a novel, common disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bleuzé
- University de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR-IBBC), International Campus A. Buzzati Traverso, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Borreca
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano (Mi), Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience-National Research Council (CNR-IN), Milan, Italy
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8
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Muscarinic M1, but not M4, receptor antagonism impairs divided attention in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 205:173184. [PMID: 33836220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Divided attention may be more important than ever to comprehend, given ubiquitous distractors in modern living. In humans, concern has been expressed about the negative impact of distraction in education, the home, and the workplace. While acetylcholine supports divided attention, in part via muscarinic receptors, little is known about the specific muscarinic subtypes that may contribute. We designed a novel, high-response rate test of auditory sustained attention, in which rats complete variable-ratio runs on one of two levers, rather than emitting a single response. By doing this, we can present a secondary visual distractor task during some trials, for which a correct nosepoke response is reinforced with a more palatable food pellet. The nonspecific muscarinic antagonist scopolamine impaired performance, and slowed and reduced lever press activity. We then explored antagonists that preferentially block the M1 and M4 subtypes, because these receptors are potential therapeutic targets for cognitive enhancers. Telenzepine, an M1-preferring antagonist, impaired divided attention performance, but not performance of the attention task without distraction. Telenzepine also had fewer nonspecific effects than scopolamine. In contrast, the M4-preferring antagonist tropicamide had no effects. Analysis of overall behavior also indicated that accuracy in the main attention task decreased as a function of engagement with the distractor task. These results implicate the M1 receptor in divided attention.
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9
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Mineur YS, Picciotto MR. The role of acetylcholine in negative encoding bias: Too much of a good thing? Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:114-125. [PMID: 31821620 PMCID: PMC7282966 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Optimal acetylcholine (ACh) signaling is important for sustained attention and facilitates learning and memory. At the same time, human and animal studies have demonstrated increased levels of ACh in the brain during depressive episodes and increased symptoms of anxiety, depression, and reactivity to stress when ACh breakdown is impaired. While it is possible that the neuromodulatory roles of ACh in cognitive and affective processes are distinct, one possibility is that homeostatic levels of ACh signaling are necessary for appropriate learning, but overly high levels of cholinergic signaling promote encoding of stressful events, leading to the negative encoding bias that is a core symptom of depression. In this review, we outline this hypothesis and suggest potential neural pathways and underlying mechanisms that may support a role for ACh signaling in negative encoding bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann S. Mineur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3 Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, 3 Floor Research, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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10
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Marzoughi S, Banerjee A, Jutzeler CR, Prado MAM, Rosner J, Cragg JJ, Cashman N. Tardive neurotoxicity of anticholinergic drugs: A review. J Neurochem 2020; 158:1334-1344. [PMID: 33222198 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a complex neurotransmitter system with functional involvement at multiple levels of the nervous system including the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, and neuromuscular junction. Anticholinergic medications are among the most prescribed medications, making up one-third to one-half of all medications prescribed for seniors. Recent evidence has linked long-term use of anticholinergic medications and dementia. Emerging evidence implicates the cholinergic system in the regulation of cerebral vasculature as well as neuroinflammation, suggesting that anticholinergic medications may contribute to absolute risk and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we explore the involvement of the cholinergic system in various neurodegenerative diseases and the possible detrimental effects of anticholinergic medications on the onset and progression of these disorders. We identified references by searching the PubMed and Cochrane database between January 1990 and September 2019 for English-language animal and human studies including randomized clinical trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and observational studies. In addition, we conducted a manual search of reference lists from retrieved studies. Long-term anticholinergic medication exposure may have detrimental consequences beyond well-documented short-term cognitive effects, through a variety of mechanisms either directly impacting cholinergic neurotransmission or through receptors expressed on the vasculature or immune cells, providing a pathophysiological framework for complex interactions across the entire neuroaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Marzoughi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ankur Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine R Jutzeler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Rosner
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn J Cragg
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Neil Cashman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Walker LC, Lawrence AJ. Allosteric modulation of muscarinic receptors in alcohol and substance use disorders. FROM STRUCTURE TO CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT: ALLOSTERIC MODULATION OF G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS 2020; 88:233-275. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Sapozhnikova T, Borisevich S, Kireeva D, Gabdrakhmanova S, Khisamutdinova R, Makara N, Gibadullina N, Khursan S, Zarudii F. Effects of novel hexahydropyrimidine derivatives as potential ligands of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor on cognitive function, hypoxia-induced lethality, and oxidative stress in rodents. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Gao W, Chen S, Biswal B, Lei X, Yuan J. Temporal dynamics of spontaneous default-mode network activity mediate the association between reappraisal and depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1235-1247. [PMID: 30339260 PMCID: PMC6277739 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), while spontaneous activity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) is implicated in reappraisal and MDD. However, neural mechanisms subserving the close association of spontaneous reappraisal and depression are unclear. Spontaneous reappraisal, depression and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) were measured from 105 healthy subjects. We assessed the temporal complexity (Hurst exponent), Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional Amplitude of Low Frequency Fluctuation (fALFF) profiles of DMN, a network involved in both reappraisal and depression. Mediation effects of these standard measures on the relationship between reappraisal and depression, and the contributions of each DMN subregion, were assessed. Results indicated that Hurst exponent (H) of DMN, whether extracted by independent component analysis (ICA) or region of interest (ROI), was significantly associated with reappraisal scores. An individual with a higher reappraisal score has a lower Hurst value of DMN. Mediation analyses suggest that H of DMN partially mediates the association between reappraisal and the degree of depression, and this mediation effect arises from the contribution of medial prefrontal cortex. Neither ReHo nor fALFF showed a similar correlation or mediation effect. These findings suggest that temporal dynamics of DMN play an important role in emotion regulation and its association with depression. H of DMN may serve as a neural marker mediating the association between reappraisal and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ShengDong Chen
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - JiaJin Yuan
- The Laboratory for Affect Cognition and Regulation (ACRLAB), Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education (SWU), Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Amodeo DA, Pahua AE, Zarate M, Taylor JA, Peterson S, Posadas R, Oliver BL, Amodeo LR. Differences in the expression of restricted repetitive behaviors in female and male BTBR T + tf/J mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112028. [PMID: 31212059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the expression of restricted repetitive behaviors (RRBs) and impairments in social recognition and communication. Epidemiological studies demonstrate males are three times more likely than females to be affected. Although this is the case, more recent studies suggest females may be underrepresented in these numbers due to standard clinical measures of RRBs and social behaviors. In addition, many studies examining mouse models of ASD exclude females due to the sex disparity in diagnoses. The present study examined how female and male BTBR T + Itpr3tf /J (BTBR) compare to control C57BL/6J mice on tests of RRBs (probabilistic reversal learning, repetitive grooming, spontaneous alternation, and marble burying) and social behaviors (three chambered social approach task). Utilizing a spatial reversal learning test with 80/20 probabilistic feedback, in which ASD individuals have exhibited deficits, we find that female BTBR mice do not show the same impairment found in male BTBR mice. Interestingly, control female C57BL/6J mice required more trials to reach criterion. Female BTBR mice expressed comparable rates of repetitive grooming, marble burying and spontaneous alternation compared to female C57BL/6J mice. Male BTBR mice expressed higher rates of grooming behavior and locomotor activity compared to male C57BL/6J mice, as found in previous studies. Similarly, male BTBR mice showed a reduction in both measures of social approach compared to controls. Both male and female BTBR mice showed a reduction in sniff time for the stranger mouse compared to controls. Together these findings demonstrate how female BTBR mice do not display the RRB profile expressed by male BTBR mice. Testing of repetitive behaviors in ASD needs to better reflect the sex differences in how RRBs manifest in females compared to their extensively researched male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States.
| | - Alma E Pahua
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Marta Zarate
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Jordan A Taylor
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Sophie Peterson
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Rebekah Posadas
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Brandon L Oliver
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
| | - Leslie R Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, United States
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15
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Xiong CH, Liu MG, Zhao LX, Chen MW, Tang L, Yan YH, Chen HZ, Qiu Y. M1 muscarinic receptors facilitate hippocampus-dependent cognitive flexibility via modulating GluA2 subunit of AMPA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2019; 146:242-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Bhattacharyya A, Shahi CK, Pradhan S, Ghorai MK. Stereospecific Synthesis of 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyrimidines via Domino Ring-Opening Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with α-Acidic Isocyanides. Org Lett 2018; 20:2925-2928. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sajan Pradhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manas K. Ghorai
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Ruan Q, Yu Z, Zhang W, Ruan J, Liu C, Zhang R. Cholinergic Hypofunction in Presbycusis-Related Tinnitus With Cognitive Function Impairment: Emerging Hypotheses. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:98. [PMID: 29681847 PMCID: PMC5897739 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Presbycusis (age-related hearing loss) is a potential risk factor for tinnitus and cognitive deterioration, which result in poor life quality. Presbycusis-related tinnitus with cognitive impairment is a common phenotype in the elderly population. In these individuals, the central auditory system shows similar pathophysiological alterations as those observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including cholinergic hypofunction, epileptiform-like network synchronization, chronic inflammation, and reduced GABAergic inhibition and neural plasticity. Observations from experimental rodent models indicate that recovery of cholinergic function can improve memory and other cognitive functions via acetylcholine-mediated GABAergic inhibition enhancement, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated anti-inflammation, glial activation inhibition and neurovascular protection. The loss of cholinergic innervation of various brain structures may provide a common link between tinnitus seen in presbycusis-related tinnitus and age-related cognitive impairment. We hypothesize a key component of the condition is the withdrawal of cholinergic input to a subtype of GABAergic inhibitory interneuron, neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurogliaform cells. Cholinergic denervation might not only cause the degeneration of NPY neurogliaform cells, but may also result in decreased AChR activation in GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. This, in turn, would lead to reduced GABA release and inhibitory regulation of neural networks. Reduced nAChR-mediated anti-inflammation due to the loss of nicotinic innervation might lead to the transformation of glial cells and release of inflammatory mediators, lowering the buffering of extracellular potassium and glutamate metabolism. Further research will provide evidence for the recovery of cholinergic function with the use of cholinergic input enhancement alone or in combination with other rehabilitative interventions to reestablish inhibitory regulation mechanisms of involved neural networks for presbycusis-related tinnitus with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuowei Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, and Research Center of Aging and Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Al-Onaizi MA, Parfitt GM, Kolisnyk B, Law CSH, Guzman MS, Barros DM, Leung LS, Prado MAM, Prado VF. Regulation of Cognitive Processing by Hippocampal Cholinergic Tone. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:1615-1628. [PMID: 26803167 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic dysfunction has been associated with cognitive abnormalities in a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Here we tested how information processing is regulated by cholinergic tone in genetically modified mice targeting the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a protein required for acetylcholine release. We measured long-term potentiation of Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in vivo and assessed information processing by using a mouse touchscreen version of paired associates learning task (PAL). Acquisition of information in the mouse PAL task correlated to levels of hippocampal VAChT, suggesting a critical role for cholinergic tone. Accordingly, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in vivo was disturbed, but not completely abolished, by decreased hippocampal cholinergic signaling. Disrupted forebrain cholinergic signaling also affected working memory, a result reproduced by selectively decreasing VAChT in the hippocampus. In contrast, spatial memory was relatively preserved, whereas reversal spatial memory was sensitive to decreased hippocampal cholinergic signaling. This work provides a refined roadmap of how synaptically secreted acetylcholine influences distinct behaviors and suggests that distinct forms of cognitive processing may be regulated in different ways by cholinergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo M Parfitt
- Robarts Research Institute.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Laboratório de Neurociências (FURG), Brazil
| | | | - Clayton S H Law
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A5K8
| | - Monica S Guzman
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Daniela Martí Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Laboratório de Neurociências (FURG), Brazil
| | - L Stan Leung
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaN6A5K8
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience and.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience and.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A5K8
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19
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Matsuoka H, Inoue M. Molecular mechanism for muscarinic M 1 receptor-mediated endocytosis of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K + 1 channels in rat adrenal medullary cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:6851-6867. [PMID: 28944482 DOI: 10.1113/jp275039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR)-mediated increase in excitability in rat adrenal medullary cells is at least in part due to inhibition of TWIK (tandem of P domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K+ channel)-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)1 channels. In this study we focused on the molecular mechanism of mAChR-mediated inhibition of TASK1 channels. Exposure to muscarine resulted in a clathrin-dependent endocytosis of TASK1 channels following activation of the muscarinic M1 receptor (M1 R). This muscarinic signal for the endocytosis was mediated in sequence by phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and then the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src with the consequent tyrosine phosphorylation of TASK1. The present results establish that TASK1 channels are tyrosine phosphorylated and internalized in a clathrin-dependent manner in response to M1 R stimulation and this translocation is at least in part responsible for muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 channels in rat AM cells. ABSTRACT Activation of muscarinic receptor (mAChR) in rat adrenal medullary (AM) cells induces depolarization through the inhibition of TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ (TASK)1 channels. Here, pharmacological and immunological approaches were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism for this mAChR-mediated inhibition. TASK1-like immunoreactive (IR) material was mainly located at the cell periphery in dissociated rat AM cells, and its majority was internalized in response to muscarine. The muscarine-induced inward current and translocation of TASK1 were suppressed by dynasore, a dynamin inhibitor. The muscarinic translocation was suppressed by MT7, a specific M1 antagonist, and the dose-response curves for muscarinic agonist-induced translocation were similar to those for the muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 currents. The muscarine-induced inward current and/or translocation of TASK1 were suppressed by inhibitors for phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or Src. TASK1 channels in AM cells and PC12 cells were transiently associated with Src and were tyrosine phosphorylated in response to muscarinic stimulation. After internalization, TASK1 channels were quickly dephosphorylated even while they remained in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic TASK1-like IR material quickly recycled back to the cell periphery after muscarine stimulation for 0.5 min, but not 10 min. We conclude that M1 R stimulation results in internalization of TASK1 channels through the PLC-PKC-Src pathway with the consequent phosphorylation of tyrosine and that this M1 R-mediated internalization is at least in part responsible for muscarinic inhibition of TASK1 channels in rat AM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetada Matsuoka
- Department of Cell and Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masumi Inoue
- Department of Cell and Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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20
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Amodeo DA, Grospe G, Zang H, Dwivedi Y, Ragozzino ME. Cognitive flexibility impairment and reduced frontal cortex BDNF expression in the ouabain model of mania. Neuroscience 2017; 345:229-242. [PMID: 27267245 PMCID: PMC5136525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Central infusion of the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain in rats serves as an animal model of mania because it leads to hyperactivity, as well as reproduces ion dysregulation and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels similar to that observed in bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is also associated with cognitive inflexibility and working memory deficits. It is unknown whether ouabain treatment in rats leads to similar cognitive flexibility and working memory deficits. The present study examined the effects of an intracerebral ventricular infusion of ouabain in rats on spontaneous alternation, probabilistic reversal learning and BDNF expression levels in the frontal cortex. Ouabain treatment significantly increased locomotor activity, but did not affect alternation performance in a Y-maze. Ouabain treatment selectively impaired reversal learning in a spatial discrimination task using an 80/20 probabilistic reinforcement procedure. The reversal learning deficit in ouabain-treated rats resulted from an impaired ability to maintain a new choice pattern (increased regressive errors). Ouabain treatment also decreased sensitivity to negative feedback during the initial phase of reversal learning. Expression of BDNF mRNA and protein levels was downregulated in the frontal cortex which also negatively correlated with regressive errors. These findings suggest that the ouabain model of mania may be useful in understanding the neuropathophysiology that contributes to cognitive flexibility deficits and test potential treatments to alleviate cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Gena Grospe
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Hui Zang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, United States
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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21
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Cholinergic circuits in cognitive flexibility. Neuroscience 2017; 345:130-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Lynch JJ, Van Vleet TR, Mittelstadt SW, Blomme EAG. Potential functional and pathological side effects related to off-target pharmacological activity. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 87:108-126. [PMID: 28216264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most pharmaceutical companies test their discovery-stage proprietary molecules in a battery of in vitro pharmacology assays to try to determine off-target interactions. During all phases of drug discovery and development, various questions arise regarding potential side effects associated with such off-target pharmacological activity. Here we present a scientific literature curation effort undertaken to determine and summarize the most likely functional and pathological outcomes associated with interactions at 70 receptors, enzymes, ion channels and transporters with established links to adverse effects. To that end, the scientific literature was reviewed using an on-line database, and the most commonly reported effects were summarized in tabular format. The resultant table should serve as a practical guide for research scientists and clinical investigators for the prediction and interpretation of adverse side effects associated with molecules interacting with components of this screening battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lynch
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric A G Blomme
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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23
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Vedder LC, Savage LM. BDNF regains function in hippocampal long-term potentiation deficits caused by diencephalic damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:81-85. [PMID: 28096497 PMCID: PMC5238722 DOI: 10.1101/lm.043927.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency (TD), commonly associated with chronic alcoholism, leads to diencephalic damage, hippocampal dysfunction, and spatial learning and memory deficits. We show a decrease in the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at CA3–CA1 synapses, independent of sex, following diencephalic damage induced by TD in rats. Thus, despite a lack of extensive hippocampal cell loss, diencephalic brain damage down-regulates plastic processes within the hippocampus, likely contributing to impaired hippocampal-dependent behaviors. However, both measures of hippocampal plasticity (LTP, PPF) were restored with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), revealing an avenue for neural and behavioral recovery following diencephalic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey C Vedder
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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24
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Svoboda J, Popelikova A, Stuchlik A. Drugs Interfering with Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Their Effects on Place Navigation. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 29170645 PMCID: PMC5684124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been found to regulate many diverse functions, ranging from motivation and feeding to spatial navigation, an important and widely studied type of cognitive behavior. Systemic administration of non-selective antagonists of mAChRs, such as scopolamine or atropine, have been found to have adverse effects on a vast majority of place navigation tasks. However, many of these results may be potentially confounded by disruptions of functions other than spatial learning and memory. Although studies with selective antimuscarinics point to mutually opposite effects of M1 and M2 receptors, their particular contribution to spatial cognition is still poorly understood, partly due to a lack of truly selective agents. Furthermore, constitutive knock-outs do not always support results from selective antagonists. For modeling impaired spatial cognition, the scopolamine-induced amnesia model still maintains some limited validity, but there is an apparent need for more targeted approaches such as local intracerebral administration of antagonists, as well as novel techniques such as optogenetics focused on cholinergic neurons and chemogenetics aimed at cells expressing metabotropic mAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Popelikova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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25
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Popiolek M, Nguyen DP, Reinhart V, Edgerton JR, Harms J, Lotarski SM, Steyn SJ, Davoren JE, Grimwood S. Inositol Phosphate Accumulation in Vivo Provides a Measure of Muscarinic M 1 Receptor Activation. Biochemistry 2016; 55:7073-7085. [PMID: 27958713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for using M1 selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activators for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease is well-established in the literature. Here, we investigate measurement of inositol phosphate accumulation, an end point immediately downstream of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signaling cascade, as an in vivo biochemical readout for M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. Five brain penetrant M1-subtype selective activators from three structurally distinct chemical series were pharmacologically profiled for functional activity in vitro using recombinant cell calcium mobilization and inositol phosphate assays, and a native tissue hippocampal slice electrophysiology assay, to show that all five compounds presented a positive allosteric modulator agonist profile, within a narrow range of potencies. In vivo characterization using an amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity behavioral assay and the inositol phosphate accumulation biochemical assay demonstrated that the latter has utility for assessing functional potency of M1 activators. Efficacy measured by inositol phosphate accumulation in mouse striatum compared favorably to efficacy in reversing amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, suggesting that the inositol phosphate accumulation assay has utility for the evaluation of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activators in vivo. The benefits of this in vivo biochemical approach include a wide response window, interrogation of specific brain circuit activation, an ability to model responses in the context of brain exposure, an ability to rank order compounds based on in vivo efficacy, and minimization of animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Popiolek
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David P Nguyen
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Veronica Reinhart
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremy R Edgerton
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John Harms
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susan M Lotarski
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stefanus J Steyn
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jennifer E Davoren
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, ‡Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, and §Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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26
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Turner MP, Hubbard NA, Himes LM, Faghihahmadabadi S, Hutchison JL, Bennett IJ, Motes MA, Haley RW, Rypma B. Cognitive Slowing in Gulf War Illness Predicts Executive Network Hyperconnectivity: Study in a Population-Representative Sample. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:535-541. [PMID: 27672557 PMCID: PMC5030369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive slowing is a prevalent symptom observed in Gulf War Illness (GWI). The present study assessed the extent to which functional connectivity between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other task-relevant brain regions was predictive of GWI-related cognitive slowing. GWI patients (n = 54) and healthy veteran controls (n = 29) were assessed on performance of a processing speed task (the Digit Symbol Substitution Task; DSST) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). GWI patients were slower on the DSST relative to controls. Bilateral DLPFC connectivity with task-relevant nodes was altered in GWI patients compared to healthy controls during DSST performance. Moreover, hyperconnectivity in these networks predicted GWI-related increases in reaction time on the DSST, whereas hypoconnectivity did not. These results suggest that GWI-related cognitive slowing reflects reduced efficiency in cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monroe P. Turner
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Hubbard
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Lyndahl M. Himes
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | | | - Joanna L. Hutchison
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ilana J. Bennett
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael A. Motes
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Robert W. Haley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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27
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Damar U, Gersner R, Johnstone JT, Schachter S, Rotenberg A. Huperzine A as a neuroprotective and antiepileptic drug: a review of preclinical research. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:671-80. [PMID: 27086593 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1175303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA) is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor extracted from Huperzia Serrata, a firmoss, which has been used for various diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for fever and inflammation. More recently, it has been used in Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia with a presumed mechanism of action via central nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. HupA is marketed as a dietary supplement in the U.S. This article reviews newly proposed neuroprotective and anticonvulsant HupA properties based on animal studies. HupA exerts its effects mainly via α7nAChRs and α4β2nAChRs, thereby producing a potent anti-inflammatory response by decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α protein expression, and suppressing transcriptional activation of NF-κB signaling. Thus, it provides protection from excitotoxicity and neuronal death as well as increase in GABAergic transmission associated with anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Damar
- a F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - R Gersner
- a F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - J T Johnstone
- b Research and Development - Neurology , Biscayne Pharmaceuticals, Inc ., Miami , FL , USA
| | - S Schachter
- c Departments of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - A Rotenberg
- a F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology , Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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Fernandez GM, Stewart WN, Savage LM. Chronic Drinking During Adolescence Predisposes the Adult Rat for Continued Heavy Drinking: Neurotrophin and Behavioral Adaptation after Long-Term, Continuous Ethanol Exposure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149987. [PMID: 26930631 PMCID: PMC4773001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has found that adolescent ethanol (EtOH) exposure alters drug seeking behaviors, cognition and neuroplasticity. Using male Sprague Dawley rats, differences in spatial working memory, non-spatial discrimination learning and behavioral flexibility were explored as a function of age at the onset (mid-adolescent vs. adult) of chronic EtOH exposure (CET). Concentrations of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) and beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were also assessed at different time-points: during CET, following acute abstinence (48-hrs), and after protracted abstinence (6-8 wks). Our results revealed that an adolescent onset of CET leads to increased EtOH consumption that persisted into adulthood. In both adult and adolescent onset CET groups, there were significant long-term reductions in prefrontal cortical mBDNF and β-NGF levels. However, only adult onset CET rats displayed decreased hippocampal BDNF levels. Spatial memory, assessed by spontaneous alternation and delayed alternation, was not significantly affected by CET as a function of age of drinking onset, but higher blood-EtOH levels were correlated with lower spontaneous alternation scores. Regardless of the age of onset, EtOH exposed rats were impaired on non-spatial discrimination learning and displayed inflexible behavioral patterns upon reversal learning. Our results indicate that adolescent EtOH exposure changes long-term consumption patterns producing behavioral and neural dysfunctions that persist across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - William N. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Savage
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, United States of America
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Broadley KJ, Buffat MGP, Burnell E, Davies RH, Moreau X, Snee S, Thomas EJ. Stereoselective synthesis of oxazolidinonyl-fused piperidines of interest as selective muscarinic (M1) receptor agonists: a novel M1 allosteric modulator. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2057-89. [PMID: 26768599 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02588e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of (1RS,2SR,6SR)-2-alkoxymethyl-, 2-hetaryl-, and 2-(hetarylmethyl)-7-arylmethyl-4,7-diaza-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-ones, of interest as potential muscarinic M1 receptor agonists, are described. A key step in the synthesis of (1RS,2SR,6SR)-7-benzyl-6-cyclobutyl-2-methoxymethyl-4,7-diaza-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one, was the addition of isopropenylmagnesium bromide to 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclobutylpropanal. This gave the 4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-cyclobutyl-5-isopropenyloxazolidinone with the 5-isopropenyl and 4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl groups cis-disposed about the five-membered ring by chelation controlled addition and in situ cyclisation. This reaction was useful for a range of organometallic reagents. The hydroboration-oxidation of (4SR,5RS)-3-benzyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-4-cyclobutyl-5-(1-methoxyprop-2-en-2-yl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one gave (4SR,5RS)-3-benzyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)-4-cyclobutyl-5-[(SR)-1-hydroxy-3-methoxyprop-2-yl]-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one stereoselectively. 4,7-Diaza-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-ones with substituents at C2 that could facilitate C2 deprotonation were unstable with respect to oxazolidinone ring-opening and this restricted both the synthetic approach and choice of 2-heteroaryl substituent. The bicyclic system with a 2-furyl substituent at C2 was therefore identified as an important target. The addition of 1-lithio-1-(2-furyl)ethene to 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2-cyclobutylpropanal gave (4SR,5RS)-4-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-cyclobutyl-5-[1-(2-furyl)ethenyl]-1,3-oxazolidinone after chelation controlled addition and in situ cyclisation. Following oxazolidinone N-benzylation, hydroboration at 35 °C, since hydroboration at 0 °C was unexpectedly selective for the undesired isomer, followed by oxidation gave a mixture of side-chain epimeric alcohols that were separated after SEM-protection and selective desilylation. Conversion of the neopentylic alcohols into the corresponding primary amines by reductive amination, was followed by N-nosylation, removal of the SEM-groups and cyclisation using a Mitsunobu reaction. Denosylation then gave the 2-furyloxazolidinonyl-fused piperidines, the (1RS,2SR,6SR)-epimer showing an allosteric agonistic effect on M1 receptors. Further studies resulted in the synthesis of other 2-substituted 4,7-diaza-9-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-ones and an analogous tetrahydropyran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Broadley
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Maxime G P Buffat
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Erica Burnell
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - Xavier Moreau
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Stephen Snee
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Eric J Thomas
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Hall JM, Savage LM. Exercise leads to the re-emergence of the cholinergic/nestin neuronal phenotype within the medial septum/diagonal band and subsequent rescue of both hippocampal ACh efflux and spatial behavior. Exp Neurol 2016; 278:62-75. [PMID: 26836322 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in a range of species, presumably through an increase in neurotrophins throughout the brain, but in particular the hippocampus. The current study assessed the ability of exercise to restore septohippocampal cholinergic functioning in the pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency (PTD) rat model of the amnestic disorder Korsakoff Syndrome. After voluntary wheel running or sedentary control conditions (stationary wheel attached to the home cage), PTD and control rats were behaviorally tested with concurrent in vivo microdialysis, at one of two time points: 24-h or 2-weeks post-exercise. It was found that only after the 2-week adaption period did exercise lead to an interrelated sequence of events in PTD rats that included: (1) restored spatial working memory; (2) rescued behaviorally-stimulated hippocampal acetylcholine efflux; and (3) within the medial septum/diagonal band, the re-emergence of the cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase [ChAT+]) phenotype, with the greatest change occurring in the ChAT+/nestin+ neurons. Furthermore, in control rats, exercise followed by a 2-week adaption period improved hippocampal acetylcholine efflux and increased the number of neurons co-expressing the ChAT and nestin phenotype. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which exercise can modulate the mature cholinergic/nestin neuronal phenotype leading to improved neurotransmitter function as well as enhanced learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Hall
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, United States
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, United States.
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Approaches to 3,4,5-substituted piperidines via 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridines prepared by ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Dawson AH, Buckley NA. Pharmacological management of anticholinergic delirium - theory, evidence and practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 81:516-24. [PMID: 26589572 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of anticholinergic delirium is a common complication following drug overdose. Patients with severe toxicity can have significant distress and behavioural problems that often require pharmacological management. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as physostigmine, are effective but widespread use has been limited by concerns about safety, optimal dosing and variable supply. Case series support efficacy in reversal of anticholinergic delirium. However doses vary widely and higher doses commonly lead to cholinergic toxicity. Seizures are reported in up to 2.5% of patients and occasional cardiotoxic effects are also recorded. This article reviews the serendipitous path whereby physostigmine evolved into the preferred anticholinesterase antidote largely without any research to indicate the optimal dosing strategy. Adverse events observed in case series should be considered in the context of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies of physostigmine which suggest a much longer latency before the maximal increase in brain acetylcholine than had been previously assumed. This would favour protocols that use lower doses and longer re-dosing intervals. We propose based on the evidence reviewed that the use of cholinesterase inhibitors should be considered in anticholinergic delirium that has not responded to non-pharmacological delirium management. The optimal risk/benefit would be with a titrated dose of 0.5 to 1 mg physostigmine (0.01-0.02 mg kg(-1) in children) with a minimum delay of 10-15 min before re-dosing. Slower onset and longer acting agents such as rivastigmine would also be logical but more research is needed to guide the appropriate dose in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Dawson
- NSW Poisons Information Center, Westmead Childrens Hospital, Sydney.,Central Clinical School, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- NSW Poisons Information Center, Westmead Childrens Hospital, Sydney.,School of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, D06 - Blackburn Building, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Gould RW, Dencker D, Grannan M, Bubser M, Zhan X, Wess J, Xiang Z, Locuson C, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. Role for the M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Top-Down Cognitive Processing Using a Touchscreen Visual Discrimination Task in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1683-95. [PMID: 26176846 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype has been implicated in the underlying mechanisms of learning and memory and represents an important potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the cognitive impairments observed in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia show impairments in top-down processing involving conflict between sensory-driven and goal-oriented processes that can be modeled in preclinical studies using touchscreen-based cognition tasks. The present studies used a touchscreen visual pairwise discrimination task in which mice discriminated between a less salient and a more salient stimulus to assess the influence of the M1 mAChR on top-down processing. M1 mAChR knockout (M1 KO) mice showed a slower rate of learning, evidenced by slower increases in accuracy over 12 consecutive days, and required more days to acquire (achieve 80% accuracy) this discrimination task compared to wild-type mice. In addition, the M1 positive allosteric modulator BQCA enhanced the rate of learning this discrimination in wild-type, but not in M1 KO, mice when BQCA was administered daily prior to testing over 12 consecutive days. Importantly, in discriminations between stimuli of equal salience, M1 KO mice did not show impaired acquisition and BQCA did not affect the rate of learning or acquisition in wild-type mice. These studies are the first to demonstrate performance deficits in M1 KO mice using touchscreen cognitive assessments and enhanced rate of learning and acquisition in wild-type mice through M1 mAChR potentiation when the touchscreen discrimination task involves top-down processing. Taken together, these findings provide further support for M1 potentiation as a potential treatment for the cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Dencker
- Laboratory
of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhangen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - J. Wess
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Kim SW, Seo M, Kim DS, Kang M, Kim YS, Koh HY, Shin HS. Knockdown of phospholipase C-β1 in the medial prefrontal cortex of male mice impairs working memory among multiple schizophrenia endophenotypes. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2015; 40:78-88. [PMID: 25268789 PMCID: PMC4354821 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased expression of phospholipase C-β1 (PLC-β1) has been observed in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, but, to our knowledge, no studies have shown a possible association between this altered PLC-β1 expression and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Although PLC-β1-null (PLC-β1(-/-)) mice exhibit multiple endophenotypes of schizophrenia, it remains unclear how regional decreases in PLC-β1 expression in the brain contribute to specific behavioural defects. METHODS We selectively knocked down PLC-β1 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using a small hairpin RNA strategy in mice. RESULTS Silencing PLC-β1 in the mPFC resulted in working memory deficits, as assayed using the delayed non-match-to-sample T-maze task. Notably, however, other schizophrenia-related behaviours observed in PLC-β1-/- mice, including phenotypes related to locomotor activity, sociability and sensorimotor gating, were normal in PLC-β1 knockdown mice. LIMITATIONS Phenotypes of PLC-β1 knockdown mice, such as locomotion, anxiety and sensorimotor gating, have already been published in our previous studies. Further, the neural mechanisms underlying the working memory deficit in mice may be different from those in human schizophrenia. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PLC-β1 signalling in the mPFC is required for working memory. Importantly, these results support the notion that the decrease in PLC-β1 expression in the brains of patients with schizophrenia is a pathogenically relevant molecular marker of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Correspondence to: H.-S. Shin, Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 70 Yuseong-daero 1689-gil, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea;
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Amodeo DA, Yi J, Sweeney JA, Ragozzino ME. Oxotremorine treatment reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR T+ tf/J mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2014; 6:17. [PMID: 25165445 PMCID: PMC4131251 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive behaviors with restricted interests is one of the core criteria for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current pharmacotherapies that target the dopaminergic or serotonergic systems have limited effectiveness in treating repetitive behaviors. Previous research has demonstrated that administration of muscarinic cholinergic receptor (mAChR) antagonists can exacerbate motor stereotypies while mAChR agonists reduce stereotypies. The present study determined whether the mAChR agonist, oxotremorine affected repetitive behaviors in the BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) mouse model of autism. To test the effects of oxotremorine on repetitive behaviors, marble burying and grooming behavior were measured in BTBR mice and compared to that in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. The effects of oxotremorine on locomotor activity was also measured. Thirty minutes before each test, mice received an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of saline, 0.001 mg or 0.01 mg of oxotremorine methiodide. Saline- treated BTBR mice exhibited increased marble burying and self-grooming behavior compared to that of saline-treated B6 mice. Oxotremorine significantly reduced marble burying and self-grooming behavior in BTBR mice, but had no significant effect in B6 mice. In addition, oxotremorine did not affect locomotor activity in BTBR mice, but significantly reduced locomotor activity in B6 mice at the 0.01 mg dose. These findings demonstrate that activation of mAChRs reduces repetitive behavior in the BTBR mouse and suggest that treatment with a mAChR agonist may be effective in reducing repetitive behaviors in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisio A Amodeo
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julia Yi
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael E Ragozzino
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
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Yi F, Ball J, Stoll KE, Satpute VC, Mitchell SM, Pauli JL, Holloway BB, Johnston AD, Nathanson NM, Deisseroth K, Gerber DJ, Tonegawa S, Lawrence JJ. Direct excitation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons by M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors: roles in cellular excitability, inhibitory transmission and cognition. J Physiol 2014; 592:3463-94. [PMID: 24879872 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.275453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-containing (PV) neurons, a major class of GABAergic interneurons, are essential circuit elements of learning networks. As levels of acetylcholine rise during active learning tasks, PV neurons become increasingly engaged in network dynamics. Conversely, impairment of either cholinergic or PV interneuron function induces learning deficits. Here, we examined PV interneurons in hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) and their modulation by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). HC PV cells, visualized by crossing PV-CRE mice with Rosa26YFP mice, were anatomically identified as basket cells and PV bistratified cells in the stratum pyramidale; in stratum oriens, HC PV cells were electrophysiologically distinct from somatostatin-containing cells. With glutamatergic transmission pharmacologically blocked, mAChR activation enhanced PV cell excitability in both CA1 HC and PFC; however, CA1 HC PV cells exhibited a stronger postsynaptic depolarization than PFC PV cells. To delete M1 mAChRs genetically from PV interneurons, we created PV-M1 knockout mice by crossing PV-CRE and floxed M1 mice. The elimination of M1 mAChRs from PV cells diminished M1 mAChR immunoreactivity and muscarinic excitation of HC PV cells. Selective cholinergic activation of HC PV interneurons using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs technology enhanced the frequency and amplitude of inhibitory synaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal cells. Finally, relative to wild-type controls, PV-M1 knockout mice exhibited impaired novel object recognition and, to a lesser extent, impaired spatial working memory, but reference memory remained intact. Therefore, the direct activation of M1 mAChRs on PV cells contributes to some forms of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Jackson Ball
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Kurt E Stoll
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Vaishali C Satpute
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Neuroscience Graduate Program
| | - Samantha M Mitchell
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Davidson Honors College, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jordan L Pauli
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Benjamin B Holloway
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - April D Johnston
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Neil M Nathanson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Box 357750, Seattle, WA 98195-7750, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David J Gerber
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susumu Tonegawa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J Josh Lawrence
- COBRE Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Hubbard NA, Hutchison JL, Motes MA, Shokri-Kojori E, Bennett IJ, Brigante RM, Haley RW, Rypma B. Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans with Gulf War Illness. Clin Psychol Sci 2013; 2:319-327. [PMID: 25767746 DOI: 10.1177/2167702613506580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness is associated with toxic exposure to cholinergic disruptive chemicals. The cholinergic system has been shown to mediate the central executive of working memory (WM). The current work proposes that impairment of the cholinergic system in Gulf War Illness patients (GWIPs) leads to behavioral and neural deficits of the central executive of WM. A large sample of GWIPs and matched controls (MCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a varied-load working memory task. Compared to MCs, GWIPs showed a greater decline in performance as WM-demand increased. Functional imaging suggested that GWIPs evinced separate processing strategies, deferring prefrontal cortex activity from encoding to retrieval for high demand conditions. Greater activity during high-demand encoding predicted greater WM performance. Behavioral data suggest that WM executive strategies are impaired in GWIPs. Functional data further support this hypothesis and suggest that GWIPs utilize less effective strategies during high-demand WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Hubbard
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Joanna L Hutchison
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Motes
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ilana J Bennett
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Ryan M Brigante
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Haley
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Furey ML, Drevets WC, Hoffman EM, Frankel E, Speer AM, Zarate CA. Potential of pretreatment neural activity in the visual cortex during emotional processing to predict treatment response to scopolamine in major depressive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2013; 70:280-90. [PMID: 23364679 PMCID: PMC3717361 DOI: 10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The need for improved treatment options for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) is critical. Faster-acting antidepressants and biomarkers that predict clinical response will facilitate treatment. Scopolamine produces rapid antidepressant effects and thus offers the opportunity to characterize potential biomarkers of treatment response within short periods. OBJECTIVE To determine if baseline brain activity when processing emotional information can predict treatment response to scopolamine in MDD. DESIGN A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study together with repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging, acquired as participants performed face-identity and face-emotion working memory tasks. SETTING National Institute of Mental Health Division of Intramural Research Programs. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen currently depressed outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for recurrent MDD and 21 healthy participants, between 18 and 55 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The magnitude of treatment response to scopolamine (percentage of change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score between study end and baseline) was correlated with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal associated with each working memory component (encode, maintenance, and test) for both identity and emotion tasks. Treatment response also was correlated with change in BOLD response (scopolamine vs baseline). Baseline activity was compared between healthy and MDD groups. RESULTS Baseline BOLD response in the bilateral middle occipital cortex, selectively during the stimulus-processing components of the emotion working memory task (no correlation during the identity task), correlated with treatment response magnitude. Change in BOLD response following scopolamine administration in overlapping areas in the middle occipital cortex while performing the same task conditions also correlated with clinical response. Healthy controls showed higher activity in the same visual regions than patients with MDD during baseline. CONCLUSION These results implicate cholinergic and visual processing dysfunction in the pathophysiology of MDD and suggest that neural response in the visual cortex, selectively to emotional stimuli, may provide a useful biomarker for identifying patients who will respond favorably to scopolamine. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00055575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura L Furey
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Improved Cholinergic Transmission is Detrimental to Behavioural Plasticity in Honeybees (Apis mellifera). BIOLOGY 2012; 1:508-20. [PMID: 24832506 PMCID: PMC4009804 DOI: 10.3390/biology1030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the role of neuromessenger processes in learning and memory has long interested researchers. We investigated the effects of an acetylcholinesterase blocker, Methyl Parathion (MeP), on honeybee learning. We used visual and olfactory tasks to test whether MeP had a detrimental effect on the acquisition of new knowledge when this new knowledge contradicts previously acquired one. Our results indicate that treatment with MeP prior to conditioning was significantly detrimental to the acquisition of incongruous (but not irrelevant or congruous) new knowledge due to improved recall. The neurobiological and ecotoxicological consequences of these results are discussed.
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