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Choi SY, Kim S, Jeon JY, Kim MG, Lee SY, Shin KH. Metabolomic Profiles in Patients with Cervical Cancer Undergoing Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:379-389. [PMID: 38586913 PMCID: PMC11063475 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate endogenous metabolic changes before and after cisplatin and radiation therapy in patients with cervical cancer via untargeted metabolomic analysis using plasma samples. A total of 13 cervical cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Plasma samples were collected from each patient on two occasions: approximately one week before therapy (P1) and after completion of cisplatin and radiation therapy (P2). Of the 13 patients, 12 patients received both cisplatin and radiation therapy, whereas one patient received radiation therapy alone. The samples were analyzed using the Ultimate 3000 coupled with Q ExactiveTM Focus Hybrid Quadrupole-OrbitrapTM mass spectrometry (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Chromatographic separation utilized a Kinetex C18 column 2.1×100 mm (2.6 μm) (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA), and the temperature was maintained at 40°C. Following P2, there were statistically significant increases in the concentrations of indoxyl sulfate, phenylacetylglutamine, Lysophosphatidyethanolamine (LysoPE) (18:1), and indole-3-acetic acid compared with the concentrations observed at P1. Specifically, in the human papillomavirus (HPV) noninfection group, indoxyl sulfate, LysoPE (18:1), and phenylacetylglutamine showed statistically significant increases at P2 compared with P1. No significant changes in metabolite concentrations were observed in the HPV infection group. Indoxyl sulfate, LysoPE (18:1), phenylacetylglutamine, and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly increased following cisplatin and radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 561712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Mehta H, Ambele MA, Mokgautsi N, Moela P. Probing the Effects of Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 6 (RBBP6) Knockdown on the Sensitivity of Cisplatin in Cervical Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:700. [PMID: 38667315 PMCID: PMC11049397 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major cause of death in women despite the advancement of current treatment modalities. The conventional therapeutic agent, cisplatin (CCDP), is the standard treatment for CC; however, resistance often develops due to the cancer's heterogeneity. Therefore, a detailed elucidation of the specific molecular mechanisms driving CC is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) is a potential biomarker associated with cell proliferation and is upregulated in cervical cancer sites, exhibiting apoptosis and dysregulated p53 expression. Furthermore, RBBP6 has been demonstrated to sensitize cancer cells to radiation and certain chemotherapeutic agents by regulating the Bcl-2 gene, thus suggesting a crosstalk among RBBP6/p53/BCL-2 oncogenic signatures. The present study, therefore, investigated the relationship between cisplatin and RBBP6 expression in CC cells. Herein, we first explored bioinformatics simulations and identified that the RBBP6/p53/BCL-2 signaling pathway is overexpressed and correlated with CC. For further analysis, we explored the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) and found that most of the CC cell lines are sensitive to CCDP. To validate these findings, RBBP6 was silenced in HeLa and Vero cells using RNAi technology, followed by measurement of wild-type p53 and Bcl-2 at the mRNA level using qPCR. Cells co-treated with cisplatin and siRBBP6 were subsequently analyzed for apoptosis induction and real-time growth monitoring using flow cytometry and the xCELLigence system, respectively. Cancer cells in the co-treatment group showed a reduction in apoptosis compared to the cisplatin-treated group. Moreover, the real-time growth monitoring revealed a reduced growth rate in RBBP6 knockdown cells treated with cisplatin. Although wild-type p53 remained unchanged in the co-treatment group of cancer cells, Bcl-2 was completely repressed, suggesting that RBBP6 is necessary for sensitizing cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment by downregulating Bcl-2. The Vero cell population, which served as a non-cancerous control cell line in this study, remained viable following treatment with both siRBBP6 and cisplatin. Findings from this study suggest that RBBP6 expression promotes cisplatin sensitivity in HeLa cells through Bcl-2 downregulation. Knockdown of RBBP6 limits apoptosis induction and delays cell growth inhibition in response to cisplatin. The knowledge obtained here has the potential to help improve cisplatin efficacy through personalized administration based on the expression profile of RBBP6 among individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Mehta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (H.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Melvin Anyasi Ambele
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology and SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ntlotlang Mokgautsi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (H.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Pontsho Moela
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (H.M.); (N.M.)
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Hardianto A, Muscifa ZS, Widayat W, Yusuf M, Subroto T. The Effect of Ethanol on Lipid Nanoparticle Stabilization from a Molecular Dynamics Simulation Perspective. Molecules 2023; 28:4836. [PMID: 37375391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising delivery system, particularly for genetic therapies and vaccines. LNP formation requires a specific mixture of nucleic acid in a buffered solution and lipid components in ethanol. Ethanol acts as a lipid solvent, aiding the formation of the nanoparticle's core, but its presence can also affect LNP stability. In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the physicochemical effect of ethanol on LNPs and gain a dynamic understanding of its impact on the overall structure and stability of LNPs. Our results demonstrate that ethanol destabilizes LNP structure over time, indicated by increased root mean square deviation (RMSD) values. Changes in the solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), electron density, and radial distribution function (RDF) also suggest that ethanol affects LNP stability. Furthermore, our H-bond profile analysis shows that ethanol penetrates the LNP earlier than water. These findings emphasize the importance of immediate ethanol removal in lipid-based systems during LNP production to ensure stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Hardianto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Zahra Silmi Muscifa
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Wahyu Widayat
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, West Java, Indonesia
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Repositioning Fenofibrate to Reactivate p53 and Reprogram the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment in HPV+ Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020282. [PMID: 35053444 PMCID: PMC8773501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A critical need for optimal management of human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ HNSCC) patients is the development of therapeutic strategies to exploit the inherent vulnerabilities of this unique disease. We identified fenofibrate, an FDA-approved drug, as a potent anti-cancer agent for HPV+ HNSCC. Fenofibrate induced the accumulation of the p53 tumor suppressor and re-programmed the tumor microenvironment to drive immune cell infiltration. We provide compelling evidence to reposition fenofibrate as a single agent or in combination with standard therapies for the HPV+ HNSCC setting. Abstract Human papillomavirus-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ HNSCC) is recognized as a distinct disease with unique etiology and clinical features. Current standard of care therapeutic modalities are identical for HPV+ and HPV− HNSCC and thus, there remains an opportunity to develop innovative pharmacologic approaches to exploit the inherent vulnerabilities of HPV+ HNSCC. In this study, using an inducible HPVE6E7 knockdown system, we found that HPV+ HNSCC cells are addicted to HPVE6E7, such that loss of these viral oncogenes impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. A number of druggable pathways, including PPAR and Wnt, were modulated in response to HPVE6E7 loss. Fenofibrate showed significant anti-proliferative effects in a panel of HPV+ cancer cell lines. Additionally, fenofibrate impaired tumor growth as monotherapy and potentiated the activity of cisplatin in a pre-clinical HPV+ animal model. Systemic fenofibrate treatment induced p53 protein accumulation, and surprisingly, re-programmed the tumor-immune microenvironment to drive immune cell infiltration. Since fenofibrate is FDA-approved with a favorable long-term safety record, repositioning of this drug, as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin or checkpoint blockade, for the HPV+ HNSCC setting should be prioritized.
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Salinas-Montalvo AM, Supramaniam A, McMillan NA, Idris A. RNA-based gene targeting therapies for human papillomavirus driven cancers. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:111-120. [PMID: 34627949 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While platinum-based chemotherapy, radiation therapy and or surgery are effective in reducing human papillomavirus (HPV) driven cancer tumours, they have some significant drawbacks, including low specificity for tumour, toxicity, and severe adverse effects. Though current therapies for HPV-driven cancers are effective, severe late toxicity associated with current treatments contributes to the deterioration of patient quality of life. This warrants the need for novel therapies for HPV derived cancers. In this short review, we examined RNA-based therapies targeting the major HPV oncogenes, including short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) as putative treatment modalities. We also explore other potential RNA-based targeting approaches such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and mRNA vaccines as future treatment modalities for HPV cancers. Some of these technologies have already been approved for clinical use for a range of other human diseases but not for HPV cancers. Here we explore the emerging evidence supporting the effectiveness of some of these gene-based therapies for HPV malignancies. In short, the evidence sheds promising light on the feasibility of translating these technologies into a clinically relevant treatment modality for HPV derived cancers and potentially other virally driven human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Salinas-Montalvo
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nigel Aj McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Shih WL, Fang CT, Chen PJ. Chapter XX Antiviral Treatment and Cancer Control. Recent Results Cancer Res 2021; 217:325-354. [PMID: 33200371 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57362-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papilloma virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) contribute to about 10-15% global burden of human cancers. Conventional chemotherapy or molecular target therapies have been used to treat virus-associated cancers. However, a more proactive approach would be the use of antiviral treatment to suppress or eliminate viral infections to prevent the occurrence of cancer in the first place. Antiviral treatments against chronic HBV and HCV infection have achieved this goal, with significant reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in treated patients. Antiviral treatments for EBV, KSHV, and HTLV-1 had limited success in treating refractory EBV-associated lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, KSHV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients, and HTLV-1-associated acute, chronic, and smoldering subtypes of adult T-cell lymphoma, respectively. Therapeutic HPV vaccine and RNA interference-based therapies for treating HPV-associated infection or cervical cancers also showed some encouraging results. Taken together, antiviral therapies have yielded promising results in cancer prevention and treatment. More large-scale studies in a real-world setting are necessary to confirm the efficacy of antiviral therapy. Further investigation for more effective and convenient antiviral regimens warrants more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Fang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Kumar A, Rathi E, Hariharapura RC, Kini SG. Is viral E6 oncoprotein a viable target? A critical analysis in the context of cervical cancer. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2019-2048. [PMID: 32483862 DOI: 10.1002/med.21697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the pathology of cervical cancer (CC) mediated by E6/E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was developed by late 80's. But if we look at the present scenario, not a single drug could be developed to inhibit these oncoproteins and in turn, be used specifically for the treatment of CC. The readers are advised not to presume the "viability of E6 protein" as mentioned in the title relates to just druggability of E6. The viability aspect will cover almost everything a researcher should know to develop E6 inhibitors until the preclinical stage. Herein, we have analysed the achievements and shortcomings of the scientific community in the last four decades in targeting HPV E6 against CC. Role of all HPV proteins has been briefly described for better perspective with a little detailed discussion of the role of E6. We have reviewed the articles from 1985 onward, reporting in vitro inhibition of E6. Recently, many computational studies have reported potent E6 inhibitors and these have also been reviewed. Subsequently, a critical analysis has been reported to cover the in vitro assay protocols and in vivo models to develop E6 inhibitors. A paragraph has been devoted to the role of public policy to fight CC employing vaccines and whether the vaccine against HPV has quenched the zeal to develop drugs against it. The review concludes with the challenges and the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ekta Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suvarna G Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Duenas-Gonzalez A, Gonzalez-Fierro A. Pharmacodynamics of current and emerging treatments for cervical cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:671-682. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1648431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gupta SM, Mania-Pramanik J. Molecular mechanisms in progression of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:28. [PMID: 31014351 PMCID: PMC6477741 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women worldwide and a major cause of mortality in developing countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. In addition, genetic and epigenetic alterations in host cell genes are crucial for progression of cervical precancerous lesions to invasive cancer. Although much progress has been made in understanding the life cycle of HPV and it’s role in the development of cervical cancer, there is still a critical need for accurate surveillance strategies and targeted therapeutic options to eradicate these cancers in patients. Given the widespread nature of HPV infection and the type specificity of currently available HPV vaccines, it is crucial that molecular details of the natural history of HPV infection as well as the biological activities of viral oncoproteins be elucidated. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in oncogenesis can provide novel insights and opportunities for designing effective therapeutic approaches against HPV-associated malignancies. In this review, we briefly summarize epigenetic alterations and events that cause alterations in host genomes inducing cell cycle deregulation, aberrant proliferation and genomic instability contributing to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana M Gupta
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Jayanti Mania-Pramanik
- Department of Infectious Diseases Biology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
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Dadar M, Chakraborty S, Dhama K, Prasad M, Khandia R, Hassan S, Munjal A, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Kumar D, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W. Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs and Therapeutic Approaches to Counter Human Papilloma Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2478. [PMID: 30483247 PMCID: PMC6240620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection with skin-to-skin based transmission mode. HPV annually caused over 500,000 cancer cases including cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal cancer among others. HPV vaccination has become a public-health concern, worldwide, to prevent the cases of HPV infections including precancerous lesions, cervical cancers, and genital warts especially in adolescent female and male population by launching national programs with international alliances. Currently, available prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are expensive to be used in developing countries for vaccination programs. The recent progress in immunotherapy, biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology and molecular biology along with alternative and complementary medicinal systems have paved novel ways and valuable opportunities to design and develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines, drugs and treatment approach to counter HPV effectively. Exploration and more researches on such advances could result in the gradual reduction in the incidences of HPV cases across the world. The present review presents a current global scenario and futuristic prospects of the advanced prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against HPV along with recent patents coverage of the progress and advances in drugs, vaccines and therapeutic regimens to effectively combat HPV infections and its cancerous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, West Tripura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sameer Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, U P Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shaikh MH, Idris A, Johnson NW, Fallaha S, Clarke DTW, Martin D, Morgan IM, Gabrielli B, McMillan NAJ. Aurora kinases are a novel therapeutic target for HPV-positive head and neck cancers. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:105-112. [PMID: 30409290 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the main culprit in cancers of the cervix, penis, anus, skin, eye and head and neck. Current treatments for HPV cancers have not altered survival outcomes for 30 years and there is a significant lack of targeted therapeutic agents in the management of advanced HPV-related HNSCC. Here we show that survival and maintenance of HPV-positive HNC cells relies on the continuous expression of the major HPV oncogene, E7, and that Aurora kinases are critical for survival of high-risk HPV-positive HNC cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the role of HPV E7 on HNC cell survival, RNA interference (RNAi) of the E7 gene was initially performed. Using an Aurora kinase inhibitor, Alisertib, the role of Aurora kinases in the carcinogenesis of HPV E7 positive HNC tumour lines was then investigated. An in vivo HNC xenograft model was also utilised to assess loss of tumour volume in response to RNAi E7 gene silencing and Alisertib treatment. RESULTS RNAi silencing of the HPV E7 gene inhibited the growth of HPV-positive HNC cells and in vivo tumour load. We show that HPV E7 oncogene expression confers sensitivity to Alisertib on HNC cells where Alisertib-mediated loss in in vitro cell viability and in vivo tumour load is dependent on E7 expression. Moreover, Aurora kinase inhibition induced degradation of MCL-1 in HPV E7-expressing HNC cells. CONCLUSION Overall, we show that Aurora kinases are a novel therapeutic target for HPV-positive HNCs. It might be feasible to combine Aurora kinase and MCL-1 inhibitors for future HNC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq H Shaikh
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng City, China
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Dental Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sora Fallaha
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel T W Clarke
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Martin
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Iain M Morgan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
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12
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Adenovirus-mediated transfer of HPV 16 E6/E7 antisense RNA combined with cisplatin inhibits cellular growth and induces apoptosis in HPV-positive head and neck cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:274-283. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Knocking down Insulin Receptor in Pancreatic Beta Cell lines with Lentiviral-Small Hairpin RNA Reduces Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Decreasing the Gene Expression of Insulin, GLUT2 and Pdx1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040985. [PMID: 29587416 PMCID: PMC5979368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in fat, muscle and liver cells. Recent studies have shown that the development of insulin resistance in pancreatic beta cell lines may contribute to beta cell dysfunction in T2D. However, there still is a lack of detailed investigations regarding the mechanisms by which insulin deficiency may contribute in diabetes. In this study, we firstly established a stable insulin receptor knockdown cell line in pancreatic beta cells INS-1 (InsRβKD cells) using anti InsRβ small hairpin RNA (InsRβ-shRNA) encoded by lentiviral vectors. The resultant InsRβKD cells demonstrated a significantly reduced expression of InsRβ as determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting analyses. Upon removing glucose from the medium, these cells exhibited a significant decrease in insulin gene expression and protein secretion in response to 20 mM glucose stimulation. In accordance with this insulin reduction, the glucose uptake efficiency as indicated by a 3[H]-2-deoxy-d-glucose assay also decreased. Furthermore, InsRβKD cells showed a dramatic decrease in glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2, encoded by SLC2A2) and pancreatic duodenal homeobox (Pdx1) mRNA expression compared to the controls. These data collectively suggest that pancreatic beta cell insulin resistance contributes to the development of beta cell dysfunction by impairing pancreatic beta cell glucose sensation through the Pdx1- GLUT2 pathway. InsRβKD cells provide a good model to further investigate the mechanism of β-cell dysfunction in T2D.
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14
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Koraneekit A, Limpaiboon T, Sangka A, Boonsiri P, Daduang S, Daduang J. Synergistic effects of cisplatin-caffeic acid induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via the mitochondrial pathways. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7397-7402. [PMID: 29731891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CxCa) is a major health problem globally and is associated with the presence of human papillomavirus infection. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent. Owing to its side effects and drug-resistance, novel anticancer agents with lower toxicity, including caffeic acid (CFC), are of interest. However, the effects of CDDP and CFC in combination are, to the best of our knowledge, uninvestigated. The present study investigated the effectiveness of CDDP and CFC in combination and its mechanism of action on four human cervical cancer cell lines, which were compared with the Chlorocebus sabaeus normal kidney Vero cell line. Cell viability was evaluated using a sulforhodamine B assay. Caspase-Glo assay kits, measuring the activity of caspases-3, -7, -8 and -9, were used to detect caspase activation in HeLa and CaSki cell lines in response to CDDP and CFC in combination. The results revealed that CDDP and CFC alone reduced the proliferation of HeLa, CaSki, SiHa and C33A cell lines. Treatment with CFC exhibited no significant cytotoxicity towards Vero cells. In addition, CDDP-CFC significantly inhibited cell growth of HeLa and CaSki cell lines. In HeLa and CaSki cell lines, a combination index <1 for CDDP and CFC indicated the synergistic growth inhibition; the combination of the two also significantly increased expression of caspase-3, -7 and -9. In conclusion, CFC may be a candidate anticancer agent that, when use in combination, may increase the therapeutic efficacy of CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amonrat Koraneekit
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Arunnee Sangka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Boonsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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15
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Togtema M, Jackson R, Grochowski J, Villa PL, Mellerup M, Chattopadhyaya J, Zehbe I. Synthetic siRNA targeting human papillomavirus 16 E6: a perspective on in vitro nanotherapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:455-474. [PMID: 29382252 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses infect skin and mucosa, causing approximately 5% of cancers worldwide. In the search for targeted nanotherapeutic approaches, siRNAs against the viral E6 transcript have been molecules of interest but have not yet seen successful translation into the clinic. By reviewing the past approximately 15 years of in vitro literature, we identify the need for siRNA validation protocols which concurrently evaluate ranges of key treatment parameters as well as characterize downstream process restoration in a methodical, quantitative manner and demonstrate their implementation using our own data. We also reflect on the future need for more appropriate cell culture models to represent patient lesions as well as the application of personalized approaches to identify optimal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Togtema
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Robert Jackson
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jessica Grochowski
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Peter L Villa
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Miranda Mellerup
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Jyoti Chattopadhyaya
- Program of Chemical Biology, Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
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16
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Shaikh MH, Clarke DTW, Johnson NW, McMillan NAJ. Can gene editing and silencing technologies play a role in the treatment of head and neck cancer? Oral Oncol 2017; 68:9-19. [PMID: 28438299 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment strategies have done little to improve the prognosis or disease-free survival in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Recent progress in our understanding of molecular aspects of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has provided insights into the potential use of molecular targeted therapies in combination with current treatment strategies. Here we review the current understanding of treatment modalities for both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs with the potential to use gene editing and silencing technologies therapeutically. The development of sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) with its strong gene-specific silencing ability, high target specificity, greater potency and reduced side effects, has shown it to be a promising therapeutic candidate for treating cancers. CRISPR/Cas gene editing is the newest technology with the ability to delete, mutate or replace genes of interest and has great potential for treating HNSCCs. We also discuss the major challenge in using these approaches in HNSCC; that being the choice of target and the ability to deliver the payload. Finally, we highlight the potential combination of RNAi or CRIPSR/Cas with current treatment strategies and outline the possible path to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq H Shaikh
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Daniel T W Clarke
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Newell W Johnson
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport 4222, Queensland, Australia; Understanding Chronic Conditions Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Australia.
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17
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Rastogi N, Duggal S, Singh SK, Porwal K, Srivastava VK, Maurya R, Bhatt MLB, Mishra DP. Proteasome inhibition mediates p53 reactivation and anti-cancer activity of 6-gingerol in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43310-25. [PMID: 26621832 PMCID: PMC4791234 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) expressing E6 and E7 oncoproteins, is known to inactivate the tumor suppressor p53 through proteasomal degradation in cervical cancers. Therefore, use of small molecules for inhibition of proteasome function and induction of p53 reactivation is a promising strategy for induction of apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. The polyphenolic alkanone, 6-Gingerol (6G), present in the pungent extracts of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has shown potent anti-tumorigenic and pro-apoptotic activities against a variety of cancers. In this study we explored the molecular mechanism of action of 6G in human cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 6G potently inhibited proliferation of the HPV positive cervical cancer cells. 6G was found to: (i) inhibit the chymotrypsin activity of proteasomes, (ii) induce reactivation of p53, (iii) increase levels of p21, (iv) induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest, (v) alter expression levels of p53-associated apoptotic markers like, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP, and (vi) potentiate the cytotoxicity of cisplatin. 6G treatment induced significant reduction of tumor volume, tumor weight, proteasome inhibition and p53 accumulation in HeLa xenograft tumor cells in vivo. The 6G treatment was devoid of toxic effects as it did not affect body weights, hematological and osteogenic parameters. Taken together, our data underscores the therapeutic and chemosensitizing effects of 6G in the management and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rastogi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Shivali Duggal
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Konica Porwal
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - M L B Bhatt
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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18
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Li L, Xu C, Long J, Shen D, Zhou W, Zhou Q, Yang J, Jiang M. E6 and E7 gene silencing results in decreased methylation of tumor suppressor genes and induces phenotype transformation of human cervical carcinoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23930-43. [PMID: 26329329 PMCID: PMC4695162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In SiHa and CaSki cells, E6 and E7-targeting shRNA specifically and effectively knocked down human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 and E7 at the transcriptional level, reduced the E6 and E7 mRNA levels by more than 80% compared with control cells that expressed a scrambled-sequence shRNA. E6 and E7 repression resulted in down-regulation of DNA methyltransferase mRNA and protein expression, decreased DNA methylation and increased mRNA expression levels of tumor suppressor genes, induced a certain apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in E6 and E7 shRNA-infected SiHa and CaSki cells compared with the uninfected cells. Repression of E6 and E7 oncogenes resulted in restoration of DNA methyltransferase suppressor pathways and induced apoptosis in HPV16-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines. Our findings suggest that the potential carcinogenic mechanism of HPV16 through influencing DNA methylation pathway to activate the development of cervical cancer exist, and maybe as a candidate therapeutic strategy for cervical and other HPV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Danbei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Wuqing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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19
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Baek N, Seo OW, Lee J, Hulme J, An SSA. Real-time monitoring of cisplatin cytotoxicity on three-dimensional spheroid tumor cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2155-65. [PMID: 27445462 PMCID: PMC4938242 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultivation is a powerful technique for monitoring and understanding diverse cellular mechanisms in developmental cancer and neuronal biology, tissue engineering, and drug development. 3D systems could relate better to in vivo models than two-dimensional (2D) cultures. Several factors, such as cell type, survival rate, proliferation rate, and gene and protein expression patterns, determine whether a particular cell line can be adapted to a 3D system. The 3D system may overcome some of the limitations of 2D cultures in terms of cell–cell communication and cell networks, which are essential for understanding differentiation, structural organization, shape, and extended connections with other cells or organs. Here, the effect of the anticancer drug cisplatin, also known as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) or CDDP, on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation was investigated using 3D spheroid-forming cells and real-time monitoring for 7 days. First, 12 cell lines were screened for their ability to form 3D spheroids: prostate (DU145), testis (F9), embryonic fibroblast (NIH-3T3), muscle (C2C12), embryonic kidney (293T), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cell (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), HeLa contaminant (HEp2), pituitary epithelial-like cell (GH3), embryonic cell (PA317), and osteosarcoma (U-2OS) cells. Of these, eight cell lines were selected: NIH-3T3, C2C12, 293T, SH-SY5Y, A549, HeLa, PA317, and U-2OS; and five underwent real-time monitoring of CDDP cytotoxicity: HeLa, A549, 293T, SH-SY5Y, and U-2OS. ATP generation was blocked 1 day after addition of 50 μM CDDP, but cytotoxicity in HeLa, A549, SH-SY5Y, and U-2OS cells could be visualized only 4 days after treatment. In 293T cells, CDDP failed to kill entirely the culture and ATP generation was only partially blocked after 1 day. This suggests potential CDDP resistance of 293T cells or metabolic clearance of the drug. Real-time monitoring and ATP measurements directly confirmed the cytotoxicity of CDDP, indicating that CDDP may interfere with mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- NamHuk Baek
- Department of Research and Development, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul
| | - Ok Won Seo
- Department of Research and Development, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul
| | - Jaehwa Lee
- Department of Research and Development, NanoEntek Inc., Seoul
| | - John Hulme
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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20
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Dual regulation of energy metabolism by p53 in human cervix and breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:3266-78. [PMID: 26434996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The role of p53 as modulator of OxPhos and glycolysis was analyzed in HeLa-L (cells containing negligible p53 protein levels) and HeLa-H (p53-overexpressing) human cervix cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia. In normoxia, functional p53, mitochondrial enzyme contents, mitochondrial electrical potential (ΔΨm) and OxPhos flux increased in HeLa-H vs. HeLa-L cells; whereas their glycolytic enzyme contents and glycolysis flux were unchanged. OxPhos provided more than 70% of the cellular ATP and proliferation was abolished by anti-mitochondrial drugs in HeLa-H cells. In hypoxia, both cell proliferations were suppressed, but HeLa-H cells exhibited a significant decrease in OxPhos protein contents, ΔΨm and OxPhos flux. Although glycolytic function was also diminished vs. HeLa-L cells in hypoxia, glycolysis provided more than 60% of cellular ATP in HeLa-H cells. The energy metabolism phenotype of HeLa-H cells was reverted to that of HeLa-L cells by incubating with pifithrin-α, a p53-inhibitor. In normoxia, the energy metabolism phenotype of breast cancer MCF-7 cells was similar to that of HeLa-H cells, whereas p53shRNAMCF-7 cells resembled the HeLa-L cell phenotype. In hypoxia, autophagy proteins and lysosomes contents increased 2-5 times in HeLa-H cells suggesting mitophagy activation. These results indicated that under normoxia p53 up-regulated OxPhos without affecting glycolysis, whereas under hypoxia, p53 down-regulated both OxPhos (severely) and glycolysis (weakly). These p53 effects appeared mediated by the formation of p53-HIF-1α complexes. Therefore, p53 exerts a dual and contrasting regulatory role on cancer energy metabolism, depending on the O₂level.
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21
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Human Papillomavirus: Current and Future RNAi Therapeutic Strategies for Cervical Cancer. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1126-55. [PMID: 26239469 PMCID: PMC4470221 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses; some oncogenic ones can cause different types of cancer, in particular cervical cancer. HPV-associated carcinogenesis provides a classical model system for RNA interference (RNAi) based cancer therapies, because the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 that cause cervical cancer are expressed only in cancerous cells. Previous studies on the development of therapeutic RNAi facilitated the advancement of therapeutic siRNAs and demonstrated its versatility by siRNA-mediated depletion of single or multiple cellular/viral targets. Sequence-specific gene silencing using RNAi shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of diseases that currently lack effective treatments. However, siRNA-based targeting requires further validation of its efficacy in vitro and in vivo, for its potential off-target effects, and of the design of conventional therapies to be used in combination with siRNAs and their drug delivery vehicles. In this review we discuss what is currently known about HPV-associated carcinogenesis and the potential for combining siRNA with other treatment strategies for the development of future therapies. Finally, we present our assessment of the most promising path to the development of RNAi therapeutic strategies for clinical settings.
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Long (27-nucleotides) small inhibitory RNAs targeting E6 protein eradicate effectively the cervical cancer cells harboring human papilloma virus. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2015; 58:210-6. [PMID: 26023670 PMCID: PMC4444517 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2015.58.3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was to identify small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) that are effective in inhibiting growth of cervical cancer cell lines harboring human papilloma virus (HPV) and to examine how siRNAs interact with interferon beta (IFN-β) and thimerosal. Methods The HPV18-positive HeLa and C-4I cell lines were used. Four types of siRNAs were designed according to their target (both E6 and E7 vs. E6 only) and sizes (21- vs. 27-nucleotides); Ex-18E6/21, Ex-18E6/27, Sp-18E6/21, and Sp-18E6/27. Each siRNA-transfected cells were cultured with or without IFN-b and thimerosal and their viability was measured. Results The viabilities of HPV18-positive tumor cells were reduced by 21- and 27-nucleotide siRNAs in proportion to the siRNA concentrations. Of the two types of siRNAs, the 27-nucleotide siRNA constructs showed greater inhibitory efficacy. Sp-18E6 siRNAs, which selectively downregulates E6 protein only, were more effective than the E6- and E7-targeting Ex-18E6 siRNAs. siRNAs and IFN-β showed the synergistic effect to inhibit HeLa cell survival and the effect was proportional to both siRNA and IFN-β concentrations. Thimerosal in the presence of siRNA exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of C-4I cell survival. Finally, co-treatment with siRNA, IFN-β, and thimerosal induced the most profound decrease in the viability of both cell lines. Conclusion Long (27-nucleotides) siRNAs targeting E6-E7 mRNAs effectively reduce the viability of HPV18-positive cervical cancer cells and show the synergistic effect in combination with IFN-b and thimerosal. It is necessary to find the rational design of siRNAs and effective co-factors to eradicate particular cervical cancer.
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Utility of microRNAs and siRNAs in cervical carcinogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:374924. [PMID: 25874209 PMCID: PMC4385600 DOI: 10.1155/2015/374924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs and siRNAs belong to a family of small noncoding RNAs which bind through partial sequence complementarity to 3'-UTR regions of mRNA from target genes, resulting in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs have become an attractive target for genetic and pharmacological modulation due to the critical function of their target proteins in several signaling pathways, and their expression profiles have been found to be altered in various cancers. A promising technology platform for selective silencing of cell and/or viral gene expression using siRNAs is currently in development. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women in the developing world and sexually transmitted infection with HPV is the cause of this malignancy. Therefore, a cascade of abnormal events is induced during cervical carcinogenesis, including the induction of genomic instability, reprogramming of cellular metabolic pathways, deregulation of cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms, disruption of cell cycle control mechanisms, and alteration of gene expression. Thus, in the present review article, we highlight new research on microRNA expression profiles which may be utilized as biomarkers for cervical cancer. Furthermore, we discuss selective silencing of HPV E6 and E7 with siRNAs which represents a potential gene therapy strategy against cervical cancer.
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Lechanteur A, Furst T, Evrard B, Delvenne P, Hubert P, Piel G. Development of anti-E6 pegylated lipoplexes for mucosal application in the context of cervical preneoplastic lesions. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:268-77. [PMID: 25701628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the fourth highest mortality causing cancer in women despite the use of prophylactic vaccines. E6 targeting represents an attractive strategy to treat this cancer. Indeed, oncoprotein E6 is produced by keratinocytes infected by HPV and is partially responsible for carcinogenesis. E6 interferes with the apoptosis process in stressed cells by degradation of p53 tumor suppressor gene. Our strategy consists in using E6 siRNA complexed with pegylated lipoplexes. The addition of hydrophilic polymer around the nanoparticles is crucial to use them by vaginal application on account of cervicovaginal mucus. Physicochemical characteristics were evaluated and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate transfection potential, E6 mRNA extinction and p53 re-expression. Cationic liposomes DOTAP/Cholesterol/DOPE 1/0.75/0.5 (N/P 2.5) with or without 50% DSPE-PEG2000 and associated with siE6 have demonstrated good physicochemical characteristics in terms of complexation, size, surface charge and stability. Both lipoplexes have been tested on CaSki cell line (HPV 16+) with 50 nM and 100 nM of siE6. Lipoplexes formulations induce 30-40% of E6 mRNA extinction and induce the re-expression of p53. In conclusion, pegylated anti-E6 lipoplexes have demonstrated their efficiency to cross the cellular membrane and to release siRNA into the cytoplasm confirmed by final p53 protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Tania Furst
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Pascale Hubert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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25
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Nin DS, Huang W, Ali M, Yew CW, Kutateladze TG, Deng LW. O-GlcNAcylation of MLL5β is essential for MLL5β-AP-1 transcription complex assembly at the HPV16/18-long control region. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:180-3. [PMID: 25670814 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Weitai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Muzaffar Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chow Wenn Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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Serrano-Olvera A, Cetina L, Coronel J, Dueñas-González A. Emerging drugs for the treatment of cervical cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:165-82. [PMID: 25578210 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1002768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, most cervical cancer (CC) patients require the use of drug therapy either adjuvant, concurrent with radiation or palliative. AREAS COVERED This review briefly discusses the current achievements in treating CC with an emphasis in emerging agents. EXPERT OPINION Concurrent cisplatin with radiation and lately, gemcitabine-cisplatin chemoradiation has resulted in small but significant improvements in the treatment of locally advanced and high-risk early-stage patients. So far, only antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab added to cisplatin chemoradiation has demonstrated safety and encouraging results in a Phase II study. In advanced disease, cisplatin doublets yield median survival rates not exceeding 14 months. The first Phase III study of bevacizumab, added to standard chemotherapy cisplatin- or non-cisplatin-containing doublet, has shown significant increase in both overall survival and progression-free survival. Further studies are needed before bevacizumab plus chemotherapy can be considered the standard of care for advanced disease. The characterization of the mutational landscape of CC and developments of novel targeted therapies may result in more effective and individualized treatments for CC. The potential efficacy of knocking down the key alterations in CC, E6 and E7 human papilloma virus oncoproteins must not be overlooked.
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Zagni C, Guimarães DM, Salerno L, Punzo F, Squarize CH, Mineo PG, Romeo G, Rescifina A. An α1-adrenergic receptor ligand repurposed as a potent antiproliferative agent for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we report the anticancer properties of RN5-Me, an α1-adrenergic receptor ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology
| | - Douglas Magno Guimarães
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Francesco Punzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Cristiane H. Squarize
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Placido Giuseppe Mineo
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici
- 98158 Messina
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and I.N.S.T.M. UdR of Catania
- Università di Catania
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Catania
- 95125 Catania
- Italy
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Gu W, McMillan N, Yu C. Silencing of E6/E7 expression in cervical cancer stem-like cells. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1249:173-182. [PMID: 25348305 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2013-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the tumor recurrence and metastasis, the two major causes of cancer-related death. Therefore, CSC-targeted cancer therapy is important for the future development of more effective and advanced cancer therapy. One of the approaches is to specifically silence oncogene expression in CSCs and inhibit their growth. The significance of this approach is its specificity and ability to avoid multi-drug resistance of CSCs. In this chapter, we will describe a method of silencing HPV oncogenes E6/E7 in human cervical CSCs using HeLa cells as a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Duenas-Gonzalez A, Serrano-Olvera A, Cetina L, Coronel J. New molecular targets against cervical cancer. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6:1023-31. [PMID: 25525394 PMCID: PMC4266260 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s49471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women. Major advances but still insufficient achievements in the treatment of locally advanced and high-risk early stage patients have occurred in the last decade with the incorporation of concurrent cisplatin with radiation and, lately, gemcitabine added to cisplatin chemoradiation. Despite a number of clinical studies incorporating molecular-targeted therapy as radiosensitizers being in progress, so far, only antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab added to cisplatin chemoradiation has demonstrated safety and shown encouraging results in a Phase II study. In advanced disease, cisplatin doublets do not have a great impact on the natural history of the disease with median survival rates not exceeding 13 months. The first Phase III study of bevacizumab, added to cisplatin or a non-cisplatin-containing doublet, showed significant increase in both overall survival and progression-free survival. Further studies are needed before bevacizumab plus chemotherapy can be considered the standard of care for advanced disease. Characterization of the mutational landscape of cervical cancer has already been initiated, indicating that, for now, few of these targetable alterations match with available agents. Progress in both the mutational landscape knowledge and developments of novel targeted therapies may result in more effective and individualized treatments for cervical cancer. The potential efficacy of knocking down the key alterations in cervical cancer – E6 and E7 human papillomavirus oncoproteins – must not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Unit of Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico ; ISSEMyM Cancer Center, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Lucely Cetina
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Coronel
- Division of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zheng CH, Quan Y, Li YY, Deng WG, Shao WJ, Fu Y. Expression of transcription factor FOXC2 in cervical cancer and effects of silencing on cervical cancer cell proliferation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1589-95. [PMID: 24641373 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forkhead box C2 (FOXC2) is a member of the winged helix/forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors. It has been suggested to regulate tumor vasculature, growth, invasion and metastasis, although it has not been studied in cervical cancer. Here, we analyzed FOXC2 expression in cervical tissues corresponding to different stages of cervical cancer development and examined its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. In addition, we examined the effects of targeting FOXC2 on the biological behavior of human cervical cancer cells. METHODS The expression of FOXC2 in normal human cervix, CIN I-III and cervical cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared among the three groups and between cervical cancers with different pathological subtypes. Endogenous expression of FOXC2 was transiently knocked down in human Hela and SiHa cervical cells by siRNA, and cell viability and migration were examined by scratch and CCK8 assays, respectively. RESULTS In normal cervical tissue the frequency of positive staining was 25% (10/40 cases), with a staining intensity (PI) of 0.297 ± 0.520, in CIN was 65% (26/40 cases), with a PI of 3.00 ± 3.29, and in cancer was 91.8% (68/74 cases), with a PI of 5.568 ± 3.449. The frequency was 100% in adenocarcinoma (5/5 cases) and 91.3% in SCCs (63/69 cases). The FOXC2 positive expression rate was 88.5% in patients with cervical SCC stage I and 100% in stage II, showing significant differences compared with normal cervix and CIN. With age, pathologic differentiation degree and tumor size, FOXC2 expression showed no significant variation. On transient transfection of Hela and SiHa cells, FOXC2-siRNA inhibition rates were 76.2% and 75.7%; CCK8 results showed reduced proliferation and relative migration (in Hela cells from 64.5 ± 3.16 to 49.5 ± 9.24 and in SiHa cells from 60.1 ± 3.05 to 44.3 ± 3.98) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FOXC2 gene expression increases with malignancy, especially with blood vessel hyperplasia and invasion degree. Targeted silencing was associated with reduced cell proliferation as well as invasion potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Zheng
- Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China E-mail : FU Yan:
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Haigh O, Depelsenaire AC, Meliga SC, Yukiko SR, McMillan NA, Frazer IH, Kendall MA. CXCL1 gene silencing in skin using liposome-encapsulated siRNA delivered by microprojection array. J Control Release 2014; 194:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nin DS, Yew CW, Tay SK, Deng LW. Targeted silencing of MLL5β inhibits tumor growth and promotes gamma-irradiation sensitization in HPV16/18-associated cervical cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2572-82. [PMID: 25172963 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel MLL5 isoform, MLL5β, which was essential for E6 and E7 transcriptional activation in HPV16/18-associated cervical cancers. In this report, we investigated the potential of RNAi-mediated silencing of MLL5β through the use of MLL5β-siRNA as a novel therapeutic strategy for HPV16/18-positive cervical cancer. We observed concurrent downregulation of E6 and E7 after MLL5β silencing, leading to growth inhibition via the activation of apoptosis and senescence in the HeLa cell model. This corresponded with the enhanced antitumor effects of MLL5β-siRNA compared with E6- or E7-siRNA single treatments. Significant reduction in tumor size after MLLβ-siRNA treatment in the HeLa xenograft tumor model further emphasized the importance of MLL5β in HPV16/18-associated tumor growth and the potential of RNAi therapeutics that target MLL5β. We also identified MLL5β as a modulator of gamma-irradiation (IR) sensitization properties of cisplatin. We observed that while MLL5β silencing alone was enough to evoke cisplatin-like IR sensitization in tumor cells in vitro, overexpression of MLL5β inhibited the ability of cisplatin to sensitize HeLa cells to IR-induced cytotoxicity. MLL5β-siRNA-IR cotreatment was also observed to enhance tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential of targeted silencing of MLL5β via the use of MLL5β-siRNA as a novel therapeutic strategy and propose that MLL5β-siRNA could be a viable alternative for cisplatin in the current cisplatin-based chemotherapeutics for HPV16/18-associated cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Sijin Nin
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chow Wenn Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sun Kuie Tay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gynaecologic Oncology Section, Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih-Wen Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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DNA binding, docking studies, artificial nuclease activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of newly synthesized steroidal 1H–pyrimidines. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hartono SB, Yu M, Gu W, Yang J, Strounina E, Wang X, Qiao S, Yu C. Synthesis of multi-functional large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles as gene carriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:055701. [PMID: 24406311 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/5/055701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of functional nanocarriers that can enhance the cellular delivery of a variety of nucleic acid agents is important in many biomedical applications such as siRNA therapy. We report the synthesis of large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LPMSN) loaded with iron oxide and covalently modified by polyethyleneimine (denoted PEI-Fe-LPMSN) as carriers for gene delivery. The LPMSN have a particle size of ∼200 nm and a large pore size of 11 nm. The large pore size is essential for the formation of large iron oxide nanoparticles to increase the magnetic properties and the adsorption capacity of siRNA molecules. The magnetic property facilitates the cellular uptake of nanocarriers under an external magnetic field. PEI is covalently grafted on the silica surface to enhance the nanocarriers' affinity against siRNA molecules and to improve gene silencing performance. The PEI-Fe-LPMSN delivered siRNA-PLK1 effectively into osteosarcoma cancer cells, leading to cell viability inhibition of 80%, higher compared to the 50% reduction when the same dose of siRNA was delivered by a commercial product, oligofectamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy B Hartono
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contribute to about 10-15 % global burden of human cancers. Conventional chemotherapy or molecular target therapies have been used to treat virus-associated cancers. However, a more proactive approach would be the use of antiviral treatment to suppress or eliminate viral infections to prevent the occurrence of cancer in the first place. Antiviral treatments against chronic HBV and HCV infections have achieved this goal, with significant reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in treated patients. Antiviral treatments for EBV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) had limited success in treating refractory EBV-associated lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, KSHV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients, and HTLV-1-associated acute, chronic, and smoldering subtypes of adult T-cell lymphoma, respectively. Therapeutic HPV vaccine and RNA-interference-based therapies for treating HPV-associated cervical cancers also showed some encouraging results. Taken together, antiviral therapies have yielded promising results in cancer prevention and treatment. More large-scale studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of antiviral therapy. Further investigation for more effective and convenient antiviral regimens warrants more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Khairuddin N, Blake SJ, Firdaus F, Steptoe RJ, Behlke MA, Hertzog PJ, McMillan NAJ. In vivo comparison of local versus systemic delivery of immunostimulating siRNA in HPV-driven tumours. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:156-63. [PMID: 24217808 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to inhibit oncogene expression and also to activate innate immune responses via Toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition have been shown to be beneficial as anti-cancer therapy in certain cancer models. In this study, we investigated the effects of local versus systemic delivery of such immune-stimulating Dicer-substrate siRNAs (IS-DsiRNAs) on a human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven tumour model. Localized siRNA delivery using intratumour injection of siRNA was able to increase siRNA delivery to the tumour compared with intravenous (IV) delivery and potently activated innate immune responses. However, IV injection remained the more effective delivery route for reducing tumour growth. Although IS-DsiRNAs activated innate immune cells and required interferon-α (IFNα) for full effect on tumour growth, we found that potent silencing siRNA acting independently of IFNα were overall more effective at inhibiting TC-1 tumour growth. Other published work utilising IS-siRNAs have been carried out on tumour models with low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-class 1, a target of natural killer cells that are potently activated by IS-siRNA. As TC-1 cells used in our study express high levels of MHC-class I, the addition of the immunostimulatory motifs may not be as beneficial in this particular tumour model. Our data suggest that selection of siRNA profile and delivery method based on tumour environment is crucial to developing siRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norliana Khairuddin
- 1] The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [2] Immunotherapeutics Laboratory (ITL) and Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen J Blake
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Farah Firdaus
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A Behlke
- Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT), Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- Monash Institute of Medical Research (MIMR), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- 1] The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [2] School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Gu W, Jia Z, Truong NP, Prasadam I, Xiao Y, Monteiro MJ. Polymer Nanocarrier System for Endosome Escape and Timed Release of siRNA with Complete Gene Silencing and Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3386-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm401139e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gu
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute
of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Wang Z, Ding Z, Ding C, Yu S, Dang Y, Guo Y, Yang J, Meng Q, Liu J, Cong Y. Inhibition of Newcastle Disease Virus Replication by Lentivirus-Mediated RNA Interference. Avian Dis 2013; 57:260-5. [DOI: 10.1637/10468-121612-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nagel R, Martens-de Kemp SR, Buijze M, Jacobs G, Braakhuis BJM, Brakenhoff RH. Treatment response of HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:560-6. [PMID: 23578372 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.03.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important risk factor for development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Strikingly, HPV-positive HNSCCs have a more favorable prognosis than their HPV-negative counterparts. The current study was designed to explain this favorable prognosis of HPV-positive HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was performed by investigating the response of four HPV-positive and fourteen HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines to cisplatin, cetuximab and radiation. RESULTS Analysis of the responses of this cell line panel indicated that HPV-positive cells are more resistant to cisplatin treatment than the HPV-negative HNSCCs, whereas the response to radiation and cetuximab did not differ. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that the favorable prognosis for patients with HPV-positive HNSCC does not seem to be related to an intrinsic sensitivity of these tumor cells to chemotherapy or radiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Nagel
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head-Neck Surgery, VU Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Singhania R, Khairuddin N, Clarke D, McMillan NA. RNA interference for the treatment of papillomavirus disease. Open Virol J 2012; 6:204-15. [PMID: 23341856 PMCID: PMC3547394 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-induced diseases are a significant burden on our healthcare system and current therapies are not curative. Vaccination provides significant prophylactic protection but effective therapeutic treatments will still be required. RNA interference (RNAi) has great promise in providing highly specific therapies for all HPV diseases yet this promise has not been realised. Here we review the research into RNAi therapy for HPV in vitro and in vivo and examine the various targets and outcomes. We discuss the idea of using RNAi with current treatments and address delivery of RNAi, the major issue holding back clinical adoption. Finally, we present our view of a potential path to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singhania
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Ruthenium oligonucleotides, targeting HPV16 E6 oncogene, inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells under illumination by a mechanism involving p53. Gene Ther 2012; 20:435-43. [PMID: 22809997 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-risk Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) has been found to be associated with carcinomas of the cervix, penis, vulva/vagina, anus, mouth and oro-pharynx. As the main tumorigenic effects of the HPV have been attributed to the expression of E6 and E7 genes, different gene therapy approaches have been directed to block their expression such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), ribozymes and small interfering RNAs. In order to develop a gene-specific therapy for HPV-related cancers, we investigated a potential therapeutic strategy of gene silencing activated under illumination. Our aim according to this antisense therapy consisted in regulating the HPV16 E6 oncogene by using an E6-ASO derivatized with a polyazaaromatic ruthenium (Ru(II)) complex (E6-Ru-ASO) able, under visible illumination, to crosslink irreversibly the targeted sequence. We examined the effects of E6-Ru-ASO on the expression of E6 and on the cell growth of cervical cancer cells. We demonstrated using HPV16(+) SiHa cervical cancer cells that E6-Ru-ASO induces after illumination, a reactivation of p53, the most important target of E6, as well as the inhibition of cell proliferation with a selective repression of E6 at the protein level. These results suggest that E6-Ru ASOs, activated under illumination and specifically targeting E6, are capable of inhibiting HPV16(+) cervical cancer cell proliferation.
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Saengkrit N, Sanitrum P, Woramongkolchai N, Saesoo S, Pimpha N, Chaleawlert-Umpon S, Tencomnao T, Puttipipatkhachorn S. The PEI-introduced CS shell/PMMA core nanoparticle for silencing the expression of E6/E7 oncogenes in human cervical cells. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1323-9. [PMID: 22939347 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the potential of cationic nanoparticle - polyethyleneimine-introduced chitosan shell/poly (methyl methacrylate) core nanoparticles (CS-PEI) for siRNA delivery. Initially, DNA delivery was performed to validate the capability of CS-PEI for gene delivery in the human cervical cancer cell line, SiHa. siRNA delivery were subsequently carried out to evaluate the silencing effect on targeted E6 and E7 oncogenes. Physicochemical properties including size, zeta potential and morphology of CS-PEI/DNA and CS-PEI/siRNA complexes, were analyzed. The surface charges and sizes of the complexes were observed at different N/P ratios. The hydrodynamic sizes of the CS-PEI/DNA and CS-PEI/siRNA were approximately 300-400 and 400-500nm, respectively. Complexes were positively charged depending on the amount of added CS-PEI. AFM images revealed the mono-dispersed and spherical shapes of the complexes. Gel retardation assay confirmed that CS-PEI nanoparticles completely formed complexes with DNA and siRNA at a N/P ratio of 1.6. For DNA transfection, CS-PEI provided the highest transfection result. Localization of siRNA delivered through CS-PEI was confirmed by differential interference contrast (DIC) confocal imaging. The silencing effect of siRNA specific to HPV 16 E6/E7 oncogene was examined at 18 and 24h post-transfection. The results demonstrated the capacity of CS-PEI to suppress the expression of HVP oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattika Saengkrit
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Zhang H, Ouyang D, Murthy V, Wong Y, Xu Z, Smith SC. Hydrotalcite Intercalated siRNA: Computational Characterization of the Interlayer Environment. Pharmaceutics 2012; 4:296-313. [PMID: 24300233 PMCID: PMC3834912 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics4020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explore the structural and dynamical properties of siRNA within the intercalated environment of a Mg:Al 2:1 Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticle. An ab initio force field (Condensed-phase Optimized Molecular Potentials for Atomistic Simulation Studies: COMPASS) is used for the MD simulations of the hybrid organic-inorganic systems. The structure, arrangement, mobility, close contacts and hydrogen bonds associated with the intercalated RNA are examined and contrasted with those of the isolated RNA. Computed powder X-ray diffraction patterns are also compared with related LDH-DNA experiments. As a method of probing whether the intercalated environment approximates the crystalline or rather the aqueous state, we explore the stability of the principle parameters (e.g., the major groove width) that differentiate both A- and A'- crystalline forms of siRNA and contrast this with recent findings for the same siRNA simulated in water. We find the crystalline forms remain structurally distinct when intercalated, whereas this is not the case in water. Implications for the stability of hybrid LDH-RNA systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Centre for Computational Molecular Science, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Brisbane, Australia;
- ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Brisbane, Australia;
| | - Defang Ouyang
- School of Life & Health Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Vinuthaa Murthy
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT 0909, Australia;
| | - Yunyi Wong
- School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, 500 Dover Road, Singapore 139651;
| | - Zhiping Xu
- ARC Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Brisbane, Australia;
| | - Sean C. Smith
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6496, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1- 865-574-5081; Fax: +1-865-574-1753
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Dueñas-Gonzalez A, Cetina L, Coronel J, Cervantes-Madrid D. Emerging drugs for cervical cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:203-18. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.683409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cisplatin sensitivity and mechanisms of anti-HPV16 E6-ribozyme on cervical carcinoma CaSKi cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-011-0949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hartono SB, Gu W, Kleitz F, Liu J, He L, Middelberg APJ, Yu C, Lu GQM, Qiao SZ. Poly-L-lysine functionalized large pore cubic mesostructured silica nanoparticles as biocompatible carriers for gene delivery. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2104-2117. [PMID: 22385282 DOI: 10.1021/nn2039643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LP-MSNs) functionalized with poly-L-lysine (PLL) were designed as a new carrier material for gene delivery applications. The synthesized LP-MSNs are 100-200 nm in diameter and are composed of cage-like pores organized in a cubic mesostructure. The size of the cavities is about 28 nm with an entrance size of 13.4 nm. Successful grafting of PLL onto the silica surface through covalent immobilization was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state (13)C magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transformed infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result of the particle modification with PLL, a significant increase of the nanoparticle binding capacity for oligo-DNAs was observed compared to the native unmodified silica particles. Consequently, PLL-functionalized nanoparticles exhibited a strong ability to deliver oligo DNA-Cy3 (a model for siRNA) to Hela cells. Furthermore, PLL-functionalized nanoparticles were proven to be superior as gene carriers compared to amino-functionalized nanoparticles and the native nanoparticles. The system was tested to deliver functional siRNA against minibrain-related kinase and polo-like kinase 1 in osteosarcoma cancer cells. Here, the functionalized particles demonstrated great potential for efficient gene transfer into cancer cells as a decrease of the cellular viability of the osteosarcoma cancer cells was induced. Moreover, the PLL-modified silica nanoparticles also exhibit a high biocompatibility, with low cytotoxicity observed up to 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy B Hartono
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
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Tan S, Hougardy BMT, Meersma GJ, Schaap B, de Vries EGE, van der Zee AGJ, de Jong S. Human Papilloma Virus 16 E6 RNA Interference Enhances Cisplatin and Death Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81:701-9. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.076539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Molecular Mechanism and Potential Targets for Blocking HPV-Induced Lesion Development. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:278312. [PMID: 22220169 PMCID: PMC3246776 DOI: 10.1155/2012/278312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is the etiologic agent associated with the development of cervical cancer (CC) development. However, environmental, social, epidemiological, genetic, and host factors may have a joint influence on the risk of disease progression. Cervical lesions caused by HPV infection can be removed naturally by the host immune response and only a small percentage may progress to cancer; thus, the immune response is essential for the control of precursor lesions and CC. We present a review of recent research on the molecular mechanisms that allow HPV-infected cells to evade immune surveillance and potential targets of molecular therapy to inhibit tumor immune escape.
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Olthof NC, Straetmans JMJAA, Snoeck R, Ramaekers FCS, Kremer B, Speel EJM. Next-generation treatment strategies for human papillomavirus-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: where do we go? Rev Med Virol 2011; 22:88-105. [PMID: 21984561 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently recognised as a major risk factor for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). HPV is mostly detected in tumours arising from the oropharynx and more specifically from the tonsil. HPV-related tumours display clinical and molecular characteristics that are distinct from HPV-unrelated tumours, which are generally induced by alcohol and tobacco abuse. Detection of biologically active HPV in HNSCC has prognostic relevance, which warrants the separate classification of HPV-induced tumours and is a prerequisite for further optimisation of treatment protocols for this distinct group. Current guidelines for the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have not incorporated specific treatment modalities for HPV-related tumours. The development of such treatment options is still in a preclinical phase or in early clinical trials. Recent data on treatment response of OPSCC have been obtained by retrospectively analysing HPV-status and indicate that patients with HPV-related tumours show a favourable prognosis, independent of the type of treatment. These patients may benefit from de-intensified treatment, which should be assessed in prospective clinical trials. The development and future use of new antiviral and immunomodulatory therapeutics may be instrumental in this approach to improve survival rates and decrease disease-and-treatment-related morbidity. In this review we will focus on present therapeutic HPV-targeting strategies and discuss future directions for de-intensified treatment of HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine C Olthof
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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