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The effects of lipoic acid on respiratory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116. [PMCID: PMC9933494 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, including lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and the recently emerging fatal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), are the leading causes of illness and death worldwide. The increasing incidence and mortality rates have attracted much attention to the prevention and treatment of these conditions. Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring organosulfur compound, is not only essential for mitochondrial aerobic metabolism but also shows therapeutic potential via certain pharmacological effects (e.g., antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects). In recent years, accumulating evidence (animal experiments and in vitro studies) has suggested a role of LA in ameliorating many respiratory diseases (e.g., lung cancer, fibrosis, asthma, acute lung injury and smoking-induced lung injury). Therefore, this review will provide an overview of the present investigational evidence on the therapeutic effect of LA against respiratory diseases in vitro and in vivo. We also summarize the corresponding mechanisms of action to inspire further basic studies and clinical trials to confirm the health benefits of LA in the context of respiratory diseases.
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Key Words
- lipoic acid
- respiratory diseases
- antioxidation
- anti-inflammatory effects
- mechanism of action
- akt, protein kinase b;
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor;
- ampk, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase;
- α-sma, alpha-smooth muscle actin;
- bcl-2, b-cell lymphoma 2;
- cox-2, cyclooxygenase-2;
- dna, deoxyribonucleic acid;
- er, endoplasmic reticulum;
- erk, extracellular-regulated kinase;
- egfr, epidermal growth factor receptor;
- gr, glutathione reductase;
- gpx, glutathione peroxidase;
- grb2, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2;
- gsh, reduced glutathione;
- gssg, oxidized glutathione;
- hif, hypoxia-inducible factor;
- ho-1, heme oxygenase 1;
- keap-1, kelch-like ech-associated protein 1;
- ig-e, immunoglobulin e;
- il, interleukin
- oct-4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4;
- parp-1, poly (adp-ribose) polymerase-1;
- pdk1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1;
- pdh, pyruvate dehydrogenase;
- pi3k, phosphoinositide 3-kinase;
- pge2, prostaglandin e2;
- pgc1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor‑γ co-activator 1α;
- p70s6k, p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase;
- fak, focal adhesion kinase;
- sod, superoxide dismutase;
- mapk, mitogen-activated protein kinase;
- mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin;
- nf-κb, nuclear factor-kappa b;
- no, nitric oxide;
- nox-4, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) oxidase-4;
- nqo1, nadph quinone oxidoreductase 1;
- tnf-α, tumor necrosis factor-α;
- tgf-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1;
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor;
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2
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Luu Quoc Q, Cao Thi Bich T, Kim SH, Park HS, Shin YS. Administration of vitamin E attenuates airway inflammation through restoration of Nrf2 in a mouse model of asthma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6721-6732. [PMID: 34089243 PMCID: PMC8278095 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that ROS is one of the key mediators that contribute to the development of asthma. Studies on antioxidants have shown to have beneficial effects on asthma management. However, we still do not know the precise mechanism, and the effects depend on age. This study was conducted to assess the levels of ROS and the effect of antioxidants in younger and older mice using an eosinophilic asthma model. We analyzed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammatory cell counts, and the expression levels of NFκB, Nrf2, EPx, and EDN in the lung tissue, as well as the level of ROS in the lung tissue and BALF. The degree of eosinophilia and the levels of IL-5, ROS, and NFκB were significantly increased, whereas the endogenous levels of vitamin E and Nrf2 were decreased in the lung and BALF in the older mice compared to younger mice. The administration of vitamin E attenuated AHR, airway inflammation, and the level of IL-13 and ROS and enhanced the Nrf2 level in the older mice compared to the younger mice. Taken together, vitamin E treatment may have the therapeutic potential through restoration of the Nrf2 level, especially in elderly asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tra Cao Thi Bich
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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Almohawes ZN, Alruhaimi HS. Effect of Lavandula dentata extract on Ovalbumin-induced Asthma in Male Guinea Pigs. BRAZ J BIOL 2020; 80:87-96. [PMID: 31017237 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.191485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs, and it causes oxidative stress. Lavandula dentata is an aromatic herb with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study examined the activity of L. dentata extract on a guinea pig model of asthma. Adult males were divided into five groups: First group was control, second was asthma model induced by OVA, third was treated with L. dentata extract orally (300 mg/kg) for 21 days; the fourth was an asthma model with L. dentata extract (300 mg/kg) and fifth was treated with Tween 80 for 21 days. OVA treatment increased IgE, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose levels in serum, WBC count in blood and MDA in lungs. Also, OVA reduced SOD activity, GSH content in lungs, and GGT activity in serum (p<0.05). L. dentata extract treatment in asthma model reduced elevated IgE, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose levels in serum, and MDA in lungs (p<0.05), while it increased GSH content in lungs (p<0.05). These results suggest the possibility that L . dentata extract can exert suppressive effects on asthma, and may provide evidence that it is a useful agent for the treatment of allergic airway disease, it also limits oxidative stress induced by OVA. L. dentata extract appears to have hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z N Almohawes
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - H S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. The influence of apocynin, lipoic acid and probiotics on antioxidant enzyme levels in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. Life Sci 2019; 234:116780. [PMID: 31430453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma and obesity are common health problems. Obesity is already responsible for 300,000 deaths per year. AIMS The aim of the present study was to assess whether apocynin, alpha lipoic acid and probiotic administration in combination with low-fat diet supplementation influences the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. MAIN METHODS The study was performed on male C57/BL6 mice divided into 10 groups: (I) control; (II) asthma; (III) obesity; (IV) asthma + obesity; (V) asthma + obesity + apocynin p.o. 15 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks; (VI) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks; (VII) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks with apocynin p.o. 15 mg/kg/day; (VIII) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet with probiotics for 12 weeks; (IX) asthma + obesity + low-fat diet for 12 weeks with lipoic acid p.o. 100 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks; (X) asthma + obesity + standard diet with probiotics for 12 weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity were examined. The administration of apocynin alone and apocynin in combination with a low-fat diet resulted in a significant increase in SOD values (respectively p < 0.001; p = 0.010). Application of probiotics resulted in a decrease in CAT activity (p = 0.037) and an increase in GPx activity (p < 0.001) compared to obese asthmatic mice. The administration of lipoic acid resulted in an increase in GR activity (p = 0.024 vs. control). KEY FINDINGS Supplementation containing apocynin, lipoic acid and probiotics has a positive influence on the antioxidant capacity of the pulmonary tissues of obese asthmatic mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Schuchardt M, Prüfer N, Tu Y, Herrmann J, Hu XP, Chebli S, Dahlke K, Zidek W, van der Giet M, Tölle M. Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein activates toll-like receptors via serum amyloid A in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3421. [PMID: 30833653 PMCID: PMC6399289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an uremic toxin and acute phase protein. It accumulates under inflammatory conditions associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). SAA is an apolipoprotein of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL). SAA accumulation turns HDL from an anti-inflammatory to a pro-inflammatory particle. SAA activates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the SAA receptor-mediated signaling pathway in vascular cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the SAA-mediated signaling pathway for MCP-1 production was investigated in this study. The SAA-induced MCP-1 production is dependent on the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 as determined by studies with specific receptor antagonists and agonists or siRNA approach. Experiments were confirmed in tissues from TLR2 knockout, TLR4 deficient and TLR2 knock-out/TLR4 deficient mice. The intracellular signaling pathway is IκBα and subsequently NFκB dependent. The MCP-1 production induced by SAA-enriched HDL and HDL isolated from septic patients with high SAA content is also TLR2 and TLR4 dependent. Taken together, the TLR2 and TLR4 receptors are functional SAA receptors mediating MCP-1 release. Furthermore, the TLR2 and TLR4 are receptors for dysfunctional HDL. These results give a further inside in SAA as uremic toxin involved in uremia-related pro-inflammatory response in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Schuchardt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Prüfer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuexing Tu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial People´s Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jaqueline Herrmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiu-Ping Hu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Chebli
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dahlke
- Deutsches Institut für Ernaehrungsforschung, Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthethal, Germany
| | - Walter Zidek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Tölle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Park YJ, Park B, Lee M, Jeong YS, Lee HY, Sohn DH, Song JJ, Lee JH, Hwang JS, Bae YS. A novel antimicrobial peptide acting via formyl peptide receptor 2 shows therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14664. [PMID: 30279454 PMCID: PMC6168567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In oriental medicine, centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans has long been used as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a well-known chronic autoimmune disorder. However, the molecular identities of its bioactive components have not yet been extensively investigated. We sought to identify bioactive molecules that control RA with a centipede. A novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (scolopendrasin IX) was identified from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Scolopendrasin IX markedly activated mouse neutrophils, by enhancing cytosolic calcium increase, chemotactic cellular migration, and generation of superoxide anion in neutrophils. As a target receptor for scolopendrasin IX, formyl peptide receptor (FPR)2 mediates neutrophil activation induced by the AMP. Furthermore, scolopendrasin IX administration strongly blocked the clinical phenotype of RA in an autoantibody-injected model. Mechanistically, the novel AMP inhibited inflammatory cytokine synthesis from the joints and neutrophil recruitment into the joint area. Collectively, we suggest that scolopendrasin IX is a novel potential therapeutic agent for the control of RA via FPR2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthropods
- Autoantibodies/administration & dosage
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Insect Proteins/chemical synthesis
- Insect Proteins/pharmacology
- Insect Proteins/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/immunology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Byunghyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Joon Ha Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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El-Senousey H, Chen B, Wang J, Atta A, Mohamed F, Nie Q. In ovo injection of ascorbic acid modulates antioxidant defense system and immune gene expression in newly hatched local Chinese yellow broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2018; 97:425-429. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Bansal P, Gaur SN, Arora N. Lysophosphatidylcholine plays critical role in allergic airway disease manifestation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27430. [PMID: 27282246 PMCID: PMC4901285 DOI: 10.1038/srep27430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), pivotal for allergic and inflammatory response, hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PC) to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). In present study, the role of LPC in allergic airway disease manifestation was studied using mouse model. Balb/c mice were immunized using cockroach extract (CE) and LPC release was blocked by sPLA2 inhibitor. Airway hyperresponse (AHR), lung-histology, total and differential leukocyte count (TLC&DLC), Th2 type cytokines, sPLA2 activity and LPC levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. Exogenous LPC was given to the mice with or without CE sensitization, to demonstrate its role in allergic airway disease manifestation. Anti-CD1d antibody was given to study the involvement of natural killer T (NKT) cells in LPC induced response. AHR, lung-inflammation, TLC, DLC, Th2 type cytokines, sPLA2 activity and LPC levels were increased on CE challenge. sPLA2 activity and LPC release was blocked by sPLA2-inhibitor, which decreased AHR, and inflammatory parameters. Exogenous LPC with or without CE sensitization increased above parameters. CE challenge or LPC exposure increased LY49C(+)TCRβ(+) NKT cells in BALF and spleen, which was reduced by anti-CD1d antibody, accompanied with reduction in AHR and allergic airway inflammation parameters. Conclusively, LPC induces allergic airway disease manifestation and it does so probably via CD1d-restricted LY49C(+)TCRβ(+) NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bansal
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | | | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi
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9
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Zhou Z, Xu MJ, Gao B. Hepatocytes: a key cell type for innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:301-15. [PMID: 26685902 PMCID: PMC4856808 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cells in the liver, play pivotal roles in metabolism, detoxification, and protein synthesis. Hepatocytes also activate innate immunity against invading microorganisms by secreting innate immunity proteins. These proteins include bactericidal proteins that directly kill bacteria, opsonins that assist in the phagocytosis of foreign bacteria, iron-sequestering proteins that block iron uptake by bacteria, several soluble factors that regulate lipopolysaccharide signaling, and the coagulation factor fibrinogen that activates innate immunity. In this review, we summarize the wide variety of innate immunity proteins produced by hepatocytes and discuss liver-enriched transcription factors (e.g. hepatocyte nuclear factors and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins), pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin (IL)-6, IL-22, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), and downstream signaling pathways (e.g. signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 and nuclear factor-κB) that regulate the expression of these innate immunity proteins. We also briefly discuss the dysregulation of these innate immunity proteins in chronic liver disease, which may contribute to an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. Host antioxidant enzymes and TLR-2 neutralization modulate intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus: Evidence of the effect of redox balance on host pathogen relationship during acute staphylococcal infection. Microb Pathog 2015; 89:114-27. [PMID: 26416307 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in bone disease and innate immune recognition receptor, TLR-2 is reported to be crucial for inflammatory bone loss. Role of TLR-2 in bacterial clearance and cytokine response to S. aureus infection in murine bone marrow macrophages has been reported but the role of host derived ROS in host-pathogen relationship still remains an obvious question. In the present study, blocking of SOD and catalase in TLR-2 neutralized fresh bone marrow cells (FBMC) with Diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DDC) and 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ), separately, during acute S. aureus infection, produces moderate level of ROS and limits inflammation as compared with only TLR-2 non-neutralized condition and leads to decreased bacterial count compared with only TLR-2 neutralized condition. In summary, host SOD and catalase modulates ROS generation, cytokine levels and TLR-2 expression in FBMCs during acute S. aureus infection which might be useful in the alleviation of S. aureus infection and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Coelho-Santos V, Leitão RA, Cardoso FL, Palmela I, Rito M, Barbosa M, Brito MA, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Silva AP. The TNF-α/NF-κB signaling pathway has a key role in methamphetamine-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1260-71. [PMID: 25899299 PMCID: PMC4528012 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant that causes neurologic and psychiatric abnormalities. Recent studies have suggested that its neurotoxicity may also result from its ability to compromise the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we show that METH rapidly increased the vesicular transport across endothelial cells (ECs), followed by an increase of paracellular transport. Moreover, METH triggered the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the blockade of this cytokine or the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway prevented endothelial dysfunction. Since astrocytes have a crucial role in modulating BBB function, we further showed that conditioned medium obtained from astrocytes previously exposed to METH had a negative impact on barrier properties also via TNF-α/NF-κB pathway. Animal studies corroborated the in vitro results. Overall, we show that METH directly interferes with EC properties or indirectly via astrocytes through the release of TNF-α and subsequent activation of NF-κB pathway culminating in barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal [2] Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal [2] Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa L Cardoso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Palmela
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Rito
- Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- 1] Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria A Brito
- 1] Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal [2] Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Fontes-Ribeiro
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal [2] Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P Silva
- 1] Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal [2] Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Shaaban HH, Mohy AM, Abdel-Razek ARA, Wahab AA. Interleukin-18 -607C/A gene polymorphism in Egyptian asthmatic children. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 18:427-34. [PMID: 24711060 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a multifactorial respiratory disease determined by interactions of multiple disease susceptibility genes and environmental factors. Interleukin (IL)-18 is an important cytokine for initiating and perpetuating the catabolic and inflammatory response in allergic asthma. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms that influence IL-18 production are found in the gene promoter region. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-18 -607C/A promoter polymorphism with asthma and whether this polymorphism influenced the severity of asthma in affected children. The influence of this promoter gene polymorphism on total serum IgE level in studied subjects was also investigated. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study was carried out at the Allergy Clinic of Abu El Reesh Children's Hospital at Cairo University, Egypt. This study included 40 asthmatic children, subdivided into four groups according to different degrees of asthma severity, and 20 apparently healthy subjects as the control group. All cases were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and the following laboratory investigations: complete blood count, total serum IgE level assay by ELISA and genomic DNA extraction, and analysis for IL-18 -607C/A promoter gene polymorphism using the PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique. RESULTS In the present study the IL-18 -607AA genotype frequency was higher in cases (22.5 %) than in the control group (15 %); however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.773). No statistically significant difference between the degree of asthma severity and IL-18 -607C/A polymorphism was found (p = 0.489). No significant association could be detected upon comparing the frequencies of C and A alleles among the two studied groups (p = 0.366). Also, no significant differences were demonstrated for the allele frequencies when the intermittent with mild [odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95 % CI 1.03-2.33, p = 0.067], intermittent with moderate, and severe (OR = 2.8, 95 % CI 1.01-8.5, p = 0.066) asthma groups were compared. The median value of the total serum IgE level in asthmatic cases with the mutant genotype (AA) was significantly higher [360 IU/L (96.6-1,340 IU/L)] than in the control group [119 IU/L (70.6-158.9 IU/L)] (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION No significant statistical difference was encountered regarding the distribution of IL-18 -607C/A genotypes and allele frequencies in asthma patients and healthy controls. Also, there were no significant associations between asthma severity and different genotypes or alleles. The median value of the total serum IgE level in asthmatic cases with the mutant genotype (AA) was significantly higher than in the control group. Thus, IL-18 -607AA genotype frequency might be related to higher total serum IgE.
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Al-Alawi M, Hassan T, Chotirmall SH. Transforming growth factor β and severe asthma: a perfect storm. Respir Med 2014; 108:1409-23. [PMID: 25240764 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease involving complex interplay between resident and infiltrative cells, which in turn are regulated by a wide range of host mediators. Identifying useful biomarkers correlating with clinical symptoms and degree of airway obstruction remain important to effective future asthma treatments. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a major mediator involved in pro-inflammatory responses and fibrotic tissue remodeling within the asthmatic lung. Its role however, as a therapeutic target remains controversial. The aim of this review is to highlight its role in severe asthma including interactions with adaptive T-helper cells, cytokines and differentiation through regulatory T-cells. Associations between TGF-β and eosinophils will be addressed and the effects of genetic polymorphisms of the TGF-β1 gene explored in the context of asthma. We highlight TGF-β1 as a potential future therapeutic target in severe asthma including its importance in identifying emerging clinical phenotypes in asthmatic subjects who may be suitable for individualized therapy through TGF-β modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Al-Alawi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Tidi Hassan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Bansal P, Saw S, Govindaraj D, Arora N. Intranasal administration of a combination of choline chloride, vitamin C, and selenium attenuates the allergic effect in a mouse model of airway disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:358-65. [PMID: 24905385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory allergic disease is an inflammatory condition accompanied by oxidative stress. Supplementation of an anti-inflammatory agent with antioxidants may have a therapeutic effect. In this study, the effects of choline chloride in combination with antioxidants were evaluated via the intranasal route in a mouse model of allergic airway disease. Balb/c mice were sensitized on days 0, 7, and 14 and challenged on days 25-30 with cockroach extract (CE) and with a booster challenge on day 38. They were treated with choline chloride (ChCl; 1mg/kg), vitamin C (Vit C; 308.33 mg/kg), and selenium (Se; 1mg/kg) alone or in combination via the intranasal route on days 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39. The mice were sacrificed on day 40 to collect blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lungs, and spleen. Mice immunized with CE showed a significant increase in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), lung inflammation, Th2 cytokines, and the oxidative stress markers intracellular reactive oxygen species and 8-isoprostanes compared to the phosphate-buffered saline control group. A significant decrease was observed in these parameters with all the treatments (p<0.01). The highest decrease was noticed in the ChCl+Vit C+Se-treated group, with AHR decreased to the normal level. This group also showed the highest decrease in airway inflammation (p<0.001), IL-4 and IL-5 (p<0.001), IgE and IgG1 (p<0.001), NF-κB (p<0.001), and 8-isoprostane levels (p<0.001). Glutathione peroxidase activity, which was decreased significantly in CE-immunized mice, was restored to normal levels in this group (p<0.001). IL-10 level was decreased in CE-immunized mice and was restored to normal by combination treatment. The combination treatment induced FOXP3(+) cells in splenocyte culture, responsible for the upregulation of IL-10. In conclusion, the combination of choline chloride, vitamin C, and selenium via the intranasal route reduces AHR, inflammation, and oxidative stress, probably by causing IL-10 production by FOXP3(+) cells, and possesses therapeutic potential against allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bansal
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Sanjay Saw
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Dhanapal Govindaraj
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.
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Tang J, Xiong J, Wu T, Tang Z, Ding G, Zhang C, Wang S, Liu Y. Aspirin treatment improved mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulatory properties via the 15d-PGJ2/PPARγ/TGF-β1 pathway. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2093-103. [PMID: 24730450 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases in clinics. However, the therapeutic effects are largely dependent on the immunomodulatory capacity of culture-expanded BMMSCs. In the present study, we show that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA)-treated BMMSCs have significantly improved immunomodulatory function, as indicated by upregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and downregulation of Th17 cells via the 15d-PGJ2/PPARγ/TGF-β1 pathway. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of ASA-pretreated BMMSCs was confirmed in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced experimental colitis mouse model, in which systemic infusion of ASA-pretreated BMMSCs significantly ameliorated disease activity index and colonic inflammation, along with an increased number of Tregs and decreased number of Th17 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that aspirin treatment is a feasible strategy to promote BMMSC-based immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Tang
- 1 Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Jha MK, Suk K. Glia-based biomarkers and their functional role in the CNS. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:43-63. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Zheng S, Sugita S, Hirai S, Egashira Y. Protective effect of low molecular fraction of MGN-3, a modified arabinoxylan from rice bran, on acute liver injury by inhibition of NF-κB and JNK/MAPK expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:764-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Fitzpatrick AM, Jones DP, Brown LAS. Glutathione redox control of asthma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:375-408. [PMID: 22304503 PMCID: PMC3353819 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways associated with airway hyper-responsiveness and airflow limitation in response to specific triggers. Whereas inflammation is important for tissue regeneration and wound healing, the profound and sustained inflammatory response associated with asthma may result in airway remodeling that involves smooth muscle hypertrophy, epithelial goblet-cell hyperplasia, and permanent deposition of airway extracellular matrix proteins. Although the specific mechanisms responsible for asthma are still being unraveled, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are important mediators of airway tissue damage that are increased in subjects with asthma. There is also a growing body of literature implicating disturbances in oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions and impaired antioxidant defenses as a risk factor for asthma development and asthma severity. Ultimately, these redox-related perturbations result in a vicious cycle of airway inflammation and injury that is not always amenable to current asthma therapy, particularly in cases of severe asthma. This review will discuss disruptions of redox signaling and control in asthma with a focus on the thiol, glutathione, and reduced (thiol) form (GSH). First, GSH synthesis, GSH distribution, and GSH function and homeostasis are discussed. We then review the literature related to GSH redox balance in health and asthma, with an emphasis on human studies. Finally, therapeutic opportunities to restore the GSH redox balance in subjects with asthma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or α-lipoic acid attenuates airway remodeling: involvement of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:7915-7937. [PMID: 22942681 PMCID: PMC3430212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13077915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Antioxidants have been found to ameliorate airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in animal models employing short-term exposure to allergen. However, little data are available on the effect of antioxidants on airway remodeling and signaling pathways in chronic asthma. In the present study, we used a long-term exposure murine model of allergic airway disease to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) or α-lipoic acid (LA) on airway remodeling, focusing on the ROS-related hypoxia-inducible signaling. Long-term challenge of ovalbumin (OVA) increased ROS production, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness, and developed features of airway remodeling such as excessive mucus secretion, subepithelial fibrosis, and thickening of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer. Administration of OTC or LA reduced these features of asthma, including airway remodeling, which was accompanied by suppression of transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and T-helper 2 cytokines. In addition, OVA-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and HIF-2α was reduced by OTC or LA. Our results also showed that OTC or LA down-regulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and decreased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These findings demonstrate that OTC and LA can inhibit activation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and HIF, leading to attenuate allergen-induced airway remodeling.
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Patil SP, P.Wisnivesky J, Busse PJ, Halm EA, Li XM. Detection of immunological biomarkers correlated with asthma control and quality of life measurements in sera from chronic asthmatic patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:205-13. [PMID: 21354022 PMCID: PMC4648242 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical outcomes of patients with asthma are highly variable. Immunological biomarkers associated with asthma control have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To identify the association between clinical control of asthma and serum immunological profiles of asthmatics and compare these profiles with those of healthy controls by using a multiplex assay. METHODS Sera were obtained from 28 nonsmokers 18 to 55 years of age with moderate and severe persistent asthma. Patients were classified as having well-controlled (WC, n = 14) or poorly controlled (PC, n = 14) asthma based on their responses to the Asthma Control Questionnaire and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Sera from nonasthmatic control individuals (NAC, n = 14) were used for comparison. Levels of 50 analytes, including cytokines, chemokines, angiogenic, and growth factors, were determined, using a multiplex assay. RESULTS Twelve of the 29 cytokines levels were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in NACs, but only interferon gamma levels were significantly lower in patients with asthma than in the NAC group. Among these, interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the PC group than the WC group. Five of the 12 tested chemokine levels were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in NACs. Five of six growth factor levels were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in NACs, and 3 were higher in PC than WC. Interleukin-18, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and stem cell growth factor-beta were positively correlated with poor asthma control and negatively with quality of life scores. CONCLUSIONS Increased serum levels of fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and stem cell growth factor-beta might be useful biomarkers of asthma control status and targets of future asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita P Patil
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Juan P.Wisnivesky
- Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Paula J Busse
- Division of Adult Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ethan A. Halm
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Asthma: Implications for Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:429-456. [PMID: 21461182 PMCID: PMC3066010 DOI: 10.3390/ph4030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex, inflammatory disorder characterized by airflow obstruction of variable degrees, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Asthma is caused by environmental factors and a combination of genetic and environmental stimuli. Genetic studies have revealed that multiple loci are involved in the etiology of asthma. Recent cellular, molecular, and animal-model studies have revealed several cellular events that are involved in the progression of asthma, including: increased Th2 cytokines leading to the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airway, and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction in the activated inflammatory cells, leading to tissue injury in the bronchial epithelium. Further, aging and animal model studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved and play a large role in asthma. Recent studies using experimental allergic asthmatic mouse models and peripheral cells and tissues from asthmatic humans have revealed antioxidants as promising treatments for people with asthma. This article summarizes the latest research findings on the involvement of inflammatory changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative stress in the development and progression of asthma. This article also addresses the relationship between aging and age-related immunity in triggering asthma, the antioxidant therapeutic strategies in treating people with asthma.
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Lee HY, Kim SD, Shim JW, Kim HJ, Yun J, Baek SH, Kim K, Bae YS. A pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein-independent pathway is involved in serum amyloid A-induced formyl peptide receptor 2-mediated CCL2 production. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:302-9. [PMID: 20177146 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.4.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) induced CCL2 production via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). SAA induced the activation of three MAPKs (ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK), which were completely inhibited by knock-down of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2). Inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK by their specific inhibitors (SB203580 and SP600125), or inhibition by a dominant negative mutant of p38 MAPK dramatically decreased SAA-induced CCL2 production. Inactivation of G((i)) protein(s) by PTX inhibited the activation of SAA-induced ERK, but not p38 MAPK or JNK. The results indicate that SAA stimulates FPR2-mediated activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, which are independent of a PTX-sensitive G-protein and are essential for SAA-induced CCL2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Novel antioxidant approaches to the treatment of upper airway inflammation. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:34-41. [PMID: 19935060 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e328334f613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in airway inflammation suggests that antioxidant therapy may be important to optimize the treatment. This review summarizes recent investigations of novel antioxidant agents for upper airway inflammation, with selected studies focused on lower airway disease as additional candidate therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS Recently investigated antioxidant therapies for airway inflammation may be broadly grouped into three categories: endogenous metabolic agents, vitamins/nutrients, and botanical extracts. Studies examining effects in upper airway inflammation are limited and primarily consist of in-vitro human and in-vivo animal models. More extensive studies have investigated the benefits of antioxidants in lower airway conditions such as allergic asthma. Existing evidence identifies antioxidant agents with potential therapeutic value, although human studies suggest that subpopulations affected by specific genetic, environmental, dietary factors, or all are most likely to benefit from antioxidant therapy. SUMMARY Oxidative stress plays a causative role in upper airway inflammation, and novel strategies to mitigate cellular injury with antioxidant therapy may ameliorate disease in target populations. Preclinical studies demonstrate evidence of anti-inflammatory effects for a number of promising antioxidant agents. Well designed interventional human studies of the upper airway, which account for complex gene-environment-diet interactions, will be necessary to adequately examine the potential clinical benefit of antioxidant therapies for rhinosinusitis.
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Mabalirajan U, Ahmad T, Leishangthem GD, Joseph DA, Dinda AK, Agrawal A, Ghosh B. Beneficial effects of high dose of L-arginine on airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:626-35. [PMID: 20153031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbance in the delicate balance between L-arginine-metabolizing enzymes such as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase may lead to decreased L-arginine availability to constitutive forms of NOS (endothelial NOS), thereby increasing the nitro-oxidative stress and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of high doses of L-arginine on L-arginine-metabolizing enzymes and subsequent biological effects such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate production, lipid peroxidation, peroxynitrite, AHR, and airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. METHODS Different doses of L-arginine were administered to ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice. Exhaled nitric oxide, AHR, airway inflammation, T(H)2 cytokines, goblet cell metaplasia, nitro-oxidative stress, and expressions of arginase 1, endothelial NOS, and inducible NOS in lung were determined. RESULTS L-arginine significantly reduced AHR and airway inflammation including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia, T(H)2 cytokines, TGF-beta1, goblet cell metaplasia, and subepithelial fibrosis. Further, L-arginine increased ENO levels and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in lung and reduced the markers of nitro-oxidative stress such as nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. This was associated with reduced activity and expression of arginase 1, increased expression of endothelial NOS, and reduction of inducible NOS in bronchial epithelia. CONCLUSION We conclude that L-arginine administration may improve disordered nitric oxide metabolism associated with allergic airway inflammation, and alleviates some features of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Disease, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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An Evaluation of the Stability and Pharmacokinetics of R-Lipoic Acid and R-Dihydrolipoic Acid Dosage Forms in Human Plasma from Healthy Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420045390.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Shim JW, Jo SH, Kim SD, Lee HY, Yun J, Bae YS. Lysophosphatidylglycerol inhibits formyl peptide receptorlike-1-stimulated chemotactic migration and IL-1beta production from human phagocytes. Exp Mol Med 2009; 41:584-91. [PMID: 19381066 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2009.41.8.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we observed that lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) completely inhibited a formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL1) agonist (MMK-1)-stimulated chemotactic migration in human phagocytes, such as neutrophils and monocytes. LPG also dramatically inhibited IL-1beta production by another FPRL1 agonist serum amyloid A (SAA) in human phagocytes. However, LPG itself induced intracellular calcium increase and superoxide anion production in human phagocytes. Keeping in mind that phagocytes migration and IL-1beta production by FPRL1 are important for the induction of inflammatory response, our data suggest that LPG can be regarded as a useful material for the modulation of inflammatory response induced by FPRL1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woong Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 602-714, Korea
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Kim Y, Eom S, Kim K, Lee YS, Choe J, Hahn JH, Lee H, Kim YM, Ha KS, Ro JY, Jeoung D. Transglutaminase II interacts with rac1, regulates production of reactive oxygen species, expression of snail, secretion of Th2 cytokines and mediates in vitro and in vivo allergic inflammation. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:1010-22. [PMID: 20004474 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase II (TGase II) is a protein cross-linking enzyme with diverse biological functions. Here we report the role of TGase II in allergic inflammation. Antigen stimulation induced expression and activity of TGase II by activation of NF-kappaB in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL2H3) cells. This induction of TGase II was dependent on FcepsilonRI and EGFR. Interaction between TGase II and rac1 was induced following antigen stimulation. TGase II was responsible for the increased production of reactive oxygen species, expression of prostaglandin E2 synthase (PGE2 synthase) and was responsible for increased secretion of prostaglandin E2. ChIP assay showed that TGase II, through interaction with NF-kappaB, was responsible for the induction of histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) and snail by direct binding to promoter sequences. HDAC3 and snail induced by TGase II, exerted transcriptional repression on E-cadherin. Snail exerted negative effect on expression of MMP-2, and secretion of Th2 cytokines. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibited secretion of Th2 cytokines. In vivo induction of TGase II was observed in Balb/c mouse model of IgE antibody-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Chemical inhibition of TGase II exerted negative effect on IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Chemical inhibition of TGase II by cystamine exerted negative effect on Balb/c mouse model of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced atopic dermatitis. These results suggest novel role of TGase II in allergic inflammation and TGase II can be developed as target for the development of allergy therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
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Mehta AK, Arora N, Gaur SN, Singh BP. Choline supplementation reduces oxidative stress in mouse model of allergic airway disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:934-41. [PMID: 19563446 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease associated with increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defences. We have evaluated the effect of choline on oxidative stress in a mouse model of airway disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were sensitised with 100 microg of ovalbumin on days 0 and 14, and challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on days 25-27. Mice were administered 1 mg kg(-1) of choline via oral gavage or intranasal route on days 14-27. Mice were also administered 100 mg kg(-1) of alpha-lipoic acid as standard antioxidant. Total cell counts, eosinophils and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and isoprostanes levels were measured in BAL fluid. IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were also measured in BAL fluid and spleen cell culture supernatant. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) p65 protein expression was measured after last ovalbumin challenge in nuclear and cytosolic extracts of lungs. RESULTS Compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice, choline and alpha-lipoic acid treated mice had significantly reduced eosinophilic infiltration and EPO activity in BAL fluid. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid treatment reduced ROS production and isoprostanes level significantly in BAL fluid and thus suppressed oxidative stress. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid administration by either route decreased lipid peroxidation levels and down regulated NFkappaB activity. Further, choline and/or alpha-lipoic acid treatment suppressed TNF-alpha level significantly as compared with that of ovalbumin-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS Choline administration reduces oxidative stress possibly by modulating the redox status of the cell and inhibits inflammatory response in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Mehta
- Allergy and Immunology Section, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India
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Rovina N, Dima E, Gerassimou C, Kollintza A, Gratziou C, Roussos C. IL-18 in induced sputum and airway hyperresponsiveness in mild asthmatics: effect of smoking. Respir Med 2009; 103:1919-25. [PMID: 19539457 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which has been shown to be implicated in the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in murine asthma models. The association of IL-18 with AHR in human bronchial asthma is not clear as yet. As cigarette smoking modifies airway inflammation we aimed to assess the relationship of IL-18 with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in non-smoking versus smoking asthmatics. IL-18 was measured in sputum supernatants obtained from asthmatic (24 smokers and 22 non-smokers) and healthy subjects (16 smokers and 17 non-smokers). All subjects were assessed by spirometry, skin-prick tests to common aeroallergens and bronchial provocation to methacholine (Mch). There was no significant difference in IL-18 levels between healthy and asthmatic smokers and between healthy and asthmatic non-smokers. IL-18 levels in sputum were significantly lower in healthy smokers compared to non-smokers (p=0.048); similarly, in asthmatic smokers as compared to non-smokers (p=0.037). An inverse correlation was found between IL-18 levels, FEV(1) (% pred) (r=-0.495, p=0.043), and PD(20)Mc(h) in non-smoking asthmatics (r=-0.621, p=0.024). A positive correlation was found in smoking asthmatics between IL-18 levels in sputum and FEV(1) (% pred) (r=0.627, p=0.002), FVC (% pred) (r=0.460, p=0.031), and PD(20)Mc(h) (r=0.809, p=0.005). Cigarette smoking reduced IL-18 levels in induced sputum in healthy and asthmatic smokers. IL-18 levels were correlated with airway obstruction and AHR in an inverse way in smoking and non-smoking asthmatics. These results suggest the implication of IL-18 in airway hyperresponsiveness characterizing bronchial asthma, which is modified by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Rovina
- Sotiria Hospital for Diseases of the Chest, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Hossny EM, El-Sayed SS, El-Hadidi ES, Moussa SR. Serum interleukin-18 expression in children with bronchial asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2009; 2:63-8. [PMID: 23283012 PMCID: PMC3650996 DOI: 10.1097/wox.0b013e3181a33649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is reported to have regulatory functions on Th1 and Th2 cytokine production and proinflammatory effects through promoting recruitment of memory Th1 cells to inflammatory sites. We sought to investigate the expression of the serum IL-18 in childhood bronchial asthma in relation to disease activity and severity. METHODS : Serum IL-18 was measured by enzymatic immunoassay in 25 asthmatic children during exacerbation and after complete quiescence of symptoms and signs. The results were compared to those of 35 nonallergic age- and sex-matched children. RESULTS : Serum IL-18 levels during asthma exacerbation [median = 125 pg/mL; mean (SD) = 128.6 (43.3) pg/mL] were significantly lower than the follow-up levels during stability [median = 250 pg/mL; mean (SD) = 291.6 (66.7) pg/mL] and both levels correlated positively with each other. The corresponding values of the control group were higher than those of the asthmatic patients whether during exacerbation or stability [median = 380 pg/mL; mean (SD) = 476.1 (259.6) pg/mL]. The serum IL-18 concentrations did not vary significantly according to asthma severity, family history of atopy, or passive smoking. The influence of inhaled corticosteroids on IL-18 expression was not impressive and neither was the relation between serum IL-18 and the peripheral blood eosinophil count or serum total IgE expression. CONCLUSIONS : Serum IL-18 was found underexpressed in a group of asthmatic children especially during exacerbation. Further studies are needed to outline its exact role in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eman S El-Hadidi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Yamagata S, Tomita K, Sato R, Niwa A, Higashino H, Tohda Y. Interleukin-18-deficient mice exhibit diminished chronic inflammation and airway remodelling in ovalbumin-induced asthma model. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 154:295-304. [PMID: 18826499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, which is produced by activated monocytes/macrophages and airway epithelial cells, is suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of asthma by modulating airway inflammation. However, the involvement of IL-18 on modulating chronic airway inflammation and airway remodelling, which are characterized in a refractory asthma model exposed to long-term antigen, has not been investigated sufficiently. We examined the role of IL-18 in chronic airway inflammation and airway remodelling by long-term antigen exposure. IL-18-deficient and C57BL/6-wild-type mice were sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA) and were then exposed to aerosolized OVA twice a week for 12 weeks. We assessed airway inflammation by assessing the infiltration of cells into the airspace and lung tissues, and airway remodelling by airway mucus expression, peribronchial fibrosis and smooth muscle thickness. In IL-18-deficient mice, when exposed to OVA, the total cells and neutrophils of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were diminished, as were the number of infiltrated cells in the lung tissues. IL-18-deficient mice exposed to OVA after 12 weeks showed significantly decreased levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the BALF. The airway hyperresponsiveness to acetyl-beta-methacholine chloride was inhibited in IL-18-deficient mice in comparison with wild-type mice. In addition, IL-18-deficient mice exposed to OVA had fewer significant features of airway remodelling. These findings suggest that IL-18 may enhance chronic airway inflammation and airway remodelling through the production of IFN-gamma, IL-13 and TGF-beta1 in the OVA-induced asthma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
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Fortin CF, Ear T, McDonald PP. Autocrine role of endogenous interleukin-18 on inflammatory cytokine generation by human neutrophils. FASEB J 2008; 23:194-203. [PMID: 18780764 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players of innate immunity and influence inflammatory and immune reactions through the production of numerous cytokines. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is known to stimulate several neutrophil responses, and recent evidence suggests that neutrophils might represent a source of IL-18. Here, we show that neutrophils constitutively produce both IL-18 and its antagonist, IL-18BP. Cell activation does not affect IL-18BP release but leads to an increased gene expression and secretion of IL-18, a process that depends on NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, endogenous IL-18 feeds back on the neutrophils to augment cytokine generation in lipopolysaccharide-treated cells. Accordingly, exogenous IL-18 can induce the gene expression and release of several inflammatory cytokines in neutrophils, including its own expression. We finally report that IL-18 activates the p38 MAPK, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt pathways in neutrophils. The IKK cascade is also activated by IL-18, resulting in IkappaB-alpha degradation, NF-kappaB activation, and RelA phosphorylation. Accordingly, these pathways contribute to the generation of inflammatory cytokines in IL-18-stimulated neutrophils. By contrast, the phosphorylation and DNA-binding activity of various STAT proteins were not induced by IL-18. Collectively, our results unveil new interactions between IL-18 and neutrophils and further support a role for these cells in influencing both innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Fortin
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4
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L-Gln and L-Ser suppress the D-galactosamine-induced IL-18 expression and hepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 372:688-90. [PMID: 18514057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
D-Galactosamine (GalN) induces acute hepatitis in experimental animals and this hepatitis has been shown to be suppressed by preceding ingestion of amino acids such as Gly, L-Ser, and L-Gln. However, little is known about the mechanism of its action. The present study shows for the first time that IL-18 reduction is involved in the suppressive actions of L-Gln and L-Ser on GalN-induced hepatitis. Elevation of IL-18 mRNA expression in liver and its concentration in serum in GalN-treated rats were found to be suppressed by preceding ingestion of 10% L-Gln- or 10% L-Ser diets, and resulted in the attenuation of the increase in serum transaminase (ALT and AST) activities, indexes of hepatic injury. These results suggest that suppressive effects of some dietary amino acids on the GalN-induced hepatitis are mediated by IL-18 reduction.
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Yuan BS, Zhu RM, Braddock M, Zhang XH, Shi W, Zheng MH. Interleukin-18: a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in acute pancreatitis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:1261-71. [PMID: 17907957 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.10.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A large body of clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of local and systemic complications of acute pancreatitis. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in many human diseases, including acute pancreatitis. This review focuses on the present understanding in IL-18 and its potential role in acute pancreatitis. IL-18 levels reflect the severity of acute pancreatitis and display a significant negative correlation with the concentrations of antioxidative damage factors, serum selenium and glutathione peroxidases (GPx). The relationship between IL-18 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines shows that IL-18 is one of the key mediators of inflammation in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Elevation of serum IL-18 levels may mediate acute pancreatitis associated liver injury. The use of IL-18 antagonists as direct routes to block IL-18 activity and P2X7 receptor antagonists and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors as indirect routes to block IL-18 activity suggest that specific therapeutic inhibition of IL-18 is a promising therapeutic approach for acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Si Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical School of Nanjing, Southern Medical University, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ryan JJ, Bateman HR, Stover A, Gomez G, Norton SK, Zhao W, Schwartz LB, Lenk R, Kepley CL. Fullerene nanomaterials inhibit the allergic response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:665-72. [PMID: 17579089 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes are a class of novel carbon allotropes that may have practical applications in biotechnology and medicine. Human mast cells (MC) and peripheral blood basophils are critical cells involved in the initiation and propagation of several inflammatory conditions, mainly type I hypersensitivity. We report an unanticipated role of fullerenes as a negative regulator of allergic mediator release that suppresses Ag-driven type I hypersensitivity. Human MC and peripheral blood basophils exhibited a significant inhibition of IgE dependent mediator release when preincubated with C(60) fullerenes. Protein microarray demonstrated that inhibition of mediator release involves profound reductions in the activation of signaling molecules involved in mediator release and oxidative stress. Follow-up studies demonstrated that the tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk was dramatically inhibited in Ag-challenged cells first incubated with fullerenes. In addition, fullerene preincubation significantly inhibited IgE-induced elevation in cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, fullerenes prevented the in vivo release of histamine and drop in core body temperature in vivo using a MC-dependent model of anaphylaxis. These findings identify a new biological function for fullerenes and may represent a novel way to control MC-dependent diseases including asthma, inflammatory arthritis, heart disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, Richmond, VA 23294, USA
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Jarrar MH, Baranova A. PPARgamma activation by thiazolidinediones (TZDs) may modulate breast carcinoma outcome: the importance of interplay with TGFbeta signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:71-87. [PMID: 17367502 PMCID: PMC4401221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of synthetic antidiabetic drugs exerting its action primarily upon acti-vation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Given the widespread incidence of diabetes type II and lifelong exposure of these patients to TZDs, there is a possibility that chronic treatment with TZD modifies clinical phenotypes of other common human diseases, for example breast carcinoma. There is evidence that TZDs act as breast carcinoma suppression agents, at least in the in vitro and animal models. Stimulation of the PPARγ by TZDs interferes with oestrogen receptor signalling, STAT5B and NF-κB signalling cascades. On the other hand, TZDs repress TGFβ signalling, a well-known suppressor of the initial stages of breast carcinoma development. Another layer of complexity arises at the later stages of tumour development, when TGFβ acts as a tumour promoter: its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, higher degree of tumour vascularization and metastasis. Longitudinal studies of breast carcinoma development in chronic TZD users are needed. In this review, we dissect possible interplays between chronic exposure of breast tis-sue to TZDs and TGFβ signalling and predict influence of TZD exposure on cancer-related clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Jarrar
- *Correspondence to: Dr Ancha BARANOVA Assistant Professor, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, George Mason University, David King Hall, MSN 3E1 Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. Tel.: 703-993-4293; Fax: 703-993-4393 E-mail:
| | - Ancha Baranova
- *Correspondence to: Dr Ancha BARANOVA Assistant Professor, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, George Mason University, David King Hall, MSN 3E1 Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. Tel.: 703-993-4293; Fax: 703-993-4393 E-mail:
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